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• The best way to structure/design game code

  - by Edward

  My question is quite broad and related to the 2D game code design/architecture/structure. Usually the main game consists of the main loop where you update & render your world states. However, it's recommended for many purposes to separate rendering from the game-logic and so on. I am kinda confused about the whole situation. Many game engines/libs/sdks don't follow separation schema. They propagate a way where you define some scenes/stages and they contain some objects and the scene/stage controls the user input and so on. For example, in cocos2d(-x) and libgdx (stage2d) the games are usually done the way that the update logic happens at the same time/place as rendering. Also, the propagated way is to have a structure where an object knows how to draw itself - which is not a separation of updating & rendering. The same with Flash based games, they are usually done the way when an object (class) contains a swf or a texture and some data and holds some update logic itself, or updated from main Scene. And again this object already knows how to draw itself via "addChild". Also, some people recommend to use MVC pattern, which will require to completely obey the structure of those engines/libs/sdks. Maybe I am overthinking everything, but I am totally confused. I would be grateful if somebody could point me to a correct direction with the game code structures. What is your way of doing things in libgdx/cocos2d/flash?

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• Euler Problem 1 : Code Optimization / Alternatives [on hold]

  - by Sudhakar

  I am new bee into the world of Datastructures and algorithms from ground up. This is my attempt to learn. If the question is very plain/simple . Please bear with me. Problem: Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 below 1000. Code i worte: package problem1; public class Problem1 { public static void main(String[] args) { //******************Approach 1**************** long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); int total = 0; int toSubtract = 0; //Complexity N/3 int limit = 10000; for(int i=3 ; i<limit ;i=i+3){ total = total +i; } //Complexity N/5 for(int i=5 ; i<limit ;i=i+5){ total = total +i; } //Complexity N/15 for(int i=15 ; i<limit ;i=i+15){ toSubtract = toSubtract +i; } //9N/15 = 0.6 N System.out.println(total-toSubtract); System.out.println("Completed in "+(System.currentTimeMillis() - start)); //******************Approach 2**************** for(int i=3 ; i<limit ;i=i+3){ total = total +i; } for(int i=5 ; i<limit ;i=i+5){ if ( 0 != (i%3)) total = total +i; } } } Question 1 - Which best approach from the above code and why ? 2 - Are there any better alternatives ?

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• How to drastically improve code coverage?

  - by Peter Kofler

  I'm tasked with getting a legacy application under unit test. First some background about the application: It's a 600k LOC Java RCP code base with these major problems massive code duplication no encapsulation, most private data is accessible from outside, some of the business data also made singletons so it's not just changeable from outside but also from everywhere. no business model, business data is stored in Object[] and double[][], so no OO. There is a good regression test suite and an efficient QA team is testing and finding bugs. I know the techniques how to get it under test from classic books, e.g. Michael Feathers, but that's too slow. As there is a working regression test system I'm not afraid to aggressively refactor the system to allow unit tests to be written. How should I start to attack the problem to get some coverage quickly, so I'm able to show progress to management (and in fact to start earning from safety net of JUnit tests)? I do not want to employ tools to generate regression test suites, e.g. AgitarOne, because these tests do not test if something is correct.

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• Handy Tool for Code Cleanup: Automated Class Element Reordering

  - by Geertjan

  You're working on an application and this thought occurs to you: "Wouldn't it be cool if I could define rules specifying that all static members, initializers, and fields should always be at the top of the class? And then, whenever I wanted to, I'd start off a process that would actually do the reordering for me, moving class elements around, based on the rules I had defined, automatically, across one or more classes or packages or even complete code bases, all at the same time?" Well, here you go: That's where you can set rules for the ordering of your class members. A new hint (i.e., new in NetBeans IDE 7.3), which you need to enable yourself because by default it is disabled, let's the IDE show a hint in the Java Editor whenever there's code that isn't ordered according to the rules you defined: The first element in a file that the Java Editor identifies as not matching your rules gets a lightbulb hint shown in the left sidebar: Then, when you click the lightbulb, automatically the file is reordered according to your defined rules. However, it's not much fun going through each file individually to fix class elements as shown above. For that reason, you can go to "Refactor | Inspect and Transform". There, in the "Inspect and Transform" dialog, you can choose the hint shown above and then specify that you'd like it to be applied to a scope of your choice, which could be a file, a package, a project, combinations of these, or all of the open projects, as shown below: Then, when Inspect is clicked, the Refactoring window shows all the members that are ordered in ways that don't conform to your rules: Click "Do Refactoring" above and, in one fell swoop, all the class elements within the selected scope are ordered according to your rules.

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• INETA NorAm Component Code Challenge

  - by Chris Williams

  Want to win a trip to TechEd 2011? INETA NorAm is hosting a contest with our partners to see who can build an .NET application making effective use of reusable components to solve a problem. The Rules: Any .NET Application (WinForms, ASP.NET, WPF, Silverlight, Windows Phone 7, etc.) built in the last year (since 1/1/2010) using at least 1 component from at least 1 approved vendor. Then make a 3 - 5 minute Camtasia video showing your entry and describing what component(s) you used and why your application is cool. Our judges will review the submissions and the best two will win a scholarship to Tech·Ed 2011, May 16-19 in Atlanta GA including airfare, hotel, and conference pass. The Judging: Entries will be judged on four criteria: Effective use of a component to solve a problem/display data Innovative use of components Impact using components (i.e. reduction in lines of code written, increased productivity, etc.) Most creative use of a component. Timeline: Hurry! The submission deadline is March 15, 2011 at Midnight Eastern Standard Time. More information can be found on the INETA Component Code Challenge page: http://ineta.org/CodeChallenge/Default.aspx

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• Is 'Protection' an acceptable Java class name

  - by jonny

  This comes from a closed thread at stack overflow, where there are already some useful answers, though a commenter suggested I post here. I hope this is ok! I'm trying my best to write good readable, code, but often have doubts in my work! I'm creating some code to check the status of some protected software, and have created a class which has methods to check whether the software in use is licensed (there is a separate Licensing class). I've named the class 'Protection', which is currently accessed, via the creation of an appProtect object. The methods in the class allow to check a number of things about the application, in order to confirm that it is in fact licensed for use. Is 'Protection' an acceptable name for such a class? I read somewhere that if you have to think to long in names of methods, classes, objects etc, then perhaps you may not be coding in an Object Oriented way. I've spent a lot of time thinking about this before making this post, which has lead me to doubt the suitability of the name! In creating (and proof reading) this post, I'm starting to seriously doubt my work so far. I'm also thinking I should probably rename the object to applicationProtection rather than appProtect (though am open to any comments on this too?). I'm posting non the less, in the hope that I'll learn something from others views/opinions, even if they're simply confirming I've "done it wrong"!

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• Suggested HTTP REST status code for 'request limit reached'

  - by Andras Zoltan

  I'm putting together a spec for a REST service, part of which will incorporate the ability to throttle users service-wide and on groups of, or on individual, resources. Equally, time-outs for these would be configurable per resource/group/service. I'm just looking through the HTTP 1.1 spec and trying to decide how I will communicate to a client that a request will not be fulfilled because they've reached their limit. Initially I figured that client code 403 - Forbidden was the one, but this, from the spec: Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated bothered me. It actually appears that 503 - Service Unavailable is a better one to use - since it allows for the communication of a retry time through the use of the Retry-After header. It's possible that in the future I might look to support 'purchasing' more requests via eCommerce (in which case it would be nice if client code 402 - Payment Required had been finalized!) - but I figure that this could equally be squeezed into a 503 response too. Which do you think I should use? Or is there another I've not considered?

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• What exactly does the condition in the MIT license imply?

  - by Yannbane

  To quote the license itself: Copyright (C) [year] [copyright holders] Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. I am not exactly sure what the bold part implies. Lets say that I'm creating some library, and I license it under the MIT license. Someone decides to fork that library and to create a closed-source, commercial version. According to the license, he should be free to do that. However, what does he additionally need to do under those terms? Credit me as the creator? I guess the "above copyright notice" refers to the "Copyright (C) [..." part, but, wouldn't that list me as the author of his code (although I technically typed out the code)? And wouldn't including the "permission notice" in what is now his library practically license it under the same conditions that I licensed my own library in? Or, am I interpreting this incorrectly? Does that refer to my obligations to include the copyright and the permission notice?

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• Sharing business logic between server-side and client-side of web application?

  - by thoughtpunch

  Quick question concerning shared code/logic in back and front ends of a web application. I have a web application (Rails + heavy JS) that parses metadata from HTML pages fetched via a user supplied URL (think Pinterest or Instapaper). Currently this processing takes place exclusively on the client-side. The code that fetches the URL and parses the DOM is in a fairly large set of JS scripts in our Rails app. Occasionally want to do this processing on the server-side of the app. For example, what if a user supplied a URL but they have JS disabled or have a non-standard compliant browser, etc. Ideally I'd like to be able to process these URLS in Ruby on the back-end (in asynchronous background jobs perhaps) using the same logic that our JS parsers use WITHOUT porting the JS to Ruby. I've looked at systems that allow you to execute JS scripts in the backend like execjs as well as Ruby-to-Javascript compilers like OpalRB that would hopefully allow "write-once, execute many", but I'm not sure that either is the right decision. Whats the best way to avoid business logic duplication for apps that need to do both client-side and server-side processing of similar data?

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• Is there a Source Insight alternative?

  - by hansioux

  I am not a developer, but for my work I trace a lot of codes. It is actually rather difficult reading other people's code, especially for bigger projects. Source Insight is a great application that stores all the symbols in a data base, so you can see a new function being called, click on it and see how the function is written. You can see all the referrer of a object or jump to a caller. You don't need to break the train of thought and think up shell commands just to find these things every time you ran into a new variable/structure/function from some other files. I have it running on WINE, but there are little glitches that sometimes gets in the way. I know people will mention C-scope, I've tried it, but it really isn't the same. So, with so many huge open source projects out there for Ubuntu, are there native tools to help read them efficiently? EDIT: Thanks for the suggestions, but does CODE::BLOCKS or CodeLite provide abilities to see the function that the mouse clicked on without jumping to it, so I can see the caller and callee at the same time?

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• Is individual code ownership important?

  - by Jim Puls

  I'm in the midst of an argument with some coworkers over whether team ownership of the entire codebase is better than individual ownership of components of it. I'm a huge proponent of assigning every member of the team a roughly equal share of the codebase. It lets people take pride in their creation, gives the bug screeners an obvious first place to assign incoming tickets, and helps to alleviate "broken window syndrome". It also concentrates knowledge of specific functionality with one (or two) team members making bug fixes much easier. Most of all, it puts the final say on major decisions with one person who has a lot of input instead of with a committee. I'm not advocating for requiring permission if somebody else wants to change your code; maybe have the code review always be to the owner, sure. Nor am I suggesting building knowledge silos: there should be nothing exclusive about this ownership. But when suggesting this to my coworkers, I got a ton of pushback, certainly much more than I expected. So I ask the community: what are your opinions on working with a team on a large codebase? Is there something I'm missing about vigilantly maintaining collective ownership?

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• DDDNorth2 Bradford, 13th October 2012 - Async Patterns presentation and source code

  - by Liam Westley

  Many thanks to Andy Westgarth and his team for organising a fantastic conference at the rather elegant Bradford University School of Management. Also, a big congratulations to all the delegates who gave up there free time to come and hear us speak and who were, in general, enthusiastic and asked some cracking questions to keep us speakers on our toes. For those who attended my Async my source code and presentation are now available on GitHub, https://github.com/westleyl/DDDNorth2-AsyncPatterns If you are new to Git then the easiest client to install is GitHub for Windows, a graphical UI for accessing GitHub. Personally, I also have TortoiseGit installed – the file explorer add-in that works in a familiar manner to TortoiseSVN. As I mentioned during the presentation I have not included the sample data, the music files, in the source code placed on GitHub but I have included instructions on how to download them from http://silents.bandcamp.com and place them in the correct folders. What I forgot to mention is that Windows Media Player by default does not play Ogg Vorbis and Flac music files, however you can download the codec installer for these, for free, from http://xiph.org/dshow. I am planning to break down this little project into a series of blog posts, with each pattern being a single blog post over several weeks. In these I will flesh out the background behind the pattern, the basic goal being achieved and how to monitor the progress of the sample data being processed. Basically, what I said during the presentation and is missing from the slides.

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• Effective handling of variables in non-object oriented programming

  - by srnka

  What is the best method to use and share variables between functions in non object-oriented program languages? Let's say that I use 10 parameters from DB, ID and 9 other values linked to it. I need to work with all 10 parameters in many functions. I can do it next ways: 1. call functions only with using ID and in every function get the other parameters from DB. Advantage: local variables are clear visible, there is only one input parameter to function Disadvantage: it's slow and there are the same rows for getting parameters in every function, which makes function longer and not so clear 2. call functions with all 10 parameters Advantage: working with local variables, clear function code Disadvantage: many input parameters, what is not nice 3. getting parameters as global variables once and using them everywhere Advantage - clearer code, shorter functions, faster processing Disadvantage - global variables - loosing control of them, possibility of unwanted overwriting (Especially when some functions should change their values) Maybe there is some another way how to implement this and make program cleaner and more effective. Can you say which way is the best for solving this issue?

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• What is a good way to share internal helpers?

  - by toplel32

  All my projects share the same base library that I have build up over quite some time. It contains utilities and static helper classes to assist them where .NET doesn't exactly offer what I want. Originally all the helpers were written mainly to serve an internal purpose and it has to stay that way, but sometimes they prove very useful to other assemblies. Now making them public in a reliable way is more complicated than most would think, for example all methods that assume nullable types must now contain argument checking while not charging internal utilities with the price of doing so. The price might be negligible, but it is far from right. While refactoring, I have revised this case multiple times and I've come up with the following solutions so far: Have an internal and public class for each helper The internal class contains the actual code while the public class serves as an access point which does argument checking. Cons: The internal class requires a prefix to avoid ambiguity (the best presentation should be reserved for public types) It isn't possible to discriminate methods that don't need argument checking   Have one class that contains both internal and public members (as conventionally implemented in .NET framework). At first, this might sound like the best possible solution, but it has the same first unpleasant con as solution 1. Cons: Internal methods require a prefix to avoid ambiguity   Have an internal class which is implemented by the public class that overrides any members that require argument checking. Cons: Is non-static, atleast one instantiation is required. This doesn't really fit into the helper class idea, since it generally consists of independent fragments of code, it should not require instantiation. Non-static methods are also slower by a negligible degree, which doesn't really justify this option either. There is one general and unavoidable consequence, alot of maintenance is necessary because every internal member will require a public counterpart. A note on solution 1: The first consequence can be avoided by putting both classes in different namespaces, for example you can have the real helper in the root namespace and the public helper in a namespace called "Helpers".

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• Source code not matching uploaded HTML file

  - by benhowdle89

  I'm not sure if this is the right place to ask but i'm having a hugely frustrating problem with Coda and my website (i'm not sure which one is causing the issue) I'm using Coda to make changes to my website, Coda uses built in FTP to save changes to your web page. So when you hit Save, it uploads the new file. I've been using Coda for months and never had a problem until now. I am making changes in the html of my index.php and hitting save, it's successfully uploading the file but no changes are reflected in the source code in ANY browser. I even logged into cPanel on my website, ie. www.example.com:2082 and looked at the file - the changes have been made successfully. But the actual webpage in browser's source code, no changes?? I have tried adding which made no difference. Interestingly i make changes to style.css and the changes are instant. I have emptied the cache on all of my browsers but i'm still having an issue. Does this sound like a Coda problem or has anyone heard of such a thing?

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• Is individual code ownership important?

  - by Jim Puls

  I'm in the midst of an argument with some coworkers over whether team ownership of the entire codebase is better than individual ownership of components of it. I'm a huge proponent of assigning every member of the team a roughly equal share of the codebase. It lets people take pride in their creation, gives the bug screeners an obvious first place to assign incoming tickets, and helps to alleviate "broken window syndrome". It also concentrates knowledge of specific functionality with one (or two) team members making bug fixes much easier. Most of all, it puts the final say on major decisions with one person who has a lot of input instead of with a committee. I'm not advocating for requiring permission if somebody else wants to change your code; maybe have the code review always be to the owner, sure. Nor am I suggesting building knowledge silos: there should be nothing exclusive about this ownership. But when suggesting this to my coworkers, I got a ton of pushback, certainly much more than I expected. So I ask the community: what are your opinions on working with a team on a large codebase? Is there something I'm missing about vigilantly maintaining collective ownership?

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• What did Rich Hickey mean when he said, "All that specificity [of interfaces/classes/types] kills your reuse!"

  - by GlenPeterson

  In Rich Hickey's thought-provoking goto conference keynote "The Value of Values" at 29 minutes he's talking about the overhead of a language like Java and makes a statement like, "All those interfaces kill your reuse." What does he mean? Is that true? In my search for answers, I have run across: The Principle of Least Knowledge AKA The Law of Demeter which encourages airtight API interfaces. Wikipedia also lists some disadvantages. Kevlin Henney's Imperial Clothing Crisis which argues that use, not reuse is the appropriate goal. Jack Diederich's "Stop Writing Classes" talk which argues against over-engineering in general. Clearly, anything written badly enough will be useless. But how would the interface of a well-written API prevent that code from being used? There are examples throughout history of something made for one purpose being used more for something else. But in the software world, if you use something for a purpose it wasn't intended for, it usually breaks. I'm looking for one good example of a good interface preventing a legitimate but unintended use of some code. Does that exist? I can't picture it.

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• Problems when rendering code on Nvidia GPU

  - by 2am

  I am following OpenGL GLSL cookbook 4.0, I have rendered a tesselated quad, as you see in the screenshot below, and i am moving Y coordinate of every vertex using a time based sin function as given in the code in the book. This program, as you see on the text in the image, runs perfectly on built in Intel HD graphics of my processor, but i have Nvidia GT 555m graphics in my laptop, (which by the way has switchable graphics) when I run the program on the graphic card, the OpenGL shader compilation fails. It fails on following instruction.. pos.y = sin.waveAmp * sin(u); giving error Error C1105 : Cannot call a non-function I know this error is coming on the sin(u) function which you see in the instruction. I am not able to understand why? When i removed sin(u) from the code, the program ran fine on Nvidia card. Its running with sin(u) fine on Intel HD 3000 graphics. Also, if you notice the program is almost unusable with intel HD 3000 graphics, I am getting only 9FPS, which is not enough. Its too much load for intel HD 3000. So, sin(X) function is not defined in the OpenGL specification given by Nvidia drivers or something else??

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• can't install anything ,getting error "Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)"

  - by soum

  i am getting error whenever tring to install or update anything. "Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)" please help me i am just stopped with my ubuntu 11.10. no installation or update. th unknown argument `triggered' dpkg: error processing mtools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Processing triggers for network-manager-pptp-gnome ... No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already postinst called with unknown argument `triggered' dpkg: error processing network-manager-pptp-gnome (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Processing triggers for network-manager-pptp ... postinst called with unknown argument triggered' dpkg: error processing network-manager-pptp (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Processing triggers for network-manager-gnome ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/network-manager-gnome.postinst called with unknown argumenttriggered' dpkg: error processing network-manager-gnome (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Processing triggers for network-manager ... No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already /var/lib/dpkg/info/network-manager.postinst called with unknown argument triggered' dpkg: error processing network-manager (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Processing triggers for mscompress ... postinst called with unknown argumenttriggered' dpkg: error processing mscompress (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: netbase mtr-tiny module-init-tools mountmanager mono-4.0-gac mousetweaks mozilla-plugin-vlc mtools network-manager-pptp-gnome network-manager-pptp network-manager-gnome network-manager mscompress E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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• Need Help Hiring a Perfectionist Programmer [closed]

  - by Bryan Hadaway

  I understand my question may be in the gray area, but I'm not able to use the Meta to ask if this question is appropriate or not so I'll simply have to risk it. My project is complete in the sense that it's a fully functional, ready to go 1.0 version. However, that's not good enough for my standards. My expertise is in HTML/CSS, not jQuery and PHP. I'm looking for someone to refine every character of my code for quality, speed, security and compatibility. I want everything to be as bug free as possible for launch. So I need an expert programmer who's a perfectionist in their coding who cares about the quality of their work (not just making it work) to review and refine my code. I'm sure I can't outright post the project's details and hope for interested parties to contact me as that wouldn't be beneficial to the community so instead I'm looking for advice from programmers about where some of best places to hire quality programmers are and the best strategies to hire the right programmer. In other words, screening applicants off of craigslist isn't going to cut it for this project. Thanks

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• Using nested public classes to organize constants

  - by FrustratedWithFormsDesigner

  I'm working on an application with many constants. At the last code review it came up that the constants are too scattered and should all be organized into a single "master" constants file. The disagreement is about how to organize them. The majority feel that using the constant name should be good enough, but this will lead to code that looks like this: public static final String CREDITCARD_ACTION_SUBMITDATA = "6767"; public static final String CREDITCARD_UIFIELDID_CARDHOLDER_NAME = "3959854"; public static final String CREDITCARD_UIFIELDID_EXPIRY_MONTH = "3524"; public static final String CREDITCARD_UIFIELDID_ACCOUNT_ID = "3524"; ... public static final String BANKPAYMENT_UIFIELDID_ACCOUNT_ID = "9987"; I find this type of naming convention to be cumbersome. I thought it might be easier to use public nested class, and have something like this: public class IntegrationSystemConstants { public class CreditCard { public static final String UI_EXPIRY_MONTH = "3524"; public static final String UI_ACCOUNT_ID = "3524"; ... } public class BankAccount { public static final String UI_ACCOUNT_ID = "9987"; ... } } This idea wasn't well received because it was "too complicated" (I didn't get much detail as to why this might be too complicated). I think this creates a better division between groups of related constants and the auto-complete makes it easier to find these as well. I've never seen this done though, so I'm wondering if this is an accepted practice or if there's better reasons that it shouldn't be done.

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• Basic SDL2 Code which "Stop working" when calling SDL_Quit() [migrated]

  - by Rivten

  So I got into SDL2 with C++ quite recently and I did this very simple code : int main(int argc, char** argv) { SDL_Event *event; bool done = false; if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) { std::cerr << "Problèmes pour initialiser la SDL : " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl; return 1; } SDL_Window *window = 0; window = SDL_CreateWindow("Mopion", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, WIDTH, HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN); if(window == 0) { done = true; } while(!done) { while(SDL_PollEvent(event)) { switch(event->type) { case SDL_QUIT: done = true; break; case SDL_KEYUP: if(event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_q) { done = true; } break; default: break; } } } SDL_DestroyWindow(window); SDL_Quit(); return 0; } While that code executes at first quite well, when I hit the "Q" key, the window closes but I got a Windows Error Window saying that "My program stopped working." which is not very convenient. Using the debugger, I found that everything is fine until SDL_Quit() is called. Anyone has any idea why this is going on ? Thanks a lot !

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• Google Code C++ [closed]

  - by JacKeown

  I was on this website: http://code.google.com/edu/languages/cpp/basics/getting-started.html#learn-by-example and I saw this code: // Description: Illustrate the use of cin to get input // and how to recover from errors. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int input_var = 0; // Enter the do while loop and stay there until either // a non-numeric is entered, or -1 is entered. Note that // cin will accept any integer, 4, 40, 400, etc. do { cout << "Enter a number (-1 = quit): "; // The following line accepts input from the keyboard into // variable input_var. // cin returns false if an input operation fails, that is, if // something other than an int (the type of input_var) is entered. if (!(cin >> input_var)) { cout << "Please enter numbers only." << endl; cin.clear(); cin.ignore(10000,'\n'); } if (input_var != -1) { cout << "You entered " << input_var << endl; } } while (input_var != -1); cout << "All done." << endl; return 0; } I was wondering... what is the significance of cin.clear() and cin.ignore() ...and also why the 10000 and /n parameters are necessary...?...

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• Linking LLVM JIT Code to Static LLVM Libraries?

  - by inflector

  I'm in the process of implementing a cross-platform (Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux) application which will do lots of CPU intensive analysis of financial data. The bulk of the analysis engine will be written in C++ for speed reasons, with a user-accessible scripting engine interfacing with the C++ testing engine. I want to write several scripting front-ends over time to emulate other popular software with existing large user bases. The first front will be a VisualBasic-like scripting language. I'm thinking that LLVM would be perfect for my needs. Performance is very important because of the sheer amount of data; it can take hours or days to run a single run of tests to get an answer. I believe that using LLVM will also allow me to use a single back-end solution while I implement different front-ends for different flavors of the scripting language over time. The testing engine itself will be separated from the interface and testing will even take place in a separate process with progress and results being reported to the testing management interface. Tests will consist of scripting code integrated with the testing engine code. In a previous implementation of a similar commercial testing system I wrote, I built a fast interpreter which easily interfaced with the testing library because it was written in C++ and linked directly to the testing engine library. Callbacks from scripting code to testing library objects involved translating between the formats with significant overhead. I'm imagining that with LLVM, I could implement the callbacks into C++ directly so that I could make the scripting code work almost as if it had been written in C++. Likewise, if all the code was compiled to LLVM byte-code format, it seems like the LLVM optimizers could optimize across the boundaries between the scripting language and the testing engine code that was written in C++. I don't want to have to compile the testing engine every time. Ideally, I'd like to JIT compile only the scripting code. For small tests, I'd skip some optimization passes, while for large tests, I'd perform full optimizations during the link. So is this possible? Can I precompile the testing engine to a .o object file or .a library file and then link in the scripting code using the JIT? Finally, ideally, I'd like to have the scripting code implement specific methods as subclasses for a specific C++ class. So the C++ testing engine would only see C++ objects while the JIT setup code compiled scripting code that implemented some of the methods for the objects. It seems that if I used the right name mangling algorithm it would be relatively easy to set up the LLVM generation for the scripting language to look like a C++ method call which could then be linked into the testing engine. Thus the linking stage would go in two directions, calls from the scripting language into the testing engine objects to retrieve pricing information and test state information and calls from the testing engine of methods of some particular C++ objects where the code was supplied not from C++ but from the scripting language. In summary: 1) Can I link in precompiled (either .bc, .o, or .a) files as part of the JIT compilation, code-generation process? 2) Can I link in code using that the process in 1) above in such a way that I am able to create code that acts as if it was all written in C++?

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• How can I assert from Python C code?

  - by Joe

  I'm writing a Python class in C and I want to put assertions in my debug code. assert.h suits me fine. This only gets put in debug compiles so there's no chance of an assert failure impacting a user of the Python code*. I'm trying to divide my 'library' code (which should be separate to the code linked against Python) so I can use it from other C code. My Python methods are therefore thinnish wrappers around my pure-C code. So I can't do this in my 'library' code: if (black == white) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Remap failed"); } because this pollutes my pure-C code with Python. It's also far uglier than a simple assert(black != white); I believe that the Distutils compiler always sets NDEBUG, which means I can't use assert.h even in debug builds. Mac OS and Linux. Help! *one argument I've heard against asserting in C code called from Python.

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