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• Rapid Evolution of Society & Technology

  - by Michael Snow

  We caught up with Brian Solis on the phone the other day and Christie Flanagan had a chance to chat with him and learn a bit more about him and some of the concepts he'll be addressing in our Social Business Thought Leaders Webcast on Thursday 12/13/12. «--- Interview with Brian Solis  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Be sure and register for this week's webcast ---» ------------------- Guest post by Brian Solis. Reposted (Borrowed) from his posting of May 24, 2012 Dear [insert business name], what’s your promise? - Brian Solis You say you want to get closer to customers, but your actions are different than your words. You say you want to “surprise and delight” customers, but your product development teams are too busy building against a roadmap without consideration of the 5th P of marketing…people. Your employees are your number one asset, however the infrastructure of the organization has turned once optimistic and ambitious intrapreneurs into complacent cogs or worse, your greatest detractors. You question the adoption of disruptive technology by your internal champions yet you’ve not tried to find the value for yourself. You’re a change agent and you truly wish to bring about change, but you’ve not invested time or resources to answer “why” in your endeavors to become a connected or social business. If we are to truly change, we must find purpose. We must uncover the essence of our business and the value it delivers to traditional and connected consumers. We must rethink the spirit of today’s embrace and clearly articulate how transformation is going to improve customer and employee experiences and relationships now and over time. Without doing so, any attempts at evolution will be thwarted by reality. In an era of Digital Darwinism, no business is too big to fail or too small to succeed. These are undisciplined times which require alternative approaches to recognize and pursue new opportunities. But everything begins with acknowledging the 360 view of the world that you see today is actually a filtered view of managed and efficient convenience. Today, many organizations that were once inspired by innovation and engagement have fallen into a process of marketing, operationalizing, managing, and optimizing. That might have worked for the better part of the last century, but for the next 10 years and beyond, new vision, leadership and supporting business models will be written to move businesses from rigid frameworks to adaptive and agile entities. I believe that today’s executives will undergo a great test; a test of character, vision, intention, and universal leadership. It starts with a simple, but essential question…what is your promise? Notice, I didn’t ask about your brand promise. Nor did I ask for you to cite your mission and vision statements. This is much more than value propositions or manufactured marketing language designed to hook audiences and stakeholders. I asked for your promise to me as your consumer, stakeholder, and partner. This isn’t about B2B or B2C, but instead, people to people, person to person. It is this promise that will breathe new life into an organization that on the outside, could be misdiagnosed as catatonic by those who are disrupting your markets. A promise, for example, is meant to inspire. It creates alignment. It serves as the foundation for your vision, mission, and all business strategies and it must come from the top to mean anything. For without it, we cannot genuinely voice what it is we stand for or stand behind. Think for a moment about the definition of community. It’s easy to confuse a workplace or a market where everyone simply shares common characteristics. However, a community in this day and age is much more than belonging to something, it’s about doing something together that makes belonging matter The next few years will force a divide where companies are separated by intention as measured by actions and words. But, becoming a social business is not enough. Becoming more authentic and transparent doesn’t serve as a mantra for a renaissance. A promise is the ink that inscribes the spirit of the relationship between you and me. A promise serves as the words that influence change from within and change beyond the halls of our business. It is the foundation for a renewed embrace, one that must then find its way to every aspect of the organization. It’s the difference between a social business and an adaptive business. While an adaptive business can also be social, it is the culture of the organization that strives to not just use technology to extend current philosophies or processes into new domains, but instead give rise to a new culture where striving for relevance is among its goals. The tools and networks simply become enablers of a greater mission You are reading this because you believe in something more than what you’re doing today. While you fight for change within your organization, remember to aim for a higher purpose. Organizations that strive for innovation, imagination, and relevance will outperform those that do not. Part of your job is to lead a missionary push that unites the groundswell with a top down cascade. Change will only happen because you and other internal champions see what others can’t and will do what other won’t. It takes resolve. It takes the ability to translate new opportunities into business value. And, it takes courage. “This is a very noisy world, so we have to be very clear what we want them to know about us”-Steve Jobs ----------------------------------------------------------------- So -- where do you begin to evaluate the kind of experience you are delivering for your customers, partners, and employees?  Take a look at this White Paper: Creating a Successful and Meaningful Customer Experience on the Web and then have a cup of coffee while you listen to the sage advice of Guy Kawasaki in a short video below.   An interview with Guy Kawasaki on Maximizing Social Media Channels 

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• Why We Should Learn to Stop Worrying and Love Millennials

  - by HCM-Oracle

  By Christine Mellon Much is said and written about the new generations of employees entering our workforce, as though they are a strange specimen, a mysterious life form to be “figured out,” accommodated and engaged – at a safe distance, of course.  At its worst, this talk takes a critical and disapproving tone, with baby boomer employees adamantly refusing to validate this new breed of worker, let alone determine how to help them succeed and achieve their potential.   The irony of our baby-boomer resentments and suspicions is that they belie the fact that we created the very vision that younger employees are striving to achieve.  From our frustrations with empty careers that did not fulfill us, from our opposition to “the man,” from our sharp memories of our parents’ toiling for 30 years just for the right to retire, from the simple desire not to live our lives in a state of invisibility, came the seeds of hope for something better. One characteristic of Millennial workers that grew from these seeds is the desire to experience as much as possible.  They are the “Experiential Employee”, with a passion for growing in diverse ways and expanding personal and professional horizons.  Rather than rooting themselves in a single company for a career, or even in a single career path, these employees are committed to building a broad portfolio of experiences and capabilities that will enable them to make a difference and to leave a mark of significance in the world.  How much richer is the organization that nurtures and leverages this inclination?  Our curmudgeonly ways must be surrendered and our focus redirected toward building the next generation of talent ecosystems, if we are to optimize what future generations have to offer.   Accelerating Professional Development In spite of our Boomer grumblings about Millennials’ “unrealistic” expectations, the truth is that we have a well-matched set of circumstances.  We have executives-in-waiting who want to learn quickly and a concurrent, urgent need to ramp up their development time, based on anticipated high levels of retirement in the next 10+ years.  Since we need to rapidly skill up these heirs to the corporate kingdom, isn’t it a fortunate coincidence that they are hungry to learn, develop and move fluidly throughout our organizations??  So our challenge now is to efficiently operationalize the wisdom we have acquired about effective learning and development.   We have already evolved from classroom-based models to diverse instructional methods.  The next step is to find the best approaches to help younger employees learn quickly and apply new learnings in an impactful way.   Creating temporary or even permanent functional partnerships among Millennial employees is one way to maximize outcomes.  This might take the form of 2 or more employees owning aspects of what once fell under a single role.  While one might argue this would mean duplication of resources, it could be a short term cost while employees come up to speed.  And the potential benefits would be numerous:  leveraging and validating the inherent sense of community of new generations, creating cross-functional skills with broad applicability, yielding additional perspectives and approaches to traditional work outcomes, and accelerating the performance curve for incumbents through Cooperative Learning (Johnson, D. and Johnson R., 1989, 1999).  This well-researched teaching strategy, where students support each other in the absorption and application of new information, has been shown to deliver faster, more efficient learning, and greater retention. Alternately, perhaps short term contracts with exiting retirees, or former retirees, to help facilitate the development of following generations may have merit.  Again, a short term cost, certainly.  However, the gains realized in shortening the learning curve, and strengthening engagement are substantial and lasting. Ultimately, there needs to be creative thinking applied for each organization on how to accelerate the capabilities of our future leaders in unique ways that mesh with current culture. The manner in which performance is evaluated must finally shift as well.  Employees will need to be assessed on how well they have developed key skills and capabilities vs. end-to-end mastery of functional positions they have no interest in keeping for an entire career. As we become more comfortable in placing greater and greater weight on competencies vs. tasks, we will realize increased organizational agility via this new generation of workers, which will be further enhanced by their natural flexibility and appetite for change. Revisiting Succession  For many years, organizations have failed to deliver desired succession planning outcomes.  According to CEB’s 2013 research, only 28% of current leaders were pre-identified in a succession plan. These disappointing results, along with the entrance of the experiential, Millennial employee into the workforce, may just provide the needed impetus for HR to reinvent succession processes.   We have recognized that the best professional development efforts are not always linear, and the time has come to fully adopt this philosophy in regard to succession as well.  Paths to specific organizational roles will not look the same for newer generations who seek out unique learning opportunities, without consideration of a singular career destination.  Rather than charting particular jobs as precursors for key positions, the experiences and skills behind what makes an incumbent successful must become essential in succession mapping.  And the multitude of ways in which those experiences and skills may be acquired must be factored into the process, along with the individual employee’s level of learning agility. While this may seem daunting, it is necessary and long overdue.  We have talked about the criticality of competency-based succession, however, we have not lived up to our own rhetoric.  Many Boomers have experienced the same frustration in our careers; knowing we are capable of shining in a particular role, but being denied the opportunity due to how our career history lined up, on paper, with documented job requirements.  These requirements usually emphasized past jobs/titles and specific tasks, versus capabilities, drive and willingness (let alone determination) to learn new things.  How satisfying would it be for us to leave a legacy where such narrow thinking no longer applies and potential is amplified? Realizing Diversity Another bloom from the seeds we Boomers have tried to plant over the past decades is a completely evolved view of diversity.  Millennial employees assume a diverse workforce, and are startled by anything less.  Their social tolerance, nurtured by wide and diverse networks, is unprecedented.  College graduates expect a similar landscape in the “real world” to what they experienced throughout their lives.  They appreciate and seek out divergent points of view and experiences without needing any persuasion.  The face of our U.S. workforce will likely see dramatic change as Millennials apply their fresh take on hiring and building strong teams, with an inherent sense of inclusion.  This wonderful aspect of the Millennial wave should be celebrated and strongly encouraged, as it is the fulfillment of our own aspirations. Future Perfect The Experiential Employee is operating more as a free agent than a long term player, and their commitment will essentially last as long as meaningful organizational culture and personal/professional opportunities keep their interest.  As Boomers, we have laid the foundation for this new, spirited employment attitude, and we should take pride in knowing that.  Generations to come will challenge organizations to excel in how they identify, manage and nurture talent. Let’s support and revel in the future that we’ve helped invent, rather than lament what we think has been lost.  After all, the future is always connected to the past.  And as so eloquently phrased by Antoine Lavoisier, French nobleman, chemist and politico:  “Nothing is Lost, Nothing is Created, and Everything is Transformed.” Christine has over 25 years of diverse HR experience.  She has held HR consulting and corporate roles, including CHRO positions for Echostar in Denver, a 6,000+ employee global engineering firm, and Aepona, a startup software firm, successfully acquired by Intel. Christine is a resource to Oracle clients, to assist in Human Capital Management strategy development and implementation, compensation practices, talent development initiatives, employee engagement, global HR management, and integrated HR systems and processes that support the full employee lifecycle. 

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• BRE (Business Rules Engine) Data Services is out...!!!

  - by Vishal

  A few months ago we at Tellago had open sourced the BizTalk Data Services. We were meanwhile working on other artifacts which comes along with BizTalk Server like the “Business Rules Engine”.  We are happy to announce the first version of BRE Data Services. BRE Data Services is a same concept which we covered through BTS Data Services, providing a RESTFul OData – based API to interact with the Business Rules Engine via HTTP using ATOM Publishing Protocol or JSON as the encoding mechanism.   In the first version release, we mainly focused on the browsing, querying and searching BRE artifacts via a RESTFul interface. Also along with that we provide the functionality to execute Business Rules by inserting the Facts for policies via the IUpdatable implementation of WCF Data Services.   The BRE Data Services API provides a lightweight interface for managing Business Rules Engine artifacts such as Policies, Rules, Vocabularies, Conditions, Actions, Facts etc. The following are some examples which details some of the available features in the current version of the API.   Basic Querying: Querying BRE Policies http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Policies Querying BRE Rules http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Rules Querying BRE Vocabularies http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Vocabularies   Navigation: The BRE Data Services API also leverages WCF Data Services to enable navigation across related different BRE objects. Querying a specific Policy http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Policies(‘PolicyName’) Querying a specific Rule http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Rules(‘RuleName’) Querying all Rules under a Policy http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Policies('PolicyName')/Rules Querying all Facts under a Policy http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Policies('PolicyName')/Facts Querying all Actions for a specific Rule http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Rules('RuleName')/Actions Querying all Conditions for a specific Rule http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Rules('RuleName')/Actions Querying a specific Vocabulary: http://localhost/BREDataServices/BREMananagementService.svc/Vocabularies('VocabName')   Implementation: With the BRE Data Services, we also provide the functionality of executing a particular policy via HTTP. There are couple of ways you can do that though the API.   Ø First is though Service Operations feature of WCF Data Services in which you can execute the Facts by passing them in the URL itself. This is a very simple implementations of the executing the policies due to the limitations & restrictions (only primitive types of input parameters which can be passed) currently of the Service Operations of the WCF Data Services. Below is a code sample.                Below is a traced Request/Response message.                                 Ø Second is through the IUpdatable Interface of WCF Data Services. In this method, you can first query the rule which you want to execute and then inserts Facts for that particular Rules and finally when you perform the SaveChanges() call for the IUpdatable Interface API, it executes the policy with the facts which you inserted at runtime. Below is a sample of client side code. Due to the limitations of current version of WCF Data Services where there is no way you can return back the updates happening on the service side back to the client via the SaveChanges() method. Here we are executing the rule passing a serialized XML as Facts and there is no changes made to any data where we can query back to fetch the changes. This is overcome though the first way to executing the policies which is by executing it as a Service Operation call.     This actually generates a AtomPub message shown as below:   POST /Tellago.BRE.REST.ServiceHost/BREMananagementService.svc/$batch HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Microsoft ADO.NET Data Services DataServiceVersion: 1.0;NetFx MaxDataServiceVersion: 2.0;NetFx Accept: application/atom+xml,application/xml Accept-Charset: UTF-8 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=batch_6b9a5ced-5ecb-4585-940a-9d5e704c28c7 Host: localhost:8080 Content-Length: 1481 Expect: 100-continue   --batch_6b9a5ced-5ecb-4585-940a-9d5e704c28c7 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=changeset_184a8c59-a714-4ba9-bb3d-889a88fe24bf   --changeset_184a8c59-a714-4ba9-bb3d-889a88fe24bf Content-Type: application/http Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary   MERGE http://localhost:8080/Tellago.BRE.REST.ServiceHost/BREMananagementService.svc/Facts('TestPolicy') HTTP/1.1 Content-ID: 4 Content-Type: application/atom+xml;type=entry Content-Length: 927   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> <entry xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata" font-size: x-small"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">   <category scheme="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/scheme" term="Tellago.BRE.REST.Resources.Fact" />   <title />   <author>     <name />   </author>   <updated>2011-01-31T20:09:15.0023982Z</updated>   <id>http://localhost:8080/Tellago.BRE.REST.ServiceHost/BREMananagementService.svc/Facts('TestPolicy')</id>   <content type="application/xml">     <m:properties>       <d:FactInstance>&lt;ns0:LoanStatus xmlns:ns0="http://tellago.com"&gt;&lt;Age&gt;10&lt;/Age&gt;&lt;Status&gt;true&lt;/Status&gt;&lt;/ns0:LoanStatus&gt;</d:FactInstance>       <d:FactType>TestSchema</d:FactType>       <d:ID>TestPolicy</d:ID>     </m:properties>   </content> </entry> --changeset_184a8c59-a714-4ba9-bb3d-889a88fe24bf-- --batch_6b9a5ced-5ecb-4585-940a-9d5e704c28c7—     Installation: The installation of the BRE Data Services is pretty straight forward. ·         Create a new IIS website say BREDataServices. ·         Download the SourceCode from TellagoCodeplex and copy the content from Tellago.BRE.REST.ServiceHost to the physical location of the above created website.     ·         The appPool account running the website should have admin access to the BizTalkRuleEngineDb database. ·         TheRight click the BREManagementService.svc in the IIS ContentView for the website and wala..     Conclusion: The BRE Data Services API is an experiment intended to bring the capabilities of RESTful/OData based services to the Traditional BTS/BRE Solutions. The future releases will target on technologies like BAM, ESB Toolkit. This version has been tested with various version of BizTalk Server and we have uploaded the source code to our Tellago's DevLabs workspace at Codeplex. I hope you guys enjoy this release. Keep an eye on our new releases @ Tellago Codeplex. We are working on various other Biztalk Artifacts like BAM, ESB Toolkit.     Till than happy BizzRuling…!!!     Thanks,   Vishal Mody

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• SQL Sentry First Impressions

  - by AjarnMark

  After struggling to defend my SQL Servers from a political attack recently, I realized that I needed better tools to back me up, and SQL Sentry is the leading candidate. A couple of weeks ago, seemingly from out of nowhere, complaints from the business users started coming in that one of the core internal applications was running dramatically slower than normal, and fingers were being pointed at the SQL Server.  Unfortunately, we don’t have a production DBA whose entire job is to monitor and maintain our SQL Servers.  The responsibility falls to me to do the best I can, investing only a small portion of my time, because there are so many other responsibilities to take care of, and our industry is still deep in recession.  I inherited these SQL Servers and have made significant improvements in process and procedure, but I had not yet made the time to take real baseline measurements or keep a really close eye on the performance.  Like many DBAs, I wrote several of my own tools and used the “built-in tools” like Profiler, PerfMon, and sp_who2 (did I mention most of our instances are SQL Server 2000?).  These have all served me well for in-the-moment troubleshooting and maintenance, but they really fell down on the job when I was called upon to “prove” that SQL Server performance was acceptable and more importantly had not degraded recently (i.e. historical comparisons).  I really didn’t have anything from a historical comparison perspective, but I was able to show that current performance was acceptable, and deflect attention back onto other components (which in fact turned out to be the real culprit). That experience dramatically illustrated the need for better monitoring tools.  Coincidentally, I had been talking recently to my boss about the mini nightmare of monitoring several critical and interdependent overnight jobs that operate on separate instances of SQL Server.  Among other tools, I had been using Idera’s SQL Job Manager which is a free tool and did a nice job of showing me job schedules and histories in a nice calendar view.  This worked fairly well, and for the money (did I mention it was free?) it couldn’t be beat.  But it is based on the stored job history in MSDB, and there were other performance problems that we ran into when we started changing the settings for how much job history to retain, in order to be able to look back a month or more in the calendar view.  Another coincidence (if you believe in such things) was that when we had some of those performance challenges, I posted a couple of questions to the #sqlhelp hashtag on Twitter and Greg Gonzalez (@SQLSensei) suggested I check out SQL Sentry’s Event Manager.  At the time, I just thought he worked there, but later found out that he founded the company.  When I took a quick look at the features & benefits, the one that really jumped out at me is Chaining and Queueing which sounded like it would really help with our “interdependent jobs on different servers” issue. I know that is a lot of background story and coincidences, but hopefully you have stuck with me so far, and now we have arrived at the point where last week I downloaded and installed the 30-day trial of the SQL Sentry Power Suite, which is Event Manager plus Performance Advisor.  And I must say that I really like what I see so far.  Here are a few highlights: Great Support.  I had two issues getting the trial setup and monitoring a handful of our servers.  One of which was entirely my fault (missed a security setting in SQL 2008) and the other was mostly my fault (late change to some config settings that were apparently cached and did not get refreshed properly).  In both cases, the support staff at SQL Sentry were very responsive and rather quickly figured out what the cause and fix was for each of them.  This left me with a great impression of the company.  Kudos to them! Chaining and Queueing.  While I have not yet activated this feature, I am very excited about the possibilities.  We have jobs on three different instances of SQL Server that have to be run in a certain order, and each has to finish before the next can successfully begin, and I believe this feature will ensure just that.  It has been a real pain in the backside when one of those jobs runs just a little too long and does not finish before the job on another instance starts, thus triggering a chain reaction of either outright job failures, or worse, successful completion of completely invalid processing. Calendar View.  I really, really like the Event Manager calendar view where I can see all jobs and events across all instances and identify potential resource contention as well as windows of opportunity for maintenance activity.  Very well done, and based on Event Manager’s own database of accumulated historical information rather than querying the source instances every time. Performance Advisor Dashboard History View.  This view let’s me quickly select a date and time range and it displays graphs of key SQL Server and Windows metrics.  This is exactly the thing I needed to answer the “has performance changed recently” question at the beginning of this post. Reporting Services Subscription Jobs with Report Name.  This was a big and VERY pleasant surprise.  If you have ever looked at the list of SQL Server jobs that SQL Server Reporting Services creates when you make a Subscription, you will notice that they all have some sort of GUID as the name of the job.  This is really ugly, and really annoying because when you are just looking at the SQL Agent and Job Activity Monitor, if you see that Job X failed, you really do not have any indication in the name or the properties of the Job itself, as to what Report that was for.  But with SQL Sentry Event Manager you do.  The Jobs list in the Navigator pane in SQL Sentry, amazingly, displays the name of the Report that the Subscription Job is for.  And when you open it to see more details, it shows you the full Reporting Services path to that Report, so you can immediately track it down in the Report Manager in case you want to identify/notify the owner or edit the Subscription information.  I did not expect this at all, but I sure do like it.  HOORAY! That is just my first impressions from using the tools for a few days.  And I haven’t even gotten into how it showed me where I was completely mistaken about one aspect of my SQL Server disk configurations.  I’ll share that lesson in another blog entry.  But I have to say it again, the combination of Event Manager and Performance Advisor working together have really made me a fan.

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• It was a figure of speech!

  - by Ratman21

  Yesterday I posted the following as attention getter / advertisement (as well as my feelings). In the groups, (I am in) on the social networking site, LinkedIn and boy did I get responses.    I am fighting mad about (a figure of speech, really) not having a job! Look just because I am over 55 and have gray hair. It does not mean, my brain is dead or I can no longer trouble shoot a router or circuit or LAN issue. Or that I can do “IT” work at all. And I could prove this if; some one would give me at job. Come on try me for 90 days at min. wage. I know you will end up keeping me (hope fully at normal pay) around. Is any one hearing me…come on take up the challenge!     This was the responses I got.   I hear you. We just need to retrain and get our skills up to speed is all. That is what I am doing. I have not given up. Just got to stay on top of the game. Experience is on our side if we have the credentials and we are reasonable about our salaries this should not be an issue.   Already on it, going back to school and have got three certifications (CompTIA A+, Security+ and Network+. I am now studying for my CISCO CCNA certification. As to my salary, I am willing to work at very reasonable rate.   You need to re-brand yourself like a product, market and sell yourself. You need to smarten up, look and feel a million dollars, re-energize yourself, regain your confidents. Either start your own business, or re-write your CV so it stands out from the rest, get the template off the internet. Contact every recruitment agent in your town, state, country and overseas, and on the web. Apply to every job you think you could do, you may not get it but you will make a contact for your network, which may lead to a job at the end of the tunnel. Get in touch with everyone you know from past jobs. Do charity work. I maintain the IT Network, stage electrical and the Telecom equipment in my church,   Again already on it. I have email the world is seems with my resume and cover letters. So far, I have rewritten or had it rewrote, my resume and cover letters; over seven times so far. Re-energize? I never lost my energy level or my self-confidents in my work (now if could get some HR personal to see the same). I also volunteer at my church, I created and maintain the church web sit.   I share your frustration. Sucks being over 50 and looking for work. Please don't sell yourself short at min wage because the employer will think that’s your worth. Keep trying!!   I never stop trying and min wage is only for 90 days. If some one takes up the challenge. Some post asked if I am keeping up technology.   Do you keep up with the latest technology and can speak the language fluidly?   Yep to that and as to speaking it also a yep! I am a geek you know. I heard from others over the 50 year mark and younger too.   I'm with you! I keep getting told that I don't have enough experience because I just recently completed a Masters level course in Microsoft SQL Server, which gave me a project-intensive equivalent of between 2 and 3 years of experience. On top of that training, I have 19 years as an applications programmer and database administrator. I can normalize rings around experienced DBAs and churn out effective code with the best of them. But my 19 years is worthless as far as most recruiters and HR people are concerned because it is not the specific experience for which they're looking. HR AND RECRUITERS TAKE NOTE: Experience, whatever the language, translates across platforms and technology! By the way, I'm also over 55 and still have "got it"!   I never lost it and I also can work rings round younger techs.   I'm 52 and female and seem to be having the same issues. I have over 10 years experience in tech support (with a BS in CIS) and can't get hired either.   Ow, I only have an AS in computer science along with my certifications.   Keep the faith, I have been unemployed since August of 2008. I agree with you...I am willing to return to the beginning of my retail career and work myself back through the ranks, if someone will look past the grey and realize the knowledge I would bring to the table.   I also would like some one to look past the gray.   Interesting approach, volunteering to work for minimum wage for 90 days. I'm in the same situation as you, being 55 & balding w/white hair, so I know where you're coming from. I've been out of work now for a year. I'm in Michigan, where the unemployment rate is estimated to be 15% (the worst in the nation) & even though I've got 30+ years of IT experience ranging from mainframe to PC desktop support, it's difficult to even get a face-to-face interview. I had one prospective employer tell me flat out that I "didn't have the energy required for this position". Mostly I never get any feedback. All I can say is good luck & try to remain optimistic.   He said WHAT! Yes remaining optimistic is key. Along with faith in God. Then there was this (for lack of better word) jerk.   Give it up already. You were too old to work in high tech 10 years ago. Scratch that, 20 years ago! Try selling hot dogs in front of Fry's Electronics. At least you would get a chance to eat lunch with your previous colleagues....   You know funny thing on this person is that I checked out his profile. He is older than I am.

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• The Presentation Isn't Over Until It's Over

  - by Phil Factor

  The senior corporate dignitaries settled into their seats looking important in a blue-suited sort of way. The lights dimmed as I strode out in front to give my presentation.  I had ten vital minutes to make my pitch.  I was about to dazzle the top management of a large software company who were considering the purchase of my software product. I would present them with a dazzling synthesis of diagrams, graphs, followed by  a live demonstration of my software projected from my laptop.  My preparation had been meticulous: It had to be: A year’s hard work was at stake, so I’d prepared it to perfection.  I stood up and took them all in, with a gaze of sublime confidence. Then the laptop expired. There are several possible alternative plans of action when this happens     A. Stare at the smoking laptop vacuously, flapping ones mouth slowly up and down     B. Stand frozen like a statue, locked in indecision between fright and flight.     C. Run out of the room, weeping     D. Pretend that this was all planned     E. Abandon the presentation in favour of a stilted and tedious dissertation about the software     F. Shake your fist at the sky, and curse the sense of humour of your preferred deity I started for a few seconds on plan B, normally referred to as the ‘Rabbit in the headlamps of the car’ technique. Suddenly, a little voice inside my head spoke. It spoke the famous inane words of Yogi Berra; ‘The game isn't over until it's over.’ ‘Too right’, I thought. What to do? I ran through the alternatives A-F inclusive in my mind but none appealed to me. I was completely unprepared for this. Nowadays, longevity has since taught me more than I wanted to know about the wacky sense of humour of fate, and I would have taken two laptops. I hadn’t, but decided to do the presentation anyway as planned. I started out ignoring the dead laptop, but pretending, instead that it was still working. The audience looked startled. They were expecting plan B to be succeeded by plan C, I suspect. They weren’t used to denial on this scale. After my introductory talk, which didn’t require any visuals, I came to the diagram that described the application I’d written.  I’d taken ages over it and it was hot stuff. Well, it would have been had it been projected onto the screen. It wasn’t. Before I describe what happened then, I must explain that I have thespian tendencies.  My  triumph as Professor Higgins in My Fair Lady at the local operatic society is now long forgotten, but I remember at the time of my finest performance, the moment that, glancing up over the vast audience of  moist-eyed faces at the during the poignant  scene between Eliza and Higgins at the end, I  realised that I had a talent that one day could possibly  be harnessed for commercial use I just talked about the diagram as if it was there, but throwing in some extra description. The audience nodded helpfully when I’d done enough. Emboldened, I began a sort of mime, well, more of a ballet, to represent each slide as I came to it. Heaven knows I’d done my preparation and, in my mind’s eye, I could see every detail, but I had to somehow project the reality of that vision to the audience, much the same way any actor playing Macbeth should do the ghost of Banquo.  My desperation gave me a manic energy. If you’ve ever demonstrated a windows application entirely by mime, gesture and florid description, you’ll understand the scale of the challenge, but then I had nothing to lose. With a brief sentence of description here and there, and arms flailing whilst outlining the size and shape of  graphs and diagrams, I used the many tricks of mime, gesture and body-language  learned from playing Captain Hook, or the Sheriff of Nottingham in pantomime. I set out determinedly on my desperate venture. There wasn’t time to do anything but focus on the challenge of the task: the world around me narrowed down to ten faces and my presentation: ten souls who had to be hypnotized into seeing a Windows application:  one that was slick, well organized and functional I don’t remember the details. Eight minutes of my life are gone completely. I was a thespian berserker.  I know however that I followed the basic plan of building the presentation in a carefully controlled crescendo until the dazzling finale where the results were displayed on-screen.  ‘And here you see the results, neatly formatted and grouped carefully to enhance the significance of the figures, together with running trend-graphs!’ I waved a mime to signify an animated  window-opening, and looked up, in my first pause, to gaze defiantly  at the audience.  It was a sight I’ll never forget. Ten pairs of eyes were gazing in rapt attention at the imaginary window, and several pairs of eyes were glancing at the imaginary graphs and figures.  I hadn’t had an audience like that since my starring role in  Beauty and the Beast.  At that moment, I realized that my desperate ploy might work. I sat down, slightly winded, when my ten minutes were up.  For the first and last time in my life, the audience of a  ‘PowerPoint’ presentation burst into spontaneous applause. ‘Any questions?’ ‘Yes,  Have you got an agent?’ Yes, in case you’re wondering, I got the deal. They bought the software product from me there and then. However, it was a life-changing experience for me and I have never ever again trusted technology as part of a presentation.  Even if things can’t go wrong, they’ll go wrong and they’ll kill the flow of what you’re presenting.  if you can’t do something without the techno-props, then you shouldn’t do it.  The greatest lesson of all is that great presentations require preparation and  ‘stage-presence’ rather than fancy graphics. They’re a great supporting aid, but they should never dominate to the point that you’re lost without them.

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #031

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Find Table without Clustered Index – Find Table with no Primary Key Clustered index is very important concept for any table. They impact the performance very heavily. Here is a quick script to find tables without a clustered index. Replace TEXT with VARCHAR(MAX) – Stop using TEXT, NTEXT, IMAGE Data Types Question: “Is VARCHAR (MAX) big enough to store the TEXT field?” Answer: “Yes, VARCHAR(MAX) is big enough to accommodate TEXT field. TEXT, NTEXT and IMAGE data types of SQL Server 2000 will be deprecated in a future version of SQL Server, SQL Server 2005 provides backward compatibility to data types but it is recommended to use new data types which are VARHCAR (MAX), NVARCHAR (MAX) and VARBINARY (MAX).” Limiting Result Sets by Using TABLESAMPLE – Examples Introduced in SQL Server 2005, TABLESAMPLE allows you to extract a sampling of rows from a table in the FROM clause. The rows retrieved are random and they are are not in any order. This sampling can be based on a percentage of number of rows. You can use TABLESAMPLE when only a sampling of rows is necessary for the application instead of a full result set. User Defined Functions (UDF) Limitations UDF have its own advantage and usage but in this article we will see the limitation of UDF. Things UDF can not do and why Stored Procedure are considered as more flexible then UDFs. Stored Procedure are more flexibility then User Defined Functions(UDF). However, this blog post is a good read to know what are the limitations of UDF. Change Database Compatible Level – Backward Compatibility For a long time SQL Server stayed on the compatibility level of 80 which is of SQL Server 2000. However, as soon as SQL Server 2005 introduced the issue of compatibility was quite a major issue. Since that time MS has been releasing the versions at every 2-3 years, changing compatibility is a ever popular topic. In this blog post, we learn how we can do the same using T-SQL. We can also do the same using SSMS and here is the blog post for the same: Change Database Compatible Level – Backward Compatibility – Part 2 – Management Studio. Constraint on VARCHAR(MAX) Field To Limit It Certain Length How can I limit the VARCHAR(MAX) field with maximum length of 12500 characters only. His Question was valid as our application was allowed 12500 characters. First of all – this requirement is bit strange but if someone wants to do the same, they can do it as described in this blog post. 2008 UNPIVOT Table Example Understanding UNPIVOT can be very complicated at times. In this blog post, I have attempted to explain the same concept in very simple words. Create Default Constraint Over Table Column A simple straight to script blog post – I still use this blog quite many times for my own reference. UDF – Get the Day of the Week Function It took me 4 iteration to find this very simple function which can immediately get the day of the week in a single line. 2009 Find Hostname and Current Logged In User Name There are two tricks listed in this blog post where users can find out the hostname and current logged user name immediately and very easily. Interesting Observation of Logon Trigger On All Servers When I was doing a project, I made an interesting observation of executing a logon trigger multiple times. It was absolutely unexpected for me! As I was logging only once, naturally, I was expecting the entry only once. However, it did it multiple times on different threads – indeed an eccentric phenomenon at first sight! Difference Between Candidate Keys and Primary Key One needs to be very careful in selecting the Primary Key as an incorrect selection can adversely impact the database architect and future normalization. For a Candidate Key to qualify as a Primary Key, it should be Non-NULL and unique in any domain. I have observed quite often that Primary Keys are seldom changed. I would like to have your feedback on not changing a Primary Key. Create Multiple Filegroup For Single Database Why should one create multiple file group for any database and what are the advantages of the same. In this blog post, I explain the same in detail. List All Objects Created on All Filegroups in Database In this blog post we discuss the essential question – “How can I find which object belongs to which filegroup. Is there any way to know this?” 2010 DATE and TIME in SQL Server 2008 When DATE is converted to DATETIME it adds the of midnight. When TIME is converted to DATETIME it adds the date of 1900 and it is something one wants to consider if you are going to run scripts from SQL Server 2008 to earlier version with CONVERT. Disabled Index and Update Statistics If you do not need a nonclustered index, I suggest you to drop it as keeping them disabled is an overhead on your system. This is because every time the statistics are updated for system all the statistics for disabled indexes are also updated. Precision of SMALLDATETIME – A 1 Minute Precision The precision of the datatype SMALLDATETIME is 1 minute. It discards the seconds by rounding up or rounding down any seconds greater than zero. 2011 Getting Columns Headers without Result Data – SET FMTONLY ON SET FMTONLY ON returns only metadata to the client. It can be used to test the format of the response without actually running the query. When this setting is ON the resultset only have headers of the results but no data. Copy Database from Instance to Another Instance – Copy Paste in SQL Server SQL Server has a feature which copy database from one database to another database and it can be automated as well using SSIS. Make sure you have SQL Server Agent Turned on as this feature will create a job. Puzzle – SELECT * vs SELECT COUNT(*) If you have ever wondered SELECT * gives error when executed alone but SELECT COUNT(*) does not. Why? in that case, you should read this blog post. Creating All New Database with Full Recovery Model This blog post is very based on very interesting story where the user wants to do something by default for every single new database created. Model database is a secret weapon which should be used very carefully and with proper evalution. If used carefully this can be a very much beneficiary when we need a newly created database behave in certain fashion. 2012 In year 2012 I had two interesting series ran on the blog. If there is no fun in learning, the learning becomes a burden. For the same reason, I had decided to build a three part quiz around SEQUENCE. The quiz was to identify the next value of the sequence. I encourage all of you to take part in this fun quiz. Guess the Next Value – Puzzle 1 Guess the Next Value – Puzzle 2 Guess the Next Value – Puzzle 3 Can anyone remember their final day of schooling?  This is probably a silly question because – of course you can!  Many people mark this as the most exciting, happiest day of their life.  It marks the end of testing, the end of following rules set by teachers, and the beginning of finally being able to earn money and work in your chosen field. Read five part series on developer training subject Developer Training - Importance and Significance - Part 1 Developer Training – Employee Morals and Ethics – Part 2 Developer Training – Difficult Questions and Alternative Perspective - Part 3 Developer Training – Various Options for Developer Training – Part 4 Developer Training – A Conclusive Summary- Part 5 Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Real tortoises keep it slow and steady. How about the backups?

  - by Maria Zakourdaev

    … Four tortoises were playing in the backyard when they decided they needed hibiscus flower snacks. They pooled their money and sent the smallest tortoise out to fetch the snacks. Two days passed and there was no sign of the tortoise. "You know, she is taking a lot of time", said one of the tortoises. A little voice from just out side the fence said, "If you are going to talk that way about me I won't go." Is it too much to request from the quite expensive 3rd party backup tool to be a way faster than the SQL server native backup? Or at least save a respectable amount of storage by producing a really smaller backup files?  By saying “really smaller”, I mean at least getting a file in half size. After Googling the internet in an attempt to understand what other “sql people” are using for database backups, I see that most people are using one of three tools which are the main players in SQL backup area:  LiteSpeed by Quest SQL Backup by Red Gate SQL Safe by Idera The feedbacks about those tools are truly emotional and happy. However, while reading the forums and blogs I have wondered, is it possible that many are accustomed to using the above tools since SQL 2000 and 2005.  This can easily be understood due to the fact that a 300GB database backup for instance, using regular a SQL 2005 backup statement would have run for about 3 hours and have produced ~150GB file (depending on the content, of course).  Then you take a 3rd party tool which performs the same backup in 30 minutes resulting in a 30GB file leaving you speechless, you run to management persuading them to buy it due to the fact that it is definitely worth the price. In addition to the increased speed and disk space savings you would also get backup file encryption and virtual restore -  features that are still missing from the SQL server. But in case you, as well as me, don’t need these additional features and only want a tool that performs a full backup MUCH faster AND produces a far smaller backup file (like the gain you observed back in SQL 2005 days) you will be quite disappointed. SQL Server backup compression feature has totally changed the market picture. Medium size database. Take a look at the table below, check out how my SQL server 2008 R2 compares to other tools when backing up a 300GB database. It appears that when talking about the backup speed, SQL 2008 R2 compresses and performs backup in similar overall times as all three other tools. 3rd party tools maximum compression level takes twice longer. Backup file gain is not that impressive, except the highest compression levels but the price that you pay is very high cpu load and much longer time. Only SQL Safe by Idera was quite fast with it’s maximum compression level but most of the run time have used 95% cpu on the server. Note that I have used two types of destination storage, SATA 11 disks and FC 53 disks and, obviously, on faster storage have got my backup ready in half time. Looking at the above results, should we spend money, bother with another layer of complexity and software middle-man for the medium sized databases? I’m definitely not going to do so.  Very large database As a next phase of this benchmark, I have moved to a 6 terabyte database which was actually my main backup target. Note, how multiple files usage enables the SQL Server backup operation to use parallel I/O and remarkably increases it’s speed, especially when the backup device is heavily striped. SQL Server supports a maximum of 64 backup devices for a single backup operation but the most speed is gained when using one file per CPU, in the case above 8 files for a 2 Quad CPU server. The impact of additional files is minimal.  However, SQLsafe doesn’t show any speed improvement between 4 files and 8 files. Of course, with such huge databases every half percent of the compression transforms into the noticeable numbers. Saving almost 470GB of space may turn the backup tool into quite valuable purchase. Still, the backup speed and high CPU are the variables that should be taken into the consideration. As for us, the backup speed is more critical than the storage and we cannot allow a production server to sustain 95% cpu for such a long time. Bottomline, 3rd party backup tool developers, we are waiting for some breakthrough release. There are a few unanswered questions, like the restore speed comparison between different tools and the impact of multiple backup files on restore operation. Stay tuned for the next benchmarks.    Benchmark server: SQL Server 2008 R2 sp1 2 Quad CPU Database location: NetApp FC 15K Aggregate 53 discs Backup statements: No matter how good that UI is, we need to run the backup tasks from inside of SQL Server Agent to make sure they are covered by our monitoring systems. I have used extended stored procedures (command line execution also is an option, I haven’t noticed any impact on the backup performance). SQL backup LiteSpeed SQL Backup SQL safe backup database <DBNAME> to disk= '\\<networkpath>\par1.bak' , disk= '\\<networkpath>\par2.bak', disk= '\\<networkpath>\par3.bak' with format, compression EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_backup_database @database = N'<DBName>', @backupname= N'<DBName> full backup', @desc = N'Test', @compressionlevel=8, @filename= N'\\<networkpath>\par1.bak', @filename= N'\\<networkpath>\par2.bak', @filename= N'\\<networkpath>\par3.bak', @init = 1 EXECUTE master.dbo.sqlbackup '-SQL "BACKUP DATABASE <DBNAME> TO DISK= ''\\<networkpath>\par1.sqb'', DISK= ''\\<networkpath>\par2.sqb'', DISK= ''\\<networkpath>\par3.sqb'' WITH DISKRETRYINTERVAL = 30, DISKRETRYCOUNT = 10, COMPRESSION = 4, INIT"' EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_ss_backup @database = 'UCMSDB', @filename = '\\<networkpath>\par1.bak', @backuptype = 'Full', @compressionlevel = 4, @backupfile = '\\<networkpath>\par2.bak', @backupfile = '\\<networkpath>\par3.bak' If you still insist on using 3rd party tools for the backups in your production environment with maximum compression level, you will definitely need to consider limiting cpu usage which will increase the backup operation time even more: RedGate : use THREADPRIORITY option ( values 0 – 6 ) LiteSpeed : use  @throttle ( percentage, like 70%) SQL safe :  the only thing I have found was @Threads option.   Yours, Maria

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• DBA Best Practices - A Blog Series: Episode 1 - Backups

  - by Argenis

    This blog post is part of the DBA Best Practices series, on which various topics of concern for daily database operations are discussed. Your feedback and comments are very much welcome, so please drop by the comments section and be sure to leave your thoughts on the subject. Morning Coffee When I was a DBA, the first thing I did when I sat down at my desk at work was checking that all backups had completed successfully. It really was more of a ritual, since I had a dual system in place to check for backup completion: 1) the scheduled agent jobs to back up the databases were set to alert the NOC in failure, and 2) I had a script run from a central server every so often to check for any backup failures. Why the redundancy, you might ask. Well, for one I was once bitten by the fact that database mail doesn't work 100% of the time. Potential causes for failure include issues on the SMTP box that relays your server email, firewall problems, DNS issues, etc. And so to be sure that my backups completed fine, I needed to rely on a mechanism other than having the servers do the taking - I needed to interrogate the servers and ask each one if an issue had occurred. This is why I had a script run every so often. Some of you might have monitoring tools in place like Microsoft System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) or similar 3rd party products that would track all these things for you. But at that moment, we had no resort but to write our own Powershell scripts to do it. Now it goes without saying that if you don't have backups in place, you might as well find another career. Your most sacred job as a DBA is to protect the data from a disaster, and only properly safeguarded backups can offer you peace of mind here. "But, we have a cluster...we don't need backups" Sadly I've heard this line more than I would have liked to. You need to understand that a cluster is comprised of shared storage, and that is precisely your single point of failure. A cluster will protect you from an issue at the Operating System level, and also under an outage of any SQL-related service or dependent devices. But it will most definitely NOT protect you against corruption, nor will it protect you against somebody deleting data from a table - accidentally or otherwise. Backup, fine. How often do I take a backup? The answer to this is something you will hear frequently when working with databases: it depends. What does it depend on? For one, you need to understand how much data your business is willing to lose. This is what's called Recovery Point Objective, or RPO. If you don't know how much data your business is willing to lose, you need to have an honest and realistic conversation about data loss expectations with your customers, internal or external. From my experience, their first answer to the question "how much data loss can you withstand?" will be "zero". In that case, you will need to explain how zero data loss is very difficult and very costly to achieve, even in today's computing environments. Do you want to go ahead and take full backups of all your databases every hour, or even every day? Probably not, because of the impact that taking a full backup can have on a system. That's what differential and transaction log backups are for. Have I answered the question of how often to take a backup? No, and I did that on purpose. You need to think about how much time you have to recover from any event that requires you to restore your databases. This is what's called Recovery Time Objective. Again, if you go ask your customer how long of an outage they can withstand, at first you will get a completely unrealistic number - and that will be your starting point for discussing a solution that is cost effective. The point that I'm trying to get across is that you need to have a plan. This plan needs to be practiced, and tested. Like a football playbook, you need to rehearse the moves you'll perform when the time comes. How often is up to you, and the objective is that you feel better about yourself and the steps you need to follow when emergency strikes. A backup is nothing more than an untested restore Backups are files. Files are prone to corruption. Put those two together and realize how you feel about those backups sitting on that network drive. When was the last time you restored any of those? Restoring your backups on another box - that, by the way, doesn't have to match the specs of your production server - will give you two things: 1) peace of mind, because now you know that your backups are good and 2) a place to offload your consistency checks with DBCC CHECKDB or any of the other DBCC commands like CHECKTABLE or CHECKCATALOG. This is a great strategy for VLDBs that cannot withstand the additional load created by the consistency checks. If you choose to offload your consistency checks to another server though, be sure to run DBCC CHECKDB WITH PHYSICALONLY on the production server, and if you're using SQL Server 2008 R2 SP1 CU4 and above, be sure to enable traceflags 2562 and/or 2549, which will speed up the PHYSICALONLY checks further - you can read more about this enhancement here. Back to the "How Often" question for a second. If you have the disk, and the network latency, and the system resources to do so, why not backup the transaction log often? As in, every 5 minutes, or even less than that? There's not much downside to doing it, as you will have to clear the log with a backup sooner than later, lest you risk running out space on your tlog, or even your drive. The one drawback to this approach is that you will have more files to deal with at restore time, and processing each file will add a bit of extra time to the entire process. But it might be worth that time knowing that you minimized the amount of data lost. Again, test your plan to make sure that it matches your particular needs. Where to back up to? Network share? Locally? SAN volume? This is another topic where everybody has a favorite choice. So, I'll stick to mentioning what I like to do and what I consider to be the best practice in this regard. I like to backup to a SAN volume, i.e., a drive that actually lives in the SAN, and can be easily attached to another server in a pinch, saving you valuable time - you wouldn't need to restore files on the network (slow) or pull out drives out a dead server (been there, done that, it’s also slow!). The key is to have a copy of those backup files made quickly, and, if at all possible, to a remote target on a different datacenter - or even the cloud. There are plenty of solutions out there that can help you put such a solution together. That right there is the first step towards a practical Disaster Recovery plan. But there's much more to DR, and that's material for a different blog post in this series.

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• DBA Best Practices - A Blog Series: Episode 1 - Backups

  - by Argenis

    This blog post is part of the DBA Best Practices series, on which various topics of concern for daily database operations are discussed. Your feedback and comments are very much welcome, so please drop by the comments section and be sure to leave your thoughts on the subject. Morning Coffee When I was a DBA, the first thing I did when I sat down at my desk at work was checking that all backups have completed successfully. It really was more of a ritual, since I had a dual system in place to check for backup completion: 1) the scheduled agent jobs to back up the databases were set to alert the NOC in failure, and 2) I had a script run from a central server every so often to check for any backup failures. Why the redundancy, you might ask. Well, for one I was once bitten by the fact that database mail doesn't work 100% of the time. Potential causes for failure include issues on the SMTP box that relays your server email, firewall problems, DNS issues, etc. And so to be sure that my backups completed fine, I needed to rely on a mechanism other than having the servers do the taking - I needed to interrogate the servers and ask each one if an issue had occurred. This is why I had a script run every so often. Some of you might have monitoring tools in place like Microsoft System Center Operations Manager (SCOM) or similar 3rd party products that would track all these things for you. But at that moment, we had no resort but to write our own Powershell scripts to do it. Now it goes without saying that if you don't have backups in place, you might as well find another career. Your most sacred job as a DBA is to protect the data from a disaster, and only properly safeguarded backups can offer you peace of mind here. "But, we have a cluster...we don't need backups" Sadly I've heard this line more than I would have liked to. You need to understand that a cluster is comprised of shared storage, and that is precisely your single point of failure. A cluster will protect you from an issue at the Operating System level, and also under an outage of any SQL-related service or dependent devices. But it will most definitely NOT protect you against corruption, nor will it protect you against somebody deleting data from a table - accidentally or otherwise. Backup, fine. How often do I take a backup? The answer to this is something you will hear frequently when working with databases: it depends. What does it depend on? For one, you need to understand how much data your business is willing to lose. This is what's called Recovery Point Objective, or RPO. If you don't know how much data your business is willing to lose, you need to have an honest and realistic conversation about data loss expectations with your customers, internal or external. From my experience, their first answer to the question "how much data loss can you withstand?" will be "zero". In that case, you will need to explain how zero data loss is very difficult and very costly to achieve, even in today's computing environments. Do you want to go ahead and take full backups of all your databases every hour, or even every day? Probably not, because of the impact that taking a full backup can have on a system. That's what differential and transaction log backups are for. Have I answered the question of how often to take a backup? No, and I did that on purpose. You need to think about how much time you have to recover from any event that requires you to restore your databases. This is what's called Recovery Time Objective. Again, if you go ask your customer how long of an outage they can withstand, at first you will get a completely unrealistic number - and that will be your starting point for discussing a solution that is cost effective. The point that I'm trying to get across is that you need to have a plan. This plan needs to be practiced, and tested. Like a football playbook, you need to rehearse the moves you'll perform when the time comes. How often is up to you, and the objective is that you feel better about yourself and the steps you need to follow when emergency strikes. A backup is nothing more than an untested restore Backups are files. Files are prone to corruption. Put those two together and realize how you feel about those backups sitting on that network drive. When was the last time you restored any of those? Restoring your backups on another box - that, by the way, doesn't have to match the specs of your production server - will give you two things: 1) peace of mind, because now you know that your backups are good and 2) a place to offload your consistency checks with DBCC CHECKDB or any of the other DBCC commands like CHECKTABLE or CHECKCATALOG. This is a great strategy for VLDBs that cannot withstand the additional load created by the consistency checks. If you choose to offload your consistency checks to another server though, be sure to run DBCC CHECKDB WITH PHYSICALONLY on the production server, and if you're using SQL Server 2008 R2 SP1 CU4 and above, be sure to enable traceflags 2562 and/or 2549, which will speed up the PHYSICALONLY checks further - you can read more about this enhancement here. Back to the "How Often" question for a second. If you have the disk, and the network latency, and the system resources to do so, why not backup the transaction log often? As in, every 5 minutes, or even less than that? There's not much downside to doing it, as you will have to clear the log with a backup sooner than later, lest you risk running out space on your tlog, or even your drive. The one drawback to this approach is that you will have more files to deal with at restore time, and processing each file will add a bit of extra time to the entire process. But it might be worth that time knowing that you minimized the amount of data lost. Again, test your plan to make sure that it matches your particular needs. Where to back up to? Network share? Locally? SAN volume? This is another topic where everybody has a favorite choice. So, I'll stick to mentioning what I like to do and what I consider to be the best practice in this regard. I like to backup to a SAN volume, i.e., a drive that actually lives in the SAN, and can be easily attached to another server in a pinch, saving you valuable time - you wouldn't need to restore files on the network (slow) or pull out drives out a dead server (been there, done that, it’s also slow!). The key is to have a copy of those backup files made quickly, and, if at all possible, to a remote target on a different datacenter - or even the cloud. There are plenty of solutions out there that can help you put such a solution together. That right there is the first step towards a practical Disaster Recovery plan. But there's much more to DR, and that's material for a different blog post in this series.

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• Introduction to Human Workflow 11g

  - by agiovannetti

  Human Workflow is a component of SOA Suite just like BPEL, Mediator, Business Rules, etc. The Human Workflow component allows you to incorporate human intervention in a business process. You can use Human Workflow to create a business process that requires a manager to approve purchase orders greater than $10,000; or a business process that handles article reviews in which a group of reviewers need to vote/approve an article before it gets published. Human Workflow can handle the task assignment and routing as well as the generation of notifications to the participants. There are three common patterns or usages of Human Workflow: 1) Approval Scenarios: manage documents and other transactional data through approval chains . For example: approve expense report, vacation approval, hiring approval, etc. 2) Reviews by multiple users or groups: group collaboration and review of documents or proposals. For example, processing a sales quote which is subject to review by multiple people. 3) Case Management: workflows around work management or case management. For example, processing a service request. This could be routed to various people who all need to modify the task. It may also incorporate ad hoc routing which is unknown at design time. SOA 11g Human Workflow includes the following features: Assignment and routing of tasks to the correct users or groups. Deadlines, escalations, notifications, and other features required for ensuring the timely performance of a task. Presentation of tasks to end users through a variety of mechanisms, including a Worklist application. Organization, filtering, prioritization and other features required for end users to productively perform their tasks. Reports, reassignments, load balancing and other features required by supervisors and business owners to manage the performance of tasks. Human Workflow Architecture The Human Workflow component is divided into 3 modules: the service interface, the task definition and the client interface module. The Service Interface handles the interaction with BPEL and other components. The Client Interface handles the presentation of task data through clients like the Worklist application, portals and notification channels. The task definition module is in charge of managing the lifecycle of a task. Who should get the task assigned? What should happen next with the task? When must the task be completed? Should the task be escalated?, etc Stages and Participants When you create a Human Task you need to specify how the task is assigned and routed. The first step is to define the stages and participants. A stage is just a logical group. A participant can be a user, a group of users or an application role. The participants indicate the type of assignment and routing that will be performed. Stages can be sequential or in parallel. You can combine them to create any usage you require. See diagram below: Assignment and Routing There are different ways a task can be assigned and routed: Single Approver: task is assigned to a single user, group or role. For example, a vacation request is assigned to a manager. If the manager approves or rejects the request, the employee is notified with the decision. If the task is assigned to a group then once one of managers acts on it, the task is completed. Parallel : task is assigned to a set of people that must work in parallel. This is commonly used for voting. For example, a task gets approved once 50% of the participants approve it. You can also set it up to be a unanimous vote. Serial : participants must work in sequence. The most common scenario for this is management chain escalation. FYI (For Your Information) : task is assigned to participants who can view it, add comments and attachments, but can not modify or complete the task. Task Actions The following is the list of actions that can be performed on a task: Claim : if a task is assigned to a group or multiple users, then the task must be claimed first to be able to act on it. Escalate : if the participant is not able to complete a task, he/she can escalate it. The task is reassigned to his/her manager (up one level in a hierarchy). Pushback : the task is sent back to the previous assignee. Reassign :if the participant is a manager, he/she can delegate a task to his/her reports. Release : if a task is assigned to a group or multiple users, it can be released if the user who claimed the task cannot complete the task. Any of the other assignees can claim and complete the task. Request Information and Submit Information : use when the participant needs to supply more information or to request more information from the task creator or any of the previous assignees. Suspend and Resume :if a task is not relevant, it can be suspended. A suspension is indefinite. It does not expire until Resume is used to resume working on the task. Withdraw : if the creator of a task does not want to continue with it, for example, he wants to cancel a vacation request, he can withdraw the task. The business process determines what happens next. Renew : if a task is about to expire, the participant can renew it. The task expiration date is extended one week. Notifications Human Workflow provides a mechanism for sending notifications to participants to alert them of changes on a task. Notifications can be sent via email, telephone voice message, instant messaging (IM) or short message service (SMS). Notifications can be sent when the task status changes to any of the following: Assigned/renewed/delegated/reassigned/escalated Completed Error Expired Request Info Resume Suspended Added/Updated comments and/or attachments Updated Outcome Withdraw Other Actions (e.g. acquiring a task) Here is an example of an email notification: Worklist Application Oracle BPM Worklist application is the default user interface included in SOA Suite. It allows users to access and act on tasks that have been assigned to them. For example, from the Worklist application, a loan agent can review loan applications or a manager can approve employee vacation requests. Through the Worklist Application users can: Perform authorized actions on tasks, acquire and check out shared tasks, define personal to-do tasks and define subtasks. Filter tasks view based on various criteria. Work with standard work queues, such as high priority tasks, tasks due soon and so on. Work queues allow users to create a custom view to group a subset of tasks in the worklist, for example, high priority tasks, tasks due in 24 hours, expense approval tasks and more. Define custom work queues. Gain proxy access to part of another user's tasks. Define custom vacation rules and delegation rules. Enable group owners to define task dispatching rules for shared tasks. Collect a complete workflow history and audit trail. Use digital signatures for tasks. Run reports like Unattended tasks, Tasks productivity, etc. Here is a screenshoot of what the Worklist Application looks like. On the right hand side you can see the tasks that have been assigned to the user and the task's detail. References Introduction to SOA Suite 11g Human Workflow Webcast Note 1452937.2 Human Workflow Information Center Using the Human Workflow Service Component 11.1.1.6 Human Workflow Samples Human Workflow APIs Java Docs

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• FOUR questions to ask if you are implementing DATABASE-AS-A-SERVICE

  - by Sudip Datta

  During my ongoing tenure at Oracle, I have met all types of DBAs. Happy DBAs, unhappy DBAs, proud DBAs, risk-loving DBAs, cautious DBAs. These days, as Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) becomes more mainstream, I find some complacent DBAs who are basking in their achievement of having implemented DBaaS. Some others, however, are not that happy. They grudgingly complain that they did not have much of a say in the implementation, they simply had to follow what their cloud architects (mostly infrastructure admins) offered them. In most cases it would be a database wrapped inside a VM that would be labeled as “Database as a Service”. In other cases, it would be existing brute-force automation simply exposed in a portal. As much as I think that there is more to DBaaS than those approaches and often get tempted to propose Enterprise Manager 12c, I try to be objective. Neither do I want to dampen the spirit of the happy ones, nor do I want to stoke the pain of the unhappy ones. As I mentioned in my previous post, I don’t deny vanilla automation could be useful. I like virtualization too for what it has helped us accomplish in terms of resource management, but we need to scrutinize its merit on a case-by-case basis and apply it meaningfully. For DBAs who either claim to have implemented DBaaS or are planning to do so, I simply want to provide four key questions to ponder about: 1. Does it make life easier for your end users? Database-as-a-Service can have several types of end users. Junior DBAs, QA Engineers, Developers- each having their own skillset. The objective of DBaaS is to make their life simple, so that they can focus on their core responsibilities without having to worry about additional stuff. For example, if you are a Developer using Oracle Application Express (APEX), you want to deal with schema, objects and PL/SQL code and not with datafiles or listener configuration. If you are a QA Engineer needing database copies for functional testing, you do not want to deal with underlying operating system patching and compliance issues. The question to ask, therefore, is, whether DBaaS makes life easier for those users. It is often convenient to give them VM shells to deal with a la Amazon EC2 IaaS, but is that what they really want? Is it a productive use of a developer's time if he needs to apply RPM errata to his Linux operating system. Asking him to keep the underlying operating system current is like making a guest responsible for a restaurant's decor. 2. Does it make life easier for your administrators? Cloud, in general, is supposed to free administrators from attending to mundane tasks like provisioning services for every single end user request. It is supposed to enable a readily consumable platform and enforce standardization in the process. For example, if a Service Catalog exposes DBaaS of specific database versions and configurations, it, by its very nature, enforces certain discipline and standardization within the IT environment. What if, instead of specific database configurations, cloud allowed each end user to create databases of their liking resulting in hundreds of version and patch levels and thousands of individual databases. Therefore the right question to ask is whether the unwanted consequence of DBaaS is OS and database sprawl. And if so, who is responsible for tracking them, backing them up, administering them? Studies have shown that these administrative overheads increase exponentially with new targets, and it could result in a management nightmare. That leads us to our next question. 3. Does it satisfy your Security Officers and Compliance Auditors? Compliance Auditors need to know who did what and when. They also want the cloud platform to be secure, so that end users have little freedom in tampering with it. Dealing with VM sprawl is not the easiest of challenges, let alone dealing with them as they keep getting reconfigured and moved around. This leads to the proverbial needle in the haystack problem, and all it needs is one needle to cause a serious compliance issue in the enterprise. Bottomline is, flexibility and agility should not come at the expense of compliance and it is very important to get the balance right. Can we have security and isolation without creating compliance challenges? Instead of a ‘one size fits all approach’ i.e. OS level isolation, can we think smartly about database isolation or schema based isolation? This is where the appropriate resource modeling needs to be applied. The usual systems management vendors out there with heterogeneous common-denominator approach have compromised on these semantics. If you follow Enterprise Manager’s DBaaS solution, you will see that we have considered different models, not precluding virtualization, for different customer use cases. The judgment to use virtual assemblies versus databases on physical RAC versus Schema-as-a-Service in a single database, should be governed by the need of the applications and not by putting compliance considerations in the backburner. 4. Does it satisfy your CIO? Finally, does it satisfy your higher ups? As the sponsor of cloud initiative, the CIO is expected to lead an IT transformation project, not merely a run-of-the-mill IT operations. Simply virtualizing server resources and delivering them through self-service is a good start, but hardly transformational. CIOs may appreciate the instant benefit from server consolidation, but studies have revealed that the ROI from consolidation would flatten out at 20-25%. The question would be: what next? As we go higher up in the stack, the need to virtualize, segregate and optimize shifts to those layers that are more palpable to the business users. As Sushil Kumar noted in his blog post, " the most important thing to note here is the enterprise private cloud is not just an IT project, rather it is a business initiative to create an IT setup that is more aligned with the needs of today's dynamic and highly competitive business environment." Business users could not care less about infrastructure consolidation or virtualization - they care about business agility and service level assurance. Last but not the least, lot of CIOs get miffed if we ask them to throw away their existing hardware investments for implementing DBaaS. In Oracle, we always emphasize on freedom of choosing a platform; hence Enterprise Manager’s DBaaS solution is platform neutral. It can work on any Operating System (that the agent is certified on) Oracle’s hardware as well as 3rd party hardware. As a parting note, I urge you to remember these 4 questions. Remember that your satisfaction as an implementer lies in the satisfaction of others.

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• Maintenance plans love story

  - by Maria Zakourdaev

  There are about 200 QA and DEV SQL Servers out there.  There is a maintenance plan on many of them that performs a backup of all databases and removes the backup history files. First of all, I must admit that I’m no big fan of maintenance plans in particular or the SSIS packages in general.  In this specific case, if I ever need to change anything in the way backup is performed, such as the compression feature or perform some other change, I have to open each plan one by one. This is quite a pain. Therefore, I have decided to replace the maintenance plans with a stored procedure that will perform exactly the same thing.  Having such a procedure will allow me to open multiple server connections and just execute an ALTER PROCEDURE whenever I need to change anything in it. There is nothing like good ole T-SQL. The first challenge was to remove the unneeded maintenance plans. Of course, I didn’t want to do it server by server.  I found the procedure msdb.dbo.sp_maintplan_delete_plan, but it only has a parameter for the maintenance plan id and it has no other parameters, like plan name, which would have been much more useful. Now I needed to find the table that holds all maintenance plans on the server. You would think that it would be msdb.dbo.sysdbmaintplans but, unfortunately, regardless of the number of maintenance plans on the instance, it contains just one row.    After a while I found another table: msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_subplans. It contains the plan id that I was looking for, in the plan_id column and well as the agent’s job id which is executing the plan’s package: That was all I needed and the rest turned out to be quite easy.  Here is a script that can be executed against hundreds of servers from a multi-server query window to drop the specific maintenance plans. DECLARE @PlanID uniqueidentifier   SELECT @PlanID = plan_id FROM msdb.dbo.sysmaintplan_subplans Where name like ‘BackupPlan%’   EXECUTE msdb.dbo.sp_maintplan_delete_plan @plan_id=@PlanID   The second step was to create a procedure that will perform  all of the old maintenance plan tasks: create a folder for each database, backup all databases on the server and clean up the old files. The script is below. Enjoy.   ALTER PROCEDURE BackupAllDatabases                                   @PrintMode BIT = 1 AS BEGIN          DECLARE @BackupLocation VARCHAR(500)        DECLARE @PurgeAferDays INT        DECLARE @PurgingDate VARCHAR(30)        DECLARE @SQLCmd  VARCHAR(MAX)        DECLARE @FileName  VARCHAR(100)               SET @PurgeAferDays = -14        SET @BackupLocation = '\\central_storage_servername\BACKUPS\'+@@servername               SET @PurgingDate = CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), DATEADD (dd,@PurgeAferDays,GETDATE()),126)               SET @FileName = '?_full_'+                      + REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), GETDATE(),126),':','-')                      +'.bak';          SET @SQLCmd = '               IF ''?'' <> ''tempdb'' BEGIN                      EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_create_subdir N'''+@BackupLocation+'\?\'' ;                        BACKUP DATABASE ? TO  DISK = N'''+@BackupLocation+'\?\'+@FileName+'''                      WITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT,  SKIP, REWIND, NOUNLOAD, COMPRESSION,  STATS = 10 ;                        EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_delete_file 0,N'''+@BackupLocation+'\?\'',N''bak'',N'''+@PurgingDate+''',1;               END'          IF @PrintMode = 1 BEGIN               PRINT @SQLCmd        END               EXEC sp_MSforeachdb @SQLCmd        END

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• ?RAC????????????

  - by Allen Gao

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3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" 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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/ UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/ /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:????; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} ????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????Oracle RAC?????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????RAC???????????,????????????????????????????????????,????3???RAC????????????? ????????MOS ??"Top 11 Things to do NOW to Stabilize your RAC Cluster Environment”(DOC ID 1344678.1)???,???,??????3???????????,?????????????????????????????,???,?????????????????,??,??????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????,??????????????????????,???????RAC DBA???? ??????? (PSU)??,?????????PSU? ???????????,???????Oracle???????????(PSU)???PSU?????????????????,??PSU???????????????????PSU????????,???????????????PSU,????????6????????????????????BUG????,??????????,?????????????????????,???9???,???RAC???(Cluster)BUG,??7%??BUG??????,??????????BUG??????????????????????PSU??????RAC???,PSU????????: PSU?????Grid Infrastructure(GI)home,???????????RDBMS home???????,??GI home????PSU,?????home?????,??????????GI????????????,??????,??RDBMS PSU,GI PSU??????????GI home??????PSU,???????RDBMS??PSU? RAC????PSU????rolling????? –?????????GI? RDBMS?????????????????,??PSU???????,???????????????? ???????????PSU,????????????,?????????PSU????,???RAC?????????????PSU???,???????????????????? ??PSU?????, ??????MOS??: NOTE 854428.1   Intro to Patch Set Updates (PSU) NOTE 1082394.1 11.2.0.X Grid Infrastructure PSU Known Issues NOTE 756671.1   Oracle Recommended Patches -- Oracle Database NOTE 161549.1   Oracle Database, Networking and Grid Agent Patches for Microsoft Platforms NOTE 810394.1   RAC and Oracle Clusterware Best Practices and Starter Kit 11gR2???????,?Diagwait???13? ?2012?,??45%????????11gR2???????,????diagwait?13????RAC???????????,????diagwait??????????????,????????????????, diagwait??RAC?????????????: ?????,??????OPROCD?????1??0.5?????,????,??OPROCD??? 1.5????,?????????diagwait????13??OPROCD??????????10?( diagwait - CSS????[???3?]),????????OPROCD???????????????'?'?????????????,1.5??????????????????OPROCD?????????????11?(1?????+10????)? ?????/???????,??diagwait,??????????????????????,??,????????????? ?11g?2?(11.2.0.1?????)??,?????????????,???????,??????????????????,????????????????,?????????????????????diagwait????????,????????????????????,????????Oracle?????(OCR),?????????OCR???????????,?????????diagwai?????????????????: # $CLUSTERWARE_HOME\bin\crsctl get css diagwait ????DIAGWAIT???,??????MOS??: NOTE 567730.1  Changes in Oracle Clusterware on Linux with the 10.2.0.4 Patchset NOTE 559365.1  Using Diagwait as a diagnostic to get more information for diagnosing Oracle Clusterware Node evictions NOTE 810394.1 RAC and Oracle Clusterware Best Practices and Starter Kit ??OS Watcher Black Box(OSWbb) ? Cluster Health Monitor(CHM) ????????OS??????????????,??,??????OS Watcher Black Box(OSWbb)(??OS Watcher)?Cluster Health Monitor(CHM)????????OS???,??DBA????????????????????????????,?????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????OS????????,????????????,???????????????????? OSWbb?????????,??????,????OS??????????????,????OS??????OSWbb???????: ?????,??30??????????OS?????????????(??5??)????????????????????,?1???5????????????????????????30????????,Oracle???????????????OS?????????????,Oracle??????OSWbb?20???????? OSWbb?????????????????Oracle???????????????????OS????,??,?????????????????????????Oracle???????,?????????????,????????????????? ???11.2.0.3??,??????(HP-UX??)?,Oracle GI?????????,Cluster Health Monitor (CHM)?CHM??????,?????OSW????,??,???????OSW????,?????????? Oracle??????????????????OSWbb?/?CHM,?????????,????????????????????,??????????OSWbb,???????????RAC??,??????????????????(???NOTE 580513.1“How To Start OS Watcher Black Box Every System Boot”??????)? ??OSWbb?CHM?????, ??????MOS??: NOTE 301137.1   OS Watcher Black Box User Guide NOTE 1328466.1 Cluster Health Monitor (CHM) FAQ NOTE 810394.1   RAC and Oracle Clusterware Best Practices and Starter Kit ?? ?????????RAC/ Oracle?????????????3???????????3?,?????RAC??????,?????????????????,?????MOS??: NOTE 1344678.1 Top 11 Things to do NOW to Stabilize your RAC Cluster Environment ????,???MOS-RAC/Scalability community??,?Oracle???????????,????RAC/ Oracle?????

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• postfix relaying all mail through office365 problems

  - by amrith

  This is a rather long question with a long list of things tried and travails so please bear with me. The summary is this. I am able to relay email from ubuntu through office365 using postfix; the configuration works. It only works as one of the users; more specifically the user who authenticates against office365 is the only valid "from" More details follow. I have a machine in Amazon's cloud on which I run a bunch of jobs and would like to have statuses mailed over to me. I use office365 at work so I want to relay mail through office365. I'm most familiar with postfix so I used that as the MTA. Configuration is ubuntu 12.04LTS; I've installed postfix and mail-utils. For this example, let me say my company is "company.com" and the machine in question (through an elastic IP and a DNS entry) is called "plaything.company.com". hostname is set to "plaything.company.com", so is /etc/mailname On plaything, I have the following users registered alpha, bravo, and charlie. I have the following configuration files. alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no config_directory = /etc/postfix inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = plaything.company.com, localhost.company.com, , localhost myhostname = plaything.company.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = [smtp.office365.com]:587 sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_tls_security_options = noanonymous smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes As the machine is called plaything.company.com I went through the exercise of registering all the appropriate DNS entries to make office365 recognize that I owned plaything.company.com and allowed me to create a user called [email protected] in office365. In office365, I setup [email protected] as having another email address of [email protected]. Then, I made the following sender_canonical [email protected] [email protected] I created a sasl_passwd file that reads: smtp.office365.com [email protected]:123456password123456 let's just say that the password for [email protected] is 1234...456 With all this setup, login as alpha and mail [email protected] Cc: Subject: test test and the whole thing works wonderfully. email gets sent off by postfix, TLS works like a champ, authenticates as daemon@... and [email protected] in Office365 gets an email message. The issue comes up when logged in as bravo to the machine. sender is [email protected] and office365 says: status=bounced (host smtp.office365.com[132.245.12.25] said: 550 5.7.1 Client does not have permissions to send as this sender (in reply to end of DATA command)) this is because I'm trying to send mail as bravo@... and authenticating with office365 as daemon@.... The reason it works with alpha@... is because in office365, I setup [email protected] as having another email address of [email protected]. In Postfix Relay to Office365, Miles Erickson answers the question thusly: Don't send mail to Office365 as a user from your Office365-hosted e-mail domain. Use a subdomain instead, e.g. [email protected] instead of [email protected]. It wouldn't hurt to set up an SPF record for services.mydomain.com or whatever you decide to use. Don't authenticate against mail.messaging.microsoft.com as an Office365 user. Just connect on port 25 and deliver the mail to your domain as any foreign SMTP agent would do. OK, I've done #1, I have those records on DNS but for the most part they are not relevant once Office365 recognizes that I own the domain. Here are those records: CNAME records: - msoid.plaything.company.com - autodiscover.plaything.company.com MX record: - plaything.company.com (plaything-company-com.mail.protection.outlook.com) TXT record: - plaything.company.com (v=spf1 include:spf.protection.outlook.com -all) I've tried #2 but no matter what I do, office365 just blows away the connection with "not authenticated". I can try even a simple telnet to port 25 and attempt to send and it doesn't work. 250 BY2PR01CA007.outlook.office365.com Hello [54.221.245.236] 530 5.7.1 Client was not authenticated Connection closed by foreign host. Is there someone out there who has this kind of a configuration working where multiple users on a linux machine are able to relay mail using postfix through office365? There has to be someone out there doing this who can tell me what is wrong with my setup ...

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• postfix 5.7.1 Relay access denied when sending mail with cron

  - by zensys

  Reluctant to ask because there is so much here about 'postfix relay access denied' but I cannot find my case: I use php (Zend Framework) to send emails outside my network using the Google mail server because I could not send mail outside my server (user: web). However when I sent out an email via cron (user: root, I believe), still using ZF, using the same mail config/credentials, I get the message: '5.7.1 Relay access denied' I guess I need to know one of two things: 1. How can I use the google smtp server from cron 2. What do I need to change in my config to send mail using my own server instead of google Though the answer to 2. is the more structural solution I assume, I am quite happy with an answer to 1. as well because I think Google is better at server maintaince (security/spam) than I am. Below my ZF application.ini mail section, main.cf and master.cf: application.ini: resources.mail.transport.type = smtp resources.mail.transport.auth = login resources.mail.transport.host = "smtp.gmail.com" resources.mail.transport.ssl = tls resources.mail.transport.port = 587 resources.mail.transport.username = [email protected] resources.mail.transport.password = xxxxxxx resources.mail.defaultFrom.email = [email protected] resources.mail.defaultFrom.name = "my company" main.cf: # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = mail.second-start.nl mydomain = second-start.nl alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes # see under Spam smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps virtual_transport = dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 # Spam disable_vrfy_command = yes smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access hash:/etc/postfix/helo_access, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, permit smtpd_error_sleep_time = 1s smtpd_soft_error_limit = 10 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 20 master.cf: # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd #smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy #submission inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}

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• PHP Mail() to Gmail = Spam

  - by grantw

  Recently Gmail has started marking emails sent directly from my server (using php mail()) as spam and I'm having problems trying to find the issue. If I send an exact copy of the same email from my email client it goes to the Gmail inbox. The emails are plain text, around 7 lines long and contain a URL link in plain text. As the emails sent from my client are getting through fine I'm thinking that the content isn't the issue. It would be greatly appreciated if someone could take a look at the the following headers and give me some advice why the email from the server is being marked as spam. Email from Server: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.49.98.228 with SMTP id el4csp101784qeb; Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:58:52 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.60.27.166 with SMTP id u6mr2296595oeg.86.1353020331940; Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:58:51 -0800 (PST) Return-Path: [email protected] Received: from dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk (dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk. [174.120.246.138]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id df4si17005013obc.50.2012.11.15.14.58.51 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:58:51 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 174.120.246.138 as permitted sender) client-ip=174.120.246.138; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 174.120.246.138 as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected] DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=domainbrokerage.co.uk; s=default; h=Date:Message-Id:Content-Type:Reply-to:From:Subject:To; bh=2RJ9jsEaGcdcgJ1HMJgQG8QNvWevySWXIFRDqdY7EAM=; b=mGebBVOkyUhv94ONL3EabXeTgVznsT1VAwPdVvpOGDdjBtN1FabnuFi8sWbf5KEg5BUJ/h8fQ+9/2nrj+jbtoVLvKXI6L53HOXPjl7atCX9e41GkrOTAPw5ZFp+1lDbZ; Received: from grantw by dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk with local (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from [email protected]) id 1TZ8OZ-0008qC-Gy for [email protected]; Thu, 15 Nov 2012 22:58:51 +0000 To: [email protected] Subject: Offer Accepted X-PHP-Script: www.domainbrokerage.co.uk/admin.php for 95.172.231.27 From: My Name [email protected] Reply-to: [email protected] Content-Type: text/plain; charset=Windows-1251 Message-Id: [email protected] Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 22:58:51 +0000 X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - gmail.com X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [500 500] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - domainbrokerage.co.uk X-Get-Message-Sender-Via: dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk: authenticated_id: grantw/from_h Email from client: Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.49.98.228 with SMTP id el4csp101495qeb; Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:54:49 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.182.197.8 with SMTP id iq8mr2351185obc.66.1353020089244; Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:54:49 -0800 (PST) Return-Path: [email protected] Received: from dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk (dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk. [174.120.246.138]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id ab5si17000486obc.44.2012.11.15.14.54.48 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:54:49 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 174.120.246.138 as permitted sender) client-ip=174.120.246.138; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 174.120.246.138 as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected] DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=domainbrokerage.co.uk; s=default; h=Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-Type:Subject:To:MIME-Version:From:Date:Message-ID; bh=bKNjm+yTFZQ7HUjO3lKPp9HosUBfFxv9+oqV+NuIkdU=; b=j0T2XNBuENSFG85QWeRdJ2MUgW2BvGROBNL3zvjwOLoFeyHRU3B4M+lt6m1X+OLHfJJqcoR0+GS9p/TWn4jylKCF13xozAOc6ewZ3/4Xj/YUDXuHkzmCMiNxVcGETD7l; Received: from w-27.cust-7941.ip.static.uno.uk.net ([95.172.231.27]:1450 helo=[127.0.0.1]) by dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk with esmtpa (Exim 4.80) (envelope-from [email protected]) id 1TZ8Ke-0001XH-7p for [email protected]; Thu, 15 Nov 2012 22:54:48 +0000 Message-ID: [email protected] Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 22:54:50 +0000 From: My Name [email protected] User-Agent: Postbox 3.0.6 (Windows/20121031) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: [email protected] Subject: Offer Accepted Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - gmail.com X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [47 12] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - domainbrokerage.co.uk X-Get-Message-Sender-Via: dom.domainbrokerage.co.uk: authenticated_id: [email protected]

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• Getting HAPROXY to redirect http to https in users browser session

  - by Jon

  We are currently using a Internet cloud provider to host our SaaS platform. The platform consists of a Firewall - Cloud Provider SLB - - Apache Web Server - HAPROXY SLB - Liferay Platform We have had to use HAPROXY because of an issue with the cloud providers SLB that meant we were unable to use it for load balancing the Liferay platform applications. I have implemented HAPROXY in our secure tier and that seems to do the trick of load balancing the requests quite adequately. However during testing we encountered a functional issue whereby selecting a sub-menu from the web portal resulted in the application hanging, using an http analyser we saw that the request being passed back to the users browser was in http, from discussing this with the software vendor it transpires that the Liferay application has some hard-coded http links, and that other customers have worked around this by using physical NLB's such as F5 and redirecting the http traffic to https. The entry in the HAPROXY logs reads: haproxy[2717]: haproxy[2717]: <Apache Web Agent>:37957 [11/Apr/2013:08:07:00.128] http-uapi uapi/<ServerName> 0/0/0/9/10 200 4912 - - ---- 4/2/1/2/0 0/0 "GET /servicedesk/controller?docommand=renderradform&!key=esd_sfb001_frm_feedback_forms_list&isportalintegratedmode=true&USR=joe.bloggs%40gmail.com&_dc=1365667773097&redirecturl=controller%3Fdocommand%3Drenderbody%26%21key%3DESD_SFB001_FRM_FEEDBACK_FORMS_LIST%26isportalintegratedmode%3Dtrue&sso_token=ALiYv2UqzLsAhSw1ZchRDlCHlq44Bhj9&ONERROR=%2Fweb%2Fjsp%2Fapps%2Fportal-integration-error.jsp&itype=login&slicetoken=NW51O%242aRo%2C_Zz%2476P_9DTtnFmz6%28bhk&AUTOFORWARDURL=controller%3Fdocommand%3Drenderbody%26%21key%3DESD_SFB001_FRM_FEEDBACK_FORMS_LIST%26isportalintegratedmode%3Dtrue&LOGINPAGE=https%3A%2F%2F<FQDN of Web Portal>%2Fweb%2F4732cf01-82c3-4bc5-b6c9-552253e672cf%2Fworkflow-tools&appid=1&!uid=1&!redownloadToken=7.0.3.1.1363611301.0&userlocale=en_US&!datechanged=2012-05-18%2015:05:31.38 HTTP/1.1" :37957 [11/Apr/2013:08:07:00.128] http-uapi uapi/<ServerName> 0/0/0/9/10 200 4912 - - ---- 4/2/1/2/0 0/0 "GET /servicedesk/controller?docommand=renderradform&!key=esd_sfb001_frm_feedback_forms_list&isportalintegratedmode=true&USR=joe.bloggs%40gmail.com&_dc=1365667773097&redirecturl=controller%3Fdocommand%3Drenderbody%26%21key%3DESD_SFB001_FRM_FEEDBACK_FORMS_LIST%26isportalintegratedmode%3Dtrue&sso_token=ALiYv2UqzLsAhSw1ZchRDlCHlq44Bhj9&ONERROR=%2Fweb%2Fjsp%2Fapps%2Fportal-integration-error.jsp&itype=login&slicetoken=NW51O%242aRo%2C_Zz%2476P_9DTtnFmz6%28bhk&AUTOFORWARDURL=controller%3Fdocommand%3Drenderbody%26%21key%3DESD_SFB001_FRM_FEEDBACK_FORMS_LIST%26isportalintegratedmode%3Dtrue&LOGINPAGE=https%3A%2F%2F<FQDN of Web Portal>%2Fweb%2F4732cf01-82c3-4bc5-b6c9-552253e672cf%2Fworkflow-tools&appid=1&!uid=1&!redownloadToken=7.0.3.1.1363611301.0&userlocale=en_US&!datechanged=2012-05-18%2015:05:31.38 HTTP/1.1" The corresponding HTTP browser entry shows: http://<FQDN of ServiceDesk>/servicedesk/controller?docommand=renderradform&!key=esd_org019_frm_contact_list&isportalintegratedmode=true&USR=joe.bloggs%40gmail.com&_dc=1365665987887&redirecturl=controller%3Fdocommand%3Drenderbody%26%21key%3DESD_ORG019_FRM_CONTACT_LIST%26isportalintegratedmode%3Dtrue&sso_token=3NxsXYORMPp32SwL8ftVUCMH2QdWLH82&ONERROR=%2Fweb%2Fjsp%2Fapps%2Fportal-integration-error.jsp&itype=login&slicetoken=NW51O%242aRo%2C_Zz%2476P_9DTtnFmz6%28bhk&AUTOFORWARDURL=controller%3Fdocommand%3Drenderbody%26%21key%3DESD_ORG019_FRM_CONTACT_LIST%26isportalintegratedmode%3Dtrue&LOGINPAGE=https%3A%2F%2F<FQDN of Web Portal>>%2Fweb%2F4732cf01-82c3-4bc5-b6c9-552253e672cf%2Fapplication-setup&appid=1&!uid=1&!redownloadToken=7.0.3.1.1363611301.0&userlocale=en_US&!datechanged=2012-10-26%2019:00:25.08 From reading through the forums and other sites it looks like we should be use to use HAPROXY to redirect the traffic to https, but try as I might I cant get it to work. This is our HAPROXY configuration: global log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 frontend http-openfire bind *:7070 default_backend openfire backend openfire balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:7070 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:7070 check frontend http-uapi bind *:7080 default_backend uapi backend uapi balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:7080 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:7080 check frontend http-sec bind *:8080 default_backend sec backend sec balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:8080 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:8080 check frontend http-wall bind *:9080 default_backend wall backend wall balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:9080 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:9080 check frontend http-xmpp bind *:9090 default_backend xmpp backend xmpp balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:9090 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:9090 check frontend http-aim bind *:10080 default_backend aim backend aim balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:10080 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:10080 check frontend http-servicedesk bind *:8081 default_backend servicedesk backend servicedesk balance roundrobin server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:8081 check server <serverName> <IPv4 Address>:8081 check listen stats :1936 mode http stats enable stats hide-version stats realm Haproxy\ Statistics stats uri / stats auth haproxy:<Password> I have tried following the articles listed posted on http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13227544/haproxy-redirecting-http-to-https-ssl and http://parsnips.net/haproxy-http-to-https-redirect/ but that hasn't made any difference. Am I on the right track with this or are we trying to achieve the impossible?, I'm hoping I'm just being an idiot and one of you good people can point me in the right direction.

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• Varnish 3.0.2 to Apache2 sometimes return error 503

  - by Ronnie Jespersen

  Hey guys I hope you can help me out here. I have an Ngingx parsing http and https to a varnish cache(3.0.2). From the varnish it is sent to apache2. Now I have for some time been tracking some strange 503 errors. But I cant seem to find the silver bullet. Currently I am logging the 503 errors through varnish this way: sudo varnishlog -c -m TxStatus:503 >> /home/rj/varnishlog503.log and then referring to the apache access log to see if any 503 requests have been handled. Today I had a health check from the firewall that failed: 20 SessionOpen c 127.0.0.1 34319 :8081 20 ReqStart c 127.0.0.1 34319 607335635 20 RxRequest c HEAD 20 RxURL c /health-check 20 RxProtocol c HTTP/1.0 20 RxHeader c X-Real-IP: 192.168.3.254 20 RxHeader c Host: 192.168.3.189 20 RxHeader c X-Forwarded-For: 192.168.3.254 20 RxHeader c Connection: close 20 RxHeader c User-Agent: Astaro Service Monitor 0.9 20 RxHeader c Accept: */* 20 VCL_call c recv lookup 20 VCL_call c hash 20 Hash c /health-check 20 VCL_return c hash 20 VCL_call c miss fetch 20 Backend c 33 aurum aurum 20 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 20 VCL_call c error deliver 20 VCL_call c deliver deliver 20 TxProtocol c HTTP/1.1 20 TxStatus c 503 20 TxResponse c Service Unavailable 20 TxHeader c Server: Varnish 20 TxHeader c Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 20 TxHeader c Retry-After: 5 20 TxHeader c Content-Length: 879 20 TxHeader c Accept-Ranges: bytes 20 TxHeader c Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2012 12:35:12 GMT 20 TxHeader c X-Varnish: 607335635 20 TxHeader c Age: 60 20 TxHeader c Via: 1.1 varnish 20 TxHeader c Connection: close 20 Length c 879 20 ReqEnd c 607335635 1338986052.649786949 1338986112.648169994 0.000160217 59.997980356 0.000402689 Now the backend server (apache) does not have any 503 error in the access log at this point. So I am confused. Is this varnish throwing a 503 because it thinks apache is to slow? There is a lot traffic coming through at this point so I know the server is up and running. I do have other 503 error codes with posts and gets so there is really no pattern. It seems to be at random times and random requests. Even in the morning when the server dosen't seem to be doing anything. I do see another pattern in the log: 4 VCL_call c recv pass 4 VCL_call c hash 4 Hash c /?id=412 4 VCL_return c hash 4 VCL_call c pass pass 4 FetchError c no backend connection 4 VCL_call c error deliver 4 VCL_call c deliver deliver Here fetcherror says "no backend connection". A summery of the FetchErrors in todays log: 16 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 5 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 4 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 19 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 5 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 23 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 24 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 16 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 6 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 4 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 5 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 4 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 4 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 22 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 6 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 21 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 26 FetchError c no backend connection 4 FetchError c no backend connection 20 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) 39 FetchError c http first read error: -1 11 (No error recorded) I haven't changed the default timeout values for varnish. This is my configuration for one of the backend servers. backend xenon { .host = "192.168.3.187"; .port = "80"; .probe = { .url = "/health-check/"; .interval = 3s; .window = 5; .threshold = 2; } } I'm running prefork module on apache2 with this configuration <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 1 MinSpareServers 2 MaxSpareServers 5 MaxClients 200 MaxRequestsPerChild 75 </IfModule> and only PHP files is sent to the server. Every other static file is handled by Nginx. Any ideas? ------- EDIT -------------- Some more debuging information I have run a varnishadm debug.health Backend radon is Healthy Current states good: 5 threshold: 2 window: 5 Average responsetime of good probes: 0.002560 Oldest Newest ================================================================ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Good IPv4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Good Xmit RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Good Recv HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Happy Backend xenon is Healthy Current states good: 5 threshold: 2 window: 5 Average responsetime of good probes: 0.002760 Oldest Newest ================================================================ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Good IPv4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Good Xmit RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Good Recv HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Happy Backend iridium is Healthy Current states good: 5 threshold: 2 window: 5 Average responsetime of good probes: 0.000849 Oldest Newest ================================================================ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Good IPv4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Good Xmit RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Good Recv HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Happy Backend aurum is Healthy Current states good: 5 threshold: 2 window: 5 Average responsetime of good probes: 0.002100 Oldest Newest ================================================================ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 Good IPv4 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Good Xmit RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR Good Recv HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Happy And I have been monitoring varnishstat from the two load balancers 3224774 3.99 2.61 backend_conn - Backend conn. success 27 0.00 0.00 backend_unhealthy - Backend conn. not attempted 63 0.00 0.00 backend_fail - Backend conn. failures 358798 0.00 0.29 backend_reuse - Backend conn. reuses 21035 0.00 0.02 backend_toolate - Backend conn. was closed 379834 0.00 0.31 backend_recycle - Backend conn. recycles 26 0.00 0.00 backend_retry - Backend conn. retry 3217751 5.99 2.61 backend_conn - Backend conn. success 32 0.00 0.00 backend_fail - Backend conn. failures 364185 0.00 0.30 backend_reuse - Backend conn. reuses 27077 0.00 0.02 backend_toolate - Backend conn. was closed 391263 0.00 0.32 backend_recycle - Backend conn. recycles 36 0.00 0.00 backend_retry - Backend conn. retry Notice that none of them have reported backend_fail. /Ronnie

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• Gratuitous CRLF in Subject: line - why is it there, and is it legal?

  - by MadHatter

  I'm running into a problem with a NAGIOS system sending emails to a popular email-to-SMS service. The email-to-SMS service takes emails with text in the Subject: line, and sends them on to the mobile number encoded in the To: field. So far so good. Sadly, sendmail (and postfix before it) seem to be inserting a gratuitous CRLF into the (necessarily long) Subject: line, and that's causing my SMS messages to be truncated at the CRLF if and only if the Subject: line contains one or more colons past the gratuitous CRLF. I am confident that the messages are being created correctly, but just to be sure, here's me creating a completely noddy test message to myself, with a long Subject: line: echo "foo" | mail -s "1234567 101234567 201234567 301234567 401234567 501234567 601234567 701234567 801234567 90123456789" [email protected] Note there's no extra colon in this Subject: line; all I'm doing here is showing that an extra CRLF is inserted on the wire. Here's the result of sudo ngrep -x port 25: 44 61 74 65 3a 20 46 72    69 2c 20 33 31 20 4d 61    Date: Fri, 31 Ma 79 20 32 30 31 33 20 31    30 3a 34 33 3a 35 35 20    y 2013 10:43:55 2b 30 31 30 30 0d 0a 54    6f 3a 20 72 65 61 70 65    +0100..To: reape 72 40 74 65 61 70 61 72    74 79 2e 6e 65 74 0d 0a    [email protected].. 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 3a    20 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    Subject: 1234567 20 31 30 31 32 33 34 35    36 37 20 32 30 31 32 33     101234567 20123 34 35 36 37 20 33 30 31    32 33 34 35 36 37 20 34    4567 301234567 4 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    20 35 30 31 32 33 34 35    01234567 5012345 36 37 0d 0a 20 36 30 31    32 33 34 35 36 37 20 37    67.. 601234567 7 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37    20 38 30 31 32 33 34 35    01234567 8012345 36 37 20 39 30 31 32 33    34 35 36 37 38 39 0d 0a    67 90123456789.. 55 73 65 72 2d 41 67 65    6e 74 3a 20 48 65 69 72    User-Agent: Heir 6c 6f 6f 6d 20 6d 61 69    6c 78 20 31 32 2e 34 20    loom mailx 12.4 37 2f 32 39 2f 30 38 0d    0a 4d 49 4d 45 2d 56 65    7/29/08..MIME-Ve 72 73 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31    2e 30 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 74    rsion: 1.0..Cont 65 6e 74 2d 54 79 70 65    3a 20 74 65 78 74 2f 70    ent-Type: text/p 6c 61 69 6e 3b 20 63 68    61 72 73 65 74 3d 75 73    lain; charset=us About half way down (marked in bold+italic), between the 501234567 and the 601234567 in the original Subject: header, you can see a CRLF being inserted (0x0d 0x0a, on the left-hand side hex dump, .. on the right-hand side plain text). The receiving MTA seems happy to post-process this, and when I look at the on-disc stored mail at the receiving end, I see only a LF (0x0a) in the Subject: line, and the line is parsed correctly and in its entirety by, eg, alpine. Nevertheless, the CRLF is there on the wire, and between me and the (excellent) email-to-SMS support people, we've established that these are the cause of the problem. So my question is: is it lawful for an MTA to insert a gratuitous CRLF on the wire? If it is, and I can prove it, then it's the email-to-SMS house's problem, because they are being intolerant. If it isn't, or it is but I can't prove it, then it becomes my problem, so an answer with references would be most useful. Edit: I can now come clean that the email-to-SMS service in question is kapow. Once this problem was explained to them, they got it, worked with me to develop and test a fix, and have deployed the fix. My long subject lines with colons in now get relayed correctly into SMSes. I don't normally trumpet individual companies, especially not on SF, but I thought it worthy of note that kapow Did The Right Thing. (Disclaimer: I have no connection with kapow except as a paying customer who's happy about the way they dealt with his problem.)

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• snmptt not translating traps, even with translate_log_trap_oid=1

  - by mbrownnyc

  I am having some trouble configuring snmptt to properly translate snmp traps. The following is a problem: /etc/snmp/snmptt.conf reflects: EVENT fgFmTrapIfChange .1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 "Status Events" Critical FORMAT $* EXEC /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/submit_check_result $r "snmp_traps" 2 "$O: $+*" "$*" SDESC Trap is sent to the managing FortiManager if an interface IP is changed Variables: 1: fnSysSerial 2: ifName 3: fgManIfIp 4: fgManIfMask EDESC when a trap is received, /var/log/messages reflects: Sep 6 12:07:32 SNMPMANAGERHOST snmptrapd[15385]: 2012-09-06 12:07:32 <UNKNOWN> [UDP: [192.168.100.2]:162->[192.168.100.31]]: #012.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (707253943) 81 days, 20:35:39.43 #011.1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.4.1.0 = OID: .1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.100.1.1.1.0 = STRING: FGTNNNNNNNNN #011.1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1.10 = STRING: internal4 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.2.1.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.65.100 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.2.2.0 = IpAddress: 255.255.255.0 Sep 6 12:07:37 SNMPMANAGERHOST icinga: EXTERNAL COMMAND: PROCESS_SERVICE_CHECK_RESULT; 192.168.100.2; snmp_traps; 2; enterprises.12356.101.6.0.1004: enterprises.12356.100.1.1.1.0:FGTNNNNNNNNN ifName.10:internal4 enterprises.12356.101.6.2.1.0:192.168.65.100 enterprises.12356.101.6.2.2.0:255.255.255.0 Since the icinga entry reflects the EXEC, it's obvious there is no translations occurring by snmptt. I have verified that translate_log_trap_oid and net_snmp_perl_enable is enabled in snmptt.ini When using --debug=1 to start snmptt, I see the following in the --debugfile: ********** Net-SNMP version 5.05 Perl module enabled ********** The main NET-SNMP version is reported as NET-SNMP version: 5.5. What else can be done to verify that snmptt is configured properly to translate traps? I have run snmptt-net-snmp-test to verify whatever net-snmp-perl version I have installed properly supports translations. The output indicates it does. /root/snmptt_1.3/snmptt-net-snmp-test --best_guess=2 SNMPTT Net-SNMP Test v1.0 (c) 2003 Alex Burger http://snmptt.sourceforge.net MIBS:RFC1213-MIB best_guess: 2 Testing translateObj ******************** Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=disabled, include_module=enabled Test passed. Result: RFC1213-MIB::sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=enabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=enabled, include_module=enabled Test passed. Result: RFC1213-MIB::.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr Testing: sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: RFC1213-MIB::sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: RFC1213-MIB::system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing getType *************** Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.1 Test passed. Result: INTEGER Testing: ipForwarding Test passed. Result: INTEGER Testing Description ******************* Test passed. Result: ------------------------------------------------- The indication of whether this entity is acting as an IP gateway in respect to the forwarding of datagrams received by, but not addressed to, this entity. IP gateways forward datagrams. IP hosts do not (except those source-routed via the host). Note that for some managed nodes, this object may take on only a subset of the values possible. Accordingly, it is appropriate for an agent to return a `badValue' response if a management station attempts to change this object to an inappropriate value. ------------------------------------------------- I have manually gone through the MIB with the definition that's not resolving, and verified that it is properly linking back to the proper resolved definition. It is: FORTINET-FORTIGATE-MIB.txt contains: fgFmTrapIfChange NOTIFICATION-TYPE OBJECTS { fnSysSerial, ifName, fgManIfIp, fgManIfMask } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Trap is sent to the managing FortiManager if an interface IP is changed" ::= { fgFmTrapPrefix 1004 } fgFmTrapPrefix OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { fgMgmt 0 } fgMgmt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { fnFortiGateMib 6 } fnFortiGateMib ::= { fortinet 101 } IMPORTS FnBoolState, FnIndex, fnAdminEntry, fnSysSerial, fortinet FROM FORTINET-CORE-MIB fortinet MODULE-IDENTITY ::= { enterprises 12356 } LOOKS GOOD!!!!! 1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 I've exhausted all the documentation and even posted fruitlessly in the snmptt-users mailing list. I can not prove it is the MIB. Why would snmptt fail to translate traps? Thanks, Matt

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• How does this main domain have a CNAME record?

  - by TRiG

  I was under the impression that only subdomains could have CNAME records: main domains need to define all their own records. However, apt-get.com seems to have only a CNAME record. How can this work? $ dig apt-get.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45743 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 9, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: apt-get.com. 86336 IN CNAME thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.242 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.246 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.166 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.232 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.161 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.210.233 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.186 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.188 ;; Query time: 59 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:05:48 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 193 $ dig apt-get.com ns ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 43831 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN NS ;; Query time: 26 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:12:37 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 29 $ dig apt-get.com ns @b.gtld-servers.net ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ns @b.gtld-servers.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 38228 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN NS ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: apt-get.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.domainrecover.com. apt-get.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.domainrecover.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.domainrecover.com. 172800 IN A 66.45.232.66 ns2.domainrecover.com. 172800 IN A 65.23.159.179 ;; Query time: 70 msec ;; SERVER: 192.33.14.30#53(192.33.14.30) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:07:05 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 111 The domain does resolve. I get the following headers: GET / HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Testing_Sniffer/4.15 Host: apt-get.com Accept: */* HTTP/1.0 200 (OK) Cache-Control: private, no-cache, must-revalidate Connection: Keep-Alive Pragma: no-cache Server: Oversee Turing v1.0.0 Content-Length: 1347 Content-Type: text/html Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT Keep-Alive: timeout=3, max=96 P3P: policyref="http://www.dsparking.com/w3c/p3p.xml", CP="NOI DSP COR ADMa OUR NOR STA" Set-Cookie: parkinglot=1; domain=.apt-get.com; path=/; expires=Wed, 11-Jun-2014 14:10:37 GMT <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd"> <!-- turing_cluster_prod --> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>apt-get.com</title> <meta name="keywords" content="apt-get.com" /> <meta name="description" content="apt-get.com" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <meta name="revisit-after" content="10" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="text/javascript"> document.cookie = "jsc=1"; </script> </head> <frameset rows="100%,*" frameborder="no" border="0" framespacing="0"> <frame src="http://apt-get.com?epl=5PfLSSqWrYDAt-gbwMDK_rA3b1UJCYVTJHfxTzr9FTDQV84b6vAgVhU3FTeCRQNiuRNv79Ni0V3mkEVNRhpqo2gpMjp5iOIR1w2_EISPENaqzoXohVXl2QI3ryXlRCB4FaIIaxynnWXWY6QBgBgNiIZ6agD1NBoNGg0ajXpUCXUAIJDer78AAOB_AwAAQIDbCwAAe_NWlVlTJllBMTZoWkKPAAAA8A" name="apt-get.com"> </frameset> <noframes> <body><a href="http://apt-get.com?epl=5PfLSSqWrYDAt-gbwMDK_rA3b1UJCYVTJHfxTzr9FTDQV84b6vAgVhU3FTeCRQNiuRNv79Ni0V3mkEVNRhpqo2gpMjp5iOIR1w2_EISPENaqzoXohVXl2QI3ryXlRCB4FaIIaxynnWXWY6QBgBgNiIZ6agD1NBoNGg0ajXpUCXUAIJDer78AAOB_AwAAQIDbCwAAe_NWlVlTJllBMTZoWkKPAAAA8A">Click here to go to apt-get.com</a>.</body> </noframes> </html>

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• CentOS - Configuring Puppet to play nice with SELinux

  - by Mike Purcell

  I am running into an issue every time I attempt to start the puppetmasterd service, for which I receive the following error message: root@service1 ~ # -> /etc/init.d/puppetmaster start Starting puppetmaster: Could not prepare for execution: Got 1 failure(s) while initializing: change from absent to directory failed: Could not set 'directory on ensure: Permission denied - /etc/puppet/ssl [FAILED] Apparently there was a known issue with this scenario as outlined in this bug report, however in the bug report it states the issue has been resolved in selinux-policy-3.9.16-29.fc15, but the latest CentOS default upstream version is 3.7.19-155.el6_3.4. So I am trying to figure out the best solution. I can either create a local security policy to allow puppetmasterd the access it needs, or keep researching and install a newer version of selinux-policy outside of the default upstream channel. Anyone have any recommendations? Please don't recommend disabling SELinux... ----- Update ----- Here is the puppet.conf: [main] # The Puppet log directory. # The default value is '$vardir/log'. logdir = /var/log/puppet # Where Puppet PID files are kept. # The default value is '$vardir/run'. rundir = /var/run/puppet # Where SSL certificates are kept. # The default value is '$confdir/ssl'. ssldir = $vardir/ssl [master] certname=puppetmaster.ownij.lan dns_alt_names=puppetmaster.ownij.lan [agent] # The file in which puppetd stores a list of the classes # associated with the retrieved configuratiion. Can be loaded in # the separate ``puppet`` executable using the ``--loadclasses`` # option. # The default value is '$confdir/classes.txt'. classfile = $vardir/classes.txt # Where puppetd caches the local configuration. An # extension indicating the cache format is added automatically. # The default value is '$confdir/localconfig'. localconfig = $vardir/localconfig server=puppetmaster.ownij.lan And here are the denials per the audit log: type=AVC msg=audit(1349751364.985:666): avc: denied { search } for pid=15093 comm="puppetmasterd" name="/" dev=dm-2 ino=2 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0 tclass=dir type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1349751364.985:666): arch=c000003e syscall=4 success=no exit=-13 a0=1391420 a1=7fffef09ed10 a2=7fffef09ed10 a3=120c500 items=0 ppid=15092 pid=15093 auid=500 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts1 ses=13 comm="puppetmasterd" exe="/usr/bin/ruby" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 key=(null) type=AVC msg=audit(1349751365.302:667): avc: denied { search } for pid=15093 comm="puppetmasterd" name="/" dev=dm-2 ino=2 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0 tclass=dir type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1349751365.302:667): arch=c000003e syscall=4 success=no exit=-13 a0=1d18530 a1=7fffef0d04d0 a2=7fffef0d04d0 a3=8 items=0 ppid=15092 pid=15093 auid=500 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts1 ses=13 comm="puppetmasterd" exe="/usr/bin/ruby" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 key=(null) type=AVC msg=audit(1349751365.465:668): avc: denied { search } for pid=15093 comm="puppetmasterd" name="/" dev=dm-2 ino=2 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0 tclass=dir type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1349751365.465:668): arch=c000003e syscall=4 success=no exit=-13 a0=1af3930 a1=7fffef0c5c70 a2=7fffef0c5c70 a3=8 items=0 ppid=15092 pid=15093 auid=500 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts1 ses=13 comm="puppetmasterd" exe="/usr/bin/ruby" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 key=(null) type=AVC msg=audit(1349751365.467:669): avc: denied { search } for pid=15093 comm="puppetmasterd" name="/" dev=dm-2 ino=2 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0 tclass=dir type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1349751365.467:669): arch=c000003e syscall=4 success=no exit=-13 a0=1b17aa0 a1=7fffef0c5c70 a2=7fffef0c5c70 a3=8 items=0 ppid=15092 pid=15093 auid=500 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts1 ses=13 comm="puppetmasterd" exe="/usr/bin/ruby" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 key=(null) type=AVC msg=audit(1349751366.401:670): avc: denied { write } for pid=15093 comm="puppetmasterd" name="puppet" dev=dm-0 ino=132035 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 tcontext=system_u:object_r:puppet_etc_t:s0 tclass=dir type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1349751366.401:670): arch=c000003e syscall=83 success=no exit=-13 a0=2d7a400 a1=1f9 a2=2d7a40f a3=7fffef0a6df0 items=0 ppid=15092 pid=15093 auid=500 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts1 ses=13 comm="puppetmasterd" exe="/usr/bin/ruby" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:puppetmaster_t:s0 key=(null) And the audit log if I pass through audit2allow: root@service1 ~ # -> fgrep puppetmasterd /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow -m puppetmasterd module puppetmasterd 1.0; require { type home_root_t; type puppetmaster_t; type puppet_etc_t; type puppet_var_run_t; type httpd_sys_content_t; class lnk_file { relabelfrom relabelto }; class file { relabelfrom read getattr open }; class dir { write read search getattr setattr }; } #============= puppetmaster_t ============== allow puppetmaster_t home_root_t:dir { search getattr }; allow puppetmaster_t httpd_sys_content_t:dir read; allow puppetmaster_t httpd_sys_content_t:file { read getattr open }; #!!!! The source type 'puppetmaster_t' can write to a 'dir' of the following types: # puppet_log_t, puppet_var_lib_t, puppet_var_run_t, puppetmaster_tmp_t allow puppetmaster_t puppet_etc_t:dir { write setattr }; allow puppetmaster_t puppet_etc_t:lnk_file { relabelfrom relabelto }; allow puppetmaster_t puppet_var_run_t:file relabelfrom;

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• curl can't verify cert using capath, but can with cacert option

  - by phylae

  I am trying to use curl to connect to a site using HTTPS. But curl is failing to verify the SSL cert. $ curl --verbose --capath ./certs/ --head https://example.com/ * About to connect() to example.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 1.1.1.1... connected * Connected to example.com (1.1.1.1) port 443 (#0) * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: ./certs/ * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS alert, Server hello (2): * SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed * Closing connection #0 curl: (60) SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details: error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle" of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file using the --cacert option. If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might not match the domain name in the URL). If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use the -k (or --insecure) option. I know about the -k option. But I do actually want to verify the cert. The certs directory has been properly hashed with c_rehash . and it contains: A Verisign intermediate cert Two self-signed certs The above site should be verified with the Verisign intermediate cert. When I use the --cacert option instead (and point directly to the Verisign cert) curl is able to verify the SSL cert. $ curl --verbose --cacert ./certs/verisign-intermediate-ca.crt --head https://example.com/ * About to connect() to example.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 1.1.1.1... connected * Connected to example.com (1.1.1.1) port 443 (#0) * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: ./certs/verisign-intermediate-ca.crt CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using RC4-SHA * Server certificate: * subject: C=US; ST=State; L=City; O=Company; OU=ou1; CN=example.com * start date: 2011-04-17 00:00:00 GMT * expire date: 2012-04-15 23:59:59 GMT * common name: example.com (matched) * issuer: C=US; O=VeriSign, Inc.; OU=VeriSign Trust Network; OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10; CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 * SSL certificate verify ok. > HEAD / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 OpenSSL/0.9.8k zlib/1.2.3.3 libidn/1.15 > Host: example.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found < Cache-Control: must-revalidate,no-cache,no-store Cache-Control: must-revalidate,no-cache,no-store < Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 < Content-Length: 1267 Content-Length: 1267 < Server: Jetty(7.2.2.v20101205) Server: Jetty(7.2.2.v20101205) < * Connection #0 to host example.com left intact * Closing connection #0 * SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1): In addition, if I try hitting one of the sites using a self signed cert and the --capath option, it also works. (Let me know if I should post an example of that.) This implies that curl is finding the cert directory, and it is properly hash. Finally, I am able to verify the SSL cert with openssl, using its -CApath option. $ openssl s_client -CApath ./certs/ -connect example.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=3 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority verify return:1 depth=2 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 verify return:1 depth=1 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 verify return:1 depth=0 /C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Company/OU=ou1/CN=example.com verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Company/OU=ou1/CN=example.com i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <cert removed> -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Company/OU=ou1/CN=example.com issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)10/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3 --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1563 bytes and written 435 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is RC4-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : RC4-SHA Session-ID: D65C4C6D52E183BF1E7543DA6D6A74EDD7D6E98EB7BD4D48450885188B127717 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 253D4A3477FDED5FD1353D16C1F65CFCBFD78276B6DA1A078F19A51E9F79F7DAB4C7C98E5B8F308FC89C777519C887E2 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1303258052 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- QUIT DONE How can I get curl to verify this cert using the --capath option?

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• Curl, twitter oauth problem

  - by Darxval

  Does anyone see a problem with the following Curl call / how the Oauth request is built? (i am trying to get a correctly setup request so i can finish my app) So i am calling the following CURL call: C:\>curl -v -k --data-urlencode "status=Testing2" -H "Authorization: OAuth realm='', oauth_nonce=1276107867blah, oauth_timestamp=1276107867, oauth_consumer_key=yJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q, oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1, oauth_version=1.0, oauth_signature=NWU4MDdlNjk0OGIxYWQ1YTkyNmU5YjU1NGYyOTczMmU5ZDg5 YWNkNA==, staus=Testing2 " http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml?status=Testing2 and i recieve this: * About to connect() to twitter.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 168.143.162.68... connected * Connected to twitter.com (168.143.162.68) port 80 (#0) > POST /statuses/update.xml?status=Testing2 HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.20.1 (i386-pc-win32) libcurl/7.20.1 OpenSSL/0.9.8n zlib/1.2.5 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.2.5 > Host: twitter.com > Accept: */* > Authorization: OAuth realm='', oauth_nonce=1276106370blah, oauth_timestamp=1276106370, oauth_consumer_key=yJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q, oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1, oauth_version=1.0, oauth_signature=MjQzNDA1MGU4NGRmMWVjMzUwZmQ4YzE5NzMzY2I1ZDJlOTRkNmQ2Zg==, staus=Testing2 > Content-Length: 15 > Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded > < HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized < Date: Wed, 09 Jun 2010 18:00:22 GMT < Server: hi < Status: 401 Unauthorized < WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Twitter API" < X-Runtime: 0.00548 < Content-Type: application/xml; charset=utf-8 < Content-Length: 164 < Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=1800 < Set-Cookie: k=209.234.229.21.1276106420885412; path=/; expires=Wed, 16-Jun-10 18:00:20 GMT; domain=.twitter.com < Set-Cookie: guest_id=127610642214871948; path=/; expires=Fri, 09 Jul 2010 18:00:22 GMT < Set-Cookie: _twitter_sess=BAh7CDoPY3JlYXRlZF9hdGwrCIm33h0pAToHaWQiJTkyMjllODE0NTdiYWE1%250AMWU1MzBmNjgwMTFiMDhkYjdlIgpmbGFzaElDOidBY3Rpb25Db250cm9sbGVy%250AOjpGbGFzaDo6Rmxhc2hIYXNoewAGOgpAdXNlZHsA--8ebb3c62d461d28f8fda7b8adab642af66969f7e; domain=.twitter.com; path=/ < Expires: Wed, 09 Jun 2010 18:30:20 GMT < Vary: Accept-Encoding < Connection: close < <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <hash> <request>/statuses/update.xml?status=Testing2</request> <error>Could not authenticate with OAuth.</error> </hash> * Closing connection #0 my Parameters are setup like so: var parameters = [encodeURIComponent("status="+status),encodeURIComponent("oauth_token="+ac_token),encodeURIComponent("oauth_consumer_key="+"yJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q"),encodeURIComponent("oauth_nonce="+nonce,"oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1"),encodeURIComponent("oauth_timestamp="+timestamp),encodeURIComponent("oauth_version=1.0")] var join = parameters.join("&"); var eparamjoin =encodeURIComponent(join); The key is like so: var key=con_secret+"&"+ac_secret; Signature base string is: var signaturebs = "POST&"+encodeURIComponent(url)+"&"+eparamjoin; giving this: POST&http%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fstatuses%2Fupdate.xml&status%253DTesting2%26oauth_token%253D142715285-yi2ch324S3zfyKyJby6WDUZOhCsiQuKNUtc3nAGe%26oauth_consumer_key%253DyJDLH7BDdVi1OKIINSV7Q%26oauth_nonce%253D1276107867blah%26oauth_timestamp%253D1276107867%26oauth_version%253D1.0 and signature built like so: var hmac = Crypto.HMAC(Crypto.SHA1, signaturebs,key ); var signature=Base64.encode(hmac); making the signature: NWU4MDdlNjk0OGIxYWQ1YTkyNmU5YjU1NGYyOTczMmU5ZDg5YWNkNA== Any help would be appreciated thank you!

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