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  • Cisco 837 not passing UDP traffic properly (was: DNS query problem)

    - by TessellatingHeckler
    We have a setup of ADSL line - Cisco 837 ADSL router - Zyxel ZyWall 35 firewall/NAT - Switch - LAN. It has been fine for years, suddenly DNS resolution stopped working from the LAN to public DNS servers. No changes that I know of, so I can't revert anything. Current behaviour: DNS requests from the LAN using TCP show up in the oubound firewall log, in the Cisco debug log, in the dns-server-firewall, in tcpdump on the DNS server, the answer comes back, it works fine. DNS requests from the LAN using UDP show up in the outbound firewall log, in the Cisco debug log, but does NOT show in the dns-server-firewall, not in tcpdump on the DNS server, times out. DNS requests from the Cisco using UDP show up in the dns-server-firewall and in tcpdump on the DNS server, answer received, works fine. netcat connections to port 53 or a random port by TCP show up in the dns-server-firewall netcat connections to port 53 or a random port by UDP do not show up in the dns-server-firewall Summary: TCP seems fine throughought. UDP works from the Cisco over the ADSL, and it works from the LAN to the Cisco, but it doesn't seem to cross the Cisco 837 properly. Update: confirmed with netcat that any UDP traffic from the LAN is affected, not just traffic to port 53. Update: If I change the firewall's external IP to any other IP in the subnet, this starts working. When I put it back, it stops working. I now suspect it's an ISP issue (does that sound plausible?), and am removing the Cisco config.

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  • Apache Reverse Proxy not working inside a VirtualHost running a Mono Web Application

    - by Arwen
    I have a mono web application running with this virtual host below. It is running on Apache 2.2.20 / Ubuntu 11.10. I tried to add a reverse proxy inside this virtualhost so I can make asynchronous or AJAX type calls back to this same domain. My asynchronous requests would have problems in many browsers calling services that are on another domain (cross domain requests problem). I am wanting to do reverse proxy calls to this other service using http://www.whatever.com/monkey/. So, I added the directive and top directive to try to make this work. It is weird though...nothing I do seems to have any effect. I can put the exact same markup in my default website virtualhost file and it works great. What is the deal? Are some of these Mono directives causing problems? <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.whatever.com ServerAlias whatever.com *.whatever.com ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/myuser/web/whatever ProxyRequests off <Proxy *> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Proxy> <Location /monkey/> ProxyPass http://www.google.com/ ProxyPassReverse http://www.google.com/ </Location> MonoServerPath www.whatever.com "/usr/bin/mod-mono-server2" MonoSetEnv www.whatever.com MONO_IOMAP=all MonoApplications www.whatever.com "/:/home/myuser/web/whatever" <Location "/"> Allow from all Order allow,deny MonoSetServerAlias www.whatever.com SetHandler mono SetOutputFilter DEFLATE SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI "\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$" no-gzip dont-vary </Location> <IfModule mod_deflate.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/javascript </IfModule> </VirtualHost>

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  • SAS vs Near-line SAS vs SATA

    - by David
    I'm unsure about the differences in these storage interfaces. My Dell servers all have SAS RAID controllers in them and they seem to be cross-compatible to an extent. The Ultra-320 SCSI RAID controllers in my old servers were simple enough: One type of interface (SCA) with special drives with special controllers, humming at 10-15K RPM. But these SAS/SATA drives seem like the drives I have in my desktop, only more expensive. Also my old SCSI controllers have their own battery backup and DDR buffer - neither of these things are present on the SAS controllers. What's up with that? "Enterprise" SATA drives are compatible with my SAS RAID controller, but I'd like to know what advantage SAS drives have over SATA drives as they seem to have similar specs (but one is a lot cheaper). Also, how do SSDs fit into this? I remember when RAID controllers required HDDs to spin at the same rate (as if the controller card supplanted the controller in the drive) - so how does that work out now? And what's the deal with Near-line SATA? I apologise about the rambling tone in this message, it's 5am and I haven't slept much.

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  • How Do I Enable My Ubuntu Server To Host Various SSL-Enabled Websites?

    - by Andy Ibanez
    Actually, I Have looked around for a few hours now, but I can't get this to work. The main problem I'm having is that only one out of two sites works. I have my website which will mostly be used for an app. It's called atajosapp.com . atajosapp.com will have three main sites: www.atajosapp.com <- Homepage for the app. auth.atajosapp.com <- Login endpoint for my API (needs SSL) api.atajosapp.com <- Main endpoint for my API (needs SSL). If you attempt to access api.atajosapp.com it works. It will throw you a 403 error and a JSON output, but that's fully intentional. If you try to access auth.atajosapp.com however, the site simply doesn't load. Chrome complains with: The webpage at https://auth.atajosapp.com/ might be temporarily down or it may have moved permanently to a new web address. Error code: ERR_TUNNEL_CONNECTION_FAILED But the website IS there. If you try to access www.atajosapp.com or any other HTTP site, it connects fine. It just doesn't like dealing with more than one HTTPS websites, it seems. The VirtualHost for api.atajosapp.com looks like this: <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot /var/www/api.atajosapp.com ServerName api.atajosapp.com SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /certificates/STAR_atajosapp_com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /certificates/star_atajosapp_com.key SSLCertificateChainFile /certificates/PositiveSSLCA2.crt </VirtualHost> auth.atajosapp.com Looks very similar: <VirtualHost *:443> DocumentRoot /var/www/auth.atajosapp.com ServerName auth.atajosapp.com SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /certificates/STAR_atajosapp_com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /certificates/star_atajosapp_com.key SSLCertificateChainFile /certificates/PositiveSSLCA2.crt </VirtualHost> Now I have found many websites that talk about possible solutions. At first, I was getting a message like this: _default_ VirtualHost overlap on port 443, the first has precedence But after googling for hours, I managed to solve it by editing both apache2.conf and ports.conf. This is the last thing I added to ports.conf: <IfModule mod_ssl.c> NameVirtualHost *:443 # SSL name based virtual hosts are not yet supported, therefore no # NameVirtualHost statement here NameVirtualHost *:443 Listen 443 </IfModule> Still, right now only api.atajosapp.com and www.atajosapp.com are working. I still can't access auth.atajosapp.com. When I check the error log, I see this: Init: Name-based SSL virtual hosts only work for clients with TLS server name indication support (RFC 4366) I don't know what else to do to make both sites work fine on this. I purchased a Wildcard SSL certificate from Comodo that supposedly secures *.atajosapp.com, so after hours trying and googling, I don't know what's wrong anymore. Any help will be really appreciated. EDIT: I just ran the apachectl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS command and this is the output. Can't make much sense of it...: root@atajosapp:/# apachectl -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using atajosapp.com for ServerName [Thu Nov 07 02:01:24 2013] [warn] NameVirtualHost *:443 has no VirtualHosts VirtualHost configuration: wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: *:443 is a NameVirtualHost default server api.atajosapp.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/api.atajosapp.com:1) port 443 namevhost api.atajosapp.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/api.atajosapp.com:1) port 443 namevhost auth.atajosapp.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/auth.atajosapp.com:1) *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server atajosapp.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost atajosapp.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1)

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  • Problems with freetype on OSX 10.7.4

    - by eythor
    I'm trying to install mplayer with OSD using homebrew. I've added both --enable-menu and --with-freetype-config=/usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.4.10/freetype-config to the brew recipe. ==> Downloading http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/MPlayer-1.1.tar.xz Already downloaded: /Library/Caches/Homebrew/mplayer-1.1.tar.xz xz -dc "/Library/Caches/Homebrew/mplayer-1.1.tar.xz" | /usr/bin/tar xf - ==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/mplayer/1.1 --cc=cc --host-cc=cc --disable-cdparanoia --disable-libopenjpeg --enable-menu --disable-x11 -- with-freetype-config=/usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.4.10/freetype-config ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/mplayer/1.1 --cc=cc --host-cc=cc --disable-cdparanoia --disable-libopenjpeg --enable-menu --disable-x11 --with -freetype-config=/usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.4.10/freetype-config Checking for cc version ... clang 4.2.1 (experimental support only) Checking for working compiler ... yes Detected operating system: Darwin Detected host architecture: x86_64 Checking for cross compilation ... no Checking for host cc ... cc Checking for CPU vendor ... GenuineIntel (6:15:10) Checking for CPU type ... Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7700 @ 2.40GHz For freetype-config I've tried three seperate paths; /usr/X11R6/bin/freetype-config, /usr/X11/bin/freetype-config and the one in Cellar. Checking for freetype always fails: Checking for freetype >= 2.0.9 ... no Checking for fontconfig ... no (FreeType support needed) Although freetype itself seems to be installed. mufasa:bin eythor$ freetype-config --version 15.0.9 mufasa:bin eythor$ freetype-config --ftversion 2.4.10 mufasa:bin eythor$ freetype-config --libs -L/usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.4.10/lib -lfreetype -lz -lbz2 mufasa:bin eythor$ freetype-config --cflags -I/usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.4.10/include/freetype2 - I/usr/local/Cellar/freetype/2.4.10/include I'm not sure what to try next or how to figure out why freetype isn't recognized. Can anyone point me in a sensible direction?

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  • How do I keep a table up to date across 4 db's to be used in SQL Replication Filtering?

    - by Refracted Paladin
    I have a Win Form, Data Entry, application that uses 4 seperate Data Bases. This is an occasionally connected app that uses Merge Replication (SQL 2005) to stay in Sync. This is working just fine. The next hurdle I am trying to tackle is adding Filters to my Publications. Right now we are replicating 70mbs, compressed, to each of our 150 subscribers when, truthfully, they only need a tiny fraction of that. Using Filters I am able to accomplish this(see code below) but I had to make a mapping table in order to do so. This mapping table consists of 3 columns. A PrimaryID(Guid), WorkerName(varchar), and ClientID(int). The problem is I need this table present in all FOUR Databases in order to use it for the filter since, to my knowledge, views or cross-db query's are not allowed in a Filter Statement. What are my options? Seems like I would set it up to be maintained in 1 Database and then use Triggers to keep it updated in the other 3 Databases. In order to be a part of the Filter I have to include that table in the Replication Set so how do I flag it appropriately. Is there a better way, altogether? SELECT <published_columns> FROM [dbo].[tblPlan] WHERE [ClientID] IN (select ClientID from [dbo].[tblWorkerOwnership] where WorkerID = SUSER_SNAME()) Which allows you to chain together Filters, this next one is below the first one so it only pulls from the first's Filtered Set. SELECT <published_columns> FROM [dbo].[tblPlan] INNER JOIN [dbo].[tblHealthAssessmentReview] ON [tblPlan].[PlanID] = [tblHealthAssessmentReview].[PlanID] P.S. - I know how illogical the DB structure sounds. I didn't make it. I inherited it and was then told to make it a "disconnected app."

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  • Cursor lag when mouse cursor changes?

    - by Mathias Lykkegaard Lorenzen
    Cursor lag issue Introduction I'm experiencing a newly arrived problem lately that frustrates me a lot. The computer I bought is a Clevo 150ERM. Two of my friends bought the same machine, and are experiencing the same issue. The computer came with Windows 7. There, I had no issues. Then, when we all switched to Windows 8, they had the mouse problem and I didn't. That is until after 4 or 5 months when I decided to install the RTM driver of my Intel graphics chip, and the latest Nvidia driver. I also installed the latest version of Skype that just released (Skype 6 and Skype for Metro). This basically leads me to conclude that the issue is not hardware-prone, and is not based on the operating system itself, rather the drivers or components that follow with it. Description of the issue The issue itself (lag with the mouse) happens whenever the cursor icon changes. For instance, if I keep hovering from and to a textfield (and the cursor changes into a caret and then back to a mouse), it stops for 200 milliseconds while it changes the icon. An example is if I follow the mouse in the pattern shown by the arrows below. When crossing the window border, the cursor changes into a "resize window" cursor for a short while, making the cursor lag. This doesn't sound like much, but it happens every time the cursor changes (even if it's to just move the mouse somewhere else, and accidentally make it cross a window border from where the resize cursor shows etc). What do you suggest I try?

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  • How can I stream audio signals from various devices/computers to my home server?

    - by Breakthrough
    I currently have a headless home server set up (running Ubuntu 12.04 server edition) running a simple Apache HTTP server. The server is near an audio receiver, which controls a set of indoor and outdoor speakers in my home. Recently, my father purchased a Bluetooth adapter, which our various laptops and cellphones can connect to, outputting the music to the speakers. I was hoping to find a solution that worked over Wi-Fi, namely because it won't cost anything (I already have a server with an audio card), and it doesn't depend on Bluetooth. Is there any cross-platform (preferably free and open-source) solution that I can use which will allow me to stream audio to my home server, over my home network, from a wide variety of devices (laptops running Windows/Linux or cellphones running Android/BB/iOS)? I need something that works at least with Windows and Android. Also, just to clairfy, I want something that simply allows devices to connect to my server and output an audio signal without any action on the server end (since it's a server hidden away near my receiver). Any subsequent connection attempt should be dropped, so only one device can be in control of the stereo at once.

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  • Finding a backup and synchronization solution

    - by Andrea Zilio
    I'm having difficulties to find a backup and synchronization solution with the following characteristics: Cross-platform: Windows, Linux, Mac Offsite backup (so Internet Backup) Data deduplication Transfer only new/modified bits of modified files Secure: Data encrypted before leaving computer Maintain multiple versions of files (even deleted files) Folder synchronization integrated with backup and across multiple computers connected to the internet (not necessarily in the same LAN) I think that the Folder Sync feature needs a better explanation. The use case is this: you have a desktop pc and a laptop. The desktop pc contains a folder with some files and this folder is part of the backup (so it was selected to be backed up). The laptop does not contain that folder or that files at all. Then you're abroad with your laptop and you need that folder. So you want to be able to open the backup program, select that folder from the backup and download it in your laptop mantaining it synchronized with the backed up version. When you then come back home and switch on your desktop pc you want the folder we're talking about to be updated in the desktop PC. Does anyone knows any service with all these features? I've only found SpiderOak to support all the features I've mentioned but I'm not completely satisfied by the time taken to complete a backup. Sometimes it seems to hang for minutes with no reasons at all and folder synchronization occurs only after all files are backed up (instead folder sync should have a separated queue independent from other backup operations and synchronization should occurs frequently... for example every 5 minutes or less, independently from the frequency of normal backup operations)

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  • nikto probe warning messages

    - by julio
    Hi-- I have a pretty standard VPS running Ubuntu 8.1, Apache 2.2, PHP 5 etc. -- standard Lamp stack. I am using suhosin and have tried my best to plug the obvious stuff, since I'm the only user-- there's no SSH access except via pubkey on a non-standard port, there's no root access by SSH, no FTP server running, iptables is set to discard anything outside of basically port 80 or my SSH port (there's no mail server or anything else). However, I've still been compromised (not badly as far as I can tell) probably by a SQL injection. I've locked down the SQL user (there's only one outside of root, and he's got limited priv, no file etc.) So I ran nikto to see what I'm doing wrong, and there's a list of things I've never seen, and can't find using "find" or any other method I'm aware of. See below: + /autologon.html?10514: Remotely Anywhere 5.10.415 is vulnerable to XSS attacks that can lead to cookie theft or privilege escalation. This is typically found on port 2000. + /servlet/webacc?User.html=noexist: Netware web access may reveal full path of the web server. Apply vendor patch or upgrade. + OSVDB-35878: /modules.php?name=Members_List&letter='%20OR%20pass%20LIKE%20'a%25'/*: PHP Nuke module allows user names and passwords to be viewed. + OSVDB-3092: /sitemap.xml: This gives a nice listing of the site content. + OSVDB-12184: /index.php?=PHPB8B5F2A0-3C92-11d3-A3A9-4C7B08C10000: PHP reveals potentially sensitive information via certain HTTP requests which contain specific QUERY strings. + OSVDB-12184: /some.php?=PHPE9568F36-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42: PHP reveals potentially sensitive information via certain HTTP requests which contain specific QUERY strings. + OSVDB-12184: /some.php?=PHPE9568F34-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42: PHP reveals potentially sensitive information via certain HTTP requests which contain specific QUERY strings. + OSVDB-12184: /some.php?=PHPE9568F35-D428-11d2-A769-00AA001ACF42: PHP reveals potentially sensitive information via certain HTTP requests which contain specific QUERY strings. + OSVDB-3092: /administrator/: This might be interesting... + OSVDB-3092: /Agent/: This might be interesting... + OSVDB-3092: /includes/: This might be interesting... + OSVDB-3092: /logs/: This might be interesting... + OSVDB-3092: /tmp/: This might be interesting... + ERROR: /servlet/Counter returned an error: error reading HTTP response + OSVDB-3268: /icons/: Directory indexing is enabled: /icons + OSVDB-3268: /images/: Directory indexing is enabled: /images + OSVDB-3299: /forumscalendar.php?calbirthdays=1&action=getday&day=2001-8-15&comma=%22;echo%20'';%20echo%20%60id%20%60;die();echo%22: Vbulletin allows remote command execution. See link + OSVDB-3299: /forumzcalendar.php?calbirthdays=1&action=getday&day=2001-8-15&comma=%22;echo%20'';%20echo%20%60id%20%60;die();echo%22: Vbulletin allows remote command execution. See link + OSVDB-3299: /htforumcalendar.php?calbirthdays=1&action=getday&day=2001-8-15&comma=%22;echo%20'';%20echo%20%60id%20%60;die();echo%22: Vbulletin allows remote command execution. See link + OSVDB-3299: /vbcalendar.php?calbirthdays=1&action=getday&day=2001-8-15&comma=%22;echo%20'';%20echo%20%60id%20%60;die();echo%22: Vbulletin allows remote command execution. See link + OSVDB-3299: /vbulletincalendar.php?calbirthdays=1&action=getday&day=2001-8-15&comma=%22;echo%20'';%20echo%20%60id%20%60;die();echo%22: Vbulletin allows remote command execution. See link + OSVDB-6659: /kCKAowoWuZkKCUPH7Mr675ILd9hFg1lnyc1tWUuEbkYkFCpCdEnCKkkd9L0bY34tIf9l6t2owkUp9nI5PIDmQzMokDbp71QFTZGxdnZhTUIzxVrQhVgwmPYsMK7g34DURzeiy3nyd4ezX5NtUozTGqMkxDrLheQmx4dDYlRx0vKaX41JX40GEMf21TKWxHAZSUxjgXUnIlKav58GZQ5LNAwSAn13l0w<font%20size=50>DEFACED<!--//--: MyWebServer 1.0.2 is vulnerable to HTML injection. Upgrade to a later version. I understand about the trace and index, but what about the vbulletin and autologin? I've searched, and I can't find any files like that on the server. I have no idea about the "MyWebServer" stuff, the PHP Nuke, or the Netware/servlet stuff-- there's nothing really on the server except a pretty standard Joomla site (updated to the latest version). Any help with these messages and/or what I'm doing wrong is very much appreciated.

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  • Using pre-made patch cables on a punch down block?

    - by Trevor Harrison
    I need to add a 24 port switch to my wiring closet. In the (distant) past, I usually just punched each port of the switch to a 110 block on the wall (using hand-made cables), and cross connect between that and the 110 block that has the runs to each workstation. To save time, I'm thinking of buying 12 pre-made drop cables, cutting them in half (so 24 single ended cables), and punching those to my 110 block. The things I'm worried about are wire type (ie. solid vs. strands) and color scheme. I really don't know if they use different wire types (still?), but I remember that being an issue at one point. Can anyone comment on this? (I definitely won't feel comfortable trying to punch stranded wiring on my 110 block) Also, picking up a random pre-built cable I had laying around, I noticed that the color scheme used didn't appear to be T568B, but T568A, which would clash with the rest of my wall. Anyone know of an online source that specifies these things? I've looked at www.cablesforless.com (which does have nicer prices) and www.cablestogo.com (which seem stupid expensive) so far. Cables For Less doesn't specify wiring scheme, Cables To Go does specify T568B. Both seem to specify stranded wires instead of solid.

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  • windows 2003 server : can't join domain

    - by phill
    I originally tried to rejoin a computer to a network which led to a "cannot find domain" error. The username/password box don't even come up. some tests i ran: I can ping the server, however I can't ping the domain name domain1.local. nslookup can't find the domain either. It looks to the isp's dns instead of my own to resolve the local machines. So i go to the dns and run netdiag.exe and gives me this error. DNS test . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Failed [WARNING] Cannot find a primary authoritative DNS server for the name 'stmartinsrv.stmartin.local.'. [RCODE_SERVER_FAILURE] The name 'srv.domain1.local.' may not be registered in DNS. [WARNING] The DNS entries for this DC are not registered correctly on DNS se rver '68.94.156.1'. Please wait for 30 minutes for DNS server replication. [WARNING] The DNS entries for this DC are not registered correctly on DNS se rver '68.94.157.1'. Please wait for 30 minutes for DNS server replication. [FATAL] No DNS servers have the DNS records for this DC registered. Redir and Browser test . . . . . . : Passed List of NetBt transports currently bound to the Redir NetBT_Tcpip_{04BB0F6B-06AE-4D60-80C8-2A7A24C1D87B} The redir is bound to 1 NetBt transport. List of NetBt transports currently bound to the browser NetBT_Tcpip_{04BB0F6B-06AE-4D60-80C8-2A7A24C1D87B} The browser is bound to 1 NetBt transport. then running dcdiag C:\Program Files\Support Toolsdcdiag Domain Controller Diagnosis Performing initial setup: Done gathering initial info. Doing initial required tests Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\SRV Starting test: Connectivity The host 1c99f63c-49ec-40db-b3d3-6265c00fbd3e._msdcs.domain1.local cou ld not be resolved to an IP address. Check the DNS server, DHCP, server name, etc Although the Guid DNS name (1c99f63c-49ec-40db-b3d3-6265c00fbd3e._msdcs.domain1.local) couldn't be resolved, the server name (srv.domain1.local) resolved to the IP address (192.168.1.21) and was pingable. Check that the IP address is registered correctly with the DNS server. ......................... SRV failed test Connectivity Doing primary tests Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\SRV Skipping all tests, because server SRV is not responding to directory service requests Running partition tests on : ForestDnsZones Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... ForestDnsZones passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... ForestDnsZones passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : DomainDnsZones Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... DomainDnsZones passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... DomainDnsZones passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : Schema Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... Schema passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... Schema passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : Configuration Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... Configuration passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... Configuration passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : domain1 Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... domain1 passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... domain1 passed test CheckSDRefDom Running enterprise tests on : domain1.local Starting test: Intersite ......................... domain1.local passed test Intersite Starting test: FsmoCheck ......................... domain1.local passed test FsmoCheck from previous postings, I've tried adding the domain suffix to the nic ip properties to both the client machine and the dc server which didn't help. note: there is only one nic on the server any ideas? thanks in advance

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  • SQL Server on Linux

    - by TimothyAWiseman
    For a particular project that is coming up, I am trying to expand my knowledge of Linux, so I am going to set up a Linux system at home. Rather than dual booting, I am thinking about putting SQL Server on a Windows Virtual Machine with Linux as the host at least until this project is over when I will probably switch back to Linux. So, I have a couple of different, but interrelated questions: How well does this work? This is only a test machine at home, so I can easily accept a fair bit of degradation, but if it is going to be a horrible reduction in performance I will dual boot instead. Is there a particular virtual machine manager I should look at to go this route? Since this is my personal machine, price is an issue but I am quite happy to pay a reasonable amount. And finally, given the choice of VMM, is there a particular Linux Distro I should be looking at? [This has been cross posted at Ask.SqlServerCentral.com . I think it may be appropriate at both sites. ]

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  • Postfix SASL Authentication using PAM_Python

    - by Christian Joudrey
    Cross-post from: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4337995/postfix-sasl-authentication-using-pam-python Hey guys, I just set up a Postfix server in Ubuntu and I want to add SASL authentication using PAM_Python. I've compiled pam_python.so and made sure that it is in /lib/security. I've also added created the /etc/pam.d/smtp file and added: auth required pam_python.so test.py The test.py file has been placed in /lib/security and contains: # # Duplicates pam_permit.c # DEFAULT_USER = "nobody" def pam_sm_authenticate(pamh, flags, argv): try: user = pamh.get_user(None) except pamh.exception, e: return e.pam_result if user == None: pam.user = DEFAULT_USER return pamh.PAM_SUCCESS def pam_sm_setcred(pamh, flags, argv): return pamh.PAM_SUCCESS def pam_sm_acct_mgmt(pamh, flags, argv): return pamh.PAM_SUCCESS def pam_sm_open_session(pamh, flags, argv): return pamh.PAM_SUCCESS def pam_sm_close_session(pamh, flags, argv): return pamh.PAM_SUCCESS def pam_sm_chauthtok(pamh, flags, argv): return pamh.PAM_SUCCESS When I test the authentication using auth plain amltbXkAamltbXkAcmVhbC1zZWNyZXQ= I get the following response: 535 5.7.8 Error: authentication failed: no mechanism available In the postfix logs I have this: Dec 2 00:37:19 duo postfix/smtpd[16487]: warning: SASL authentication problem: unknown password verifier Dec 2 00:37:19 duo postfix/smtpd[16487]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Dec 2 00:37:19 duo postfix/smtpd[16487]: warning: localhost.localdomain[127.0.0.1]: SASL plain authentication failed: no mechanism available Any ideas? tl;dr Anyone have step by step instructions on how to set up PAM_Python with Postfix? Christian

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  • How to configure Apache to let PHP handle OPTIONS HTTP requests?

    - by Robin Berjon
    In order to set up a proper test suite for CORS (cross-domain requests) I need to be able to handle the HTTP OPTIONS method directly from script. I therefore have a simple PHP script that detects the OPTIONS method, and reacts accordingly by outputting some specific headers. The PHP side is not a problem. If I use curl to issue GET/POST/HEAD/PUT/etc. requests they all go to the script and it clearly handles them fine. If I issue an OPTIONS request however, it never reaches the script: Apache immediately replies listing a set of methods that it believes to be appropriate for this resource. I can tell that the script isn't run (no logging, none of its output makes it to the response, etc.). I've been going through the Apache configuration, have made sure no applicable .htaccess is in the way, I've tweaked a bunch of things such as Limit/LimitExcept directives, but I can't get it to change its behaviour. I've also tried to find information on a technique from my youth that could have helped here: NPH (non-parsed headers) scripts; but apparently that has now disappeared (at least, I can't find any recent information about it that works). So the question is: how do I tweak Apache's configuration so that it will let my script handle OPTIONS?

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  • weird POST request in IIS logs

    - by MIrrorMirror
    I noticed weird log entries (unless there's something i don't understand) in my IIS (7.5) logs. it's an online dictionary with requests ( user friendly url rewriting ) and most of them are GET. However I noticed weird POST requests which are taking place by a person who is trying to crawl our content ( tens of thousands of such requests ) 2013-11-09 20:39:27 GET /dict/mylang/word1 - y.y.y.y Mozilla/5.0+(compatible;+Googlebot/2.1;++http://www.google.com/bot.html) - 200 296 2013-11-09 20:39:29 GET /dict/mylang/word2 - z.z.z.z Mozilla/5.0+(iPhone;+CPU+iPhone+OS+6_0+like+Mac+OS+X)+AppleWebKit/536.26+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Version/6.0+Mobile/10A5376e+Safari/8536.25+(compatible;+Googlebot-Mobile/2.1;++http://www.google.com/bot.html) - 200 468 2013-11-09 20:39:29 POST /dict/mylang/word3 - x.x.x.x - - 200 2593 The two first requests are legal. Now for the third request, I don't think I have allowed cross domain POST. if that what the third log line means. all those POST requests take that much time for unknown reasons to me. I would like to know how are those POST requests possible and how can I stop them. p.s. I have masked the IPs on purpose. any help would be appreciated! thank you in advance.

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  • Network Restructure Method for Double-NAT network

    - by Adrian
    Due to a series of poor network design decisions (mostly) made many years ago in order to save a few bucks here and there, I have a network that is decidedly sub-optimally architected. I'm looking for suggestions to improve this less-than-pleasant situation. We're a non-profit with a Linux-based IT department and a limited budget. (Note: None of the Windows equipment we have runs does anything that talks to the Internet nor do we have any Windows admins on staff.) Key points: We have a main office and about 12 remote sites that essentially double NAT their subnets with physically-segregated switches. (No VLANing and limited ability to do so with current switches) These locations have a "DMZ" subnet that are NAT'd on an identically assigned 10.0.0/24 subnet at each site. These subnets cannot talk to DMZs at any other location because we don't route them anywhere except between server and adjacent "firewall". Some of these locations have multiple ISP connections (T1, Cable, and/or DSLs) that we manually route using IP Tools in Linux. These firewalls all run on the (10.0.0/24) network and are mostly "pro-sumer" grade firewalls (Linksys, Netgear, etc.) or ISP-provided DSL modems. Connecting these firewalls (via simple unmanaged switches) is one or more servers that must be publically-accessible. Connected to the main office's 10.0.0/24 subnet are servers for email, tele-commuter VPN, remote office VPN server, primary router to the internal 192.168/24 subnets. These have to be access from specific ISP connections based on traffic type and connection source. All our routing is done manually or with OpenVPN route statements Inter-office traffic goes through the OpenVPN service in the main 'Router' server which has it's own NAT'ing involved. Remote sites only have one server installed at each site and cannot afford multiple servers due to budget constraints. These servers are all LTSP servers several 5-20 terminals. The 192.168.2/24 and 192.168.3/24 subnets are mostly but NOT entirely on Cisco 2960 switches that can do VLAN. The remainder are DLink DGS-1248 switches that I am not sure I trust well enough to use with VLANs. There is also some remaining internal concern about VLANs since only the senior networking staff person understands how it works. All regular internet traffic goes through the CentOS 5 router server which in turns NATs the 192.168/24 subnets to the 10.0.0.0/24 subnets according to the manually-configured routing rules that we use to point outbound traffic to the proper internet connection based on '-host' routing statements. I want to simplify this and ready All Of The Things for ESXi virtualization, including these public-facing services. Is there a no- or low-cost solution that would get rid of the Double-NAT and restore a little sanity to this mess so that my future replacement doesn't hunt me down? Basic Diagram for the main office: These are my goals: Public-facing Servers with interfaces on that middle 10.0.0/24 network to be moved in to 192.168.2/24 subnet on ESXi servers. Get rid of the double NAT and get our entire network on one single subnet. My understanding is that this is something we'll need to do under IPv6 anyway, but I think this mess is standing in the way.

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  • Blocking 'good' bots in nginx with multiple conditions for certain off-limits URL's where humans can go

    - by Glenn Plas
    After 2 days of searching/trying/failing I decided to post this here, I haven't found any example of someone doing the same nor what I tried seems to be working OK. I'm trying to send a 403 to bots not respecting the robots.txt file (even after downloading it several times). Specifically Googlebot. It will support the following robots.txt definition. User-agent: * Disallow: /*/*/page/ The intent is to allow Google to browse whatever they can find on the site but return a 403 for the following type of request. Googlebot seems to keep on nesting these links eternally adding paging block after block: my_domain.com:80 - 66.x.67.x - - [25/Apr/2012:11:13:54 +0200] "GET /2011/06/ page/3/?/page/2//page/3//page/2//page/3//page/2//page/2//page/4//page/4//pag e/1/&wpmp_switcher=desktop HTTP/1.1" 403 135 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; G ooglebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)" It's a wordpress site btw. I don't want those pages to show up, even though after the robots.txt info got through, they stopped for a while only to begin crawling again later. It just never stops .... I do want real people to see this. As you can see, google get a 403 but when I try this myself in a browser I get a 404 back. I want browsers to pass. root@my_domain:# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.2.0 I tried different approaches, using a map and plain old nono if's and they both act the same: (under http section) map $http_user_agent $is_bot { default 0; ~crawl|Googlebot|Slurp|spider|bingbot|tracker|click|parser|spider 1; } (under the server section) location ~ /(\d+)/(\d+)/page/ { if ($is_bot) { return 403; # Please respect the robots.txt file ! } } I recently had to polish up my Apache skills for a client where I did about the same thing like this : # Block real Engines , not respecting robots.txt but allowing correct calls to pass # Google RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/5\.0\ \(compatible;\ Googlebot/2\.[01];\ \+http://www\.google\.com/bot\.html\)$ [NC,OR] # Bing RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/5\.0\ \(compatible;\ bingbot/2\.[01];\ \+http://www\.bing\.com/bingbot\.htm\)$ [NC,OR] # msnbot RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^msnbot-media/1\.[01]\ \(\+http://search\.msn\.com/msnbot\.htm\)$ [NC,OR] # Slurp RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla/5\.0\ \(compatible;\ Yahoo!\ Slurp;\ http://help\.yahoo\.com/help/us/ysearch/slurp\)$ [NC] # block all page searches, the rest may pass RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^(/[0-9]{4}/[0-9]{2}/page/) [OR] # or with the wpmp_switcher=mobile parameter set RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} wpmp_switcher=mobile # ISSUE 403 / SERVE ERRORDOCUMENT RewriteRule .* - [F,L] # End if match This does a bit more than I asked nginx to do but it's about the same principle, I'm having a hard time figuring this out for nginx. So my question would be, why would nginx serve my browser a 404 ? Why isn't it passing, The regex isn't matching for my UA: "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.30 Safari/536.5" There are tons of example to block based on UA alone, and that's easy. It also looks like the matchin location is final, e.g. it's not 'falling' through for regular user, I'm pretty certain that this has some correlation with the 404 I get in the browser. As a cherry on top of things, I also want google to disregard the parameter wpmp_switcher=mobile , wpmp_switcher=desktop is fine but I just don't want the same content being crawled multiple times. Even though I ended up adding wpmp_switcher=mobile via the google webmaster tools pages (requiring me to sign up ....). that also stopped for a while but today they are back spidering the mobile sections. So in short, I need to find a way for nginx to enforce the robots.txt definitions. Can someone shell out a few minutes of their lives and push me in the right direction please ? I really appreciate ANY response that makes me think harder ;-)

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  • Cisco Catalyst 3750 connected to Cisco ASA 5505 and dropping packets

    - by Bo102010
    (Cross posted from Super User per suggestion there) At the office, I have inherited a network that I am still trying to fully comprehend. I have a problem today with a new connection between: A port on a Cisco Catalyst 3750 [WS-C3750G-48TS-S running C3750-IPSERVICESK9-M version 12.2(53)SE1] A port on a Cisco ASA 5505 [ASA Software version 8.3(2)] The 3750 is home to a Vlan that has a few ports assigned to it. interface Vlan3 description Internal network (172.18.160.0/24) ip address 172.18.160.1 255.255.255.0 I have a host (outside of my control) that needs to be in this VLAN (i.e it must have an address 172.18.160.something/24) that also needs to access the Internet. To accomplish this, I ran a link from the Catalyst (Gi1/0/13) to the ASA (Ethernet 0/5). I configured the Catalyst port like so: interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13 description To ASA, 172.18.160.69 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access speed 100 duplex full I configured the ASA like so: interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 172.18.160.69 255.255.255.0 interface Ethernet0/5 speed 100 duplex full Then I plugged the host into Ethernet 0/4 on the ASA and instructed its owner to make its default gateway 172.18.160.69. I made a NAT rule in the ASA and set up some rules, and it's able to access the Internet without issue. However, I noticed that the Catalyst reports a ton of packets being dropped toward the ASA. Catalyst3750#show interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/13 | include counters|drops Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:28:13 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 136909347 This is a huge number of drops, since there's not much traffic on this VLAN at all. I tried these things: Make sure speed and duplex agree on both sides (100 Mbps / Full) Set no cdp enable on the Catalyst Gi10/13 Set no keepalive on the Catalyst Gi10/13 Checked for excessive CPU usage on both Checked for excessive traffic on both Am I missing something? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Intermittent 404 on select assets, LAMP stack

    - by Tom Lagier
    We have a LAMP stack WordPress server that is serving most assets correctly. However, one plugin's CSS file and several images are returning soft 404s roughly 20% of the time. I can't find any reference to the 404 in the access logs, but the browser is definitely receiving a 404 response from somewhere (WordPress, I would assume). When I use an alias URL that does not match the site URL but does resolve to the asset path, the resource loads correctly 100% of the time. However, using the site url only resolves for the select, problematic assets 20% of the time. You can test one of the problematic assets here: http://www.mreco.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg However the alias link always resolves correctly: http://mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg Stranger, if I attempt to access outdated content that definitely does not exist on the server, at the live URL it returns the content roughly 50% of the time. Using the alias link, it 404s 100% of the time - the correct behavior. Error log and PHP error log are clean. A sample access log (pulled from grep 'zero-cost.jpg' /var/log/httpd/mr-eco-access_log) from several refreshes of the live direct link (where I am not seeing any 404's): 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:41 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:42 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.166.202.202 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:43 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 304 - 10.176.201.37 - - [28/May/2014:20:27:56 +0000] "GET /wp-content/uploads/2014/05/zero-cost.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 57027 Chrome's dev tools list the following network activity before displaying 404 page content: zero-cost.jpg /wp-content/uploads/2014/05 GET 404 Not Found text/html Other 15.9?KB 73.2?KB 953?ms 947?ms My Apache configuration is standard, I've listed the virtual host entry and .htaccess file below. I can provide other parts of Apache config if necessary. Virtual host: <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ServerName www.mreco.org ServerAlias mreco.org mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com ErrorLog logs/mr-eco-error_log CustomLog logs/mr-eco-access_log common <Directory /var/www/public_html/mr-eco.wordpress.promocampaigns.com> AllowOverride All SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </Directory> </VirtualHost> .htaccess: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress I have checked for multiple A records and can confirm that there is a single A record pointing at the domain: ;; ANSWER SECTION: mreco.org. 60 IN A 50.18.58.174 I'm fairly new to systems administration, and at a complete loss as to what could cause this. In the past, inconsistently 404ing assets have been because of out-of-sync instances behind a load balancer. In this case, it is a single instance behind the load balancer. Because of the inconsistency, it feels like a caching issue. We don't make use of Apache caching, and as far as I know WordPress should not be caching either. What I've done so far: Reset WordPress permalinks Disabled WordPress plugins Re-generated WordPress .htaccess file Swapped ServerName and ServerAlias directives Cleared browser cache Confirmed disk location of resources Checked PHP, access, and error logs Confirmed correct DNS setup (can post if necessary) I'm at a total loss. Thanks for helping me out!

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  • What are some alternatives to word processing with Markdown?

    - by Hassan
    I've used MS Word-style editors for a long time, but I never got used to how unintuitive and cumbersome they are. I'm not talking specifically about MS Word, but also other editors that seem to mimic Word, like OpenOffice, NeoOffice, etc. I've found myself preferring to write in Markdown (much like on this site). I've found a few good Markdown editors, and I like using them a lot more than using Word-style editors. Here is what they generally look like: As you can see, it works much differently than a Word-style editor. This is a generally cleaner way of writing, since formatting is done right in the text, and is extremely simple to use (no highlighting some text, then clicking a button in some menu you have to find). Although editing text this way is great, I've realized that the syntax can only be used for very specific needs (bullets, numbered lists, headings and sub-headings, bold, italic, and some other common ones). However, many features are missing. Here are some features that would be nice in a word processor: Tables. Indenting paragraphs. Good image support (you can link to images, but not add them, since Markdown is just text). More simple to use than Word and its cronies. Cross-platform. Some of these can be fixed with in-line HTML, but nobody wants to do that. It seems Markdown was designed for editing text on the internet. Is there a similar setup that works better for desktop word processors?

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  • Identifying and Resolving Oracle ITL Deadlock

    - by Allan
    I have an Oracle DB package that is routinely causing what I believe is an ITL (Interested Transaction List) deadlock. The relevant portion of a trace file is below. Deadlock graph: ---------Blocker(s)-------- ---------Waiter(s)--------- Resource Name process session holds waits process session holds waits TM-0000cb52-00000000 22 131 S 23 143 SS TM-0000ceec-00000000 23 143 SX 32 138 SX SSX TM-0000cb52-00000000 30 138 SX 22 131 S session 131: DID 0001-0016-00000D1C session 143: DID 0001-0017-000055D5 session 143: DID 0001-0017-000055D5 session 138: DID 0001-001E-000067A0 session 138: DID 0001-001E-000067A0 session 131: DID 0001-0016-00000D1C Rows waited on: Session 143: no row Session 138: no row Session 131: no row There are no bit-map indexes on this table, so that's not the cause. As far as I can tell, the lack of "Rows waited on" plus the "S" in the Waiter waits column likely indicates that this is an ITL deadlock. Also, the table is written to quite often (roughly 8 insert or updates concurrently, as often as 240 times a minute), so and ITL deadlock seems like a strong possibility. I've increased the INITRANS parameter of the table and it's indexes to 100 and increased the PCT_FREE on the table from 10 to 20 (then rebuilt the indexes), but the deadlocks are still occurring. The deadlock seems to happen most often during an update, but that could just be a coincidence, as I've only traced it a couple of times. My questions are two-fold: 1) Is this actually an ITL deadlock? 2) If it is an ITL deadlock, what else can be done to avoid it? Cross-posted from Stack Overflow. Deadlocks are normally a programming problem, but ITL deadlocks relate directly to how Oracle writes to disk, so this may be an area where DBAs have more experience.

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  • Does the mysql Client API Library version have to match the installed MySQL/Percona server version?

    - by William Jamieson
    I'm running Scientific Linux 6.3 (binary compaible with Redhat/CentOS/etc..) as a LAMP stack. I've installed Percona server and client v5.5 from the Percona yum repository. However when I run phpinfo() I notice that under the MySQL and mysqli sections, it lists the Client API Library version as 5.1.66, and not 5.5x. I'm guessing these need to match, at least to major versions, and I have no idea what the possible consequences of such a mismatch could be. Do I need to revert to Percona server and client v5.1? This is for a production environment so it needs to be right. I'd appreciate any input or experience people could offer. I'm running Scientific Linux 6.3 (binary compaible with Redhat/CentOS/etc..) as a LAMP stack. I've installed Percona server and client v5.5 from the Percona yum repository. However when I run phpinfo() I notice that under the MySQL and mysqli sections, it lists the Client API Library version as 5.1.66, and not 5.5x. I'm guessing these need to match, at least to major versions, and I have no idea what the possible consequences of such a mismatch could be. Do I need to revert to Percona server and client v5.1? This is for a production environment so it needs to be right. I'd appreciate any input or experience people could offer. (Note I will also be cross posting this on the Percona forums)

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  • Portable, battery-powered, wireless access point, ethernet adapter

    - by Jed
    I am in need of an adapter that will convert an ethernet port into a wireless access point. I have found a handful of devices, but I'm unable to find a device that is battery powered. Does a self-powered wireless access point even exist? The particular scenario that I will be using the device for is not your typical computer/PC scenario. For the curious, here's a bit of background on the problem I'm trying to solve: I make devices (controllers) that monitor water systems. Our controllers have a Webserver that serves out web pages so that users can configure the controller's settings. Typically, the user will use a cross-over cable to connect directly to the controller's ethernet port with their laptop to gain access to the controller's web pages. Now that tablets (devices that don't have an ethernet port - iPad, for example) are becoming more common, I need to find a device that will convert the controller's ethernet port into a wireless access point so that the user can connect to the controller's web pages via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. It's worth noting that this wireless device that I'm looking for will NOT be permanently installed on the controller. It will be a portable device that the user will use on any of his controllers when he needs to make a connection to the controller. If you know of a device that will solve the scenario that I mention above, please share your info.

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  • How to restore Linode to Vagrant VM?

    - by Iain Elder
    I'm trying to set up a Linux development environment so I can safely make changes to my website without breaking the live site. Linode hosts my live site. A simple solution would be to host my development server on Linode as well, but I want to avoid doubling my hosting costs. The cheapest way I see is to use Vagrant on my Windows workstation to host my development environment. After I attempt to restore the backup to Vagrant and reboot the VM, I can no longer ssh into the Vagrant host. It's probably because by restoring the backup I overwrite some special Vagrant configuration, but I'm not sure how to avoid that. How do I make this approach work? If my approach is fundamentally wrong, can you suggest an alternative? Creating the backup On the Linode I used these commands to create a compressed copy of the entire filesystem, while ignoring things that shouldn't be included in the backup: $ sudo rsync -ahvz --exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/run/*,/mnt/*,/backup/*} /* /backup/2 $ sudo tar -czf /backup/2.gz /backup/2 The backup file is called 2.gz because this is thesecond backup. The first backup is called 1.gz. I use WinSCP to copy the backup file to my Windows workstation. Setting up the Vagrant host I need a Vagrant box that matches my Linode operating system (Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS, kernel 3.9.3). I selected the closet match from vagrantbox.es: Ubuntu Server Precise 12.04.3 amd64 Kernel is ready for Docker (Docker not included) On my workstation I ran these commands to add the box and initialize and boot an instance: $ vagrant box add ubuntu-precise http://nitron-vagrant.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/vagrant_ubuntu_12.04.3_amd64_virtualbox.box $ mkdir linode-test $ cd linode-test $ vagrant init ubuntu-precise $ vagrant up Now Vagrant is running a machine with SSH on port 2222. The operating system version is the same. The kernel version is 3.8.0. Sounds close enough. Restoring the backup With WinSCP I copied the backup file 2.gz to /home/vagrant/2.gz on the Vagrant box. With PuTTY I connected via ssh to my new Vagrant box: On the box move the backup to the filesystem root. $ sudo mv 2.gz / Extract the archive to the filesystem root: $ sudo tar -xvpz -f 2.gz -C / --strip-components=2 (I discovered I need to use strip components because all files in the archive have the prefix backup/2/. I'll fix this for the next backup.) After the tar command completes, I log out of the box. Testing the backup When I try to log in again, it doesn't let me log in as vagrant with a password any more. It does let me log in as iain, my user on the live Linode, with a password. That surprised me because I disabled password authentication on my live Linode. I figured that I have to restart the ssh service for the change to take effect. Instead of restarting just ssh, I chose to restart the whole system. Now I can't even get to the login screen. PuTTY says "connection refused" when I try to connect. What went wrong?

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