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  • Superfluous python parameters

    - by Leif Andersen
    I've noticed a discrepancy in the way that python parameters are called. In every other language I've dealt with, you either have foo() meaning either no parameters, or as many parameters as you like, or foo(arg1, arg2,...,argn) where you pass in the same number of parameters to define the function and call it. In python however, I've noticed that the function definitions, and when the function is called, can have two different parameters sets, this usually consists of: class foo(object): def bar(self, arg1, arg2): pass However, when I want to call the function, all I have to do is: zoo = foo() zoo.bar(arg1, arg2) Where did the self parameter go? Thank you.

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  • Python Ephem calculation

    - by dassouki
    the output should process the first date as "day" and second as "night". I've been playing with this for a few hours now and can't figure out what I'm doing wrong. Any ideas? Output: $ python time_of_day.py * should be day: event date: 2010/4/6 16:00:59 prev rising: 2010/4/6 09:24:24 prev setting: 2010/4/5 23:33:03 next rise: 2010/4/7 09:22:27 next set: 2010/4/6 23:34:27 day * should be night: event date: 2010/4/6 00:01:00 prev rising: 2010/4/5 09:26:22 prev setting: 2010/4/5 23:33:03 next rise: 2010/4/6 09:24:24 next set: 2010/4/6 23:34:27 day time_of_day.py import datetime import ephem # install from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyephem/ #event_time is just a date time corresponding to an sql timestamp def type_of_light(latitude, longitude, event_time, utc_time, horizon): o = ephem.Observer() o.lat, o.long, o.date, o.horizon = latitude, longitude, event_time, horizon print "event date ", o.date print "prev rising: ", o.previous_rising(ephem.Sun()) print "prev setting: ", o.previous_setting(ephem.Sun()) print "next rise: ", o.next_rising(ephem.Sun()) print "next set: ", o.next_setting(ephem.Sun()) if o.previous_rising(ephem.Sun()) <= o.date <= o.next_setting(ephem.Sun()): return "day" elif o.previous_setting(ephem.Sun()) <= o.date <= o.next_rising(ephem.Sun()): return "night" else: return "error" print "should be day: ", type_of_light('45.959','-66.6405','2010/4/6 16:01','-4', '-6') print "should be night: ", type_of_light('45.959','-66.6405','2010/4/6 00:01','-4', '-6')

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  • Getting values from Multiple Text Entry using Pygtk and Python

    - by Webrsk
    On a click of a button named "Add Textbox" it calls a function which creates a single textbox using (gtk.Entry) function. So each time i click that button it creates a textbox. I have a submit button which should fetches all the values of the text boxes(say 10 textboxes) generated with the name of "entry". It works for one textbox but not for multiple. In php we can create dynamix textboxes mentioning as an array name=entry[]. Do we have similar functionality in python ? Enviroment : FC10 , Glade 3 , Python 2.5 , GTK.

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  • Testing sample code in python modules

    - by Andrew Walker
    I'm in the process of writing a python module that includes some samples. These samples aren't unit-tests, and they are too long and complex to be doctests. I'm interested in best practices for automatically checking that these samples run. My current project layout is pretty standard, except that there is an extra top level makefile that has build, install, unittest, coverage and profile targets, that delegate responsibility to setup.py and nose as required. projectname/ Makefile README setup.py samples/ foo-sample foobar-sample projectname/ __init__.py foo.py bar.py tests/ test-foo.py test-bar.py I've considered adding a sampletest module, or adding nose.tools.istest decorators to the entry-point functions of the samples, but for a small number of samples, these solutions sound a bit ugly. This question is similar to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/301365/automatically-unit-test-example-code, but I assume python best practices will differ from C#

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  • Hooking up Sproutcore frontend and custom Python backend

    - by Suvir
    Hello everyone, I am building a web-based application. The frontend has been designed in Sproutcore. For the backend, we have our own python API which handles all transactions with multiple databases. What is the best way to hook up the front-end with the back-end. AFAIK django is pretty monolithic (correct me if i am wrong) and it would be cumbersome if I dont use its native ORM...I would prefer a python-based solution..any ideas? thanks! Suvir

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  • Help me finish this Python self-challenge.

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    This is not a homework. I saw this article praising Linq library and how great it is for doing combinatorics stuff, and I thought to myself: Python can do it in a more readable fashion. After half hour of dabbing with Python I failed. Please finish where I left off. Also, do it in the most Pythonic and efficient way possible please. from itertools import permutations from operator import mul from functools import reduce glob_lst = [] def divisible(n): return (sum(j*10^i for i,j in enumerate(reversed(glob_lst))) % n == 0) oneToNine = list(range(1, 10)) twoToNine = oneToNine[1:] for perm in permutations(oneToNine, 9): for n in twoToNine: glob_lst = perm[1:n] #print(glob_lst) if not divisible(n): continue else: # Is invoked if the loop succeeds # So, we found the number print(perm) Thanks!

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  • python RSA implemention with PKCS1

    - by user307016
    I got the following code in javascript for RSA implementionhttp://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/jsbn/: // Return the PKCS#1 RSA encryption of "text" as an even-length hex string function RSAEncrypt(text) { var m = pkcs1pad2(text,(this.n.bitLength()+7)>>3); if(m == null) return null; var c = this.doPublic(m); if(c == null) return null; var h = c.toString(16); if((h.length & 1) == 0) return h; else return "0" + h; } // PKCS#1 (type 2, random) pad input string s to n bytes, and return a bigint function pkcs1pad2(s,n) { if(n < s.length + 11) { // TODO: fix for utf-8 alert("Message too long for RSA"); return null; } var ba = new Array(); var i = s.length - 1; while(i >= 0 && n > 0) { var c = s.charCodeAt(i--); if(c < 128) { // encode using utf-8 ba[--n] = c; } else if((c > 127) && (c < 2048)) { ba[--n] = (c & 63) | 128; ba[--n] = (c >> 6) | 192; } else { ba[--n] = (c & 63) | 128; ba[--n] = ((c >> 6) & 63) | 128; ba[--n] = (c >> 12) | 224; } } ba[--n] = 0; var rng = new SecureRandom(); var x = new Array(); while(n > 2) { // random non-zero pad x[0] = 0; while(x[0] == 0) rng.nextBytes(x); ba[--n] = x[0]; } ba[--n] = 2; ba[--n] = 0; return new BigInteger(ba); } In the snippets above, it seems that the pkcs1pad2 function is used for padding the message with some random bytes(maybe sth like 0|2|random|0 ) in front of the message. I'm using the python rsa package (http://stuvel.eu/rsa) for imitating the javascript result, i'm a newbie to python world and have no idea to traslate javascript algorithm code to the python code. Any help would be appreciated. Jiee

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  • Python's subprocess.Popen object hangs gathering child output when child process does not exit

    - by Daniel Miles
    When a process exits abnormally or not at all, I still want to be able to gather what output it may have generated up until that point. The obvious solution to this example code is to kill the child process with an os.kill, but in my real code, the child is hung waiting for NFS and does not respond to a SIGKILL. #!/usr/bin/python import subprocess import os import time import signal import sys child_script = """ #!/bin/bash i=0 while [ 1 ]; do echo "output line $i" i=$(expr $i \+ 1) sleep 1 done """ childFile = open("/tmp/childProc.sh", 'w') childFile.write(child_script) childFile.close() cmd = ["bash", "/tmp/childProc.sh"] finish = time.time() + 3 p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE) while p.poll() is None: time.sleep(0.05) if finish < time.time(): print "timed out and killed child, collecting what output exists so far" out, err = p.communicate() print "got it" sys.exit(0) In this case, the print statement about timing out appears and the python script never exits or progresses. Does anybody know how I can do this differently and still get output from my child processe

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  • python networkx

    - by krisdigitx
    hi, i am trying to use networkx with python, when i run this program, it get this error, is there anything missing? #!/usr/bin/env python import networkx as nx import matplotlib import matplotlib.pyplot import matplotlib.pyplot as plt G=nx.Graph() G.add_node(1) G.add_nodes_from([2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]) #nx.draw_graphviz(G) #nx_write_dot(G, 'node.png') nx.draw(G) plt.savefig("/var/www/node.png") Traceback (most recent call last): File "graph.py", line 13, in <module> nx.draw(G) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.5/networkx/drawing/nx_pylab.py", line 124, in draw cf=pylab.gcf() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.5/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 276, in gcf return figure() File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.5/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 254, in figure **kwargs) File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.5/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 90, in new_figure_manager window = Tk.Tk() File "/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1650, in __init__ self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use) _tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable

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  • Comparing (similar) images with Python/PIL

    - by Attila Oláh
    I'm trying to calculate the similarity (read: Levenshtein distance) of two images, using Python 2.6 and PIL. I plan to use the python-levenshtein library for fast comparison. Main question: What is a good strategy for comparing images? My idea is something like: Convert to RGB (transparent - white) (or maybe convert to monochrome?) Scale up the smaller one to the larger one's size Convert each channel (= the only channel, if converted to monochrome) to a sequence (item value = color value of the pixel) Calculate the Levenshtein distance between the two sequences Of course, this will not handle cases like mirrored images, cropped images, etc. But for basic comparison, this should be useful. Is there a better strategy documented somewhere?

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  • Named pipe is not flushing in Python

    - by BrainCore
    I have a named pipe created via the os.mkfifo() command. I have two different Python processes accessing this named pipe, process A is reading, and process B is writing. Process A uses the select function to determine when there is data available in the fifo/pipe. Despite the fact that process B flushes after each write call, process A's select function does not always return (it keeps blocking as if there is no new data). After looking into this issue extensively, I finally just programmed process B to add 5KB of garbage writes before and after my real call, and likewise process A is programmed to ignore those 5KB. Now everything works fine, and select is always returning appropriately. I came to this hack-ish solution by noticing that process A's select would return if process B were to be killed (after it was writing and flushing, it would sleep on a read pipe). Is there a problem with flush in Python for named pipes?

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  • Python: shutil.rmtree fails on Windows with 'Access is denied'

    - by Sridhar Ratnakumar
    In Python, when running shutil.rmtree over a folder that contains a read-only file, the following exception is printed: File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 216, in rmtree rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 221, in rmtree onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info()) File "C:\Python26\lib\shutil.py", line 219, in rmtree os.remove(fullname) WindowsError: [Error 5] Access is denied: 'build\\tcl\\tcl8.5\\msgs\\af.msg' Looking in File Properties dialog I noticed that af.msg file is set to be read-only. So the question is: what is the simplest workaround/fix to get around this problem - given that my intention is to do an equivalent of rm -rf build/ but on Windows? (without having to use third-party tools like unxutils or cygwin - as this code is targeted to be run on a bare Windows install with Python 2.6 w/ PyWin32 installed)

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  • How to install pyobjc on SnowLeopard's non-default python installation

    - by IgorJ
    Hi everybody. I'm having problems installing pyobjc on SnowLeopard. It came with python 2.6 but I need 2.5 so I have installed 2.5 successfully. After that I have installed xcode. After that I have installed pyobjc with "easy_install-2.5 pyobjc" But when I start my python 2.5 and from cmd line try to import Foundation, it says "no module named Foundation" Of course, from 2.6 everything works fine. How do I find out what's wrong and what should i do?

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  • Error 2006: "MySQL server has gone away" using Python, Bottle Microframework and Apache

    - by Jamie
    After accessing my web app using: - Python 2.7 - the Bottle micro framework v. 0.10.6 - Apache 2.2.22 - mod_wsgi - on Ubuntu Server 12.04 64bit; I'm receiving this error after several hours: OperationalError: (2006, 'MySQL server has gone away') I'm using MySQL - the native one included in Python. It usually happens when I don't access the server. I've tried closing all the connections, which I do, using this: cursor.close() db.close() where db is the standard MySQLdb.Connection() call. The my.cnf file looks something like this: key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 128M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 It is the default configuration file except max_allowed_packet is 128M instead of 16M. The queries to the database are quite simple, at most they retrieve approximately 100 records. Can anyone help me fix this? One idea I did have was use try/except but I'm not sure if that would actually work. Thanks in advance, Jamie

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  • Calling python from Java?

    - by griffin
    I'm trying to call Jython from a Java 6 application using javax.script: import javax.script.ScriptEngine; import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager; import javax.script.ScriptException; public class jythonEx { public static void main (String args[]) throws ScriptException { ScriptEngineManager mgr = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine pyEngine = mgr.getEngineByName("python"); try { pyEngine.eval("print \"Python - Hello, world!\""); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } This is causing a NullPointerException: java.lang.NullPointerException at jythonEx.main(jythonEx.java:12) Does anyone have any idea what I'm doing wrong here?

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  • How to stringfy a swig matrix object in python

    - by leo
    Hi, I am using swig wrapper of openbabel(written in C++, and supply a python wrapper through swig) Below i just use it to read a molecule structure file and get the unitcell property of it. import pybel for molecule in pybel.readfile('pdb','./test.pdb'): unitcell = molecule.unitcell print unitcell |.. |.. The unitcell has function CellMatrix(), unitcell.GetCellMatrix() <22 the OpenBabel::matrix3x3 is something like : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 i am wondering how to print out the contents of the matrix3*3 . I have tried str and repr with it. Any general way to stringfy the contents of a matrix wrapped by swing in python ? thanks

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  • Python web server

    - by Ben
    Hi I'd like to get suggestions on the best way to serve python scripts up as web pages. Typically I'd like a way for me and my colleagues to write simple web pages with minimal effort ie we focus on the business logic eg creating simple forms etc. Possibly with some way to manage sessions but this is a nice-to-have. It doesn't have to be WYSIWYG as they are developers but we are busy and don't want to spend long turning an idea into reality. It's for internal use so appearances are not paramount. The software required to enable this should be easy to setup and configure. eg adding new directories and python lib dirs should be easy. My first instinct is apache or tomcat with mod_python. Any comments / suggestions welcome. Thanks in advance.

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  • Installing Django/Python on IIS6

    - by Sohrab Hejazi
    We are currently installing the latest version of Django and Python on IIS6. We have followed the instructions on the following site: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DjangoOnWindowsWithIISAndSQLServer We are receiving a 403 error when trying to access our Django application via the IIS server. We have verified the python installation on IIS6 and it is working properly. We have also verified the Django installation. Our application runs fine under the built-in Django server, but we are having difficulties getting it to run under IIS. We presume we could be getting errors from "Linking Django to PyISAPIe" section of the instructions provided on the link above. Thanks.

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  • Injecting raw TCP packets with Python

    - by Evgeniy Arbatov
    Hello! What would be a suitable way to inject a raw TCP packet with Python? For example, I have the payload consisting of hexadecimal numbers and I want to send that sequence of hexadecimal numbers to a network daemon: so that if I choose to send 'abcdef', I see 'abcdef' on the wire too. But not '6162636566' as in the case of: new = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) new.connect(('127.0.0.1', 9999)) new.send('abcdef') Can I use Python's SOCK_RAW for this purpose? If so, can you give me an example of sending raw TCP packets with SOCK_RAW (since I did not get it working myself) Thanks! Evgeniy

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  • Python: unix socket -> broken pipe

    - by Heinrich Schmetterling
    I'm trying to get Python socket working as an alternative to calling the command line socat. This socat command works fine: echo 'cmd' | sudo socat stdio <path-to-socket> but when I run this python code, I get an error: >>> import socket >>> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) >>> s.connect(<path-to-socket>) >>> s.send('cmd') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> socket.error: (32, 'Broken pipe') Any ideas what the issue is? Thanks.

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  • Displaying webcam feed using opencv and python

    - by Mitch
    Hi ive been trying to create a simple program with python which utilises opencv to get a video feed from my webcam and display it on the screen. I know im partly there because the window is created and the light on my webcam flicks on, but it just doesnt seem to show anything in the window. hopefully someone can explain what im doing wrong. import cv cv.NamedWindow("w1", cv.CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE) capture = cv.CaptureFromCAM(0) def repeat(): frame = cv.QueryFrame(capture) cv.ShowImage("w1", frame) while True: repeat() on an unrelated note, i have noticed that my webcam sometimes changes its index number in cv.CaptureFromCAM and sometimes i need to put in 0, 1 or 2 even though i only have one camera connected and i havnt unplugged it (i know because the light doesnt come on unless i change the index). is there a way to get python to determine the correct index? thanks Mitch

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  • Python/X11: find out if user switches virtual desktops

    - by Philip
    Hello everyone, I'm looking for a way to determine if the user switches virtual desktops under X11. I'm using Python with X11 libraries and PyGTK. I found some working examples in C, but I lack the expertise to translate them into Python, and I read the source code of several X11 pager applications (fbpanel, pypanel), but I can't seem to find what I'm looking for. Do I have to register for a signal? Using X11 or GTK? Do I have to busy-wait? I'm completely new to both X11 and GTK, so any hints/help would be greatly appreciated. Greets, Philip PS: My current efforts can be found here.

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