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• Learning about BIOS memory, instructions and code origins

  - by m3taspl0it

  I'm learning about the BIOS and have a few questions. What is meant by, "This is the last 16 bytes of memory at the end of the first megabyte of memory"? The first instruction of BIOS is jump, which jumps to the main BIOS program, but where does it jump? Where does the original BIOS code originate? I'm also interested in POST? How are POST signals executed by the processor?

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• Midsize Indepth Newsletter: Modern Innovation: Best Practices, Smart Cloud, Oracle Database In-Memory

  - by Catalin Teodor

  In the latest issue of the Oracle Midsize InDepth Newsletter, Steve Cox, vice president of Oracle Midsize Programs, reveals the smart path for growing companies to adopt modern best practices. This newsletter also includes the latest videos, webcasts, media buzz, and customer stories. Share with your partners today!

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• Copy to USB memory stick really slow?

  - by Eloff

  When I copy files to the USB device, it takes much longer than in windows (same usb device, same port) it's faster than USB 1.0 speeds (1MB/s) but much slower than USB 2.0 speeds (12MB/s). To copy 1.8GB takes me over 10 minutes (it should be < 3 min.) I have two identical SanDisk Cruzer 8GB sticks, and I have the same problem with both. I have a super talent 32GB USB SSD in the neighboring port and it works at expected speeds. The problem I seem to see in the GUI is that the progress bar goes to 90% almost instantly, completes to 100% a little slower and then hangs there for 10 minutes. Interrupting the copy at this point seems to result in corruption at the tail end of the file. If I wait for it to complete the copy is successful. Any ideas? dmesg output below: [64059.432309] usb 2-1.2: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci_hcd [64059.526419] scsi8 : usb-storage 2-1.2:1.0 [64060.529071] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SanDisk Cruzer 1.14 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [64060.530834] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0 [64060.531925] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] 15633408 512-byte logical blocks: (8.00 GB/7.45 GiB) [64060.533419] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off [64060.533428] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00 [64060.534319] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page present [64060.534327] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through [64060.537988] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page present [64060.537995] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through [64060.541290] sdd: sdd1 [64060.544617] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] No Caching mode page present [64060.544619] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through [64060.544621] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk

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• Memory allocation strategy for the vertex buffers (DirectX 10/11)

  - by Alex

  I have the following question. I write CAD system. So I have a 3D scene and there are many different objects (walls, doors, windows and so on). User can add or delete some objects. The question is: how can I organise the keeping of vertices for all my objects. I can create vertex buffer for every object. But I think drawing/switching from one buffer to another would have performance penalty. Another way - I can create several big buffers for every object type. But I don't understand how to update such buffers. It is too big to update whole buffer (for example buffer for all walls). What I need to do if I want to delete the object from the middle of the buffer? Actually I have the similar question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5515700/how-to-properly-update-vertex-buffers-in-directx-10 Most examples I've found work with very static models. Therefore, they tend to create a single vertex buffer with their list of points, and then are just manipulated by matrix transformations. I, on the other hand, will be updating the scene very often.

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• How to tune system settings for mongoDB on Linux?

  - by jsh

  Trying to squeeze a lot out of one question here -- please bear with me. Although the MongoDB man pages make several useful recommendations about system settings like ulimit (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/), and other production factors (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/administration/production-notes/) they seem mysteriously silent on things like virtual memory and swap settings. The closest we get to a hint is that "...the operating system’s virtual memory subsystem manages MongoDB’s memory..." (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/faq/fundamentals/#does-mongodb-require-a-lot-of-ram). Running the same job - high writes and high reads on about 10,000,000 records in a single collection -- on my 4-processor, 4GB RAM macbook and an 8-core ubuntu box with 64GB RAM I saw dramatically WORSE read performance on the linux box with factory settings, and could hear the disk constantly spinning, indicating high I/O and presumably swapping. Yes, other things were happening on the box, but there was plenty of free RAM, disk space, etc.; furthermore, I did not see evidence that Mongo was expanding to take advantage of all that free RAM as it is touted to do. Linux box default settings were as follows: vm.swappiness =60 vm.dirty_background_ratio = 10 vm.dirty_ratio = 20 vm.dirty_expire_centisecs =3000 vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=500 I hazarded some guesses looking at docs and blogs for other types of databases (Oracle, MYSQL, etc.), experimented, and adjusted as below. vm.swappiness=10 vm.dirty_background_ratio=5 vm.dirty_ratio=5 vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs=250 vm.dirty_expire_centisecs=500 I saw some immediate apparent improvements in read time. However, when I ran my test jobs again, read performance continued to be painfully sluggish during heavy writes. Then, I REBUILT the collection from an available data source - and suddenly I can read at 1ms or less per record WHILE doing the write job! So the question is really two-fold: 1) What are appropriate VM settings for MongoDB on Linux? 2) (bonus) Does Mongo do some checking or optimization with the OS while data is being built? In other words, if I have built a large data set with suboptimal VM or I/O settings, does Mongo make assumptions during the memory-mapping process that will fail to take advantage of optimizations down the road? Obviously I don't fully grok memory mapping under the hood (I was hoping I wouldn't have to). Any help appreciated...thanks! -j

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• NK2 files doesn't keep the email addresses in memory

  - by r0ca

  When I send an email to someone outside the firm, when I only type the first letters of its name (Contact), I get the auto-suggest of the "Already-sent" users. So now, since a few days, the emails are not kept in memory by Outlook (NK2 file). I see that that file is only 2kb and on my old machine, it's almost 200kb (So a lot more email addresses kept in memory) Should I just rebuilt the Outlook profile or the whole Windows Profile? A simple Outlook reinstall or to build a new PC?

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• Fail2ban memory usage

  - by ltsstar

  Since my server is under a sustain DNS amplification attack (DDOS), I configured fail2ban and initially my outgoing traffic dropped markedly. Anyway, after a few hours (mostly +10), fail2ban uses about 75% ram and seems to be crashed in some way, because the outgoing traffic raises imediatly after. When I searched the web for the memory problem, I found some people complaining about high fail2ban memory usages as well. But the recommended solution, to insert an ulimit command into a fail2ban config file, did not change that much for me.

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• Memory upgrade for Toshiba P20 S203?

  - by pjc50

  I've had an offer of a 256MB PC2700 SODIMM, apparently from an iBook, to upgrade a Toshiba laptop. Is that suitable? I've seen "DDR 266 SODIMM" on sale as the official upgrade memory. How in general should I work this out? I've long since lost track of what memory goes with what system.

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• Enabling Squid delay pool eats up the entire memory

  - by Supratik

  I am using "squid-3.1.8-1.el5" in my CentOS 5 32 bit system. In normal condition Squid uses 85m - 90m, but when I enable the delay pool parameters the memory usage suddenly rise up 2GB. The memory keeps on increasing until the system is out of resource. The following are my delay pool settings: delay_pools 1 delay_class 1 1 delay_access 1 allow all delay_parameters 1 192000/192000 Is there anything I am missing here or is it a bug with Squid ?

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• Shared memory multiprocesses

  - by poly

  I'm building an multi processes application and I need to save session ID, the sessions ID is 32 bit, and of course it can't be used twice in its lifetime, I'm currently using DB that saves all the ID in a table, and I do the following, ID table is (int key, char used(1)) //1 is used, 0 is not 1. lock table 2. get one key for one sessions 3. update used field in it to used 4. unlock After the session is finished the process use below to free key, 1. lock table 2. update used field in it to not used 4. unlock I'm really wondering whether this is a good/fast implementation. and please note it's multi processes application.

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• Apache with mod_php high memory utilization

  - by Raj

  We have Magento application deployed on Apache with mod_php and mysql. I have observed that sometime apache server starts consuming high memory which causes memory swapping and results in high load on servers. whenever there is high load on apache server, the apache processes which are causing the high load were in sleep mode at mysql end and CLOSE_WAIT state at client side. Any help is appreciated to resolve this issue.

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• gvfsd takes up too much memory

  - by Tim

  Hi, On my Ubuntu 8.10, gvfsd takes up 128.6MB memory. What is the process doing actually? Can I reduce the memory it takes? Thanks and regards!

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• Windows XP maximum memory - reduced by graphics card memory?

  - by John C

  I've seen occasional references that claimed a graphics card's video memory was part of Windows XP's memory address space - is that true? If you have 4GB on an XP system, and add a 1GB graphics card, does that mean Windows only has 3GB for programs?

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• Oracle présente sa solution « in-memory » pour concurrencer SAP et Microsoft, l'option sera disponible avec Oracle Database 12c dans un mois

  Oracle présente sa solution « in-memory » pour concurrencer SAP et Microsoft l'option sera disponible avec Oracle Database 12c dans un moisDans le secteur des bases de données, la tendance est à la course aux performances avec la nouvelle option « in-Memory », un concept qui consiste à mettre en cache les données traitées par les applications plutôt que, par exemple, de faire des appels à un serveur.SAP a été le pionnier des solutions in-memory avec sa solution « SAP in-memory » incluse dans la...

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• The amount of memory used by each process

  - by tuxsmouf

  I have a mysql server running debian with 2GO of RAM. I would like to know the amount of memory used by each process. I thought ps -aux was the command and options for it. But I only see 90 MO used by several processes and free -m tells me that 1400 MO are used. Is there a way to have a better view with the processes and the memory used by them ?

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• Hard crash when drawing content for CALayer using quartz

  - by Lukasz

  I am trying to figure out why iOS crash my application in the harsh way (no crash logs, immediate shudown with black screen of death with spinner shown for a while). It happens when I render content for CALayer using Quartz. I suspected the memory issue (happens only when testing on the device), but memory logs, as well as instruments allocation logs looks quite OK. Let me past in the fatal function: - (void)renderTiles{ if (rendering) { //NSLog(@"====== RENDERING TILES SKIP ======="); return; } rendering = YES; CGRect b = tileLayer.bounds; CGSize s = b.size; CGFloat imageScale = [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale]; s.height *= imageScale; s.width *= imageScale; dispatch_async(queue, ^{ NSLog(@""); NSLog(@"====== RENDERING TILES START ======="); NSLog(@"1. Before creating context"); report_memory(); CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); NSLog(@"2. After creating color space"); report_memory(); NSLog(@"3. About to create context with size: %@", NSStringFromCGSize(s)); CGContextRef ctx = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL, s.width, s.height, 8, 0, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast); NSLog(@"4. After creating context"); report_memory(); CGAffineTransform flipTransform = CGAffineTransformMake(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, s.height); CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, flipTransform); CGRect tileRect = CGRectMake(0, 0, tileImageScaledSize.width, tileImageScaledSize.height); CGContextDrawTiledImage(ctx, tileRect, tileCGImageScaled); NSLog(@"5. Before creating cgimage from context"); report_memory(); CGImageRef cgImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctx); NSLog(@"6. After creating cgimage from context"); report_memory(); dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ tileLayer.contents = (id)cgImage; }); NSLog(@"7. After asgning tile layer contents = cgimage"); report_memory(); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace); CGContextRelease(ctx); CGImageRelease(cgImage); NSLog(@"8. After releasing image and context context"); report_memory(); NSLog(@"====== RENDERING TILES END ======="); NSLog(@""); rendering = NO; }); } Here are the logs: ====== RENDERING TILES START ======= 1. Before creating context Memory in use (in bytes): 28340224 / 519442432 (5.5%) 2. After creating color space Memory in use (in bytes): 28340224 / 519442432 (5.5%) 3. About to create context with size: {6324, 5208} 4. After creating context Memory in use (in bytes): 28344320 / 651268096 (4.4%) 5. Before creating cgimage from context Memory in use (in bytes): 153649152 / 651333632 (23.6%) 6. After creating cgimage from context Memory in use (in bytes): 153649152 / 783159296 (19.6%) 7. After asgning tile layer contents = cgimage Memory in use (in bytes): 153653248 / 783253504 (19.6%) 8. After releasing image and context context Memory in use (in bytes): 21688320 / 651288576 (3.3%) ====== RENDERING TILES END ======= Application crashes in random places. Sometimes when reaching en of the function and sometime in random step. Which direction should I look for a solution? Is is possible that GDC is causing the problem? Or maybe the context size or some Core Animation underlying references?

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• How do i mount my SD Card? I am using ubuntu 10.04

  - by shobhit

  root@shobhit:/media# lsusb Bus 002 Device 017: ID 14cd:125c Super Top Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0c45:6421 Microdia Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 011: ID 413c:8160 Dell Computer Corp. Bus 001 Device 006: ID 413c:8162 Dell Computer Corp. Bus 001 Device 005: ID 413c:8161 Dell Computer Corp. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 138a:0008 DigitalPersona, Inc Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0a5c:4500 Broadcom Corp. BCM2046B1 USB 2.0 Hub (part of BCM2046 Bluetooth) Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub root@shobhit:/home/shobhit/scripts/internalUtilities# sudo lspci -v -nn 00:1a.0 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller [8086:3b3c] (rev 06) (prog-if 20) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 Memory at fbc08000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [58] Debug port: BAR=1 offset=00a0 Capabilities: [98] PCIe advanced features <?> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1d.0 USB Controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller [8086:3b34] (rev 06) (prog-if 20) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 23 Memory at fbc07000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [58] Debug port: BAR=1 offset=00a0 Capabilities: [98] PCIe advanced features <?> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1e.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge [8086:2448] (rev a6) (prog-if 01) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=20, subordinate=20, sec-latency=32 Capabilities: [50] Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] 00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller [8086:3b0b] (rev 06) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: [e0] Vendor Specific Information <?> Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt 00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 6 port SATA AHCI Controller [8086:3b2f] (rev 06) (prog-if 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 29 I/O ports at f070 [size=8] I/O ports at f060 [size=4] I/O ports at f050 [size=8] I/O ports at f040 [size=4] I/O ports at f020 [size=32] Memory at fbc06000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: [80] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit- Queue=0/0 Enable+ Capabilities: [70] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [a8] SATA HBA <?> Capabilities: [b0] PCIe advanced features <?> Kernel driver in use: ahci Kernel modules: ahci 00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller [8086:3b30] (rev 06) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 3 Memory at fbc05000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] I/O ports at f000 [size=32] Kernel modules: i2c-i801 00:1f.6 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem [8086:3b32] (rev 06) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 3 Memory at fbc04000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [80] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit- Queue=0/0 Enable- 12:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:4727] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0010] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at fbb00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [48] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number cb-c0-8b-ff-ff-38-00-00 Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl 13:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller [10ec:8168] (rev 03) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:0441] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 28 I/O ports at e000 [size=256] Memory at d0b04000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K] Memory at d0b00000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K] Expansion ROM at fba00000 [disabled] [size=128K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [50] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable+ Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 01 Capabilities: [ac] MSI-X: Enable- Mask- TabSize=4 Capabilities: [cc] Vital Product Data <?> Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [140] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 00-e0-4c-68-00-00-00-03 Kernel driver in use: r8169 Kernel modules: r8169 root@shobhit:/home/shobhit/scripts/internalUtilities# sudo lshw shobhit description: Portable Computer product: Vostro 3500 vendor: Dell Inc. version: A10 serial: FV1L3N1 width: 32 bits capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 smp-1.4 smp configuration: boot=normal chassis=portable cpus=2 uuid=44454C4C-5600-1031-804C-C6C04F334E31 *-core description: Motherboard product: 0G2R51 vendor: Dell Inc. physical id: 0 version: A10 serial: .FV1L3N1.CN7016612H00PW. slot: To Be Filled By O.E.M. *-cpu:0 description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 480 @ 2.67GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: 6.5.5 serial: 0002-0655-0000-0000-0000-0000 slot: CPU 1 size: 1197MHz capacity: 2926MHz width: 64 bits clock: 533MHz capabilities: boot fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm ida arat tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid cpufreq configuration: id=4 *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1-Cache size: 64KiB capacity: 64KiB capabilities: internal write-back unified *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 6 slot: L2-Cache size: 512KiB capacity: 512KiB capabilities: internal varies unified *-cache:2 description: L3 cache physical id: 7 slot: L3-Cache size: 3MiB capacity: 3MiB capabilities: internal varies unified *-logicalcpu:0 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.1 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:1 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.2 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:2 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.3 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:3 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.4 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:4 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.5 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:5 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.6 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:6 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.7 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:7 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.8 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:8 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.9 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:9 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.a width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:10 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.b width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:11 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.c width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:12 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.d width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:13 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.e width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:14 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.f width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:15 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.10 width: 64 bits capabilities: logical *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 1d slot: System board or motherboard size: 3GiB *-bank:0 description: DIMM Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: HMT112S6TFR8C-H9 vendor: AD80 physical id: 0 serial: 5525C935 slot: DIMM_A size: 1GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:1 description: DIMM Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: HMT125S6TFR8C-H9 vendor: AD80 physical id: 1 serial: 3441D6CA slot: DIMM_B size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Dell Inc. physical id: 0 version: A10 (10/25/2010) size: 64KiB capacity: 1984KiB capabilities: mca pci upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb zipboot biosbootspecification *-cpu:1 physical id: 1 bus info: cpu@1 version: 6.5.5 serial: 0002-0655-0000-0000-0000-0000 size: 1197MHz capacity: 1197MHz capabilities: vmx ht cpufreq configuration: id=4 *-logicalcpu:0 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.1 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:1 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.2 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:2 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.3 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:3 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.4 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:4 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.5 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:5 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.6 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:6 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.7 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:7 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.8 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:8 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.9 capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:9 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.a capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:10 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.b capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:11 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.c capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:12 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.d capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:13 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.e capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:14 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.f capabilities: logical *-logicalcpu:15 description: Logical CPU physical id: 4.10 capabilities: logical *-pci description: Host bridge product: Core Processor DRAM Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 18 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 18 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:30 memory:fac00000-faffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff(prefetchable) ioport:f080(size=8) *-communication UNCLAIMED description: Communication controller product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 16 bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0 version: 06 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fbc09000-fbc0900f *-usb:0 description: USB Controller product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1a bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:fbc08000-fbc083ff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 06 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=HDA Intel latency=0 resources: irq:22 memory:fbc00000-fbc03fff *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:24 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:bc000000-bc1fffff memory:bc200000-bc3fffff(prefetchable) *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:25 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:fbb00000-fbbfffff memory:bc400000-bc5fffff(prefetchable) *-network description: Wireless interface product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:12:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: c0:cb:38:8b:aa:d8 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.60.48.36 ip=10.0.1.50 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11 resources: irq:17 memory:fbb00000-fbb03fff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:26 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:fba00000-fbafffff ioport:d0b00000(size=1048576) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:13:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 03 serial: 78:2b:cb:cc:0e:2a size: 10MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10MB/s resources: irq:28 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:d0b04000-d0b04fff(prefetchable) memory:d0b00000-d0b03fff(prefetchable) memory:fba00000-fba1ffff(prefetchable) *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 5 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.4 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.4 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:27 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:fb000000-fb9fffff ioport:d0000000(size=10485760) *-usb:1 description: USB Controller product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:fbc07000-fbc073ff *-pci:4 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: a6 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci bus_master cap_list *-isa description: ISA bridge product: Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-storage description: SATA controller product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 logical name: scsi0 logical name: scsi1 version: 06 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:29 ioport:f070(size=8) ioport:f060(size=4) ioport:f050(size=8) ioport:f040(size=4) ioport:f020(size=32) memory:fbc06000-fbc067ff *-disk description: ATA Disk product: WDC WD3200BEKT-7 vendor: Western Digital physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 01.0 serial: WD-WX21AC0W1945 size: 298GiB (320GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=77e3ed41 *-volume:0 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 version: 3.1 serial: aa69-51c0 size: 98MiB capacity: 100MiB capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2012-04-03 02:00:15 filesystem=ntfs label=System Reserved state=clean *-volume:1 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 version: 3.1 serial: 9854ff5c-1dea-a147-84a6-624e758f44b8 size: 48GiB capacity: 48GiB capabilities: primary ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2012-04-10 13:55:31 filesystem=ntfs modified_by_chkdsk=true mounted_on_nt4=true resize_log_file=true state=dirty upgrade_on_mount=true *-volume:2 description: Extended partition physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 size: 48GiB capacity: 48GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume:0 description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 1952MiB capabilities: nofs *-logicalvolume:1 description: Linux filesystem partition physical id: 6 logical name: /dev/sda6 logical name: / capacity: 46GiB configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,barrier=1,data=ordered state=mounted *-volume:3 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 4 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4 logical name: /dev/sda4 logical name: /media/56AA8094AA807273 version: 3.1 serial: 22a29e8d-56c7-9a4a-adea-528103948f6d size: 200GiB capacity: 200GiB capabilities: primary ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2012-04-02 20:17:15 filesystem=ntfs modified_by_chkdsk=true mount.fstype=fuseblk mount.options=rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096 mounted_on_nt4=true resize_log_file=true state=mounted upgrade_on_mount=true *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD+-RW TS-L633J vendor: TSSTcorp physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/scd0 logical name: /dev/sr0 version: D200 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 06 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fbc05000-fbc050ff ioport:f000(size=32) *-generic UNCLAIMED description: Signal processing controller product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.6 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.6 version: 06 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:fbc04000-fbc04fff *-scsi physical id: 2 bus info: usb@2:1.1 logical name: scsi15 capabilities: emulated scsi-host configuration: driver=usb-storage *-disk description: SCSI Disk physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@15:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sdb I have tried all options like fdisk /dev/sdb , pmount /dev/sdb but nothing is working .Pls guide me

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• How'd they do it: Millions of tiles in Terraria

  - by William 'MindWorX' Mariager

  I've been working up a game engine similar to Terraria, mostly as a challenge, and while I've figured out most of it, I can't really seem to wrap my head around how they handle the millions of interactable/harvestable tiles the game has at one time. Creating around 500.000 tiles, that is 1/20th of what's possible in Terraria, in my engine causes the frame-rate to drop from 60 to around 20, even tho I'm still only rendering the tiles in view. Mind you, I'm not doing anything with the tiles, only keeping them in memory. Update: Code added to show how I do things. This is part of a class, which handles the tiles and draws them. I'm guessing the culprit is the "foreach" part, which iterates everything, even empty indexes. ... public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { foreach (Tile tile in this.Tiles) { if (tile != null) { if (tile.Position.X < -this.Offset.X + 32) continue; if (tile.Position.X > -this.Offset.X + 1024 - 48) continue; if (tile.Position.Y < -this.Offset.Y + 32) continue; if (tile.Position.Y > -this.Offset.Y + 768 - 48) continue; tile.Draw(spriteBatch, gameTime); } } } ... Also here is the Tile.Draw method, which could also do with an update, as each Tile uses four calls to the SpriteBatch.Draw method. This is part of my autotiling system, which means drawing each corner depending on neighboring tiles. texture_* are Rectangles, are set once at level creation, not each update. ... public virtual void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { if (this.type == TileType.TileSet) { spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position, texture_tl, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(8, 0), texture_tr, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(0, 8), texture_bl, this.BlendColor); spriteBatch.Draw(this.texture, this.realm.Offset + this.Position + new Vector2(8, 8), texture_br, this.BlendColor); } } ... Any critique or suggestions to my code is welcome. Update: Solution added. Here's the final Level.Draw method. The Level.TileAt method simply checks the inputted values, to avoid OutOfRange exceptions. ... public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, GameTime gameTime) { Int32 startx = (Int32)Math.Floor((-this.Offset.X - 32) / 16); Int32 endx = (Int32)Math.Ceiling((-this.Offset.X + 1024 + 32) / 16); Int32 starty = (Int32)Math.Floor((-this.Offset.Y - 32) / 16); Int32 endy = (Int32)Math.Ceiling((-this.Offset.Y + 768 + 32) / 16); for (Int32 x = startx; x < endx; x += 1) { for (Int32 y = starty; y < endy; y += 1) { Tile tile = this.TileAt(x, y); if (tile != null) tile.Draw(spriteBatch, gameTime); } } } ...

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• Why the system information message when accessing an Ubuntu server doesn't match free -m?

  - by Andres

  Each time I SSH into my AWS Ubuntu servers I see a system information message, showing load, memory usage and packages available to install, like this: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-51-virtual x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/ System information as of Sun Nov 10 18:06:43 EST 2013 System load: 0.08 Processes: 127 Usage of /: 4.9% of 98.43GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 69% IP address for eth0: 10.236.136.233 Swap usage: 100% Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/ 13 packages can be updated. 0 updates are security updates. Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud Use Juju to deploy your cloud instances and workloads. https://juju.ubuntu.com/#cloud-precise *** /dev/xvda1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** *** System restart required *** My question is about the memory percentage shown. In this case, it's showing a 69% of memory usage, but since the swap usage was 100% I checked it by myself. So when I run free -m I get this: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1652 1635 17 0 4 29 -/+ buffers/cache: 1601 51 Swap: 895 895 0 And that's of course closer to 100% than to 69%

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• 4.00gb (3.25gb usable) in Windows 7 x64

  - by dotnetdev

  Hi, I have setup Windows 7 Ultimate x64 on my PC. I have 4gb RAM and my BIOS states the correct amount (4096mb), but I cannot Windows (System Manager) says I have 4.00gb (3.25gb usable). This seems to be a popular issue, and I have looked for an integrated video card (integrated with my chipset) to disable but haven't found anything. What else can be preventing me from seeing all 4gb? When I had Vista 32bit, it would say 3.25gb RAM not 4.00gb (3.25gb usable). I have an x64 CPU and when I brought my RAM, I used a compatibility tool from Crucial (the memory vendor) to test how much memory my PC can support and 4gb was the answer (this was a windows app I think). Chipset is Intel(R) G33/G31/P35/P31 Express Chipset PCI Express In the bios, I looked for an onboard video card (integrated) and there was no such thing, but a couple of other onboard devices. There are also no "Resource Mappings" settings. FURHTER DETAILS: Chipset North Bridge: Intel Bearlake G33 South Bridge: Intel 82801IR ICH9R Maximum Memory Amount 8 GB Graphics Controller Type Intel GMA 3100 (Enabled) I guess the first thing is, how do I disable the graphics controller? EDIT: This thread (http://forums.legitreviews.com/about23417.html) indicates the issue is with memory mapped devices, but someone on this thread says that does not apply to x64. The rest of the comments points to a mobo issue for the guy who started that thread. Thanks

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• ubuntu dmidecode is not functioning properly

  - by Alaa Alomari

  dmidecode is giving irrelevant and conflicted results. it shows that i have two slots while the correct is 8 (the board is Tyan S5350.) uname -a Linux synd01 3.0.0-16-server #29-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 14 13:08:12 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux root@synd01:/home/badmin# dmidecode -t 16 dmidecode 2.9 SMBIOS 2.33 present. Handle 0x0011, DMI type 16, 15 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 4 GB Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 2 while root@synd01:/home/badmin# dmidecode -t 17 | grep Size Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: 1024 MB Size: 1024 MB Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: 1024 MB Size: 1024 MB also lshw shows: *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 11 slot: System board or motherboard size: 4GiB *-bank:0 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) [empty] physical id: 0 slot: J3B1 clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:1 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) [empty] physical id: 1 slot: J3B3 clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:2 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) physical id: 2 slot: J2B2 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:3 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) physical id: 3 slot: J2B4 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:4 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) [empty] physical id: 4 slot: J3B2 clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:5 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) [empty] physical id: 5 slot: J2B1 clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:6 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) physical id: 6 slot: J2B3 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) *-bank:7 description: DIMM DDR Synchronous 166 MHz (6.0 ns) physical id: 7 slot: J1B1 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz (6.0ns) what might cause this conflict and how can i fix it? Thanks

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• Why am I missing 4GB of RAM on Windows Server 2008 R2 64bit?

  - by Nick G

  I noticed today that a server was very low on memory. It physically has 8GB installed and runs Windows 2008 R2 Standard 64bit. It also hosts 2 virtual machines using HyperV. Server is Dell Poweredge R510. However the host OS reports in task manager that it only has 4GB of RAM, despite actually having 8GB and it being a 64bit OS. Computer properties shows Installed memory: 8.00GB (3.99GB usuable). Why would "usable" be half the real RAM installed under a 64bit OS? Additionally nearly all of the 4GB of visible RAM on the host OS is being used by something without anything showing up in task manager (presumably HyperV as it's allocated 3.6GB to the virtual machines its hosting). However that doesn't explain where the other 4GB has gone which Windows can't even see. Where is my missing 4GB of RAM? Update: Dell OpenManage says this: Total Installed Capacity 8192 MB Total Installed Capacity Available to the OS 4096 MB So looks like Nathan's suggestion of memory mirroring might be correct. I'll have to reboot to check this (I think?) Update 2 OK. So I reboot and I get a message saying "the amount of system memory has changed" (despite not having touched the hardware in a year). Once Windows has booted, all 8GB is visible again. Looks like I probably have a hardware RAM issue (I'll perhaps try reseating it whenever I can chuck everyone off the server next). Thanks for your answers and comments. I was hoping it was going to be the mirrored-RAM option but it seems not - that's not even mentioned in the BIOS.

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• quad sli with gtx 690 not working

  - by Moaadh

  I have two cards GTX 690 (dual core). I did the Sli successfully. Nvidia control panel acknowledges the two cards as quad Sli. However, the problem is that Windows 7 64-bit Ultimate is showing me the graph memory size as 4 GB while it is supposed to be 8 GB because of the Sli. Also the benchmark from all software is giving me a very low score compared to some other guy's benchmark on YouTube. It gives me a big headache. Does anyone know why this is happening? If so, how can I get Windows 7 to recognize all 8 GB of memory? Thanks for your help in advance. My computer specifications: (Processor: Intel Core i7-3930k @3.2GHz(12CPUs))--- (Memory: 65536 MB Ram 1866 MHz)-- (OS: Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit)-- (OCZ 240GB as SSD PCIe drive for booting and storage disk)-- (DirextX version: DirectX 11)-- (VGA Card: 2 X EVGA GTX 690 Dual GPU. Each GPU is 2 GB, so total memory should be 8 GB.)-- (MotherBoard: ASUS Rampage IV Extreme)-- Others with lesser specifications get a 2500 score in heaven benchmark while I get 1501 as if it is one card.

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• How to implement didReceiveMemoryWarning ?

  - by hib

  Hello all , I have developed a simple location aware iPhone application which is functionally working very well to our expectations except in the low memory condition of the phone . In low memory condition of the phone my app just got crashes and If I increases the phone memory by freeing up some space it again start working well without any crash . when I do some googling on the problem I found that in the low memory conditions the os will send didReceiveMemoryWarning to all the controllers in the current hierarchy so that each one of them should implement didReceiveMemoryWarning method and also set nil to iboutlet for the view that is currently not visible . I have also read somewhere that if the view for that controller is not visible the method setView with nil parameter will be called and if there are some outlet variables attached to view there will be problem in removing them. So with all these fundas what is the best to handle low level memory condition raised by the Iphone by implementing the didReceiveMemoryWarning and viewDidUnload methods. Please give a proper example or link if possible for the solution of the above problem . thanks.

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• UIViewController prevent view from unloading

  - by Ican Zilb

  When my iPhone app receives a Memory warning the views of UIViewControllers that are not currently visible get unloaded. In one particular controller unloading the view and the outlets is rather fatal. I'm looking for a way to prevent this view from being unloaded. I find this behavior rather stupid - I have a cache mechanism, so when a memory warning comes - I unload myself tons of data and I free enough memory, but I definitely need this view untouched. I see UIViewController has a method 'unloadViewIfReloadable', which gets called when the Memory Warning comes. Does anybody know how to tell Cocoa Touch that my view is not reloadable? Any other suggestions how to prevent my view from being unloaded on Memory Warning? Thanks in advance

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