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• Linux Bash Script, Single Command But Multiple Lines?

  - by Jay LaCroix

  I have the following script I wrote by searching Google, and it backs up my Linux system to an archive: #!/bin/bash # init DATE=$(date +20%y%m%d) tar -cvpzf /share/Recovery/Snapshots/$HOSTNAME_$DATE.tar.gz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/sys --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/media --exclude=/dev --exclude=/share/Archive / This works, but I am wondering if I can format the script to show the command over multiple lines, something like this, so it is easy to edit later: tar -cvpzf /share/Recovery/Snapshots/$HOSTNAME_$DATE.tar.gz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/sys --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/media --exclude=/dev --exclude=/share/Archive / That way it is easier to read and edit later. Is it possible to format a Bash script this way?

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• cPanel Virtfs won't umount

  - by JPerkSter

  Anyone have any experience with virtfs on cPanel servers? I can't seem to get them to unmount, as they say they are already unmounted: [root@Server ~]# cat /proc/mounts | grep user /dev/root /home/virtfs/user/lib ext3 rw,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/root /home/virtfs/user/opt ext3 rw,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/lib ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/sbin ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/share ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/bin ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/man ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/X11R6 ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/kerberos ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/libexec ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/bin ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/share ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/Zend ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/IonCube ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/include ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda3 /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/lib ext3 rw,nodev,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/spool ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/lib ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/cpanel ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/run ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda2 /home/virtfs/user/var/log ext3 rw,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/sda6 /home/virtfs/user/tmp ext3 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/root /home/virtfs/user/bin ext3 rw,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 [root@Server ~]# for i in cat /proc/mounts |grep virtfs |grep user |awk '{print$2}'; do umount $i; done umount: /home/virtfs/user/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/opt: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/sbin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/share: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/bin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/man: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/X11R6: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/kerberos: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/libexec: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/bin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/share: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/Zend: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/IonCube: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/include: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/usr/local/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/spool: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/lib: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/cpanel: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/run: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/var/log: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/tmp: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/bin: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/dev: not mounted umount: /home/virtfs/user/proc: not mounted

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• UNIX - mount: only root can do that

  - by Travesty3

  I need to allow a non-root user to mount/unmount a device. I am a total noob when it comes to UNIX, so please dumb it down for me. I've been looking all over teh interwebz to find an answer and it seems everyone is giving the same one, which is to modify /etc/fstab to include that device with the 'user' option (or 'users', tried both). Cool, well I did that and it still says "mount: only root can do that". Here are the contents of my fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'vol_id --uuid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # / was on /dev/mapper/minicc-root during installation UUID=1a69f02a-a049-4411-8c57-ff4ebd8bb933 / ext3 relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=038498fe-1267-44c4-8788-e1354d71faf5 /boot ext2 relatime 0 2 # swap was on /dev/mapper/minicc-swap_1 during installation UUID=0bb583aa-84a8-43ef-98c4-c6cb25d20715 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdcard auto auto,user,rw,exec 0 0 My thumb drive partition shows up as /dev/sdb1. I'm pretty sure my fstab is set up OK, but everyone on the other posts seems to fail to mention how they actually call the 'mount' command once this entry is in the fstab file. I think this is where my problem may be. The command I use to mount the drive is: $ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdcard. /bin/mount is owned by root and is in the root group and has 4755 permissions. /bin/umount is owned by root and is in the root group and has 4755 permissions. /mnt/sdcard is owned by me and is in one of my groups and has 0755 permissions. My mount command works fine if I use sudo, but I need to be able to do this without sudo (need to be able to do it from a PHP script using shell_exec). Any suggestions? Sorry for making you read so much...just trying to get as much info in the initial post as possible to preemptively answer questions about configuration stuff. If I missed anything tho, ask away. Thanks! -Travis

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• Slab uses 88Gb of 128Gb available. What could cause this?

  - by Joris Meys

  We run a debian 2.6.26-2-amd64 x86_64 GNU/Linux on a server with 128 Gb. Recently it our available memory became rather low. Looking at the /proc/meminfo showed that the Slab was using 88Gb, which is counted in the used memory off course. Is this a problem? I suspect that memory will be freed when necessary, but I don't know if that could have unwanted side effects. Why would Slab need that much memory? Is there a clear cause for that? can we avoid this to happen in the future? How can we free this memory? thank you in advance > cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132304500 kB MemFree: 26669388 kB Buffers: 237504 kB Cached: 11881136 kB SwapCached: 48 kB Active: 5244640 kB Inactive: 11714308 kB SwapTotal: 5751228 kB SwapFree: 5750436 kB Dirty: 24 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 4840256 kB Mapped: 163968 kB Slab: 88314840 kB SReclaimable: 88275644 kB SUnreclaim: 39196 kB PageTables: 80852 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 71903476 kB Committed_AS: 6818332 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 505724 kB VmallocChunk: 34359231963 kB

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• Is it safe to disable nmi_watchdog?

  - by Rayne

  I'm using RHEL 6 (kernel 2.6.32-131) and I'm trying to start oprofile, but I keep getting an error. My oprofile version is 0.9.6-12. I was able to successfully do opcontrol --init But when I did a opcontrol --start --no-vmlinux I got the error Using default event: CPU_CLK_UNHALTED:100000:0:1:1 Error: counter 0 not available nmi_watchdog using this resource ? Try: opcontrol --deinit echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog I don't know if it's safe for me to do this? For what I googled, it seems that nmi_watchdog is used to reboot the system if it hangs, and that sounds like something I want. Also, grep NMI /proc/interrupts shows a bunch of numbers, which I guess indicates that nmi_watchdog is already running? How can I run both oprofile and nmi_watchdog?

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• "No more PTYs" when trying to start screen

  - by Attila Oláh

  When I try to start 'screen' or 'byobu', I get the following error message: $ screen No more PTYs. Sorry, could not find a PTY. [screen is terminating] I seem to have enough though: $ ls /dev/pts $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/pty/nr 0 $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/pty/max 4096 Some more info: $ uname -a Linux cube.mydedi.net 2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.5 #1 SMP Fri Sep 17 19:10:36 MSD 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux If you need any more info please comment. This is on a low-end VPS, but it used to work just fine, until it stopped working. Everything else seems to be fine though.

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• Forwarding udp ports iptables packets "lost"?

  - by Dindihi

  I have a Linux router (Debian 6.x) where i forward some ports to internal services. Some tcp ports (like 80, 22...) are OK. I have one Application listening on port 54277udp. No return is coming from this app, i only get Data on this port. Router: cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter = 1 cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/forwarding = 1 cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ppp0/forwarding = 1 $IPTABLES -t nat -I PREROUTING -p udp -i ppp0 --dport 54277 -j DNAT --to-destination $SRV_IP:54277 $IPTABLES -I FORWARD -p udp -d $SRV_IP --dport 54277 -j ACCEPT Also MASQUERADING internal traffic to ppp0(internet) is active & working. Default Policy INPUT&OUTPUT&FORWARD is DROP What is strange, when i do: tcpdump -p -vvvv -i ppp0 port 54277 I get a lot of traffic: 18:35:43.646133 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 57, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 57) source.ip > own.external.ip..54277: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 29 18:35:43.652301 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 57, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 57) source.ip > own.external.ip..54277: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 29 18:35:43.653324 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 57, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 57) source.ip > own.external.ip..54277: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 29 18:35:43.655795 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 57, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 57) source.ip > own.external.ip..54277: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 29 18:35:43.656727 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 57, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 57) source.ip > own.external.ip..54277: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 29 18:35:43.659719 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 57, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 57) source.ip > own.external.ip..54277: [udp sum ok] UDP, length 29 tcpdump -p -i eth0 port 54277 (on the same machine, the router) i get much less traffic. also on the destination $SRV_IP there are only a few packets coming in, but not all. INTERNAL SERVER: 19:15:30.039663 IP source.ip.52394 > 192.168.215.4.54277: UDP, length 16 19:15:30.276112 IP source.ip.52394 > 192.168.215.4.54277: UDP, length 16 19:15:30.726048 IP source.ip.52394 > 192.168.215.4.54277: UDP, length 16 So some udp ports are "ignored/dropped" ? Any idea what could be wrong? Edit: This is strange: The Forward rule has data packets, but the PREROUTING rule has 0 packets... iptables -nvL -t filter |grep 54277 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) 168 8401 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.215.4 state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED udp dpt:54277 iptables -nvL -t nat |grep 54277 Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 405 packets, 24360 bytes) 0 0 DNAT udp -- ppp0 * 0.0.0.0/0 my.external.ip udp dpt:54277 state NEW,RELATED,ESTABLISHED to:192.168.215.4

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• Print full path of files and sizes with find in Linux

  - by cat pants

  Here are the specs: Find all files in / modified after the modification time of /tmp/test, exclude /proc and /sys from the search, and print the full path of the file along with human readable size. Here is what I have so far: find / \( -path /proc -o -path /sys \) -prune -o -newer /tmp/test -exec ls -lh {} \; | less The issue is that the full path doesn't get printed. Unfortunately, ls doesn't support printing the full path! And all solutions I have found that show how to print the full path suggest using find. :| Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Is /dev in linux virtual?

  - by user973917

  Today at work a client had rm -rf /dev and ended up deleting two files in /dev/shm that forced his site to no longer work. From what I learned previously /dev is not virtual, but a fellow technician had suggested to reboot the server because /dev is virtual like /proc. Sure enough I rebooted the server and the files that the client rm -rf'd were there. So, my question is; is /dev virtual? Is it the kind of virtual like /proc? Is there more documentation on this? How can I restore the /dev files without a server reboot?

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• Mysql table Crashed during Optimize, table repair taking too long

  - by hellohellosharp

  One of my vital tables was being optimzied and MySQL crashed in the middle of it. It then said the table was corrupt. I am running repair but it is taking over an hour, I need this table up ASAP (I will even truncate it if necessary). Please help me get this solved. The table has about 54 million rows. This is a MyISAM. Any additional information needed, just ask. Here are the contents of my my.cnf: [mysqld] max_connections = 850 max_user_connections = 850 query_cache_size = 128M skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 64M max_allowed_packet = 8M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 4M net_buffer_length = 16K read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M innodb_file_per_table tmp_table_size = 100M max_heap_table_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 wait_timeout=25 interactive_timeout=25 table_cache=600 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT # This setting allows the use of asynchronous I/O in InnoDB. # The following files track usage of this resource: # - /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr # - /proc/sys/fs/aio-nr # Default limit is 65536, of which a single instance of mysql uses 2661 out of the box innodb_use_native_aio = 1

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• What can I do to give some more love and disk space to my database on Ubuntu?

  - by Yaron Naveh

  I'm new to linux. I've deployed a db to ubuntu server on amazon and found out I'm low on disk space. did df (see below) - and found out that I'm 89% capacity on one file system, but less on others. What does this mean? Do I have a few partitions and can now utilize others besides /dev/xvda1? Also /dev/xvdb seems large, is it safe to put the db in it and only use it? If so do I need to mount it or do something special? $> df -lah Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 8.0G 6.7G 914M 89% / proc 0 0 0 - /proc sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys none 0 0 0 - /sys/fs/fuse/connections none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/debug none 0 0 0 - /sys/kernel/security udev 3.7G 8.0K 3.7G 1% /dev devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts tmpfs 1.5G 164K 1.5G 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /run/shm /dev/xvdb 414G 199M 393G 1% /mnt

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• Kernel upgrade CentOS 5.3 mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'

  - by matt

  We have a CentOS 5.3 x64 server that by default runs kernel version 2.6.18-164.11.1 and we are attempting to upgrade the box to 2.6.31.12 The drive is LVM +ext3, and the problem I'm having is when I upgrade the kernel and attempt to boot from it, no matter what version of the kernel I use, I get /dev/root not found towards the end of the boot process, and the kernel panics, and than reboots. I'm installing the kernel exactly as it says in this doc. I've tried it "The centOS way " using make rpm and than installing that. I've updated my mkinitrd. The most interesting part of this problem is that it has been so frustrating that I decided to try and clean install centos on an identical machine without LVM, and the result is EXACTLY the same. After upgrading the kernel, I get /dev/root not found. Does anyone know how to fix this, or what information would be relevant to remedy it? I'm open to try anything at this point. One more interesting thing about this problem is that in the new version of the kernel, during boot it complains that dm-mapper is started twice, than panics right after that. I've tried this with other kernel versions, and the result is the same. What am I missing here? If you need any more files, please just ask. Linux cg 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.31.12-rt20) //NOT WORKING!!!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.12-rt20 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.31.12-rt20.img title CentOS (2.6.18-164.11.1.el5) //WORKING!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5.img

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• ignore ipv6 router advertisements for static addresses with bonded interfaces

  - by boran

  I need to attribute static IPv6 addresses (not use autoconfigured addresses, and ignore router advertisements). This can be done as follows for a standard interface like eth0 iface eth0 inet6 static address myprefix:mysubnet::myip gateway myprefix:mysubnet::mygatewayip netmask 64 pre-up /sbin/sysctl -q -w net.ipv6.conf.$IFACE.autoconf=0 pre-up /sbin/sysctl -q -w net.ipv6.conf.$IFACE.accept_ra=0 However, how can this be done for bonded interfaces? using the "all" interface does not work. Systems is Ubuntu 10.04, 2.6.24-24-server. If one uses the above sysctl command for the bond0, the networking hangs on boot, because /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/bond0 does not yet exist and cannot be written to. One the system has booted /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/bond0 exist, so one solution after booting is to add the following to /etc/rc.local: /sbin/sysctl -q -w net.ipv6.conf.bond0.autoconf=0 /sbin/sysctl -q -w net.ipv6.conf.bond0.accept_ra=0 /etc/init.d/networking restart and this has the desired effect, the autoconfig v6 address disappears. Seems like a bit of a hack though, are there better solutions?

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• Cross-platform, human-readable, du on root partition that truly ignores other filesystems

  - by nice_line

  I hate this so much: Linux builtsowell 2.6.18-274.7.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Oct 17 11:57:14 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux df -kh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/mpath0p2 8.8G 8.7G 90M 99% / /dev/mapper/mpath0p6 2.0G 37M 1.9G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/mpath0p3 5.9G 670M 4.9G 12% /var /dev/mapper/mpath0p1 494M 86M 384M 19% /boot /dev/mapper/mpath0p7 7.3G 187M 6.7G 3% /home tmpfs 48G 6.2G 42G 14% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/o10g.bin 25G 7.4G 17G 32% /app/SIP/logs /dev/mapper/o11g.bin 25G 11G 14G 43% /o11g tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /dev/vx lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_backup/epmxs1q1 686G 507G 180G 74% /rpmqa/backup lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/bisxs1q1 4.0G 1.6G 2.5G 38% /bisxs1q/rdoctl1 lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_backup/bisxs1q1 686G 507G 180G 74% /bisxs1q/backup lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_exp/bisxs1q1 2.0T 1.1T 984G 52% /bisxs1q/exp lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_home/bisxs1q1 10G 174M 9.9G 2% /bisxs1q/home lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_data/bisxs1q1 52G 5.2G 47G 10% /bisxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/bisxs1q2 4.0G 1.6G 2.5G 38% /bisxs1q/rdoctl2 ip-address1:/vol/oradb_home/cspxs1q1 10G 184M 9.9G 2% /cspxs1q/home ip-address2:/vol/oradb_backup/cspxs1q1 674G 314G 360G 47% /cspxs1q/backup ip-address2:/vol/oradb_redo/cspxs1q1 4.0G 1.5G 2.6G 37% /cspxs1q/rdoctl1 ip-address2:/vol/oradb_exp/cspxs1q1 4.1T 1.5T 2.6T 37% /cspxs1q/exp ip-address2:/vol/oradb_redo/cspxs1q2 4.0G 1.5G 2.6G 37% /cspxs1q/rdoctl2 ip-address1:/vol/oradb_data/cspxs1q1 160G 23G 138G 15% /cspxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_exp/epmxs1q1 2.0T 1.1T 984G 52% /epmxs1q/exp lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_home/epmxs1q1 10G 80M 10G 1% /epmxs1q/home lunmonster2q:/vol/oradb_data/epmxs1q1 330G 249G 82G 76% /epmxs1q/oradata lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/epmxs1q2 5.0G 609M 4.5G 12% /epmxs1q/rdoctl2 lunmonster1q:/vol/oradb_redo/epmxs1q1 5.0G 609M 4.5G 12% /epmxs1q/rdoctl1 /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol1 183G 17G 157G 10% /slaxs1q/backup /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol4 173G 58G 106G 36% /slaxs1q/oradata /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol5 75G 952M 71G 2% /slaxs1q/exp /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol2 9.8G 381M 8.9G 5% /slaxs1q/home /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol6 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /slaxs1q/rdoctl1 /dev/vx/dsk/slaxs1q/slaxs1q-vol3 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /slaxs1q/rdoctl2 /dev/mapper/appoem 30G 1.3G 27G 5% /app/em Yet, I equally, if not quite a bit more, also hate this: SunOS solarious 5.10 Generic_147440-19 sun4u sparc SUNW,SPARC-Enterprise Filesystem size used avail capacity Mounted on kiddie001Q_rpool/ROOT/s10s_u8wos_08a 8G 7.7G 1.3G 96% / /devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab swap 15G 1.8M 15G 1% /etc/svc/volatile objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd kiddie001Q_rpool/ROOT/s10s_u8wos_08a/var 31G 8.3G 6.6G 56% /var swap 512M 4.6M 507M 1% /tmp swap 15G 88K 15G 1% /var/run swap 15G 0K 15G 0% /dev/vx/dmp swap 15G 0K 15G 0% /dev/vx/rdmp /dev/dsk/c3t4d4s0 3 20G 279G 41G 88% /fs_storage /dev/vx/dsk/oracle/ora10g-vol1 292G 214G 73G 75% /o10g /dev/vx/dsk/oec/oec-vol1 64G 33G 31G 52% /oec/runway /dev/vx/dsk/oracle/ora9i-vol1 64G 33G 31G 59% /o9i /dev/vx/dsk/home 23G 18G 4.7G 80% /export/home /dev/vx/dsk/dbwork/dbwork-vol1 292G 214G 73G 92% /db03/wk01 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebusredovol 2.0G 475M 1.5G 24% /u21 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebusbckupvol 200G 32G 166G 17% /u31 /dev/vx/dsk/oradg/ebuscrtlvol 2.0G 475M 1.5G 24% /u20 kiddie001Q_rpool 31G 97K 6.6G 1% /kiddie001Q_rpool monsterfiler002q:/vol/ebiz_patches_nfs/NSA0304 203G 173G 29G 86% /oracle/patches /dev/odm 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/odm The people with the authority don't rotate logs or delete packages after install in my environment. Standards, remediation, cohesion...all fancy foreign words to me. ============== How am I supposed to deal with / filesystem full issues across multiple platforms that have a devastating number of mounts? On Red Hat el5, du -x apparently avoids traversal into other filesystems. While this may be so, it does not appear to do anything if run from the / directory. On Solaris 10, the equivalent flag is du -d, which apparently packs no surprises, allowing Sun to uphold its legacy of inconvenience effortlessly. (I'm hoping I've just been doing it wrong.) I offer up for sacrifice my Frankenstein's monster. Tell me how ugly it is. Tell me I should download forbidden 3rd party software. Tell me I should perform unauthorized coreutils updates, piecemeal, across 2000 systems, with no single sign-on, no authorized keys, and no network update capability. Then, please help me make this bastard better: pwd / du * | egrep -v "$(echo $(df | awk '{print $1 "\n" $5 "\n" $6}' | \ cut -d\/ -f2-5 | egrep -v "[0-9]|^$|Filesystem|Use|Available|Mounted|blocks|vol|swap")| \ sed 's/ /\|/g')" | egrep -v "proc|sys|media|selinux|dev|platform|system|tmp|tmpfs|mnt|kernel" | \ cut -d\/ -f1-2 | sort -k2 -k1,1nr | uniq -f1 | sort -k1,1n | cut -f2 | xargs du -shx | \ egrep "G|[5-9][0-9]M|[1-9][0-9][0-9]M" My biggest failure and regret is that it still requires a single character edit for Solaris: pwd / du * | egrep -v "$(echo $(df | awk '{print $1 "\n" $5 "\n" $6}' | \ cut -d\/ -f2-5 | egrep -v "[0-9]|^$|Filesystem|Use|Available|Mounted|blocks|vol|swap")| \ sed 's/ /\|/g')" | egrep -v "proc|sys|media|selinux|dev|platform|system|tmp|tmpfs|mnt|kernel" | \ cut -d\/ -f1-2 | sort -k2 -k1,1nr | uniq -f1 | sort -k1,1n | cut -f2 | xargs du -shd | \ egrep "G|[5-9][0-9]M|[1-9][0-9][0-9]M" This will exclude all non / filesystems in a du search from the / directory by basically munging an egrepped df from a second pipe-delimited egrep regex subshell exclusion that is naturally further excluded upon by a third egrep in what I would like to refer to as "the whale." The munge-fest frantically escalates into some xargs du recycling where -x/-d is actually useful, and a final, gratuitous egrep spits out a list of directories that almost feels like an accomplishment: Linux: 54M etc/gconf 61M opt/quest 77M opt 118M usr/ ##===\ 149M etc 154M root 303M lib/modules 313M usr/java ##====\ 331M lib 357M usr/lib64 ##=====\ 433M usr/lib ##========\ 1.1G usr/share ##=======\ 3.2G usr/local ##========\ 5.4G usr ##<=============Ascending order to parent 94M app/SIP ##<==\ 94M app ##<=======Were reported as 7gb and then corrected by second du with -x. Solaris: 63M etc 490M bb 570M root/cores.ric.20100415 1.7G oec/archive 1.1G root/packages 2.2G root 1.7G oec Guess what? It's really slow. Edit: Are there any bash one-liner heroes out there than can turn my bloated abomination into divine intervention, or at least something resembling gingerly copypasta?

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• Backup media manager, library or similar reference application

  - by Tarnschaf

  I'm looking for a backup media manager that will keep me up-to-date on where my backups are, how they're stored and what's stored on them. I want it to be able to do and keep track of the following: my used backup media (e.g. DVD1, DVD2) my backed-up assets in high-level (such as "family-photos from 2003", "laptop drivers") details of the assets ("Ninas Birthday 2003") where the backup media is currently stored when the media has been burned (to re-burn in case of media degeneration). It should be possible to navigate back and forth between media and assets. I also thought about marking assets as "deprecated". If all assets on a media are deprecated, the program should tell me so I don't have to keep it any more. Does anyone know of a program with this feature-set? Or will I have to start my own reference in something like Access?

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• Disable MOUSE wakeup when doing suspend on UBUNTU

  - by Shadyabhi

  When I do SUSPEND on ubuntu, in order to wake up, i can just move the mouse and the computer will wake up. But, I dont want that the computer is waked up when I move my mouse. How can I do that? My /proc/acpi/wakeup file:- shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$ cat /proc/acpi/wakeup Device S-state Status Sysfs node SLPB S4 *enabled P32 S4 disabled pci:0000:00:1e.0 UAR1 S4 disabled pnp:00:09 ILAN S4 disabled pci:0000:00:19.0 PEGP S4 disabled PEX0 S4 disabled pci:0000:00:1c.0 PEX1 S4 disabled pci:0000:00:1c.1 PEX2 S4 disabled pci:0000:00:1c.2 PEX3 S4 disabled pci:0000:00:1c.3 PEX4 S4 disabled pci:0000:00:1c.4 PEX5 S4 disabled UHC1 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1d.0 UHC2 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1d.1 UHC3 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1d.2 UHC4 S3 disabled EHCI S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1d.7 EHC2 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1a.7 UH42 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1a.0 UHC5 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1a.1 UHC6 S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1a.2 AZAL S3 disabled pci:0000:00:1b.0 shadyabhi@shadyabhi-desktop:~$

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• How can I diff two Redhat Linux servers?

  - by Stuart Woodward

  I have two servers that have should have the same setup except for known differences. By running: find / \( -path /proc -o -path /sys -o -path /dev \) -prune -o -print | sort > allfiles.txt I can find a list of all the files on one server and compare it against the list of files on the the other server. This will show me the differences in the names of the files that reside on the servers. What I really want to do is run a checksum on all the files on both of the servers and compare them to also find where the contents are different. e.g find / \( -path /proc -o -path /sys -o -path /dev \) -prune -o -print | xargs /usr/bin/sha1sum Is this a sensible way to do this? I was thinking that rysnc already has most of this functionality but can it be used to provide the list of differences?

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• Why is the latency on one LVM volume consistently higher?

  - by David Schmitt

  I've got a server with LVM over RAID1. One of the volumes has a consistently higher IO latency (as measured by the diskstats_latency munin plugin) than the other volumes from the same group. As you can see, the dark orange /root volume has consistently high IO latency. Actually ten times the average latency of the physical devices. It also has the highest Min and Max values. My main concern are not the peaks, which occur under high load, but the constant load on (semi-)idle. The server is running Debian Squeeze with the VServer kernel and has four VServer containers and one KVM guest. I'm looking for ways to fix - or at least understand - this situation. Here're some parts of the system configuration: root@kvmhost2:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/system--host-root 19G 3.8G 14G 22% / tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 16G 224K 16G 1% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm /dev/md0 942M 37M 858M 5% /boot /dev/mapper/system--host-isos 28G 19G 8.1G 70% /srv/isos /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_a 30G 23G 6.0G 79% /var/lib/vservers/a /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_b 5.0G 594M 4.1G 13% /var/lib/vservers/b /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_c 5.0G 555M 4.2G 12% /var/lib/vservers/c /dev/loop0 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /media/debian-6.0.0-amd64-DVD-1 /dev/loop1 4.4G 4.4G 0 100% /media/debian-6.0.0-i386-DVD-1 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_d 74G 55G 16G 78% /var/lib/vservers/d root@kvmhost2:~# cat /proc/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 none /sys sysfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /proc proc rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0 none /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=16500836k,nr_inodes=4125209,mode=755 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-root / ext3 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,relatime,mode=755 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 rw,sync,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-isos /srv/isos ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_a /var/lib/vservers/a ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_b /var/lib/vservers/b ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_c /var/lib/vservers/c ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 /dev/loop0 /media/debian-6.0.0-amd64-DVD-1 iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0 /dev/loop1 /media/debian-6.0.0-i386-DVD-1 iso9660 ro,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/system--host-vs_d /var/lib/vservers/d ext3 rw,relatime,errors=continue,data=ordered 0 0 root@kvmhost2:~# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 975779968 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 979840 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> root@kvmhost2:~# iostat -x Linux 2.6.32-5-vserver-amd64 (kvmhost2) 06/28/2012 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 3.09 0.14 2.92 1.51 0.00 92.35 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 23.25 161.12 7.46 37.90 855.27 1596.62 54.05 0.13 2.80 1.76 8.00 sdb 22.82 161.36 7.36 37.66 850.29 1596.62 54.35 0.54 12.01 1.80 8.09 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.02 38.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md1 0.00 0.00 53.55 198.16 768.01 1585.25 9.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.48 20.21 16.70 161.71 8.62 0.26 12.72 0.77 1.60 dm-1 0.00 0.00 3.62 10.03 28.94 80.21 8.00 0.19 13.68 1.59 2.17 dm-2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.17 0.00 9.64 6.42 0.00 dm-3 0.00 0.00 6.73 0.41 53.87 3.28 8.00 0.02 3.44 0.12 0.09 dm-4 0.00 0.00 17.45 18.18 139.57 145.47 8.00 0.42 11.81 0.76 2.69 dm-5 0.00 0.00 2.50 46.38 120.50 371.07 10.06 0.69 14.20 0.46 2.26 dm-6 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.67 0.81 12.53 0.01 75.53 18.58 0.22 dm-7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.99 0.00 11.24 9.45 0.00 dm-8 0.00 0.00 22.69 102.76 407.25 822.09 9.80 0.97 7.71 0.39 4.95 dm-9 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.50 0.62 8.00 0.07 481.23 11.72 0.16 root@kvmhost2:~# ls -l /dev/mapper/ total 0 crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 May 11 11:19 control lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm1 -> ../dm-4 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm2 -> ../dm-3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-isos -> ../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 11:19 system--host-root -> ../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-swap -> ../dm-9 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_d -> ../dm-8 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_b -> ../dm-6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_c -> ../dm-7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:06 system--host-vs_a -> ../dm-5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jun 5 15:08 system--host-kvm3 -> ../dm-1 root@kvmhost2:~#

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• Why is mount -a not mounting fuse drive properly when executed remotely (via Fabric)?

  - by Jim D

  This is a weird bug and I'm not sure where it's coming from. Here's a quick run down of what I'm doing. I'm trying to mount a FUSE drive to an Amazon EC2 instance running Ubuntu 10.10 using s3fs (FUSE over Amazon). s3fs is compiled from source according to the instructions etc. I've also added an entry to /etc/fstab so that the drive mounts on boot. Here's what /etc/fstab looks like: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 LABEL=uec-rootfs / ext4 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda2 /mnt auto defaults,nobootwait,comment=cloudconfig 0 2 /dev/sda3 none swap sw,comment=cloudconfig 0 0 s3fs#mybucket /mnt/s3/mybucket fuse default_acl=public-read,use_cache=/tmp,allow_other 0 0 So the good news is that this works fine. On reboot the connection mounts correctly. I can also do: $ sudo umount /mnt/s3/mybucket $ sudo mount -a $ mountpoint /mnt/s3/mybucket /mnt/s3/mybucket is a mountpoint Great, right? Well here's the problem. I'm using Fabric to automate the process of building and managing this instance. I noticed I was getting this error message when using Fabric to build s3fs and set up the mount process: mountpoint: /mnt/s3/mybucket: Transport endpoint is not connected I isolated it down the the problem and built a fabric task that reproduces the problem: def remount_s3fs(): sudo("mount -a") Which does: [ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.compute-1.amazonaws.com] Executing task 'remount_s3fs' [ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.compute-1.amazonaws.com] sudo: mount -a [And yes, I was sure to unmount it before running this task.] When I check the mount using mountpoint I get: $ mountpoint /mnt/s3/mybucket mountpoint: /mnt/s3/mybucket: Transport endpoint is not connected Done. But if I run sudo mount -a at the command line, it works. Hrm. Here is that fab task output again, this time in full debug mode: [ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.compute-1.amazonaws.com] Executing task 'remount_s3fs' [ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.compute-1.amazonaws.com] sudo: sudo -S -p 'sudo password:' /bin/bash -l -c "mount -a" Again, I get that transport endpoint not connected error. I've also tried copying and pasting the exact command run into my ssh session (i.e. sudo -S -p 'sudo password:' /bin/bash -l -c "mount -a") and it works fine. So...that's my problem. Any ideas?

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• How do I unmount a tmpfs that is missing from /etc/mtab?

  - by vrinek

  I have the following line in /etc/fstab: none /home/hydra/tmp tmpfs user,noauto,size=1000M,uid=1001,gid=1001 0 0 I can do mount ~/tmp as user hydra and it gets mounted ok. The only problem is that even thought it gets added to /proc/mounts, it does not get added to /etc/mtab. When I try a umount ~/tmp (again as hydra) it complains: umount: /home/hydra/tmp is not mounted (according to mtab) And when I try -f or -n, it complains that I am not root. Some more info on the system that manifests this problem: On sudo umount /home/hydra/tmp, the fs gets unmounted (I think I needed to used -f too) Debian version is testing mount --version - mount from util-linux 2.19.1 (with libblkid and selinux support) ls -l /etc/mtab - -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 921 Nov 14 09:08 /etc/mtab cat /proc/mounts | grep rootfs - rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 /home, /home/hydra nor /home/hydra/tmp are symbolic links

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• load-causing processes disappearing from "top" ps -o pcpu shows bogus numbers

  - by Alec Matusis

  I administer a large number of servers, and I have this problem only with Ubuntu 10.04 LTS: I run a server under normal load (say load average 3.0 on an 8-core server). The "top" command shows processes taking certain % of CPU that cause this load average: say PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 11008 mysql 20 0 25.9g 22g 5496 S 67 76.0 643539:38 mysqld ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 53.1 11008 , everything is consistent. The all of the sudden, the process causing the load average disappears from "top", but the process continues to run normally (albeit with a slight performance decrease), and the system load average becomes somewhat higher. The output of ps -o pcpu becomes bogus: # ps -o pcpu,pid -p11008 %CPU PID 317910278 1587 This happened to at least 5 different severs (different brand new IBM System X hardware), each running different software: one httpd 2.2, one mysqld 5.1, and one Twisted Python TCP servers. Each time the kernel was between 2.6.32-32-server and 2.6.32-40-server. I updated some machines to 2.6.32-41-server, and it has not happened on those yet, but the bug is rare (once every 60 days or so). This is from an affected machine: top - 10:39:06 up 73 days, 17:57, 3 users, load average: 6.62, 5.60, 5.34 Tasks: 207 total, 2 running, 205 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 11.4%us, 18.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 66.3%id, 4.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 74341464k total, 71985004k used, 2356460k free, 236456k buffers Swap: 3906552k total, 328k used, 3906224k free, 24838212k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 805 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 3 0.0 1493:09 fct0-worker 982 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 111:35.05 fioa-data-groom 914 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 884:42.71 fct1-worker 1068 root 20 0 19364 1496 1060 R 0 0.0 0:00.02 top Nothing causing high load is showing on top, but I have two highly loaded mysqld instances on it, that suddenly show crazy %CPU: #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1587 %CPU PID CMD 317713124 1587 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld and #ps -o pcpu,pid,cmd -p1624 %CPU PID CMD 2802 1624 /nail/encap/mysql-5.1.60/libexec/mysqld Here are the numbers from # cat /proc/1587/stat 1587 (mysqld) S 1212 1088 1088 0 -1 4202752 14307313 0 162 0 85773299069 4611685932654088833 0 0 20 0 52 0 3549 27255418880 5483524 18446744073709551615 4194304 11111617 140733749236976 140733749235984 8858659 0 552967 4102 26345 18446744073709551615 0 0 17 5 0 0 0 0 0 the 14th and 15th numbers according to man proc are supposed to be utime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). This includes guest time, guest_time (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), so that applications that are not aware of the guest time field do not lose that time from their calculations. stime %lu Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, measured in clock ticks (divide by sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK). On a normal server, these numbers are advancing, every time I check the /proc/PID/stat. On a buggy server, these numbers are stuck at a ridiculously high value like 4611685932654088833, and it's not changing. Has anyone encountered this bug?

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• How to get an inactive RAID device working again?

  - by Jonik

  After booting, my RAID1 device (/dev/md_d0 *) sometimes goes in some funny state and I cannot mount it. * Originally I created /dev/md0 but it has somehow changed itself into /dev/md_d0. # mount /opt mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md_d0, missing codepage or helper program, or other error (could this be the IDE device where you in fact use ide-scsi so that sr0 or sda or so is needed?) In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so The RAID device appears to be inactive somehow: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md_d0 : inactive sda4[0](S) 241095104 blocks # mdadm --detail /dev/md_d0 mdadm: md device /dev/md_d0 does not appear to be active. Question is, how to make the device active again (using mdmadm, I presume)? (Other times it's alright (active) after boot, and I can mount it manually without problems. But it still won't mount automatically even though I have it in /etc/fstab: /dev/md_d0 /opt ext4 defaults 0 0 So a bonus question: what should I do to make the RAID device automatically mount at /opt at boot time?) This is an Ubuntu 9.10 workstation. Background info about my RAID setup in this question. Edit: My /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf looks like this. I've never touched this file, at least by hand. # by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks. # alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired. DEVICE partitions # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR <my mail address> # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Wed, 27 Jan 2010 17:14:36 +0200 In /proc/partitions the last entry is md_d0 at least now, after reboot, when the device happens to be active again. (I'm not sure if it would be the same when it's inactive.) Resolution: as Jimmy Hedman suggested, I took the output of mdadm --examine --scan: ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=de8fbd92[...] and added it in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf, which seems to have fixed the main problem. After changing /etc/fstab to use /dev/md0 again (instead of /dev/md_d0), the RAID device also gets automatically mounted!

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• Router 2wire, Slackware desktop in DMZ mode, iptables policy aginst ping, but still pingable

  - by skriatok

  I'm in DMZ mode, so I'm firewalling myself, stealthy all ok, but I get faulty test results from Shields Up that there are pings. Yesterday I couldn't make a connection to game servers work, because ping block was enabled (on the router). I disabled it, but this persists even due to my firewall. What is the connection between me and my router in DMZ mode (for my machine, there is bunch of others too behind router firewall)? When it allows router affecting if I'm pingable or not and if router has setting not blocking ping, rules in my iptables for this scenario do not work. Please ignore commented rules, I do uncomment them as I want. These two should do the job right? iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all Here are my iptables: #!/bin/sh # Begin /bin/firewall-start # Insert connection-tracking modules (not needed if built into the kernel). #modprobe ip_tables #modprobe iptable_filter #modprobe ip_conntrack #modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp #modprobe ipt_state #modprobe ipt_LOG # allow local-only connections iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # free output on any interface to any ip for any service # (equal to -P ACCEPT) iptables -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # permit answers on already established connections # and permit new connections related to established ones (eg active-ftp) iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #Gamespy&NWN #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -m multiport --ports 5120:5129 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 6667 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 28910 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29900 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29901 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 29920 --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp -m multiport --ports 5120:5129 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 6500 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 27900 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 27901 -j ACCEPT #iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 29910 -j ACCEPT # Log everything else: What's Windows' latest exploitable vulnerability? iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "FIREWALL:INPUT" # set a sane policy: everything not accepted > /dev/null iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP # be verbose on dynamic ip-addresses (not needed in case of static IP) echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr # disable ExplicitCongestionNotification - too many routers are still # ignorant echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn #ping death echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all # If you are frequently accessing ftp-servers or enjoy chatting you might # notice certain delays because some implementations of these daemons have # the feature of querying an identd on your box for your username for # logging. Although there's really no harm in this, having an identd # running is not recommended because some implementations are known to be # vulnerable. # To avoid these delays you could reject the requests with a 'tcp-reset': #iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 113 -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset #iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 113 -m state --state RELATED -j ACCEPT # To log and drop invalid packets, mostly harmless packets that came in # after netfilter's timeout, sometimes scans: #iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp -m state --state INVALID -j LOG --log-prefix \ "FIREWALL:INVALID" #iptables -I INPUT 2 -p tcp -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # End /bin/firewall-start Active ruleset: bash-4.1# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy DROP 38 packets, 2228 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 844 542K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 38 2228 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 LOG flags 0 level 4 prefix `FIREWALL:INPUT' 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 38 2228 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 LOG flags 0 level 4 prefix `FIREWALL:INPUT' Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1158 111K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Active ruleset: (after editing iptables into below sugested form) bash-4.1# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy DROP 2567 packets, 172K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 49 4157 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 412K 441M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2567 172K LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 LOG flags 0 level 4 prefix `FIREWALL:INPUT' 0 0 DROP icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 8 Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 312K packets, 25M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination ping and syslog simultaneous screenshots from phone (pinger) and from laptop (being pinged) http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4160051/slckwr/pingfrom%20mobile.jpg http://dl.dropbox.com/u/4160051/slckwr/tailsyslog.jpg

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• High disk time on sql-server

  - by Patrik

  Hi We have a dedicated sql-server 2008 r2 enterprise edition. The setup is: D: (data files) - stored on local ssd disks (not the same disks as log files) (raid 10) E: (log files) - stored on local ssd disks (not the same disks as data files) (raid 1) F: (transaction log backup) - stored remote on a SAN Today we moved our log files to new disks (from F: to E:). From a shared volume ( F:(SAN)) to dedicated local disks (E:). What then happend was that the "disk time", "avg. transfer time" and "avg disk write queue length" increased on the volume where we have the data files (D:) (not on the volume where the log files are located). The data volume and log volume does not share disks, however they share the same controller card. "Disk idle time" is low for all volumes. One thought is ofcourse that the controller card might be overloaded. But, we need more ideas on where the problem might be.

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• Where does netstat get the process name?

  - by tjameson

  I am developing a node application and there is an option to set the process title (process name). This only sets it in some tools (like ps and top), but not in htop or netstat. I found this article that explained how most applications do it, but it doesn't change in netstat. That lead me to wonder where those programs are getting the process name. Would they be getting it from /proc/##/cmdline? (## being the PID of the process) I figure messing with things in /proc is a bad idea (and probably not possible), so if this is where those programs are getting it, is there a way to change it?

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