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• Using java to create a logistic model - arrays and properties

  - by Oliver Burdekin

  I'm currently trying to create a java model that will solve a problem we have. On a voluntary expedition each week we have some people leaving and some new people arriving. Accommodation is in tents. The tents sleep different numbers of people and certain rules apply. Males and females cannot be mixed and volunteers can be one of four types - school children/ research assistants/ scientific staff/ school teachers So types of volunteer and sexes cannot be mixed. Each week the manager spends hours trying to work this out so I've offered to make this model to keep my coding skills up. At present I'm working with arrays. Each tent is a 2D array [4][x] where x is the number of people it sleeps (each person sleeping there has 4 attributes). Each person is a 1D array with 4 attributes [4]. The idea is to check where people can go, cause the minimum movement for people staying on and solve this logistic problem. Does anyone have any better suggestions as to how to solve this? At present I'm finding it necessary to write a lot of code setting up and querying arrays. Any help is appreciated.

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• Adding new records in Access without wrecking the form

  - by Matt Parker

  I'm working on a simple Access 2003 application to keep track of things that need to be done for clients for some colleagues. Each colleague has a set of clients, and each client has a set of actions that need to be taken by a certain date. I've set up a form that consists of a combobox for client ID (indexed), a drop-down for the person who is handling that client's case, and a button for adding new clients (a standard Access-created Add Record button). The actions are listed in a subform below these three elements. The problem I've run into is that the first person I tested this on clicked the button to add a new record, then didn't fill it out and tried to select another client from the drop-down list. Access interprets this as an attempt to set the selected Client ID as the ID for the new record and rightfully throws an error for duplicate primary keys. I can think of a couple of ways around this problem, but I'd much rather hear your elegant solutions than kludge together some junk in a language I don't know. Let me know if you have any questions. Thank you.

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• How can I identify an element from a list within another list

  - by Alex

  I have been trying to make a block of code that finds the index of the largest bid for each item. Then I was going to use the index as a way to identify the person who paid that much moneys name. However no matter what i try I can't link the person and what they have gained from the auction together. Here is the code I have been writing: It has to be able to work with any information inputted def sealedBids(): n = int(input('\nHow many people are in the group? ')) z = 0 g = [] s = [] b = [] f = [] w = []#goes by number of items q = [] while z < n: b.append([]) z = z + 1 z = 0 while z < n: g.append(input('Enter a bidders name: ')) z = z + 1 z = 0 i = int(input('How many items are being bid on?')) while z < i: s.append(input('Enter the name of an item: ')) w.append(z) z = z + 1 z = 0 for j in range(n):#specifies which persons bids your taking for k in range(i):#specifies which item is being bid on b[j].append(int(input('How much money has {0} bid on the {1}? '.format(g[j], s[k])))) print(' ') for j in range(n):#calculates fair share f.append(sum(b[j])/n) for j in range(i):#identifies which quantity of money was the largest for each item for k in range(n): if w[j] < b[k][j]: w[j] = b[k][j] q.append(k) any advice is much appreciated.

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• Processing forms that generate many rows in DB

  - by Zack

  I'm wondering what the best approach to take here is. I've got a form that people use to register for a class and a lot of times the manager of a company will register multiple people for the class at the same time. Presently, they'd have to go through the registration process multiple times and resubmit the form once for every person they want to register. What I want to do is give the user a form that has a single <input/> for one person to register with, along with all the other fields they'll need to fill out (Email, phone number, etc); if they want to add more people, they'll be able to press a button and a new <input/> will be generated. This part I know how to do, but I'm including it to best describe what I'm aiming to do. The part I don't know how to approach is processing that data the form submits, I need some way of making a new row in the Registrant table for every <input/> that's added and include the same contact information (phone, email, etc) as the first row with that row. For the record, I'm using the Django framework for my back-end code. What's the best approach here? Should it just POST the form x times for x people, or is there a less "brute force" way of handling this?

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• Image is not displaying in email template on 2nd time forward

  - by Don

  Good day Friends, I've a mass mailing program with simple mail templates (HTML and few Images). I've a problem with image display. My clients are not getting images in the mail. Sometimes they get a mail with all the images, But if they forward the same email to someone else, they can’t get the images in forwarded mail. I really don’t know what’s happening with the approach., most of the cases the 2nd time forwarded mail is not showing the images properly. For example, consider I send a mail to client A, Here, Client A will get a mail with Images. Further, If Client A forward the same message to Person B then Person B is not getting Images in the Forwarded email. I’m using the following Approach to Embed an image in the mail template: StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(" <some html content> <img src=\"cid:main.png\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" usemap=\"#Map\"> </html content ends here>"); Attachment imgMain = new Attachment(Server.MapPath("main.png")); imgMain.ContentId = "main.png"; MailMessageObject.Attachments.Add(imgMain); Instead of attachment, I tried bypassing the Image path from server directly. Something like as follows: StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(" <some html content> <img src=\"www.mydomain.com/images/main.png\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" usemap=\"#Map\"> </html content ends here>"); But, result is same, Please help to resolve this problem

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• How do I create a polymorphic model with a collection_select?

  - by muxe

  This are my models: class Speaker < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :session, :foreign_key => :session_id, :class_name => :Session belongs_to :speakable, :polymorphic => true end class Session < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :speakers accepts_nested_attributes_for :speakers end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :speakers, :as => :speakable end class Company < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :speakers, :as => :speakable end What I want to do now is something like this: app/views/sessions/edit.html.erb <% f.fields_for :speakers do |sf| %> <p> <%= sf.label :speaker %><br /> <%= sf.collection_select :speakable, Company.all + Person.all, :id, :full_name %> </p> <% end %> But it is not working because of the polymorphic assignment. How do I approach this problem? EDIT: The Error is: undefined method `base_class' for String:Class with params being: "speaker"=>{"speakable"=>"1063885469", "session_id"=>"1007692731"} The value passed to speakable is the id of the Speaker/Company. Yes, this is the value I specified the collection_select to return, but how can I manage to supply both values (speakable_id and speakable_type) ?

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• What could the negative effects be of attaching to a process as a debugger?

  - by I_like_traffic_lights

  Background A client of mine has a major problem. They have a CRM system, which was created by a single person over a period of 9 years. Unfortunatelly, a few weeks ago, this person died. I believe the company has learned their lesson, and they have started a project of rewriting the CRM system to a modern platform. I have been hired to create a solution in the meantime to make adaptations to the CRM system. I have given up understanding the code, as this would take too long. My solution, is therefore, to make a window and show this on top of the CRM system, whenever this CRM system is showing. This part works fine, but my major problem is extracting the data from the CRM system. Proposed solution After excluding 6 approaches, including runtime code injection, memory searching, database integration, I have arrived at attaching to the process as a debugger, so I get notified about event, and use this in combination with reading from process memory. This approach seems to work, but I am worried about possible side-effects of this approach. Question What are the dangers of using this in a production environment, where there are 250 employees utilizing the system. Needless to say, I cannot risk reducing the already shaky stability of the system.

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• Tips for using Subversion and XCode in a team project

  - by FelipeUY

  Hi to all. I've been working on an Xcode (iPhone) project with three different persons. We have the project on a Subversion repository, but we still don't completely understand some aspects of the Subversion + Xcode methodology: 1) Each time someone does a commit on a single file, it may appear or not in the project of the other developers. Even though the same person that creates the new files, it adds those files to the Repository and then it commits on those files. Why does that happens? Any suggestions? 2) Each person that is involved on the project can't do a "Commit entire project" without causing a considerable headache to the rest of the developers... any idea how this should be done?. The working methodology that we are trying to implement is that only one developer (generally the leader of the project) can Commit the entire project but he must inform the rest of the team, so everybody can be prepared to receive a message asking him to discard his changes and read the new files from the repository. I need suggestions or advice on how to handle a project with multiple developers using subversion. We have read the Subversion handbook, and many other messages on StackOverflow but I still can't find any useful advice. Thanks for any tip!

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• SQL code to display counts() of value retrieved from another column

  - by Doctor Trout

  I have three tables (these are the relevant columns): Table1 bookingid, person, role Table2 bookingid, projectid Table3 projectid, project, numberofrole1, numberofrole2 Table1.role can take two values: "role1" or "role2". What I want to do is to show which projects don't have the correct number of roles in Table1. The number of roles there there should be for each role is in Table3. For example, if Table1 contains these three rows: bookingid, person, role 7, Tim, role1 7, Bob, role1, 7, Charles, role2 and Table2 bookingid, projectid 7, 1 and Table3 projectid, project, numberofrole1, numberofrole2 1, Test1, 2, 2 I would like the results to show that there are not the correct number of role2s for project Test1. To be honest, something like this is a bit beyond my ability, so I'm open to suggestions on the best way to do this. I'm using sqlite and php (it's only a small project). I suppose I could do something with the php at the end once I've got my results, but I wondered if there was a better way to do it with sqlite. I started by doing something like this: SELECT project, COUNT(numberofrole1) as "Role" FROM Table1 JOIN Table2 USING (projectid) JOIN Table3 USING (bookingid) WHERE role="role1" GROUP BY project But I can't work out how to compare the value returned as "Role" with the value got from numberofrole1 Any help is gratefully received.

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• PHP and storing stats

  - by John

  Using PHP5 and the latest version of MySQL I want to be able to track impressions and clicks for business listings. My question is if I did this myself what would be the best method in storing it so I can run reports? Before I just had a table that had the listing id, user ip address and if it was a click or impression as well as the date it was tracked. However the database itself is approaching 2GB of data and its very slow, part of the problem is its a pretty simple script that includes impressions and clicks from anyone including search engines and basically anyone or anything that accesses the listing page. Is there an api or file out there that has an update to date list that can detect if the person viewing is a actually person and not a spider so I dont fill up the database with unneeded stats? Just looking for suggestions, do I just have a raw database that gets just the hits then a cron job at night tally up for the day for each listing for each ip and store the cumulative stats in a different table? Also what type of database should it be? Innodb? MyISAM?

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• How to create several records in only one dynamic form?

  - by Fernando

  Hi experts, please help me with a simple PHP doubt. I have a simple form: < form action="foo" Person: < a href="javascript:addmore();"Add More < /form Every time the user clicks Add More two new input fields will be dynamically created using jQuery. This can be done several times in a same form. < form action="foo" Person: < a href="javascript:addmore();"Add More < /form Each pair (name and last_name) should create on record in my db. Two Questions: 1) What is the best option for input id? Appending a counter is the best option? 2) How can I handle it in the backend using php? Let me know if you need more info. Thanks in advance.

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• Using SimpleDB (with SimpleSavant) with POCO / existing entities, not attributes on my classes

  - by alex

  I'm trying to use Simple Savant within my application, to use SimpleDB I currently have (for example) public class Person { public Guid Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Description { get; set; } public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; } } To use this with Simple Savant, i'd have to put attributes above the class declaration, and property - [DomainName("Person")] above the class, and [ItemName] above the Id property. I have all my entities in a seperate assembly. I also have my Data access classes an a seperate assembly, and a class factory selects, based on config, the IRepository (in this case, IRepository I want to be able to use my existing simple class - without having attributes on the properties etc.. In case I switch out of simple db, to something else - then I only need to create a different implementation of IRepository. Should I create a "DTO" type class to map the two together? Is there a better way?

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• Django url rewrites and passing a parameter from Javascript

  - by William T Wild

  As a bit of a followup question to my previous , I need to pass a parameter to a view. This parameter is not known until the JS executes. In my URLConf: url(r'^person/device/program/oneday/(?P<meter_id>\d+)/(?P<day_of_the_week>\w+)/$', therm_control.Get_One_Day_Of_Current_Thermostat_Schedule.as_view(), name="one-day-url"), I can pass it this URL and it works great! ( thanks to you guys). http://127.0.0.1:8000/personview/person/device/program/oneday/149778/Monday/ In My template I have this: var one_day_url = "{% url personview:one-day-url meter_id=meter_id day_of_the_week='Monday' %}"; In my javascript: $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: one_day_url , dataType: "json", timeout: 30000, beforeSend: beforeSendCallback, success: successCallback, error: errorCallback, complete: completeCallback }); When this triggers it works fine except I dont necessarily want Monday all the time. If I change the javascript to this: var one_day_url = "{% url personview:one-day-url meter_id=meter_id %}"; and then $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url: one_day_url + '/Monday/', dataType: "json", timeout: 30000, beforeSend: beforeSendCallback, success: successCallback, error: errorCallback, complete: completeCallback }); I get the Caught NoReverseMatch while rendering error. I assume because the URLconf still wants to rewrite to include the ?P\w+) . I seems like if I change the URL conf that breaks the abailty to find the view , and if I do what I do above it gives me the NoREverseMatch error. Any guidance would be appreciated.

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• Rails: bi-directional has_many :through relationship

  - by Chris

  I have three models in a Rails application: Game represents an instance of a game being played. Player represents an instance of a participant in a game. User represents a registered person who can participate in games. Each Game can have many Players, and each User can have many Players (a single person can participate in multiple games at once); but each Player is in precisely one Game, and represents precisely one User. Hence, my relationships are as follows at present. class Game has_many :players end class User has_many :players end class Player belongs_to :game belongs_to :user end ... where naturally the players table has game_id and user_id columns, but games and users have no foreign keys. I would also like to represent the fact that each Game has many Users playing in it; and each User has many Games in which they are playing. How do I do this? Is it enough to add class Game has_many :users, :through => :players end class User has_many :games, :through => :players end

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• How to use a variable in a function expression which is injected in a page?

  - by anonymous

  I'm trying to inject a function into a webpage via Chrome extension content script by: function inject(code) { var actualCode = '(' + code + ')();'; var script = document.createElement('script'); script.textContent = actualCode; (document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(script); script.parentNode.removeChild(script); } var myObj = person; // myObj/person is passed in from elsewhere var fn = function() { alert(myObj.name); }; inject(fn); // myObj undefined My issue is, since fn is a function expression, I can't pass in myObj.personName. So my question is, how can I construct a function expression that includes a variable? Do I do some sort of string concatenation instead? I also tried to pass the object to the function, as follows: function inject(code, myObj) { var actualCode = '(' + code + ')(' + myObj +');'; ... But this did not work, and caused a "Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier" error. Related: Building a Chrome Extension - Inject code in a page using a Content script

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• How would I sort files to directories based on filenames?

  - by gnomed

  I have a huge number of files to sort all named in some terrible convention. Here are some examples: (4)_mr__mcloughlin____.txt 12__sir_john_farr____.txt (b)mr__chope____.txt dame_elaine_kellett-bowman____.txt dr__blackburn______.txt These names are supposed to be a different person (speaker) each. Someone in another IT department produced these from a ton of XML files using some script but the naming is unfathomably stupid as you can see. I need to sort literally tens of thousands of these files with multiple files of text for each person; each with something stupid making the filename different, be it more underscores or some random number. They need to be sorted by speaker. This would be easier with a script to do most of the work then I could just go back and merge folders that should be under the same name or whatever. There are a number of ways I was thinking about doing this. parse the names from each file and sort them into folders for each unique name. get a list of all the unique names from the filenames, then look through this simplified list of unique names for similar ones and ask me whether they are the same, and once it has determined this it will sort them all accordingly. I plan on using Perl, but I can try a new language if it's worth it. I'm not sure how to go about reading in each filename in a directory one at a time into a string for parsing into an actual name. I'm not completely sure how to parse with regex in perl either, but that might be googleable. For the sorting, I was just gonna use the shell command: `cp filename.txt /example/destination/filename.txt` but just cause that's all I know so it's easiest. I dont even have a pseudocode idea of what im going to do either so if someone knows the best sequence of actions, im all ears. I guess I am looking for a lot of help, I am open to any suggestions. Many many many thanks to anyone who can help. B.

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• Java / Spring MVC 3 validation of an email address

  - by Tim

  I have a Java backend with Spring MVC and I am using validation in this way on my domain object for an email address: import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern; import javax.validation.constraints.Size; ... @NotNull @Size(min = 1, max = 100) @Pattern(regexp="^([a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.\\_]+)'+'(\\@)([a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.]+)'+'(\\.)([a-zA-Z]{2,4})$") private String email; But all I get with these lines of code Set<ConstraintViolation<Person>> failures = validator.validate(personObject); ... Map<String, String> failureMessages = new HashMap<String, String>(); for (ConstraintViolation<Person> failure : failures) { failureMessages.put(failure.getPropertyPath().toString(), failure.getMessage()); System.out.println(failure.getPropertyPath().toString()+" - "+failure.getMessage()) } I get this on the console: email - must match "^([a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.\\_]+)'+'(\\@)([a-zA-Z0-9\\-\\.]+)'+'(\\.)([a-zA-Z]{2,4})$" but I have as email address [email protected], so the regexp does not match. So I have two prolems: What's wrong here? And how can I define a error message on my own, because display this to the user, that is not a good thing :-) Thank you in advance for your help and Best Regards.

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• C#: ExecuteNonQuery() returns -1 when execute the stored procedure

  - by user1122359

  I'm trying to execute stored procedure in Visual Studio. Its given below. CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[addStudent] @stuName varchar(50), @address varchar(100), @tel varchar(15), @etel varchar(15), @nic varchar (10), @dob date AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON; DECLARE @currentID INT DECLARE @existPerson INT SET @existPerson = (SELECT p_ID FROM Student WHERE s_NIC = @nic); IF @existPerson = null BEGIN INSERT INTO Person (p_Name, p_RegDate, p_Address, p_Tel, p_EmergeNo, p_Valid, p_Userlevel) VALUES (@stuName, GETDATE(), @address, @tel, @etel, 0, 'Student' ); SET @currentID = (SELECT MAX( p_ID) FROM Person); INSERT INTO Student (p_ID, s_Barcode, s_DOB, s_NIC) VALUES (@currentID , NULL, @dob, @nic); return 0; END ELSE return -1; END Im doing so by using this code below. SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(); Connect conn = new Connect(); con = conn.getConnected(); con.Open(); cmd = new SqlCommand("addStudent", con); cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; cmd.Parameters.Add("@stuName", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = nameTxt.Text.ToString(); cmd.Parameters.Add("@address", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = addressTxt.Text.ToString(); cmd.Parameters.Add("@tel", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = telTxt.Text.ToString(); cmd.Parameters.Add("@etel", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = emerTxt.Text.ToString(); cmd.Parameters.Add("@nic", SqlDbType.VarChar).Value = nicTxt.Text.ToString(); cmd.Parameters.Add("@dob", SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = dobTime.Value.ToString("MM-dd-yyyy"); int n = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); MessageBox.Show(n.ToString()); But it returns me -1. I tried this stored procedure by entering the same values I captured from debugging. It was successful. What can be the possible error? Thanks a lot!

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• Need help INSERT record(s) MySQL DB

  - by JM4

  I have an online form which collects member(s) information and stores it into a very long MySQL database. We allow up to 16 members to enroll at a single time and originally structured the DB to allow such. For example: If 1 Member enrolls, his personal information (first name, last name, address, phone, email) are stored on a single row. If 15 Members enroll (all at once), their personal information are stored in the same single row. The row has information housing columns for all 'possible' inputs. I am trying to consolidate this code and having every nth member that enrolls put onto a new record within the database. I have seen sugestions before for inserting multiple records as such: INSERT INTO tablename VALUES (('$f1name', '$f1address', '$f1phone'), ('$f2name', '$f2address', '$f2phone')... The issue with this is two fold: I do not know how many records are being enrolled from person to person so the only way to make the statement above is to use a loop The information collected from the forms is NOT a single array so I can't loop through one array and have it parse out. My information is collected as individual input fields like such: Member1FirstName, Member1LastName, Member1Phone, Member2Firstname, Member2LastName, Member2Phone... and so on Is it possible to store information in separate rows WITHOUT using a loop (and therefore having to go back and completely restructure my form field names and such (which can't happen due to the way the validation rules are built.)

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• Rails Nested Attributes Doesn't Insert ID Correctly

  - by MunkiPhD

  I'm attempting to edit a model's nested attributes, much as outline here, replicated here: <%= form_for @person do |person_form| %> <%= person_form.text_field :name %> <% for address in @person.addresses %> <%= person_form.fields_for address, :index => address do |address_form|%> <%= address_form.text_field :city %> <% end %> <% end %> <% end %> In my code, I have the following: <%= form_for(@meal) do |f| %> <!-- some other stuff that's irrelevant... --> <% for subitem in @meal.meal_line_items %> <%= f.fields_for subitem, :index => subitem do |line_item_form| %> <%= line_item_form.label :servings %><br/> <%= line_item_form.text_field :servings %><br/> <%= line_item_form.label :food_id %><br/> <%= line_item_form.text_field :food_id %><br/> <% end %> <% end %> <%= f.submit %> <% end %> This works great, except, when I look at the HTML, it's creating the inputs that look like the following, failing to input the correct id and instead placing the memory representation(?) of the model: <input type="text" value="2" size="30" name="meal[meal_line_item][#<MealLineItem:0x00000005c5d618>][servings]" id="meal_meal_line_item_#<MealLineItem:0x00000005c5d618>_servings">

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• C++: how serialize/deserialize objects without any library?

  - by Winte Winte

  I try to understand how serializing/deserializing works in c++, so I want to do that without any libs. But I really stuck with that. I start with simple objects but when I try to deserilize a vector I understand that I can't get a vector without if I don't write it size before. Moreover, I don't know which format of file I should choose because if digits will be existed before size of vector I haven't chance to read it right. However it is only the vector but I also want to do that with classes and map container. My task is serialize/deserialize a objects as this: PersonInfo { unsigned int age_; string name_; enum { undef, man, woman } sex_; } Person : PersonInfo { vector<Person> children_; map<string, PersonInfo> addrBook_; } Currently I know how to serialize simple objects in way as this: vector<PersonInfo> vecPersonInfo; vecPersonInfo.push_back(*personInfo); vecPersonInfo.push_back(*oneMorePersonInfo); ofstream file("file", ios::out | ios::binary); if (!file) { cout<<"can not open file"; } else { vector<PersonInfo>::const_iterator iterator = vecPersonInfo.begin(); for (; iterator != vecPersonInfo.end(); iterator++) { file<<*iterator; } Could you please suggest how I can do this for this conplex object or a good tutorial that explain it clearly?

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• The Windows Store... why did I sign up with this mess again?

  - by FransBouma

  Yesterday, Microsoft revealed that the Windows Store is now open to all developers in a wide range of countries and locations. For the people who think "wtf is the 'Windows Store'?", it's the central place where Windows 8 users will be able to find, download and purchase applications (or as we now have to say to not look like a computer illiterate: <accent style="Kentucky">aaaaappss</accent>) for Windows 8. As this is the store which is integrated into Windows 8, it's an interesting place for ISVs, as potential customers might very well look there first. This of course isn't true for all kinds of software, and developer tools in general aren't the kind of applications most users will download from the Windows store, but a presence there can't hurt. Now, this Windows Store hosts two kinds of applications: 'Metro-style' applications and 'Desktop' applications. The 'Metro-style' applications are applications created for the new 'Metro' UI which is present on Windows 8 desktop and Windows RT (the single color/big font fingerpaint-oriented UI). 'Desktop' applications are the applications we all run and use on Windows today. Our software are desktop applications. The Windows Store hosts all Metro-style applications locally in the store and handles the payment for these applications. This means you upload your application (sorry, 'app') to the store, jump through a lot of hoops, Microsoft verifies that your application is not violating a tremendous long list of rules and after everything is OK, it's published and hopefully you get customers and thus earn money. Money which Microsoft will pay you on a regular basis after customers buy your application. Desktop applications are not following this path however. Desktop applications aren't hosted by the Windows Store. Instead, the Windows Store more or less hosts a page with the application's information and where to get the goods. I.o.w.: it's nothing more than a product's Facebook page. Microsoft will simply redirect a visitor of the Windows Store to your website and the visitor will then use your site's system to purchase and download the application. This last bit of information is very important. So, this morning I started with fresh energy to register our company 'Solutions Design bv' at the Windows Store and our two applications, LLBLGen Pro and ORM Profiler. First I went to the Windows Store dashboard page. If you don't have an account, you have to log in or sign up if you don't have a live account. I signed in with my live account. After that, it greeted me with a page where I had to fill in a code which was mailed to me. My local mail server polls every several minutes for email so I had to kick it to get it immediately. I grabbed the code from the email and I was presented with a multi-step process to register myself as a company or as an individual. In red I was warned that this choice was permanent and not changeable. I chuckled: Microsoft apparently stores its data on paper, not in digital form. I chose 'company' and was presented with a lengthy form to fill out. On the form there were two strange remarks: Per company there can just be 1 (one, uno, not zero, not two or more) registered developer, and only that developer is able to upload stuff to the store. I have no idea how this works with large companies, oh the overhead nightmares... "Sorry, but John, our registered developer with the Windows Store is on holiday for 3 months, backpacking through Australia, no, he's not reachable at this point. M'yeah, sorry bud. Hey, did you fill in those TPS reports yesterday?" A separate Approver has to be specified, which has to be a different person than the registered developer. Apparently to Microsoft a company with just 1 person is not a company. Luckily we're with two people! *pfew*, dodged that one, otherwise I would be stuck forever: the choice I already made was not reversible! After I had filled out the form and it was all well and good and accepted by the Microsoft lackey who had to write it all down in some paper notebook ("Hey, be warned! It's a permanent choice! Written down in ink, can't be changed!"), I was presented with the question how I wanted to pay for all this. "Pay for what?" I wondered. Must be the paper they were scribbling the information on, I concluded. After all, there's a financial crisis going on! How could I forget! Silly me. "Ok fair enough". The price was 75 Euros, not the end of the world. I could only pay by credit card, so it was accepted quickly. Or so I thought. You see, Microsoft has a different idea about CC payments. In the normal world, you type in your CC number, some date, a name and a security code and that's it. But Microsoft wants to verify this even more. They want to make a verification purchase of a very small amount and are doing that with a special code in the description. You then have to type in that code in a special form in the Windows Store dashboard and after that you're verified. Of course they'll refund the small amount they pull from your card. Sounds simple, right? Well... no. The problem starts with the fact that I can't see the CC activity on some website: I have a bank issued CC card. I get the CC activity once a month on a piece of paper sent to me. The bank's online website doesn't show them. So it's possible I have to wait for this code till October 12th. One month. "So what, I'm not going to use it anyway, Desktop applications don't use the payment system", I thought. "Haha, you're so naive, dear developer!" Microsoft won't allow you to publish any applications till this verification is done. So no application publishing for a month. Wouldn't it be nice if things were, you know, digital, so things got done instantly? But of course, that lackey who scribbled everything in the Big Windows Store Registration Book isn't that quick. Can't blame him though. He's just doing his job. Now, after the payment was done, I was presented with a page which tells me Microsoft is going to use a third party company called 'Symantec', which will verify my identity again. The page explains to me that this could be done through email or phone and that they'll contact the Approver to verify my identity. "Phone?", I thought... that's a little drastic for a developer account to publish a single page of information about an external hosted software product, isn't it? On Facebook I just added a page, done. And paying you, Microsoft, took less information: you were happy to take my money before my identity was even 'verified' by this 3rd party's minions! "Double standards!", I roared. No-one cared. But it's the thought of getting it off your chest, you know. Luckily for me, everyone at Symantec was asleep when I was registering so they went for the fallback option in case phone calls were not possible: my Approver received an email. Imagine you have to explain the idiot web of security theater I was caught in to someone else who then has to reply a random person over the internet that I indeed was who I said I was. As she's a true sweetheart, she gave me the benefit of the doubt and assured that for now, I was who I said I was. Remember, this is for a desktop application, which is only a link to a website, some pictures and a piece of text. No file hosting, no payment processing, nothing, just a single page. Yeah, I also thought I was crazy. But we're not at the end of this quest yet. I clicked around in the confusing menus of the Windows Store dashboard and found the 'Desktop' section. I get a helpful screen with a warning in red that it can't find any certified 'apps'. True, I'm just getting started, buddy. I see a link: "Check the Windows apps you submitted for certification". Well, I haven't submitted anything, but let's see where it brings me. Oh the thrill of adventure! I click the link and I end up on this site: the hardware/desktop dashboard account registration. "Erm... but I just registered...", I mumbled to no-one in particular. Apparently for desktop registration / verification I have to register again, it tells me. But not only that, the desktop application has to be signed with a certificate. And not just some random el-cheapo certificate you can get at any mall's discount store. No, this certificate is special. It's precious. This certificate, the 'Microsoft Authenticode' Digital Certificate, is the only certificate that's acceptable, and jolly, it can be purchased from VeriSign for the price of only ... $99.-, but be quick, because this is a limited time offer! After that it's, I kid you not, $499.-. 500 dollars for a certificate to sign an executable. But, I do feel special, I got a special price. Only for me! I'm glowing. Not for long though. Here I started to wonder, what the benefit of it all was. I now again had to pay money for a shiny certificate which will add 'Solutions Design bv' to our installer as the publisher instead of 'unknown', while our customers download the file from our website. Not only that, but this was all about a Desktop application, which wasn't hosted by Microsoft. They only link to it. And make no mistake. These prices aren't single payments. Every year these have to be renewed. Like a membership of an exclusive club: you're special and privileged, but only if you cough up the dough. To give you an example how silly this all is: I added LLBLGen Pro and ORM Profiler to the Visual Studio Gallery some time ago. It's the same thing: it's a central place where one can find software which adds to / extends / works with Visual Studio. I could simply create the pages, add the information and they show up inside Visual Studio. No files are hosted at Microsoft, they're downloaded from our website. Exactly the same system. As I have to wait for the CC transcripts to arrive anyway, I can't proceed with publishing in this new shiny store. After the verification is complete I have to wait for verification of my software by Microsoft. Even Desktop applications need to be verified using a long list of rules which are mainly focused on Metro-style applications. Even while they're not hosted by Microsoft. I wonder what they'll find. "Your application wasn't approved. It violates rule 14 X sub D: it provides more value than our own competing framework". While I was writing this post, I tried to check something in the Windows Store Dashboard, to see whether I remembered it correctly. I was presented again with the question, after logging in with my live account, to enter the code that was just mailed to me. Not the previous code, a brand new one. Again I had to kick my mail server to pull the email to proceed. This was it. This 'experience' is so beyond miserable, I'm afraid I have to say goodbye for now to the 'Windows Store'. It's simply not worth my time. Now, about live accounts. You might know this: live accounts are tied to everything you do with Microsoft. So if you have an MSDN subscription, e.g. the one which costs over $5000.-, it's tied to this same live account. But the fun thing is, you can login with your live account to the MSDN subscriptions with just the account id and password. No additional code is mailed to you. While it gives you access to all Microsoft software available, including your licenses. Why the draconian security theater with this Windows Store, while all I want is to publish some desktop applications while on other Microsoft sites it's OK to simply sign in with your live account: no codes needed, no verification and no certificates? Microsoft, one thing you need with this store and that's: apps. Apps, apps, apps, apps, aaaaaaaaapps. Sorry, my bad, got carried away. I just can't stand the word 'app'. This store's shelves have to be filled to the brim with goods. But instead of being welcomed into the store with open arms, I have to fight an uphill battle with an endless list of rules and bullshit to earn the privilege to publish in this shiny store. As if I have to be thrilled to be one of the exclusive club called 'Windows Store Publishers'. As if Microsoft doesn't want it to succeed. Craig Stuntz sent me a link to an old blog post of his regarding code signing and uploading to Microsoft's old mobile store from back in the WinMo5 days: http://blogs.teamb.com/craigstuntz/2006/10/11/28357/. Good read and good background info about how little things changed over the years. I hope this helps Microsoft make things more clearer and smoother and also helps ISVs with their decision whether to go with the Windows Store scheme or ignore it. For now, I don't see the advantage of publishing there, especially not with the nonsense rules Microsoft cooked up. Perhaps it changes in the future, who knows.

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• Entity Framework 4.3.1 Code based Migrations and Connector/Net 6.6

  - by GABMARTINEZ

   Code-based migrations is a new feature as part of the Connector/Net support for Entity Framework 4.3.1. In this tutorial we'll see how we can use it so we can keep track of the changes done to our database creating a new application using the code first approach. If you don't have a clear idea about how code first works we highly recommend you to check this subject before going further with this tutorial. Creating our Model and Database with Code First  From VS 2010  1. Create a new console application 2.  Add the latest Entity Framework official package using Package Manager Console (Tools Menu, then Library Package Manager -> Package Manager Console). In the Package Manager Console we have to type  Install-Package EntityFramework This will add the latest version of this library.  We will also need to make some changes to your config file. A <configSections> was added which contains the version you have from EntityFramework.  An <entityFramework> section was also added where you can set up some initialization. This section is optional and by default is generated to use SQL Express. Since we don't need it for now (we'll see more about it below) let's leave this section empty as shown below. 3. Create a new Model with a simple entity. 4. Enable Migrations to generate the our Configuration class. In the Package Manager Console we have to type  Enable-Migrations; This will make some changes in our application. It will create a new folder called Migrations where all the migrations representing the changes we do to our model.  It will also create a Configuration class that we'll be using to initialize our SQL Generator and some other values like if we want to enable Automatic Migrations.  You can see that it already has the name of our DbContext. You can also create you Configuration class manually. 5. Specify our Model Provider. We need to specify in our Class Configuration that we'll be using MySQLClient since this is not part of the generated code. Also please make sure you have added the MySql.Data and the MySql.Data.Entity references to your project. using MySql.Data.Entity;   // Add the MySQL.Data.Entity namespace public Configuration() { this.AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false; SetSqlGenerator("MySql.Data.MySqlClient", new MySql.Data.Entity.MySqlMigrationSqlGenerator());    // This will add our MySQLClient as SQL Generator } 6. Add our Data Provider and set up our connection string <connectionStrings> <add name="PersonalContext" connectionString="server=localhost;User Id=root;database=Personal;" providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> <system.data> <DbProviderFactories> <remove invariant="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" /> <add name="MySQL Data Provider" invariant="MySql.Data.MySqlClient" description=".Net Framework Data Provider for MySQL" type="MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlClientFactory, MySql.Data, Version=6.6.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=c5687fc88969c44d" /> </DbProviderFactories> </system.data> * The version recommended to use of Connector/Net is 6.6.2 or earlier. At this point we can create our database and then start working with Migrations. So let's do some data access so our database get's created. You can run your application and you'll get your database Personal as specified in our config file. Add our first migration Migrations are a great resource as we can have a record for all the changes done and will generate the MySQL statements required to apply these changes to the database. Let's add a new property to our Person class public string Email { get; set; } If you try to run your application it will throw an exception saying  The model backing the 'PersonelContext' context has changed since the database was created. Consider using Code First Migrations to update the database (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=238269). So as suggested let's add our first migration for this change. In the Package Manager Console let's type Add-Migration AddEmailColumn Now we have the corresponding class which generate the necessary operations to update our database. namespace MigrationsFromScratch.Migrations { using System.Data.Entity.Migrations; public partial class AddEmailColumn : DbMigration { public override void Up(){ AddColumn("People", "Email", c => c.String(unicode: false)); } public override void Down() { DropColumn("People", "Email"); } } } In the Package Manager Console let's type Update-Database Now you can check your database to see all changes were succesfully applied. Now let's add a second change and generate our second migration public class Person   {       [Key]       public int PersonId { get; set;}       public string Name { get; set; }       public string Address {get; set;}       public string Email { get; set; }       public List<Skill> Skills { get; set; }   }   public class Skill   {     [Key]     public int SkillId { get; set; }     public string Description { get; set; }   }   public class PersonelContext : DbContext   {     public DbSet<Person> Persons { get; set; }     public DbSet<Skill> Skills { get; set; }   } If you would like to customize any part of this code you can do that at this step. You can see there is the up method which can update your database and the down that can revert the changes done. If you customize any code you should make sure to customize in both methods. Now let's apply this change. Update-database -verbose I added the verbose flag so you can see all the SQL generated statements to be run. Downgrading changes So far we have always upgraded to the latest migration, but there may be times when you want downgrade to a specific migration. Let's say we want to return to the status we have before our last migration. We can use the -TargetMigration option to specify the migration we'd like to return. Also you can use the -verbose flag. If you like to go  back to the Initial state you can do: Update-Database -TargetMigration:$InitialDatabase  or equivalent: Update-Database -TargetMigration:0  Migrations doesn't allow by default a migration that would ocurr in a data loss. One case when you can got this message is for example in a DropColumn operation. You can override this configuration by setting AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed to true in the configuration class. Also you can set your Database Initializer in case you want that these Migrations can be applied automatically and you don't have to go all the way through creating a migration and updating later the changes. Let's see how. Database Initialization by Code We can specify an initialization strategy by using Database.SetInitializer (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg679461(v=vs.103)). One of the strategies that I found very useful when you are at a development stage (I mean not for production) is the MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion. This strategy will make all the necessary migrations each time there is a change in our model that needs a database replication, this also implies that we have to enable AutomaticMigrationsEnabled flag in our Configuration class. public Configuration()         {             AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;             AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;             SetSqlGenerator("MySql.Data.MySqlClient", new MySql.Data.Entity.MySqlMigrationSqlGenerator());    // This will add our MySQLClient as SQL Generator          } In the new EntityFramework section of your Config file we can set this at a context level basis.  The syntax is as follows: <contexts> <context type="Custom DbContext name, Assembly name"> <databaseInitializer type="System.Data.Entity.MigrateDatabaseToLatestVersion`2[[ Custom DbContext name, Assembly name],  [Configuration class name, Assembly name]],  EntityFramework" /> </context> </contexts> In our example this would be: The syntax is kind of odd but very convenient. This way all changes will always be applied when we do any data access in our application. There are a lot of new things to explore in EF 4.3.1 and Migrations so we'll continue writing some more posts about it. Please let us know if you have any questions or comments, also please check our forums here where we keep answering questions in general for the community.  Hope you found this information useful. Happy MySQL/.Net Coding! 

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• PASS: Bylaw Change 2013

  - by Bill Graziano

  PASS launched a Global Growth Initiative in the Summer of 2011 with the appointment of three international Board advisors.  Since then we’ve thought and talked extensively about how we make PASS more relevant to our members outside the US and Canada.  We’ve collected much of that discussion in our Global Growth site.  You can find vision documents, plans, governance proposals, feedback sites, and transcripts of Twitter chats and town hall meetings.  We also address these plans at the Board Q&A during the 2012 Summit. One of the biggest changes coming out of this process is around how we elect Board members.  And that requires a change to the bylaws.  We published the proposed bylaw changes as a red-lined document so you can clearly see the changes.  Our goal in these bylaw changes was to address the changes required by the global growth initiatives, conduct a legal review of the document and address other minor issues in the document.  There are numerous small wording changes throughout the document.  For example, we replaced every reference of “The Corporation” with the word “PASS” so it now reads “PASS is organized…”. Board Composition The biggest change in these bylaw changes is how the Board is composed and elected.  This discussion starts in section VI.2.  This section now says that some elected directors will come from geographic regions.  I think this is the best way to make sure we give all of our members a voice in the leadership of the organization.  The key parts of this section are: The remaining Directors (i.e. the non-Officer Directors and non-Vendor Appointed Directors) shall be elected by the voting membership (“Elected Directors”). Elected Directors shall include representatives of defined PASS regions (“Regions”) as set forth below (“Regional Directors”) and at minimum one (1) additional Director-at-Large whose selection is not limited by region. Regional Directors shall include, but are not limited to, two (2) seats for the Region covering Canada and the United States of America. Additional Regions for the purpose of electing additional Regional Directors and additional Director-at-Large seats for the purpose of expanding the Board shall be defined by a majority vote of the current Board of Directors and must be established prior to the public call for nominations in the general election. Previously defined Regions and seats approved by the Board of Directors shall remain in effect and can only be modified by a 2/3 majority vote by the then current Board of Directors. Currently PASS has six At-Large Directors elected by the members.  These changes allow for a Regional Director position that is elected by the members but must come from a particular region.  It also stipulates that there must always be at least one Director-at-Large who can come from any region. We also understand that PASS is currently a very US-centric organization.  Our Summit is held in America, roughly half our chapters are in the US and Canada and most of the Board members over the last ten years have come from America.  We wanted to reflect that by making sure that our US and Canadian volunteers would continue to play a significant role by ensuring that two Regional seats are reserved specifically for Canada and the US. Other than that, the bylaws don’t create any specific regional seats.  These rules allow us to create Regional Director seats but don’t require it.  We haven’t fully discussed what the criteria will be in order for a region to have a seat designated for it or how many regions there will be.  In our discussions we’ve broadly discussed regions for United States and Canada Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Australia, New Zealand and Asia (also known as Asia Pacific or APAC) Mexico, South America, and Central America (LATAM) As you can see, our thinking is that there will be a few large regions.  I’ve also considered a non-North America region that we can gradually split into the regions above as our membership grows in those areas.  The regions will be defined by a policy document that will be published prior to the elections. I’m hoping that over the next year we can begin to publish more of what we do as Board-approved policy documents. While the bylaws only require a single non-region specific At-large Director, I would expect we would always have two.  That way we can have one in each election.  I think it’s important that we always have one seat open that anyone who is eligible to run for the Board can contest.  The Board is required to have any regions defined prior to the start of the election process. Board Elections – Regional Seats We spent a lot of time discussing how the elections would work for these Regional Director seats.  Ultimately we decided that the simplest solution is that every PASS member should vote for every open seat.  Section VIII.3 reads: Candidates who are eligible (i.e. eligible to serve in such capacity subject to the criteria set forth herein or adopted by the Board of Directors) shall be designated to fill open Board seats in the following order of priority on the basis of total votes received: (i) full term Regional Director seats, (ii) full term Director-at-Large seats, (iii) not full term (vacated) Regional Director seats, (iv) not full term (vacated) Director-at-Large seats. For the purposes of clarity, because of eligibility requirements, it is contemplated that the candidates designated to the open Board seats may not receive more votes than certain other candidates who are not selected to the Board. We debated whether to have multiple ballots or one single ballot.  Multiple ballot elections get complicated quickly.  Let’s say we have a ballot for US/Canada and one for Region 2.  After that we’d need a mechanism to merge those two together and come up with the winner of the at-large seat or have another election for the at-large position.  We think the best way to do this is a single ballot and putting the highest vote getters into the most restrictive seats.  Let’s look at an example: There are seats open for Region 1, Region 2 and at-large.  The election results are as follows: Candidate A (eligible for Region 1) – 550 votes Candidate B (eligible for Region 1) – 525 votes Candidate C (eligible for Region 1) – 475 votes Candidate D (eligible for Region 2) – 125 votes Candidate E (eligible for Region 2) – 75 votes In this case, Candidate A is the winner for Region 1 and is assigned that seat.  Candidate D is the winner for Region 2 and is assigned that seat.  The at-large seat is filled by the high remaining vote getter which is Candidate B. The key point to understand is that we may have a situation where a person with a lower vote total is elected to a regional seat and a person with a higher vote total is excluded.  This will be true whether we had multiple ballots or a single ballot.  Board Elections – Vacant Seats The other change to the election process is for vacant Board seats.  The actual changes are sprinkled throughout the document. Previously we didn’t have a mechanism that allowed for an election of a Board seat that we knew would be vacant in the future.  The most common case is when a Board members moves to an Officer role in the middle of their term.  One of the key changes is to allow the number of votes members have to match the number of open seats.  This allows each voter to express their preference on all open seats.  This only applies when we know about the opening prior to the call for nominations.  This all means that if there’s a seat will be open at the start of the next Board term, and we know about it prior to the call for nominations, we can include that seat in the elections.  Ultimately, the aim is to have PASS members decide who sits on the Board in as many situations as possible. We discussed the option of changing the bylaws to just take next highest vote-getter in all other cases.  I think that’s wrong for the following reasons: All voters aren’t able to express an opinion on all candidates.  If there are five people running for three seats, you can only vote for three.  You have no way to express your preference between #4 and #5. Different candidates may have different information about the number of seats available.  A person may learn that a Board member plans to resign at the end of the year prior to that information being made public. They may understand that the top four vote getters will end up on the Board while the rest of the members believe there are only three openings.  This may affect someone’s decision to run.  I don’t think this creates a transparent, fair election. Board members may use their knowledge of the election results to decide whether to remain on the Board or not.  Admittedly this one is unlikely but I don’t want to create a situation where this accusation can be leveled. I think the majority of vacancies in the future will be handled through elections.  The bylaw section quoted above also indicates that partial term vacancies will be filled after the full term seats are filled. Removing Directors Section VI.7 on removing directors has always had a clause that allowed members to remove an elected director.  We also had a clause that allowed appointed directors to be removed.  We added a clause that allows the Board to remove for cause any director with a 2/3 majority vote.  The updated text reads: Any Director may be removed for cause by a 2/3 majority vote of the Board of Directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of PASS would be served thereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the authority of any Director to act as in an official capacity as a Director or Officer of PASS may be suspended by the Board of Directors for cause. Cause for suspension or removal of a Director shall include but not be limited to failure to meet any Board-approved performance expectations or the presence of a reason for suspension or dismissal as listed in Addendum B of these Bylaws. The first paragraph is updated and the second and third are unchanged (except cleaning up language).  If you scroll down and look at Addendum B of these bylaws you find the following: Cause for suspension or dismissal of a member of the Board of Directors may include: Inability to attend Board meetings on a regular basis. Inability or unwillingness to act in a capacity designated by the Board of Directors. Failure to fulfill the responsibilities of the office. Inability to represent the Region elected to represent Failure to act in a manner consistent with PASS's Bylaws and/or policies. Misrepresentation of responsibility and/or authority. Misrepresentation of PASS. Unresolved conflict of interests with Board responsibilities. Breach of confidentiality. The bold line about your inability to represent your region is what we added to the bylaws in this revision.  We also added a clause to section VII.3 allowing the Board to remove an officer.  That clause is much less restrictive.  It doesn’t require cause and only requires a simple majority. The Board of Directors may remove any Officer whenever in their judgment the best interests of PASS shall be served by such removal. Other There are numerous other small changes throughout the document. Proxy voting.  The laws around how members and Board members proxy votes are specific in Illinois law.  PASS is an Illinois corporation and is subject to Illinois laws.  We changed section IV.5 to come into compliance with those laws.  Specifically this says you can only vote through a proxy if you have a written proxy through your authorized attorney.  English language proficiency.  As we increase our global footprint we come across more members that aren’t native English speakers.  The business of PASS is conducted in English and it’s important that our Board members speak English.  If we get big enough to afford translators, we may be able to relax this but right now we need English language skills for effective Board members. Committees.  The language around committees in section IX is old and dated.  Our lawyers advised us to clean it up.  This section specifically applies to any committees that the Board may form outside of portfolios.  We removed the term limits, quorum and vacancies clause.  We don’t currently have any committees that this would apply to.  The Nominating Committee is covered elsewhere in the bylaws. Electronic Votes.  The change allows the Board to vote via email but the results must be unanimous.  This is to conform with Illinois state law. Immediate Past President.  There was no mechanism to fill the IPP role if an outgoing President chose not to participate.  We changed section VII.8 to allow the Board to invite any previous President to fill the role by majority vote. Nominations Committee.  We’ve opened the language to allow for the transparent election of the Nominations Committee as outlined by the 2011 Election Review Committee. Revocation of Charters. The language surrounding the revocation of charters for local groups was flagged by the lawyers. We have allowed for the local user group to make all necessary payment before considering returning of items to PASS if required. Bylaw notification. We’ve spent countless meetings working on these bylaws with the intent to not open them again any time in the near future. Should the bylaws be opened again, we have included a clause ensuring that the PASS membership is involved. I’m proud that the Board has remained committed to transparency and accountability to members. This clause will require that same level of commitment in the future even when all the current Board members have rolled off. I think that covers everything.  I’d encourage you to look through the red-line document and see the changes.  It’s helpful to look at the language that’s being removed and the language that’s being added.  I’m happy to answer any questions here or you can email them to [email protected].

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• USB 3 vs. eSATA

  - by Robert Nickens

  Will the full speed advantages of the future USB 3.0 be negated by the fact the most HD being mass produced are SATA 3? If so, what would you suggest a person do? For performance reasons go with eSATA or 1394 for external HDs. Why spend the money on USB 3.0 next year,even if the prices come down quickly. Given that SATA 6 is not here and may be a while.

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