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• Formal Languages, Inductive Proofs &amp; Regular Expressions

  - by MarkPearl

  So I am slogging away at my UNISA stuff. I have just finished doing the initial once non stop read through the first 11 chapters of my COS 201 Textbook - “Introduction to Computer Theory 2nd Edition” by Daniel Cohen. It has been an interesting couple of days, with familiar concepts coming up as well as some new territory. In this posting I am going to cover the first couple of chapters of the book. Let start with Formal Languages… What exactly is a formal language? Pretty much a no duh question for me but still a good one to ask – a formal language is a language that is defined in a precise mathematical way. Does that mean that the English language is a formal language? I would say no – and my main motivation for this is that one can have an English sentence that is correct grammatically that is also ambiguous. For example the ambiguous sentence: "I once shot an elephant in my pyjamas.” For this and possibly many other reasons that I am unaware of, English is termed a “Natural Language”. So why the importance of formal languages in computer science? Again a no duh question in my mind… If we want computers to be effective and useful tools then we need them to be able to evaluate a series of commands in some form of language that when interpreted by the device no confusion will exist as to what we were requesting. Imagine the mayhem that would exist if a computer misinterpreted a command to print a document and instead decided to delete it. So what is a Formal Language made up of… For my study purposes a language is made up of a finite alphabet. For a formal language to exist there needs to be a specification on the language that will describe whether a string of characters has membership in the language or not. There are two basic ways to do this: By a “machine” that will recognize strings of the language (e.g. Finite Automata). By a rule that describes how strings of a language can be formed (e.g. Regular Expressions). When we use the phrase “string of characters”, we can also be referring to a “word”. What is an Inductive Proof? So I am not to far into my textbook and of course it starts referring to proofs and different types. I have had to go through several different approaches of proofs in the past, but I can never remember their formal names , so when I saw “inductive proof” I thought to myself – what the heck is that? Google to the rescue… An inductive proof is like a normal proof but it employs a neat trick which allows you to prove a statement about an arbitrary number n by first proving it is true when n is 1 and then assuming it is true for n=k and showing it is true for n=k+1. The idea is that if you want to show that someone can climb to the nth floor of a fire escape, you need only show that you can climb the ladder up to the fire escape (n=1) and then show that you know how to climb the stairs from any level of the fire escape (n=k) to the next level (n=k+1). Does this sound like a form of recursion? No surprise then that in the same chapter they deal with recursive definitions. An example of a recursive definition for the language EVEN would the 3 rules below: 2 is in EVEN If x is in EVEN then so is x+2 The only elements in the set EVEN are those that be produced by the rules above. Nothing to exciting… So if a definition for a language is done recursively, then it makes sense that the language can be proved using induction. Regular Expressions So I am wondering to myself what use is this all – in fact – I find this the biggest challenge to any university material is that it is quite hard to find the immediate practical applications of some theory in real life stuff. How great was my joy when I suddenly saw the word regular expression being introduced. I had been introduced to regular expressions on Stack Overflow where I was trying to recognize if some text measurement put in by a user was in a valid form or not. For instance, the imperial system of measurement where you have feet and inches can be represented in so many different ways. I had eventually turned to regular expressions as an easy way to check if my parser could correctly parse the text or not and convert it to a normalize measurement. So some rules about languages and regular expressions… Any finite language can be represented by at least one if not more regular expressions A regular expressions is almost a rule syntax for expressing how regular languages can be formed regular expressions are cool For a regular expression to be valid for a language it must be able to generate all the words in the language and no other words. This is important. It doesn’t help me if my regular expression parses 100% of my measurement texts but also lets one or two invalid texts to pass as well. Okay, so this posting jumps around a bit – but introduces some very basic fundamentals for the subject which will be built on in later postings… Time to go and do some practical examples now…

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• How to Increase the VMWare Boot Screen Delay

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  If you’ve wanted to try out a bootable CD or USB flash drive in a virtual machine environment, you’ve probably noticed that VMWare’s offerings make it difficult to change the boot device. We’ll show you how to change these options. You can do this either for one boot, or permanently for a particular virtual machine. Even experienced users of VMWare Player or Workstation may not recognize the screen above – it’s the virtual machine’s BIOS, which in most cases flashes by in the blink of an eye. If you want to boot up the virtual machine with a CD or USB key instead of the hard drive, then you’ll need more than an eye’s-blink to press Escape and bring up the Boot Menu. Fortunately, there is a way to introduce a boot delay that isn’t exposed in VMWare’s graphical interface – you have to edit the virtual machine’s settings file (a .vmx file) manually. Editing the Virtual Machine’s .vmx Find the .vmx file that contains the settings for your virtual machine. You chose a location for this when you created the virtual machine – in Windows, the default location is a folder called My Virtual Machines in your My Documents folder. In VMWare Workstation, the location of the .vmx file is listed on the virtual machine’s tab. If in doubt, search your hard drive for .vmx files. If you don’t want to use Windows default search, an awesome utility that locates files instantly is Everything. Open the .vmx file with any text editor. Somewhere in this file, enter in the following line… save the file, then close out of the text editor: bios.bootdelay = 20000 This will introduce a 20 second delay when the virtual machine loads up, giving you plenty of time to press the Escape button and access the boot menu. The number in this line is just a value in milliseconds, so for a five second boot delay, enter 5000, and so on. Change Boot Options Temporarily Now, when you boot up your virtual machine, you’ll have plenty of time to enter one of the keystrokes listed at the bottom of the BIOS screen on boot-up. Press Escape to bring up the Boot Menu. This allows you to select a different device to boot from – like a CD drive. Your selection will be forgotten the next time you boot up this virtual machine. Change Boot Options Permanently When the BIOS screen comes up, press F2 to enter the BIOS Setup menu. Switch to the Boot tab, and change the ordering of the items by pressing the “+” key to move items up on the list, and the “-” key to move items down the list. We’ve switched the order so that the CD-ROM Drive boots first. Once you make this change permanent, you may want to re-edit the .vmx file to remove the boot delay. Boot from a USB Flash Drive One thing that is noticeably missing from the list of boot options is a USB device. VMWare’s BIOS just does not allow this, but we can get around that limitation using the PLoP Boot Manager that we’ve previously written about. And as a bonus, since everything is virtual anyway, there’s no need to actually burn PLoP to a CD. Open the settings for the virtual machine you want to boot with a USB drive. Click on Add… at the bottom of the settings screen, and select CD/DVD Drive. Click Next. Click the Use ISO Image radio button, and click Next. Browse to find plpbt.iso or plpbtnoemul.iso from the PLoP zip file. Ensure that Connect at power on is checked, and then click Finish. Click OK on the main Virtual Machine Settings page. Now, if you use the steps above to boot using that CD/DVD drive, PLoP will load, allowing you to boot from a USB drive! Conclusion We’re big fans of VMWare Player and Workstation, as they let us try out a ton of geeky things without worrying about harming our systems. By introducing a boot delay, we can add bootable CDs and USB drives to the list of geeky things we can try out. Download PLoP Boot Manager Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips How To Switch to Console Mode for Ubuntu VMware GuestHack: Turn Off Debug Mode in VMWare Workstation 6 BetaStart Your Computer More Quickly by Delaying the Startup of a Service in VistaEnable Hidden BootScreen in Windows VistaEnable Copy and Paste from Ubuntu VMware Guest TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 OutlookStatView Scans and Displays General Usage Statistics How to Add Exceptions to the Windows Firewall Office 2010 reviewed in depth by Ed Bott FoxClocks adds World Times in your Statusbar (Firefox) Have Fun Editing Photo Editing with Citrify Outlook Connector Upgrade Error

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• Ingame menu is not working correctly

  - by Johnny

  The ingame menu opens when the player presses Escape during the main game. If the player presses Y in the ingame menu, the game switches to the main menu. Up to here, everything works. But: On the other hand, if the player presses N in the ingame menu, the game should switch back to the main game(should resume the main game). But that doesn't work. The game just rests in the ingame menu if the player presses N. I set a breakpoint in this line of the Ingamemenu class: KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); CurrentSate/currentGameState and LastState/lastGameState have the same state: IngamemenuState. But LastState/lastGameState should not have the same state than CurrentSate/currentGameState. What is wrong? Why is the ingame menu not working correctly? public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; IState lastState, currentState; public enum GameStates { IntroState = 0, MenuState = 1, MaingameState = 2, IngamemenuState = 3 } public void ChangeGameState(GameStates newState) { lastGameState = currentGameState; lastState = currentState; switch (newState) { case GameStates.IntroState: currentState = new Intro(this); currentGameState = GameStates.IntroState; break; case GameStates.MenuState: currentState = new Menu(this); currentGameState = GameStates.MenuState; break; case GameStates.MaingameState: currentState = new Maingame(this); currentGameState = GameStates.MaingameState; break; case GameStates.IngamemenuState: currentState = new Ingamemenu(this); currentGameState = GameStates.IngamemenuState; break; } currentState.Load(Content); } public void ChangeCurrentToLastGameState() { currentGameState = lastGameState; currentState = lastState; } public GameStates CurrentState { get { return currentGameState; } set { currentGameState = value; } } public GameStates LastState { get { return lastGameState; } set { lastGameState = value; } } private GameStates currentGameState = GameStates.IntroState; private GameStates lastGameState; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void Initialize() { ChangeGameState(GameStates.IntroState); base.Initialize(); } protected override void LoadContent() { spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); currentState.Load(Content); } protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime) { currentState.Update(gameTime); if ((lastGameState == GameStates.MaingameState) && (currentGameState == GameStates.IngamemenuState)) { lastState.Update(gameTime); } base.Update(gameTime); } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); spriteBatch.Begin(); if ((lastGameState == GameStates.MaingameState) && (currentGameState == GameStates.IngamemenuState)) { lastState.Render(spriteBatch); } currentState.Render(spriteBatch); spriteBatch.End(); base.Draw(gameTime); } } public interface IState { void Load(ContentManager content); void Update(GameTime gametime); void Render(SpriteBatch batch); } public class Intro : IState { Texture2D Titelbildschirm; private Game1 game1; public Intro(Game1 game) { game1 = game; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { Titelbildschirm = content.Load<Texture2D>("gruft"); } public void Update(GameTime gametime) { KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) game1.ChangeGameState(Game1.GameStates.MenuState); } public void Render(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(Titelbildschirm, new Rectangle(0, 0, 1280, 720), Color.White); } } public class Menu:IState { Texture2D Choosescreen; private Game1 game1; public Menu(Game1 game) { game1 = game; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { Choosescreen = content.Load<Texture2D>("menubild"); } public void Update(GameTime gametime) { KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Enter)) game1.ChangeGameState(Game1.GameStates.MaingameState); if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) game1.Exit(); } public void Render(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(Choosescreen, new Rectangle(0, 0, 1280, 720), Color.White); } } public class Maingame : IState { Texture2D Spielbildschirm, axe; Vector2 position = new Vector2(100,100); private Game1 game1; public Maingame(Game1 game) { game1 = game; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { Spielbildschirm = content.Load<Texture2D>("hauszombie"); axe = content.Load<Texture2D>("axxx"); } public void Update(GameTime gametime) { KeyboardState keyboardState = Keyboard.GetState(); float delta = (float)gametime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; position.X += 5 * delta; position.Y += 3 * delta; if (keyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Escape)) game1.ChangeGameState(Game1.GameStates.IngamemenuState); } public void Render(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(Spielbildschirm, new Rectangle(0, 0, 1280, 720), Color.White); batch.Draw(axe, position, Color.White); } } public class Ingamemenu : IState { Texture2D Quitscreen; private Game1 game1; public Ingamemenu(Game1 game) { game1 = game; } public void Load(ContentManager content) { Quitscreen = content.Load<Texture2D>("quit"); } public void Update(GameTime gametime) { KeyboardState kbState = Keyboard.GetState(); if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Y)) game1.ChangeGameState(Game1.GameStates.MenuState); if (kbState.IsKeyDown(Keys.N)) game1.ChangeCurrentToLastGameState(); } public void Render(SpriteBatch batch) { batch.Draw(Quitscreen, new Rectangle(200, 200, 200, 200), Color.White); } }

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• Remote Desktop Mobile mangles barcodes coming from scanner

  - by sfonck

  We have an application here using handhelds to scan barcodes. These handhelds are actually making a remote desktop session towards a server where the application runs. Works fine. Now we have bought some new Motorola MC55's running 'Windows Mobile 6.1 Classic', and when using the application over remote desktop: it mangles the characters of the barcodes.... I already tried following things: When scanning a barcode on the MC55 itself it is displayed correctly When scanning a barcode via the remote desktop into a notepad session it is incorrect. Played with all options of the 'Remote Desktop Mobile' - no result Disabled 'autocorrect' and 'suggest words when entering text' on the input settings - no result The strange things is: a barcode which consists of only numbers gets scanned correctly the mangled characters comes through in lower case For some codes \t is mangled in between (should normally be entered after the barcode) e.g.: 'PERIN4' becomes 'ERINp4' 'MGZB' becomes 'GZB m' 'BAK664' becomes 'AK664 b' 'MAGBFA01' becomes 'AGBFmA01' '5021879949500' gets scanned correctly Final solution: Suppllier of the handhelds said the handheld was sending the characters too fast over the remote desktop connection. They changed the handheld to wait for 50ms between sending each character, which produced correct results right now. Scanning a barcode became somewhat slower but it's almost not remarkable to endusers.

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• Where can I find a useful multi-language Unicode font for Mac OS X?

  - by Stephen Jennings

  On every browser I've tried (Firefox, Safari, Chrome, and Omniweb), when I go to a web page containing somewhat less-common characters, I can't see the glyphs. For example, on the Wikipedia page for the Bengali Language, the very first line contains a string of squares; on Windows, I can see the Bengali writing. Firefox does display code points on the Coptic Language article, but not Bengali. I'm not sure why. On Windows, as long as I have the Arial Unicode MS font installed, these characters fall back to that font and display properly. Mac OS X doesn't seem to ship with a font containing these Unicode characters (it has Arial Unicode MS, but it must be a subset of the Windows version because Bengali doesn't display in that font). I checked on my Snow Leopard DVD and I installed "Additional Fonts" from the Optional Installs package, but I'm still missing many languages. Is there any good, free font that contains a large collection of languages? I know creating fonts is difficult and time-consuming, but it seems like including at least one font like this with operating systems should be standard by now.

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• Font for Wine that supports the entire character set of the Win32 Console?

  - by Brian Campbell

  I would like to be able to display in the Wine console all characters that the Win32 console can display. I've written a small test program to print out all 8-bit characters: #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i, j; for (i = 0; i <= 0xF0; i+=0x10) { for (j = i; j <= i + 0x0F; ++j) printf("%2x:%c", j, (char)j); printf("\n"); } getchar(); return 0; } Under Wine, the best I can do so far is using Andale Mono: While this is what I see on Windows Server 2008: Is there anywhere I can legally download a font that will allow me to view all of those characters under Wine? edit I've found a set of DOS fonts that includes a CP437 font, which should cover the character set I'm interested in. However, even if I install this font, wineconsole doesn't seem to recognize it. Is there any way I can get wineconsole to use this font, or convert this font to a format that wineconsole can use? Or is there any way I can extract fonts from DOSEMU for use in Wine? Oh, and I should probably mention that I'm on Mac OS X 10.6.2, installing Wine via MacPorts, using the wine-devel package. more information I have tried installing some console fonts that should cover the full character set as Mac OS X fonts (such as the NewDOS font listed above, and a font I tried converting from the fonts supplied by DOSEMU). Wine does not seem to pick up on new fonts installed in Mac OS X. Is there a way to register new fonts I've installed with Wine? Would manually editing the system.reg file that seems to contain font mappings work, or is there something else I'd need to do? bump Bounty ends soon, I'm still looking for an answer for this. Does anyone use the Wine console for complex text user interfaces?

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• Saving a file in a CSV type in Excel always removes the BOM

  - by rickp

  I've been trying to find a reasonable solution/explanation (unsuccessfully) to find out why Excel defaults to removing the BOM when saving a file to the CSV type. Please forgive me if you find this a duplicate of this question. This handles reading CSV files with non-ASCII encoding, but it doesn't cover saving the file back out (which is where the biggest issue lies). Here is my current situation (which I'm going to gather is common among localized software dealing with Unicode characters and a CSV format): We export data to a CSV format using UTF-16LE, ensuring the BOM is set (0xFFFE). We validate after the file is generated with a Hex editor to ensure it was set correctly. Open the file in Excel (for this example we're exporting Japanese characters) and witness that Excel handles loading the file with the correct encoding. Attempts to save this file will prompt you with a warning message indicating that the file may contain features that may not be compatible with Unicode encoding, but asks if you'd like to save anyway. If you select the Save As dialog, it will immediately ask you to save the file as "Unicode Text" rather than CSV. If you select the "CSV" extension and save the file it removes the BOM (obviously along with all the Japanese characters). Why would this happen? Is there a solution to this problem, or is this a known 'bug'/limitation of Excel? Additionally (as a side issue) it appears that Excel, when loading UTF-16LE encoded CSV files, only uses TAB delimiters. Again, is this another known 'bug'/limitation of Excel?

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• How can I configure apache to cache the images that it is serving? Right now it is giving headers t

  - by Tchalvak

  Serving up images that don't seem to cache There's a LAPP (postgresql instead of mysql) running over on http://ninjawars.net. I just recently noticed that images don't seem to be caching with any kind of good frequency as I was reloading a page with a few images on it here: http://www.ninjawars.net/attack_player.php Here is an example image (they're probably all being served exactly the same): http://www.ninjawars.net/images/characters/fighter.png Checking the header, it seems that the caching is set to: Cache-Control:max-age=0 (the full header for this image-like-all-the-others is... Request URL:http://www.ninjawars.net/images/characters/fighter.png Request Method:GET Status Code:200 OK Request Headers Accept:application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,/;q=0.5 Cache-Control:max-age=0 Referer:http://www.ninjawars.net/images/characters/fighter.png User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.375.3 Safari/533.4 Response Headers Accept-Ranges:bytes Content-Length:938 Content-Type:image/png Date:Thu, 13 May 2010 21:24:07 GMT ETag:"ffd4d-3aa-4837efc120540" Last-Modified:Mon, 05 Apr 2010 15:28:45 GMT Server:Apache ) So what modules or config or htaccess or whatever do I change to have it cache images, e.g. for 24 hours?

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• Gvim on Windows 7: ALT codes not working

  - by John Sonderson

  I would like to be able to enter ALT codes in Gvim on Windows 7 as documented on the following site: Alt Codes On Windows (Windows 7 in my case), to generate a character via an ALT code you make sure that the NumLock key on your keypad is toggled on, hold down the ALT key, enter the keycode on the numeric keypad, and then release the ALT key. However this does not work in Gvim on Windows (which ignores the fact that I am pressing the ALT key and just prints to entered keypad key directly onto the screen). How can I get these keystroke combinations to work in Gvim as well? Thanks. EDIT: As the answer below points out, the way to insert non-ASCII characters for which you do not have entries on your keyboard without changing the keyboard layout is as follows: Make sure you are in insert mode, and then type CTRL-V followed by the Unicode character code of interest, for instance: CTRL-V u00E0 (generates à) CTRL-V u00C8 (generates È) CTRL-V u00E8 (generates è) CTRL-V u00E9 (generates é) CTRL-V u00EC (generates ì) CTRL-V u00F2 (generates ò) etc... See for instance http://unicode-table.com/ for a full list of Unicode character codes. The following list of Unicode characters by language may also be useful: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters In some cases such as this one, though, there might be an easier way to enter special characters (see :help digraphs and :digraphs). For example, while in insert mode you may be able to type the following: CTRL-K E! (yields É) CTRL-K a' (yields á) Note that as the following page shows: http://code.google.com/p/vim/source/browse/runtime/doc/digraph.txt Gvim 7.4 contains an even wider set of default digraphs than Gvim 7.3, thus providing convenience to an even broader set of languages. Regards.

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• PhpMyAdmin import/export - strange character encoding issues.

  - by John Hunt

  Hello, I'm migrating a site to a new host, and there are a couple of databases on there. There's no SSH access so I'm stuck with phpmyadmin. The issue is that certain characters (namely just whitespace) seems to being corrupt on the new site (same html, and apache doesn't seem to be messing with any encodings - you can see the strange characters have changed when I use less on my linux machine after downloading a table dump from both servers.) The issue isn't as bad if I import into the new database as utf-8 - whitespace characters only have one funny A type symbol instead of two. I've been trying various combinations of character encoding etc to no avail. Exporting from: phpMyAdmin 2.6.2 MySQL 4.1.20 MySQL connection collation: utf8_general_ci MySQL charset: UTF-8 Unicode (utf8) Collation on tables and their fields is: latin1_swedish_ci Importing to: phpMyAdmin - 2.11.9.2 MySQL client version: 5.0.45 MySQL charset: UTF-8 Unicode (utf8) MySQL connection collation: utf8_general_ci The import sql has this kind of thing in it: ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=192 ; I get the impression this is actually a bug or something with mysqldump as nothing seems to work.. does anyone have any insight into this? Cheers, John.

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• How to make emacs accept UTF-8 from the keyboard

  - by Brent.Longborough

  My friends have persuaded me to "try again" (about the 5th time in about 12 years) with emacs. I'm currently suffering a little, and need help with emacs + utf-8. I'm running the 23.3.1 emacs gui on Windows 7 with my own custom keyboard layout (built with MS Keyboard Layout Creator). The layout has a full ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) character set, plus some additional characters from ISO-8859-9 (Latin-5, gis etc for Turkish) and w for Welsh (don't know where that one lives). In my .emacs, I have (blindly) added these lines: ;; key board / input method settings (setq locale-coding-system 'utf-8) (set-terminal-coding-system 'utf-8) (set-keyboard-coding-system 'utf-8) (set-language-environment 'UTF-8) ; prefer utf-8 for language settings Now, when I enter characters from ISO Latin-1 from the keyboard, they are accepted without problems, but characters from outside Latin-1 are "translated" to an approximate character in Latin-1. Thus, for example, Latin-5 "g" gets converted to a plain "g". Cutting and pasting, however, work fine. Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong? I should like to make everything I do with emacs utf-8 with BOM.

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• My Windows 7 has suddenly stopped displaying Unicode symbols

  - by Felix Dombek

  For some strange reason, my computer suddenly doesn't show certain unicode characters anymore! I have no idea what happened. Affected applications include Windows Explorer (should be Japanese characters), Google Chrome (should be a heart), and Winamp (should be stars): Russian, German etc. characters are displayed normally. Chrome also displays Japanese script on websites, but not in the GUI. How can I fix it? Update: I have tried to use System Restore to fix it. I needed to go back in time quite a while because the most recent restore points didn't solve it so I used one from the middle of November. After that restore, Unicode symbols were displayed again. Then I updated my system with Windows Update again because those were removed during the restore. After that, the error occurred again! I then did a restore to a point before my new updates, but the error persists, and the old restore point (which I used before) is gone and there are currently no other snapshots of the system. Any suggestions on what to do now? Update 2: I could find a workaround: Control Panel ? Region and Language ? Administration ? Change Language for Unicode-incompatible programs to Japanese (Japan). All mentioned programs display their symbols correctly again. However, I don't consider this a fix because these programs are not usually Unicode-incompatible, and it also leads to some (non-serious) artifacts in some programs. I still welcome an answer that tells me what went wrong here and how to fix the issue.

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• SQL Error (1064) when importing data from SQL file

  - by mejpark

  I have a MySQL database, which was originally set up with the default latin1 character set and latin1_swedish_ci collation. I was using the database like this for sometime, until I noticed strange characters on my production web site, which is powered by a database exported from my development machine. At this point, I changed the default character set of the database and tables to utf8 and the collation to utf8_unicode_ci, converted the latin1 data inside each table to utf8 (using the 'convert data' option) and exported the database as a single SQL file using HeidiSQL. When the resulting SQL file is opened in Notepad++, several characters are rendered incorrectly. For example, en dashes (-) are displayed as – and e with accent (é) are displayed as é. I changed the encoding of the file from ANSI to UTF-8 (using the encoding menu option in Notepad++) and the offending characters are rendered correctly. I saved the new utf8-encoded SQL file and attempted to import the contents into the MySQL database on my production server. The import process fails with following error: /* SQL Error (1064): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '?# -------------------------------------------------------- # Host: ' at line 1 */ /* Error with snippets directory: The specified path was not found */ The head of the SQL file: # -------------------------------------------------------- # Host: 127.0.0.1 # Server version: 5.1.33-community # Server OS: Win32 # HeidiSQL version: 6.0.0.3773 # Date/time: 2011-04-20 09:48:36 # -------------------------------------------------------- It chokes on the first line of the file, which is commented out. Why is this happening? I didn't have a problem loading data from SQL files until I changed the character set and collation of the database. I came up with an ugly workaround to this problem by performing following steps: Export database as single SQL file using HeidiSQL Open resulting file in Notepad++ and convert from ANSI to UTF-8 encoding Create new empty file in Notepad++, paste in UTF-8 and save file normally What am I missing here?

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• Saving a file in a CSV type in Excel always removes the BOM

  - by rickp

  I've been trying to find a reasonable solution/explanation (unsuccessfully) to find out why Excel defaults to removing the BOM when saving a file to the CSV type. Please forgive me if you find this a duplicate of this question. This handles reading CSV files with non-ASCII encoding, but it doesn't cover saving the file back out (which is where the biggest issue lies). Here is my current situation (which I'm going to gather is common among localized software dealing with Unicode characters and a CSV format): We export data to a CSV format using UTF-16LE, ensuring the BOM is set (0xFFFE). We validate after the file is generated with a Hex editor to ensure it was set correctly. Open the file in Excel (for this example we're exporting Japanese characters) and witness that Excel handles loading the file with the correct encoding. Attempts to save this file will prompt you with a warning message indicating that the file may contain features that may not be compatible with Unicode encoding, but asks if you'd like to save anyway. If you select the Save As dialog, it will immediately ask you to save the file as "Unicode Text" rather than CSV. If you select the "CSV" extension and save the file it removes the BOM (obviously along with all the Japanese characters). Why would this happen? Is there a solution to this problem, or is this a known 'bug'/limitation of Excel? Additionally (as a side issue) it appears that Excel, when loading UTF-16LE encoded CSV files, only uses TAB delimiters. Again, is this another known 'bug'/limitation of Excel?

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• Are two periods allowed in the local-part of an email address?

  - by Mike B

  A third-party email gateway relay is refusing to process a message for an email address we're sending to. The address is in the format of [email protected] (note the two periods). Is this allowed by RFC guidelines? RFC 2822 seems to object to this in section 3.4.1: The locally interpreted string is either a quoted-string or a dot-atom. If the string can be represented as a dot-atom (that is, it contains no characters other than atext characters or "." surrounded by atext characters), then the dot-atom form SHOULD be used and the quoted-string form SHOULD NOT be used. Comments and folding white space SHOULD NOT be used around the "@" in the addr-spec. Furthermore, in that same section, it references this: addr-spec = local-part "@" domain local-part = dot-atom / quoted-string / obs-local-part I interpret this to mean that the localpart can have content separated by dots but there cannot be two successive dots, and it cannot start or end with a dot. That being said, I'm not familiar with dot-atom syntax so maybe I'm mistaken here. Can someone please confirm and explain?

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• Export from EndNote into MySQL database

  - by Tomba

  I would like to export some records from an EndNote (reference management software) library and import into a MySQL database. Does anyone have any experience with this? I've tried creating custom EndNote "output styles" containing either comma-delimited values or even SQL code, but have had mixed results, either because EndNote filters out some characters (like `) or because EndNote doesn't (or I can't work out how to make it) escape text, which might include characters like ' and ". I realize this might be a bit off-topic but any help would be appreciated.

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• Dissertation about website and database security - in need of some pointers

  - by ClarkeyBoy

  Hi, I am on my dissertation in my final year at university at the moment. One of the areas I need to research is security - for both websites and for databases. I currently have sections on the following: Website Form security - such as data validation. This section is more about preventing errors made by legitimate users as much as possible rather than stopping hackers, for example comparing a field to a regular expression and giving them meaningful feedback on any errors which did occur so as to stop it happening again. Constraints. For example if a value must be true or false then use a checkbox. If it is likely to be one of several values then use a dropdown or a set of radio boxes, and so on. If the value is unpredictable then use regular expressions to limit what characters they are allowed to enter, and to restrict the length of the string, and sometimes to limit the format (such as for dates / times, post codes and so on). Sometimes you can limit permissions to the form. This is on the occasion that you know exactly who (whether it be peoples names or a group of people - such as administrators or employees) is going to need access to the form. Restricting permissions will stop members of the public from being able to access the form. Symbols or strings which could be used maliciously or cause the website to act incorrectly (such as the script tag) should be filtered out or html encoded. Captcha images can be used to prevent automated systems from filling in and submitting the form. There are some hacks for file uploads - such as using double extensions - which can allow hackers to upload malicious files. Databases (this is nowhere near done yet but the sections I have planned are listed below) SQL statements vs stored procedures Throwing an error when one of the variables contains particular characters or groups of characters (I cant remember what characters they are, but I have seen a message thrown back at me before where I have tried to enter html or something into a text area). SQL Injection - and ways around it, with some examples. Does anyone have any hints and tips on where I could go for some decent, reliable information either about these areas or about other areas of security that I could cover? Thanks in advance. Regards, Richard PS I am a complete newbie when it comes to security, so please be patient with me. If any of the information I have put down is wrong or could be sub-sectioned then please feel free to say so.

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• HTML character decoding in Objective-C / Cocoa Touch

  - by skidding

  First of all, I found this: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/659602/objective-c-html-escape-unescape, but it doesn't work for me. My encoded characters (come from a RSS feed, btw) look like this: &#038; I searched all over the net and found related discussions, but no fix for my particular encoding, I think they are called hexadecimal characters. Thanks.

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• vertical scrolling of text in UItextfield

  - by mindfreak

  I am filling Uitextfield with Uibutton click event.(e.g. clicking on BUTTONA will add 'a' to textfield.). my problem is that when inserted text reaches the end of textfield, further characters inserted into textfield via UIbutton are not visible.instead ... is seen . how to let text inside Uitextfield scroll to left when width of UItextfield is reached(just like when we enter characters in UItextfield via keyboard) ? Please let me know.

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• Using Android SAXParser, one my my XML Elements is mysteriously breaking in half.

  - by Drennen

  And its not '&' Im using the SAXParser object do parse the actual XML. This is normally done by passing a URL to the XMLReader.Parse method. Because my XML is coming from a POST request to a webservice, I am saving that result as a String and then employing StringReader / InputSource to feed this string back to the XMLReader.Parse method. However, something strange is happening at the 2001st character of the XMLstring. The 'characters' method of the document handler is being called TWICE in between the startElement and endElement methods, effectively breaking my string (in this case a project title) into two pieces. Because I am instantiating objects in my characters method, I am getting two objects instead of one. This line, about 2000 chars into the string fires 'characters' two times, breaking between "Lower" and "Level" <title>SUMC-BOOKSTORE, LOWER LEVEL RENOVATIONS</title> When I bypass the StringReader / InputSource workaround and feed a flat XML file to XMLReader.Parse, it works absolutely fine. Something about StringReader and or InputSource is somehow screwing this up. Here is my method that takes and XML string and parses is through the SAXParser. public void parseXML(String XMLstring) { try { SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); SAXParser sp = spf.newSAXParser(); XMLReader xr = sp.getXMLReader(); xr.setContentHandler(this); // Something is happening in the StringReader or InputSource // That cuts the XML element in half at the 2001 character mark. StringReader sr = new StringReader(XMLstring); InputSource is = new InputSource(sr); xr.parse(is); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e("CMS1", e.toString()); } catch (SAXException e) { Log.e("CMS2", e.toString()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { Log.e("CMS3", e.toString()); } } I would greatly appreciate any ideas on how to not have 'characters' firing off twice when I get to this point in the XML String. Or, show me how to use a POST request and still pass off the URL to the Parse function. THANK YOU.

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• Is there an iconv with //TRANSLIT equivalent in java?

  - by Keith

  Is there a way to achieve transliteration of characters between charsets in java? something similar to the unix command (or similar php function): iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT < some_doc.txt > new_doc.txt preferably operating on strings, not having anything to do with files I know you can can change encodings with the String constructor, but that doesn't handle transliteration of characters that aren't in the resulting charset.

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• Itextsharp and arabic character !!

  - by okla

  hi all, i have use itextsharp to convert html to pdf(using asp.net C#) and its work in english characters , but when i want to convert html including arabic characters it will give me empty pdf !! can any one help me?

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• MySQL field type for a comments field or text area

  - by Derek

  As the title says, I'm after a good field type for a comments field I have in a table. It will store many characters (as users can continuously add to it) so it's definitely over 255. I looked at longtext but wasn't sure...Also how do I change the field type to accept different characters such as apostrophies. Thanks.

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• Hide overflow in Silverlight TextBox

  - by chrisbz

  I have a Silverlight TextBox control that is inside of a Grid column with the width set to 'Auto', so the TexBox's width expands/contracts with the browser window is resized. Unfortunately, when the number of characters entered into the textbox exceeds the textbox's width, the textbox grows to accommodate it. Are there any properties that can be applied to the textbox that will force it to not expand with the number of characters inside of it? Thanks.

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• Random text generator

  - by verbatim64x

  What is the best way to generate random a string which is composed of alphabets and its a maximum of 8million characters which will be tested using string searching algorithms? is Math.random still be ok for the randomness or the reliability of the spread of characters based on statistics? any comment is appreciated, right me if im wrong with my ideas.

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