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• What are the lesser known but cool data structures ?

  - by f3lix

  There a some data structures around that are really cool but are unknown to most programmers. Which are they? Everybody knows linked lists, binary trees, and hashes, but what about Skip lists, Bloom filters for example. I would like to know more data structures that are not so common, but are worth knowing because they rely on great ideas and enrich a programmer's tool box. PS: I am also interested on techniques like Dancing links which make interesting use of the properties of a common data structure. EDIT: Please try to include links to pages describing the data structures in more detail. Also, try to add a couple of words on why a data structures is cool (as Jonas Kölker already pointed out). Also, try to provide one data-structure per answer. This will allow the better data structures to float to the top based on their votes alone.

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• C# how to create functions that are interpreted at runtime

  - by Lirik

  I'm making a Genetic Program, but I'm hitting a limitation with C# where I want to present new functions to the algorithm but I can't do it without recompiling the program. In essence I want the user of the program to provide the allowed functions and the GP will automatically use them. It would be great if the user is required to know as little about programming as possible. I want to plug in the new functions without compiling them into the program. In Python this is easy, since it's all interpreted, but I have no clue how to do it with C#. Does anybody know how to achieve this in C#? Are there any libraries, techniques, etc?

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• Which langauge should i use for Artificial intelligence on web projects

  - by Mirage

  I have to do one project for my thesis involving Artificial intelligence, collaborative filtering and machine learning methods. I only know PHP/mysq/JS, and there is not much AI stuff examples in PHP. There are some books on AI on internet but they use Java , Python. Now I have to apply AI techniques on web application. Which language should i choose java or python. I searhed on internet that I can call java classes inside my php so that can help as as I am very good at php I have also seen that python can also be used with php as well So which way should I go and roughly how much it will take me to learn java I have done java basics but that was 6 years ago

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• Better algorithm for estimating download time

  - by Scott Smith

  We've all seen the download time running estimate that initially says something like "7 days", but keeps dropping wildly (e.g. "23 hours", "45 minutes", "1 min. 50 sec", etc) with each successive estimation as the chunks are downloaded. To avoid these initial (alarming) estimates, there are techniques one could try like suppressing display of the first n estimates, or waiting for the delta between estimates to drop below some threshold before you start displaying them, but these don't seem like a general, robust solution. There are corner cases involving too few samples, or samples that actually are wildly varying... I think I recall a general solution for this kind of thing in mathematics (statistics?) that reduced or eliminated these wild values. Does anyone know?

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• How do you write a consistent UI Automation for MS? MSAA & UI Automation don't seem to overlap.

  - by Greg

  Working on a general Automation tool, considering moving from Win32 Message hooks to .net UI Automation, however the feature set of UI Automation doesn't cover all we have in Win32 and still doesn't seem to support all the GUI on Windows. One such example is Windows Live Messenger. Windows Live messenger 2009 is still using the older DirectUIHwnd to draw the gui. This means that you can't use windows messages to send to the controls, because the controls don't have their own HWND. It also seems to defeat the new .net UI Automation framework though the documentation seems to make out as if it can be joined in the UI Automation and Microsoft Active Accessibility document. Looking at MS Accessibility pointed to Active Accessibility 2.0 SDK Tools which showed that MSAA can interact with the contents. Is there some trick to getting the older MSAA technology that UI Automation seems to be trying to replace to actually work with UI Automation? I'd rather not have multiple solutions trying to automate the same windows for windows unlike Windows Live Messenger where each of these techniques is valid and will work.

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• Understanding run time code interpretation and execution

  - by Bob

  I'm creating a game in XNA and was thinking of creating my own scripting language (extremely simple mind you). I know there's better ways to go about this (and that I'm reinventing the wheel), but I want the learning experience more than to be productive and fast. When confronted with code at run time, from what I understand, the usual approach is to parse into a machine code or byte code or something else that is actually executable and then execute that, right? But, for instance, when Chrome first came out they said their JavaScript engine was fast because it compiles the JavaScript into machine code. This implies other engines weren't compiling into machine code. I'd prefer not compiling to a lower language, so are there any known modern techniques for parsing and executing code without compiling to low level? Perhaps something like parsing the code into some sort of tree, branching through the tree, and comparing each symbol and calling some function that handles that symbol? (Wild guessing and stabbing in the dark)

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• I'm not sure if I should use a redirect

  - by Joe

  Hi there, I have an affiliate link on my webpage. When you click on the link it follows the href value which is as follows: www.site_name.com/?refer=my_affiliate_id This would be fine, except that the site offers no tracking for the ads, so I can't tell how many clicks I am getting. I could easily implement my own tracking by changing the original link href value to a php script which increments some click stats in a database and then redirects the user to the original page. But I have read some articles that say that using redirects may be seen by google as a sign of 'blackhat' techniques and they might rank me lower, unindex my site or even hurt the site that I'm redirecting too. Does anybody know if this is true, or have any idea of the best way I could go about this? Many thanks in advance Joe

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• Is this a "valid" css image replacement technique?

  - by user278457

  I just came up with this, it seems to work in all modern browsers, I just tested it then on (IE8/compatibility, Chrome, Safari, Moz) HTML <img id="my_image" alt="my text" src="images/small_transparent.gif" /> CSS #my_image{ background-image:url('images/my_image.png'); width:100px; height:100px;} Pro's: image alt text is best-practice for accessibility/seo no extra HTML markup, and the css is pretty minimal too gets around the css on/images off issue where "text-indent" techniques hide text from low bandwidth users The biggest disadvantage that I can think of is the css off/images on situation, because you'll only send a transparent gif. I'd like to know, who uses images without stylesheets? some kind of mobile phone or something? I'm making some sites for clients in regional Australia (hundreds of km from the nearest city), where many users will be suffering from dial-up connections, and often outdated browsers too, so the "images off" issue is an important consideration. are there any other side effects with this technique that I haven't considered?

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• Pomodoro technique & other ways to increase personal productivity

  - by Jayson

  I recently came across the Pomodoro Technique as a way to increase productivity, get in the zone, and in general feel a sense of accomplishment at setting some short programming goals and achieving them. So far I have enjoyed it and the sense of accomplishment I get after seeing a bunch of short goals add up at the end of the day to a lot of work done on a programming project. What other ideas, similar or not, add a little variety to achieving goals, personal productivity, get in the programming zone, and so forth? What ideas or techniques are expressed formally, such as those in the Pomodoro paper, rather than trite maxims?

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• Did anyone see the spasticNav.js Menu for jQuery ?

  - by Ricky

  Helooo all, If anyone doesn't know what i'm talking about, this is the link: http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/html-css-techniques/how-to-build-a-lava-lamp-style-navigation-menu/ How can i click the menu, and make it “stick” :) without reloading the whole page ? The plugin takes a static state of the tag UL – and run the plugin on it. which mean that if i move the “currentPageItem” from the first LI tag and give it to the next LI tag – the spasticNav doesn’t run for each object again. it still “remembers” the old state. ( because the .js file run only once at the top of the page ) So what should I add to the code in order to get dynamic “Click” event ? ( without reloading the whole page [ ajax ] ) Does anyone have any ideas about this specific plugin ? Thanks.

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• How to write a Compiler in C for C

  - by Kerb_z

  I want to write a Compiler for C. This is a Project for my College i am doing as per my University. I am an intermediate programmer in C, with understanding of Data Structures. Now i know a Compiler has the following parts: 1. Lexer 2. Parser 3. Intermediate Code Generator 4. Optimizer 5. Code Generator I want to begin with the Lexer part and move on to Parser. I am consulting the following book: Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools by Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Jeffrey D. Ullman. The thing is that this book is highly theoretical and perplexing to me. I really appreciate the authors. But the point is i am not able to begin my project, as if i am blinded where to go. Need guidance please help.

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• How do I get a div to float to the bottom of its container?

  - by Stephen Martin

  I have floated images and inset boxes at the top of a container using float:right (or left) many times. Recently I hit a need to float a div at the bottom right corner of another div with the normal text wrap that you get with float (text wrapped above and to the left only). I thought this must be relatively easy even though float has no bottom value but I haven't been able to do it using a number of techniques and searching the web hasn't come up with anything other than using absolute positioning but this doesn't give the correct word wrap behaviour. I had thought this would be a very common design but apparently it isn't. If nobody has a suggestion I'll have to break my text up into separate boxes and align the div manually but that is rather precarious and I'd hate to have to do it on every page that needs it.

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• Why do people still use C these days? [closed]

  - by Joshua

  C++ is clearly a far superior language than C, since it has many features that C lacks (although, C++'s object model isn't as ideal as say C#'s). With the coming off the new C++0x standard, why hasn't C been phased out to obscurity? C++ has been around for so long, since the '80s. The Linux kernel has already been ported to C++ with negligible performance differences. I believe, with no evidence, that larger program structures benefit in performance if written in C++ than in C, if only because of object interaction. Don't get me started on "objects-in-C!" libraries, which are all a terrible hack. (Not that C++'s object model is the most ideal, but it is almost up to snuff with C# using common ad-hoc techniques.)

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• How to replace for-loops with a functional statement in C#?

  - by Lernkurve

  A colleague once said that God is killing a kitten every time I write a for-loop. When asked how to avoid for-loops, his answer was to use a functional language. However, if you are stuck with a non-functional language, say C#, what techniques are there to avoid for-loops or to get rid of them by refactoring? With lambda expressions and LINQ perhaps? If so, how? Questions So the question boils down to: Why are for-loops bad? Or, in what context are for-loops to avoid and why? Can you provide C# code examples of how it looks before, i.e. with a loop, and afterwards without a loop?

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• How do you search for symbols without knowing what they're called?

  - by froadie

  This is a question that's been bothering me for a while, and it's likely that there's no way around it. But I was curious if anyone has any techniques for dealing with this. How do you search on a symbol using a search engine (such as Google or Bing) without knowing the symbol's name...? Most standard search engines seem to ignore symbols... (e.g. @, ^, etc.) Are there any engines that don't? Is there any other way to do this?

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• How to remove all of the html whitespace/newlines of a NSString

  - by Kyriakos Leivadas

  i've got a problem and i hope someone can solve it. I parsed some html to a nsstring and im trying to trim all of the characters and keep some specific words. The problem is that i trimmed all the characters from the nsstring that i didnt want but the weird thing is that i cant get rid of all the whitespace. i used all the techniques i read from other answers but still some whitespace remains. here is my code -(void)requestFinished:(ASIHTTPRequest *)request{ NSString *htmlData = [request responseString]; NSCharacterSet *garbage = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"qazwsxedcrfvtgbyhnujmik,ol.p;/[]'QAZWSXEDCRFVTGBYHNUJMIKOLP()\"-1234567890#{}=:+_&!`<>"]; //im doing this to remove all characters except non-english chars htmlData = [htmlData compomentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:garbage ]compomentsJoinedByString:@""]; htmlData = [htmlData stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]]; htmlData = [htmlData stringByReplacingOccurencesOfString:@"[\n\t\r ]+" withString@""]; htmlData = [htmlData stringByReplacingOccurencesOfString:@" " withString:@""]; NSLog(@"%@",htmlData); } i get this result: nonenglishwordsnonenglishwords nonenglishwordsnonenglishwords (whitespace or new lines in middle remains) thank you.

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• Garbage collection when compiling to C

  - by Jules

  What are the techniques of garbage collection when compiling a garbage collected language to C? I know of two: maintain a shadow stack that saves all roots explicitly in a data structure use a conservative garbage collector like Boehm's The first technique is slow, because you have to maintain the shadow stack. Potentially every time a function is called, you need to save the local variables in a data structure. The second technique is also slow, and inherently does not reclaim all garbage because of using a conservative garbage collector. My question is: what is the state of the art of garbage collection when compiling to C. Note that I do not mean a convenient way to do garbage collection when programming in C (this is the goal of Boehm's garbage collector), just a way to do garbage collection when compiling to C.

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• How can I test if a point lies within a 3d shape with its surface defined by a point cloud?

  - by Ben

  Hi I have a collection of points which describe the surface of a shape that should be roughly spherical, and I need a method with which to determine if any other given point lies within this shape. I've previously been approximating the shape as an exact sphere, but this has proven too inaccurate and I need a more accurate method. Simplicity and speed is favourable over complete accuracy, a good approximation will suffice. I've come across techniques for converting a point cloud to a 3d mesh, but most things I have found have been very complicated, and I am looking for something as simple as possible. Any ideas? Many thanks, Ben.

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• F# books question

  - by Michiel Borkent

  I am now reading Foundations of F# by Robert Pickering and parallelly the book in progress 'Real World Functional Programming' by Tomas Petricek. My question is, what is the added value I would get from buying and reading the following books: 1) Expert F# by Don Syme and others 2) F# for Scientists by John Harrop Are those books still up to date with the current CTP version. What are things to keep notice of with respect to the recent changes in the language? Will there be reprinted updated versions? Also I want to learn more about datamining techniques with F# as a tool for this. What are good books to read next on this topic?

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• Browser loading strategy, <head>...<body>

  - by Bin Chen

  I am inspecting some interesting behaviors of browser, I don't know it's in standard or not. If I put everythin inside <head></head>, the browser will only begin to render the page after all the resouces in head is retrieved. So I am thinking that put as little as possible things into head is one of the important website optimization techniques, is it right? My question is: If I put script/css in body or other parts of the html, how can I know that script has been loaded successfully so that I will not be calling a undefined function?

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• Function Composition in C++

  - by Channel72

  There are a lot of impressive Boost libraries such as Boost.Lambda or Boost.Phoenix which go a long way towards making C++ into a truly functional language. But is there a straightforward way to create a composite function from any 2 or more arbitrary functions or functors? If I have: int f(int x) and int g(int x), I want to do something like f . g which would statically generate a new function object equivalent to f(g(x)). This seems to be possible through various techniques, such as those discussed here. Certainly, you can chain calls to boost::lambda::bind to create a composite functor. But is there anything in Boost which easily allows you to take any 2 or more functions or function objects and combine them to create a single composite functor, similar to how you would do it in a language like Haskell?

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• Calculating terrain height in 3d-space

  - by Jonas B

  Hi I'm diving into 3d programming a bit and am currently learning by writing a procedural terrain generator that generates terrain based on a heightmap. I would also want to implement some physics and my first attempt at terrain collision was by simply checking the current position vs the heightmap. This however wont work well against small objects as you'd have to calculate the height by taking the heightdifference of the nearest vertices of the object and doing this every colision check is pretty slow. Beleive me I tried googling for it but there's simply so much crap and millions of blogs posting ripped-of newbie tutorials everywhere with basically no real information on the subject, I can't find anything that explains it or even names any generally used techniques. I'm not asking for code or a complete solution, but if anyone knows a particular technique good for calculating a high-res heightmap out of the already generated and smoothed terrain I would be very happy as I could look into it further when I know what I'm looking for. Thanks

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• Programmatically create static arrays at compile time in C++

  - by Hippicoder

  One can define a static array at compile time as follows: const std::size_t size = 5; unsigned int list[size] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; Question 1 - Is it possible by using various kinds of metaprogramming techniques to assign these values "programmatically" at compile time? Question 2 - Assuming all the values in the array are to be the same barr a few, is it possible to selectively assign values at compile time in a programmatic manner? eg: const std::size_t size = 7; unsigned int list[size] = { 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0 }; Solutions using C++0x are welcome The array may be quite large, few hundred elements long The array for now will only consist of POD types It can also be assumed the size of the array will be known beforehand, in a static compile-time compliant manner. Solutions must be in C++ (no script or codegen based solutions)

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• How can a large number of developers write software without either a cumbersome process or poor qual

  - by Mark Robinson

  I work at a company with hundreds of people writing software for essentially the same product. The quality of the software has to be high because so many people depend on it (not least the developers themselves). Because of this every major issue has resulted in a new check - either automated or manual. As a result the process of delivering software is becoming ever more burdensome. So that requires more developers which... well you can see it is a vicious circle. We now have a problem with releasing software quickly - the lead time even to change one line of code for a very serious issue is at least one day. What techniques do you use to speed up the delivery of software in a large organization, while still maintaining software quality?

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• building a website

  - by Ant

  Not sure if this is the right place to post this, or if it should be under programmers.stackexchange... Anywho, a couple of my friends run a business and they asked me to build them a public website. It will only be used for information about the company with soe pictures. No transactions will be involved. Right now I work for a company where I build internal websites, and do alot of backend programming in C#. I understand html, css, jquery, etc. so I feel like I am completely capable of building a website for them. However, I do not know all the basic knowledge to building one. For example, where should we host the files, what type of security issues do I need to be aware of, what's the best software to use for developing websites (I use visual studio at work), where can I find some design techniques, etc. Any help is appreciated.

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