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  • processing of Group Policy failed only on 2008 Servers and Name Resolution failure on the current domain controller

    - by Ken Wolfrom
    Spent last 3 months doing a upgrade from 2003 domain to a 2008R2 domain. our last DC was rebuilt (5 total) and brought up on line. After it was put on line we have some 2008 and 2008R2 servers (10 now) getting these errors in the event logs. ERRORS Description: The processing of Group Policy failed. Windows could not resolve the user name. This could be caused by one of more of the following: a) Name Resolution failure on the current domain controller. b) Active Directory Replication Latency (an account created on another domain controller has not replicated to the current domain controller).\ Can duplicate this if we drop to command prompt and run GPUPDATE manually When our users attempt to do a \directory\shared access to shared drive on an affected server get this error.– “THERE ARE CURRETLY NO LOGON SERVER AVAIALBE TO SERICE THE LOGON REQUEST. This is only affecting the 2008 OS and it is a random set of abotu 10 servers out of some 30 with this OS. The Services on the machines are running Ok and login. Able to log in with domain/user to the consoles and via RDP. WE can log onto an affected machine, and can get to the \domainname\sysvol and can see the GPO's Have checked the replication topology of the domain and it states all servers can replicate with no errrors. We went back to the last DC, demoted it, removed DNS and then removed it from the domain and waited 24 hours and issue still persist. Picked one server, removed it from domain, reboooted, and added back to domain with no problems, but still has this behavior. bottom line is we have some servers that the domain will not let any UDP/client server apps or GPO's process ,but the tcp related items seeme to work fine, http, tcp calls, sql and oracle dbs's connect and process. Any inputs on some possible reasons for this issue and fixes. It is only affecting the 2008 servers on a 2008R2 domain.

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  • Activation context generation failed for "C:\php\php-cgi.exe". Dependent Assembly

    - by Eyla
    Greeting, I have Windows Server 2008 Server Core. I want to configure this server to host php websites using IIS 7. I installed and configured IIS7 to run php using the steps in this website: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/philpenn/archive/2009/07/19/deploying-iis-7-5-fastcgi-php-on-server-core.aspx Now I’m facing a problem that when I request my php website I would get this error. Server Error 500 - Internal server error. There is a problem with the resource you are looking for, and it cannot be displayed. I check the even log and I found these details too: Activation context generation failed for "C:\php\php-cgi.exe". Dependent Assembly Microsoft.VC90.CRT,processorArchitecture="x86",publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b",type="win32",version="9.0.21022.8" could not be found. Please use sxstrace.exe for detailed diagnosis. I search about this error and I found a solution for it but which is to install Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86). I installed but still I’m getting same error. Please help me to solve this problem and let me know if you want to know more info about my issue.

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  • WIX installer with Custom Actions: "built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded."

    - by Rimer
    I have a WIX installer that executes Custom Actions over the course of install. When I run the WIX installer, and it encounters its first Custom Action, the installer fails out, and I receive an error in the MSI log as follows: Action start 12:03:53: LoadBCAConfigDefaults. SFXCA: Extracting custom action to temporary directory: C:\DOCUME~1\ELOY06~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\MSI10C.tmp-\ SFXCA: Binding to CLR version v2.0.50727 Calling custom action WIXCustomActions!WIXCustomActions.CustomActions.LoadBCAConfigDefaults Error: could not load custom action class WIXCustomActions.CustomActions from assembly: WIXCustomActions System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'WIXCustomActions' or one of its dependencies. This assembly is built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded. File name: 'WIXCustomActions' at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection) at System.AppDomain.Load(String assemblyString) at Microsoft.Deployment.WindowsInstaller.CustomActionProxy.GetCustomActionMethod(Session session, String assemblyName, String className, String methodName) ... the specific problem from above is "System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'WIXCustomActions' or one of its dependencies. This assembly is built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded." The wordage of that error seems to indicate something like an incorrectly referenced .NET framework or something (I'm targeting 3.5 in both my custom actions and its dependencies), but I can't figure out where to make a change to address this problem. Any ideas? .... Not sure if this will help but it's the CustomActions package batch file I run to create the .dll package containing the custom action functions: =============== call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" @echo on cd "C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions" csc /target:library /r:"C:\program files\windows installer xml v3.6\sdk\microsoft.deployment.windowsinstaller.dll" /r:"C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\eLoyalty.PortalLib.dll" /out:"C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\WIXCustomActions.dll" CustomActions.cs cd "C:\Program Files\Windows Installer XML v3.6\SDK" makesfxca "C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\BatchCustomerAnalysisWIXCustomActionsPackage.dll" "c:\program files\windows installer xml v3.6\sdk\x86\sfxca.dll" "C:\development\trunk\PortalsDev\csharp\production\Installers\WIX\customactions\PAServicesWIXCustomActions\bin\Debug\WIXCustomActions.dll" customaction.config Microsoft.Deployment.WindowsInstaller.dll

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  • Speech recognition plugin Runtime Error: Unhandled Exception. What could possibly cause it?

    - by manuel
    I'm writing a plugin (dll file) for speech recognition, and I'm creating a WinForm as its interface/dialog. When I run the plugin and click a button to start the initialization, I get an unhandled exception. Below is the complete details of it. See the end of this message for details on invoking just-in-time (JIT) debugging instead of this dialog box. ***** Exception Text ******* System.ArgumentException: Value does not fall within the expected range. at System.Speech.Internal.SapiInterop.SapiProxy.MTAThread.Invoke2(VoidDelegate pfn) at System.Speech.Internal.SapiInterop.SapiRecognizer.SetInput(Object input, Boolean allowFormatChanges) at System.Speech.Recognition.RecognizerBase.SetInputToDefaultAudioDevice() at System.Speech.Recognition.SpeechRecognitionEngine.SetInputToDefaultAudioDevice() at gen_myplugin.Dialog.init() at gen_myplugin.Dialog.btnSpeak_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnClick(EventArgs e) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs mevent) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmMouseUp(Message& m, MouseButtons button, Int32 clicks) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.ButtonBase.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Button.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.OnMessage(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.Control.ControlNativeWindow.WndProc(Message& m) at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.Callback(IntPtr hWnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam) ***** Loaded Assemblies ******* mscorlib Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3603 (GDR.050727-3600) CodeBase: file:///c:/WINDOWS/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/mscorlib.dll ---------------------------------------- gen_speechquery Assembly Version: 1.0.3755.878 Win32 Version: CodeBase: file:///C:/Program%20Files/Winamp/Plugins/gen_speechquery.dll ---------------------------------------- msvcm90 Assembly Version: 9.0.30729.1 Win32 Version: 9.00.30729.1 CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/WinSxS/x86_Microsoft.VC90.CRT_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_9.0.30729.1_x-ww_6f74963e/msvcm90.dll ---------------------------------------- System.Windows.Forms Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3053 (netfxsp.050727-3000) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.Windows.Forms.dll ---------------------------------------- System Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3053 (netfxsp.050727-3000) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.dll ---------------------------------------- System.Drawing Assembly Version: 2.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 2.0.50727.3053 (netfxsp.050727-3000) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/System.Drawing.dll ---------------------------------------- System.Speech Assembly Version: 3.0.0.0 Win32 Version: 3.0.6920.1109 (lh_tools_devdiv_wpf.071009-1109) CodeBase: file:///C:/WINDOWS/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Speech/3.0.0.0__31bf3856ad364e35/System.Speech.dll ***** JIT Debugging ******* To enable just-in-time (JIT) debugging, the .config file for this application or computer (machine.config) must have the jitDebugging value set in the system.windows.forms section. The application must also be compiled with debugging enabled. For example: When JIT debugging is enabled, any unhandled exception will be sent to the JIT debugger registered on the computer rather than be handled by this dialog box.

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  • Imagemagick convert with resample option

    - by coneybeare
    I am creating thumbnails from much larger images and have been using this command successfully for some time: convert FILE -resize "64x" -crop "64x64+0+16" +repage -strip OUTFILE I also do some other processing that is not relevant to the question. I realized that this does not adjust the resolution at all, so if I use a 300dpi image, it ends up displaying really small on some devices. I want to resample it to 72x72 so I have been trying with this command: convert FILE -resize "64x" -crop "64x64+0+16" +repage -strip -resample 72x72 OUTFILE And expected the 64x64 image at 300dpi to be resampled to a 64x64 image at 72dpi, but instead, I am getting a very funny size and density. Here is "identify" output for the original and post-processed file WITHOUT the resample: coneybeare $ convert "aa.jpg" -crop "64x64+0+16" +repage -strip "aa.png" coneybeare $ for image in `find . -type f`; do identify $image; identify -verbose $image | egrep "^ Resolution"; done ./aa.jpg JPEG 1130x1695 1130x1695+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 1.492MiB 0.000u 0:00.000 Resolution: 300x300 ./aa.png PNG 64x64 64x64+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 7.46KiB 0.000u 0:00.000 Resolution: 118.11x118.11 And here is the "identify output for the command WITH the resample: coneybeare $ convert "aa.jpg" -crop "64x64+0+16" +repage -strip -resample 72x72 "aa.png" coneybeare $ for image in `find . -type f`; do identify $image; identify -verbose $image | egrep "^ Resolution"; done ./aa.jpg JPEG 1130x1695 1130x1695+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 1.492MiB 0.000u 0:00.000 Resolution: 300x300 ./aa.png PNG 15x15 15x15+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 901b 0.000u 0:00.000 Resolution: 28.34x28.34 So, the question is: What am I doing wrong and how can I fix it so the end result is a 64x64 cropped thumbnail image at 72dpi?

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  • That assembly does not allow partially trusted callers although the zone is fully trusted.

    - by Frederik Gheysels
    Since yesterday, I receive a security exception when I want to run a unit-test from within VS.NET 2008. The error goes like this: SecurityException: that assembly does not allow partially trusted callers ... The assembly that failed was : file:///S:/MyProject/MyAssembly.dll The S: drive is a mapped drive which points to a physical location on my disk. What I find very strange, is that this used to work for months previously. I mean, I did this all the time. In order to get this to work, I 've created a new security zone with the caspol utility in order to give this S: network share drive FullTrust. In other words, when I run caspol -m -lg I see this (I removed the other zones for the sake of brevity): 1.2. Zone - Intranet: LocalIntranet 1.2.1. All code: Same site Web 1.2.2. All code: Same directory FileIO - 'Read, PathDiscovery' 1.2.3. Url - file://R:/*: FullTrust 1.2.4. Url - file://S:/*: FullTrust 1.2.5. Url - file:///S:/*: FullTrust I've added the 1.2.5 zone just recently because the error that was given, mentionned file:///s:/.... Any ideas ? Could it be that this has something to do with the installation of VS.NET 2010 or the .NET Framework version 4.0 ?

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  • IIS 7.5 refuses to load 64-bit assembly - possible CAS problem?

    - by Rune
    Hi, I just downloaded the Orchard CMS, opened it up in VS2008 and hit F5: Everything runs fine. I then created a website in IIS 7.5 and pointed it to the web project's directory and set up permissions correctly (I hope). I downloaded the 64-bit version System.Data.SQLite as suggested here: Orchard Work Item 14798 and here: SO: Could not load file or assembly 'System.Data.SQLite'. The site runs in Full Trust. When I point my browser to the site running through IIS I get Could not load file or assembly 'System.Data.SQLite, Version=1.0.65.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=db937bc2d44ff139' or one of its dependencies. Failed to grant minimum permission requests. I don't know much about Code Access Security (if that is even what's at play here), so I am at a loss here. What am I doing wrong / not understanding / not seeing? How do I provide appropriate permissions and to whom / what? Is there any hope of ever deploying this application to a hoster where I am only allowed to run in Medium Trust? Any help, pointers or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. NOTE: the question is not why this initially worked when run through Cassini. The answer to that question is contained in the answer to the SO question referenced above.

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  • How do I reference an unsigned assembly from a VSTO Word Doc project?

    - by Gishu
    I created a new project in VS2008. Project type Visual C# > Office > 2007 > Word 2007 Document Added some code.. got Word to do a few jumps through some custom hoops.. all fine. Now I need to reference another assembly (CopyLocal as false) which is not signed. So I add the project reference. Now the project will not build complaining error MSB3188: Assembly 'X.dll' must be strong signed in order to be marked as a prerequisite. The error code page is concise (now accustomed to this) Been googling and reading posts ever since.. No Luck. How do I get around this ? Or is the hidden commandment that all references (for VSTO?) must be strong named / signed. I cannot sign 'X.dll' and be done with it because it is a binary that I don't control also it depends on another bunch of unsigned dlls.. can't set off a chain sign reaction. Update: Solved the build issue by turning CopyLocal=True. But this meant dumping the referenced X.DLL and all its dependencies into the bin\debug folder... Ughh! Tried creating a subfolder called bin\debug\refExecs and referencing X.dll CopyLocal=false from there. The error message was back.

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  • Is it possible to load an assembly targeting a different .NET runtime version in a new app domain?

    - by Notre
    Hello, I've an application that is based on .NET 2 runtime. I want to add a little bit of support for .NET 4 but don't want to (in the short term), convert the whole application (which is very large) to target .NET 4. I tried the 'obvious' approach of creating an application .config file, having this: <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" /> </startup> but I ran into some problems that I noted here. I got the idea of creating a separate app domain. To test it, I created a WinForm project targeting .NET 2. I then created a class library targeting .NET 4. In my WinForm project, I added the following code: AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup(); setup.ApplicationBase = "path to .NET 4 assembly"; setup.ConfigurationFile = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + "\\DotNet4AppDomain.exe.config"; // Set up the Evidence Evidence baseEvidence = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.Evidence; Evidence evidence = new Evidence(baseEvidence); // Create the AppDomain AppDomain dotNet4AppDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("DotNet4AppDomain", evidence, setup); try { Assembly doNet4Assembly = dotNet4AppDomain.Load( new AssemblyName("MyDotNet4Assembly, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=66f0dac1b575e793")); MessageBox.Show(doNet4Assembly.FullName); } finally { AppDomain.Unload(dotNet4AppDomain); } My DotNet4AppDomain.exe.config file looks like this: <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy="true"> <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" /> </startup> Unfortunately, this throws the BadImageFormatException when dotNet4AppDomain.Load is executed. Am I doing something wrong in my code, or is what I'm trying to do just not going to work? Thank you!

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  • Can I use encrypt web.config with a custom protection provider who's assembly is not in the GAC?

    - by James
    I have written a custom protected configuration provider for my web.config. When I try to encrypt my web.config with it I get the following error from aspnet_iisreg aspnet_regiis.exe -pef appSettings . -prov CustomProvider (This is running in my MSBuild) Could not load file or assembly 'MyCustomProviderNamespace' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified. After checking with the Fusion log, I confirm it is checking both the GAC, and 'C:/WINNT/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v2.0.50727/' (the location of aspnet_iisreg). But it cannot find the provider. I do not want to move my component into the GAC, I want to leave the custom assembly in my ApplicationBase to copy around to various servers without having to pull/push from the GAC. Here is my provider configuration in the web.config. <configProtectedData> <providers> <add name="CustomProvider" type="MyCustomProviderNamespace.MyCustomProviderClass, MyCustomProviderNamespace" /> </providers> </configProtectedData> Has anyone got any ideas?

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  • Obfuscator for .NET assembly (Maybe just a C++ obfuscator?)

    - by Pirate for Profit
    The software company I work for is using a ton of open source LGPL/BSD/MIT C++ code that we have written wrappers around to port "helper classes" into a .NET assembly, via C++/CLI. These libraries have wrapped old cryptic APIs into easy-to-use ones based on common sense, and will be very helpful for a lot of different tasks will be included in many future client's applications, and we might even license it to other software companies in the same field. So naturally we are tasked with looking into solutions for securing the code from prying eyes. What we're trying to do is stop the casual observer from seeing what's going on. Now I have hacked some crazy shit in EverQuest and other video games in my day so I know with enough tireless effort anything can be done. But we don't want to make it easy for whomever. To the point, besides the Visual Studio compiler's optimizations, is there's a C++ obfuscator or .NET assembly obfuscator (after it's been built o.O) or something that would scramble everything up, re-arrange data structures, string constants, etc. idk? And if such a thing exists, we'd be curious to know how that would impact performance, as some sections of code are time critical (funny saying that using a managed M$ framework).

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  • Configuration Error , Finding assembly after I swapped referenced dll out. Visual Studio 2003

    - by TampaRich
    Here is the situation. I had a clean build of my asp.net web application working. I then went into the bin folder under the web app and replaced two referenced dll's with two older version of the same dll's. (Same name etc.) After testing I replaced those dll's back to the new ones and now my application keeps throwing the configuration error === Pre-bind state information === LOG: DisplayName = xxxxx.xxxx.Personalization (Partial) LOG: Appbase = file:///c:/inetpub/wwwroot/appname LOG: Initial PrivatePath = bin Calling assembly : (Unknown). LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind). I found this issue on the web and tried all the solutions to it but nothing worked. I then went into all my projects that it references under the solution and cleared out the bin/debug folder in each, I cleared out the obj folder under each and also deleted the temporary files associated with the application. I rebuilt it and it still will not work due to this error Not sure what is causing this or how to fix this issue. I have tried restarting IIS, stopping index services which was said to be a known issue. This is .net framework 1.1 app and visual studio 2003 Any suggestions would be great. Thanks.

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  • How to configure Beyond Compare 3 for Eclipse conflict resolution?

    - by Peter Boughton
    What is the correct parameters to get Beyond Compare 3 working with Eclipse/Subclipse conflict resolution? In Preferences > Team > SVN > Diff/Merge there's the option to specify an external program to resolve conflicts. The default parameters are: "${yours}" "${theirs}" "${base}" "${merged}" And it suggests TortoiseMerge settings of this: /theirs:"${theirs}" /base:"${base}" /mine:"${yours}" /merged:"${merged}" But what is the appropriate config for Beyond Compare?

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  • possible to auto zoom out if user's resolution < x ?

    - by Haroldo
    my site is aimed purely at the laptop market (dont ask why or argue!), all my users (or 95%+) we on a screen width of 1200+, netbooks are now taking off, with a resolution of 1024 wide. my site still looks great on a netbook if you zoom out once (ctrl-minus), but i don't want to rely on users knowing about ctrl-minus. what are my options besides redesign? I'm keen not to have zoom buttons on my page. is there a javascript zoomer outer?!!!

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  • Integration test failing through NUnit Gui/Console, but passes through TestDriven in IDE

    - by Cliff
    I am using NHibernate against an Oracle database with the NHibernate.Driver.OracleDataClientDriver driver class. I have an integration test that pulls back expected data properly when executed through the IDE using TestDriven.net. However, when I run the unit test through the NUnit GUI or Console, NHibernate throws an exception saying it cannot find the Oracle.DataAccess assembly. Obviously, this prevents me from running my integration tests as part of my CI process. NHibernate.HibernateException : The IDbCommand and IDbConnection implementation in the assembly Oracle.DataAccess could not be found. Ensure that the assembly Oracle.DataAccess is located in the application directory or in the Global Assembly Cache. If the assembly is in the GAC, use element in the application configuration file to specify the full name of the assembly.* I have tried making the assembly available in two ways, by copying it into the bin\debug folder and by adding the element in the config file. Again, both methods work when executing through TestDriven in the IDE. Neither work when executing through NUnit GUI/Console. The NUnit Gui log displays the following message. 21:42:26,377 ERROR [TestRunnerThread] ReflectHelper [(null)]- Could not load type Oracle.DataAccess.Client.OracleConnection, Oracle.DataAccess. System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'Oracle.DataAccess, Version=2.111.7.20, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342' or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format. File name: 'Oracle.DataAccess, Version=2.111.7.20, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342' --- System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'Oracle.DataAccess' or one of its dependencies. An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format. File name: 'Oracle.DataAccess' I am running NUnit 2.4.8, TestDriven.net 2.24 and VS2008sp1 on Windows 7 64bit. Oracle Data Provider v2.111.7.20, NHibernate v2.1.0.4. Has anyone run into this issue, better yet, fixed it?

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  • .NET Security Part 2

    - by Simon Cooper
    So, how do you create partial-trust appdomains? Where do you come across them? There are two main situations in which your assembly runs as partially-trusted using the Microsoft .NET stack: Creating a CLR assembly in SQL Server with anything other than the UNSAFE permission set. The permissions available in each permission set are given here. Loading an assembly in ASP.NET in any trust level other than Full. Information on ASP.NET trust levels can be found here. You can configure the specific permissions available to assemblies using ASP.NET policy files. Alternatively, you can create your own partially-trusted appdomain in code and directly control the permissions and the full-trust API available to the assemblies you load into the appdomain. This is the scenario I’ll be concentrating on in this post. Creating a partially-trusted appdomain There is a single overload of AppDomain.CreateDomain that allows you to specify the permissions granted to assemblies in that appdomain – this one. This is the only call that allows you to specify a PermissionSet for the domain. All the other calls simply use the permissions of the calling code. If the permissions are restricted, then the resulting appdomain is referred to as a sandboxed domain. There are three things you need to create a sandboxed domain: The specific permissions granted to all assemblies in the domain. The application base (aka working directory) of the domain. The list of assemblies that have full-trust if they are loaded into the sandboxed domain. The third item is what allows us to have a fully-trusted API that is callable by partially-trusted code. I’ll be looking at the details of this in a later post. Granting permissions to the appdomain Firstly, the permissions granted to the appdomain. This is encapsulated in a PermissionSet object, initialized either with no permissions or full-trust permissions. For sandboxed appdomains, the PermissionSet is initialized with no permissions, then you add permissions you want assemblies loaded into that appdomain to have by default: PermissionSet restrictedPerms = new PermissionSet(PermissionState.None); // all assemblies need Execution permission to run at all restrictedPerms.AddPermission( new SecurityPermission(SecurityPermissionFlag.Execution)); // grant general read access to C:\config.xml restrictedPerms.AddPermission( new FileIOPermission(FileIOPermissionAccess.Read, @"C:\config.xml")); // grant permission to perform DNS lookups restrictedPerms.AddPermission( new DnsPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted)); It’s important to point out that the permissions granted to an appdomain, and so to all assemblies loaded into that appdomain, are usable without needing to go through any SafeCritical code (see my last post if you’re unsure what SafeCritical code is). That is, partially-trusted code loaded into an appdomain with the above permissions (and so running under the Transparent security level) is able to create and manipulate a FileStream object to read from C:\config.xml directly. It is only for operations requiring permissions that are not granted to the appdomain that partially-trusted code is required to call a SafeCritical method that then asserts the missing permissions and performs the operation safely on behalf of the partially-trusted code. The application base of the domain This is simply set as a property on an AppDomainSetup object, and is used as the default directory assemblies are loaded from: AppDomainSetup appDomainSetup = new AppDomainSetup { ApplicationBase = @"C:\temp\sandbox", }; If you’ve read the documentation around sandboxed appdomains, you’ll notice that it mentions a security hole if this parameter is set correctly. I’ll be looking at this, and other pitfalls, that will break the sandbox when using sandboxed appdomains, in a later post. Full-trust assemblies in the appdomain Finally, we need the strong names of the assemblies that, when loaded into the appdomain, will be run as full-trust, irregardless of the permissions specified on the appdomain. These assemblies will contain methods and classes decorated with SafeCritical and Critical attributes. I’ll be covering the details of creating full-trust APIs for partial-trust appdomains in a later post. This is how you get the strongnames of an assembly to be executed as full-trust in the sandbox: // get the Assembly object for the assembly Assembly assemblyWithApi = ... // get the StrongName from the assembly's collection of evidence StrongName apiStrongName = assemblyWithApi.Evidence.GetHostEvidence<StrongName>(); Creating the sandboxed appdomain So, putting these three together, you create the appdomain like so: AppDomain sandbox = AppDomain.CreateDomain( "Sandbox", null, appDomainSetup, restrictedPerms, apiStrongName); You can then load and execute assemblies in this appdomain like any other. For example, to load an assembly into the appdomain and get an instance of the Sandboxed.Entrypoint class, implementing IEntrypoint, you do this: IEntrypoint o = (IEntrypoint)sandbox.CreateInstanceFromAndUnwrap( "C:\temp\sandbox\SandboxedAssembly.dll", "Sandboxed.Entrypoint"); // call method the Execute method on this object within the sandbox o.Execute(); The second parameter to CreateDomain is for security evidence used in the appdomain. This was a feature of the .NET 2 security model, and has been (mostly) obsoleted in the .NET 4 model. Unless the evidence is needed elsewhere (eg. isolated storage), you can pass in null for this parameter. Conclusion That’s the basics of sandboxed appdomains. The most important object is the PermissionSet that defines the permissions available to assemblies running in the appdomain; it is this object that defines the appdomain as full or partial-trust. The appdomain also needs a default directory used for assembly lookups as the ApplicationBase parameter, and you can specify an optional list of the strongnames of assemblies that will be given full-trust permissions if they are loaded into the sandboxed appdomain. Next time, I’ll be looking closer at full-trust assemblies running in a sandboxed appdomain, and what you need to do to make an API available to partial-trust code.

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  • "are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?" but the namespace and reference are correct

    - by Filip
    Hi, I've got the following error when builing my project. The type or namespace name 'OvuMenu' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) But I have put a using in my code and a reference to the dll. It is a WPF application that exists of 3 projects. I checked the references, even intellisense works when I put the using directive in the page. thanks, Filip

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