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• Unusually high dentry cache usage

  - by Wolfgang Stengel

  Problem A CentOS machine with kernel 2.6.32 and 128 GB physical RAM ran into trouble a few days ago. The responsible system administrator tells me that the PHP-FPM application was not responding to requests in a timely manner anymore due to swapping, and having seen in free that almost no memory was left, he chose to reboot the machine. I know that free memory can be a confusing concept on Linux and a reboot perhaps was the wrong thing to do. However, the mentioned administrator blames the PHP application (which I am responsible for) and refuses to investigate further. What I could find out on my own is this: Before the restart, the free memory (incl. buffers and cache) was only a couple of hundred MB. Before the restart, /proc/meminfo reported a Slab memory usage of around 90 GB (yes, GB). After the restart, the free memory was 119 GB, going down to around 100 GB within an hour, as the PHP-FPM workers (about 600 of them) were coming back to life, each of them showing between 30 and 40 MB in the RES column in top (which has been this way for months and is perfectly reasonable given the nature of the PHP application). There is nothing else in the process list that consumes an unusual or noteworthy amount of RAM. After the restart, Slab memory was around 300 MB If have been monitoring the system ever since, and most notably the Slab memory is increasing in a straight line with a rate of about 5 GB per day. Free memory as reported by free and /proc/meminfo decreases at the same rate. Slab is currently at 46 GB. According to slabtop most of it is used for dentry entries: Free memory: free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 129048 76435 52612 0 144 7675 -/+ buffers/cache: 68615 60432 Swap: 8191 0 8191 Meminfo: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 132145324 kB MemFree: 53620068 kB Buffers: 147760 kB Cached: 8239072 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20300940 kB Inactive: 6512716 kB Active(anon): 18408460 kB Inactive(anon): 24736 kB Active(file): 1892480 kB Inactive(file): 6487980 kB Unevictable: 8608 kB Mlocked: 8608 kB SwapTotal: 8388600 kB SwapFree: 8388600 kB Dirty: 11416 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 18436224 kB Mapped: 94536 kB Shmem: 6364 kB Slab: 46240380 kB SReclaimable: 44561644 kB SUnreclaim: 1678736 kB KernelStack: 9336 kB PageTables: 457516 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 72364108 kB Committed_AS: 22305444 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 480164 kB VmallocChunk: 34290830848 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 12216320 kB HugePages_Total: 2048 HugePages_Free: 2048 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 5604 kB DirectMap2M: 2078720 kB DirectMap1G: 132120576 kB Slabtop: slabtop --once Active / Total Objects (% used) : 225920064 / 226193412 (99.9%) Active / Total Slabs (% used) : 11556364 / 11556415 (100.0%) Active / Total Caches (% used) : 110 / 194 (56.7%) Active / Total Size (% used) : 43278793.73K / 43315465.42K (99.9%) Minimum / Average / Maximum Object : 0.02K / 0.19K / 4096.00K OBJS ACTIVE USE OBJ SIZE SLABS OBJ/SLAB CACHE SIZE NAME 221416340 221416039 3% 0.19K 11070817 20 44283268K dentry 1123443 1122739 99% 0.41K 124827 9 499308K fuse_request 1122320 1122180 99% 0.75K 224464 5 897856K fuse_inode 761539 754272 99% 0.20K 40081 19 160324K vm_area_struct 437858 223259 50% 0.10K 11834 37 47336K buffer_head 353353 347519 98% 0.05K 4589 77 18356K anon_vma_chain 325090 324190 99% 0.06K 5510 59 22040K size-64 146272 145422 99% 0.03K 1306 112 5224K size-32 137625 137614 99% 1.02K 45875 3 183500K nfs_inode_cache 128800 118407 91% 0.04K 1400 92 5600K anon_vma 59101 46853 79% 0.55K 8443 7 33772K radix_tree_node 52620 52009 98% 0.12K 1754 30 7016K size-128 19359 19253 99% 0.14K 717 27 2868K sysfs_dir_cache 10240 7746 75% 0.19K 512 20 2048K filp VFS cache pressure: cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure 125 Swappiness: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 0 I know that unused memory is wasted memory, so this should not necessarily be a bad thing (especially given that 44 GB are shown as SReclaimable). However, apparently the machine experienced problems nonetheless, and I'm afraid the same will happen again in a few days when Slab surpasses 90 GB. Questions I have these questions: Am I correct in thinking that the Slab memory is always physical RAM, and the number is already subtracted from the MemFree value? Is such a high number of dentry entries normal? The PHP application has access to around 1.5 M files, however most of them are archives and not being accessed at all for regular web traffic. What could be an explanation for the fact that the number of cached inodes is much lower than the number of cached dentries, should they not be related somehow? If the system runs into memory trouble, should the kernel not free some of the dentries automatically? What could be a reason that this does not happen? Is there any way to "look into" the dentry cache to see what all this memory is (i.e. what are the paths that are being cached)? Perhaps this points to some kind of memory leak, symlink loop, or indeed to something the PHP application is doing wrong. The PHP application code as well as all asset files are mounted via GlusterFS network file system, could that have something to do with it? Please keep in mind that I can not investigate as root, only as a regular user, and that the administrator refuses to help. He won't even run the typical echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches test to see if the Slab memory is indeed reclaimable. Any insights into what could be going on and how I can investigate any further would be greatly appreciated. Updates Some further diagnostic information: Mounts: cat /proc/self/mounts rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0 proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0 tmpfs /phptmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 tmpfs /wsdltmp tmpfs rw,noatime,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 0 0 none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,relatime,cpuset 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpu cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/cpuacct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/memory cgroup rw,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/devices cgroup rw,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/net_cls cgroup rw,relatime,net_cls 0 0 cgroup /cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,relatime,blkio 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol /var/www fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol /var/upload fuse.glusterfs rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 0 0 sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0 172.17.39.78:/www /data/www nfs rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 0 0 Mount info: cat /proc/self/mountinfo 16 21 0:3 / /proc rw,relatime - proc proc rw 17 21 0:0 / /sys rw,relatime - sysfs sysfs rw 18 21 0:5 / /dev rw,relatime - devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=66063000k,nr_inodes=16515750,mode=755 19 18 0:11 / /dev/pts rw,relatime - devpts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 20 18 0:16 / /dev/shm rw,relatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw 21 1 253:1 / / rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/mapper/sysvg-lv_root rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 22 16 0:15 / /proc/bus/usb rw,relatime - usbfs /proc/bus/usb rw 23 21 8:1 / /boot rw,relatime - ext4 /dev/sda1 rw,barrier=1,data=ordered 24 21 0:17 / /phptmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 25 21 0:18 / /wsdltmp rw,noatime - tmpfs tmpfs rw,size=1048576k,nr_inodes=15728640,mode=777 26 16 0:19 / /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc rw,relatime - binfmt_misc none rw 27 21 0:20 / /cgroup/cpuset rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuset 28 21 0:21 / /cgroup/cpu rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpu 29 21 0:22 / /cgroup/cpuacct rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,cpuacct 30 21 0:23 / /cgroup/memory rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,memory 31 21 0:24 / /cgroup/devices rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,devices 32 21 0:25 / /cgroup/freezer rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,freezer 33 21 0:26 / /cgroup/net_cls rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,net_cls 34 21 0:27 / /cgroup/blkio rw,relatime - cgroup cgroup rw,blkio 35 21 0:28 / /var/www rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 36 21 0:29 / /var/upload rw,relatime - fuse.glusterfs /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-upload.vol rw,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,max_read=131072 37 21 0:30 / /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rw,relatime - rpc_pipefs sunrpc rw 39 21 0:31 / /data/www rw,relatime - nfs 172.17.39.78:/www rw,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=38467,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=172.17.39.78,mountvers=3,mountport=38465,mountproto=tcp,local_lock=none,addr=172.17.39.78 GlusterFS config: cat /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs-www.vol volume remote1 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.71 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote2 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.72 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote3 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.73 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume remote4 type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host 172.17.39.74 option ping-timeout 10 option transport.socket.nodelay on # undocumented option for speed # http://gluster.org/pipermail/gluster-users/2009-September/003158.html option remote-subvolume /data/www end-volume volume replicate1 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote1 remote2 end-volume volume replicate2 type cluster/replicate option lookup-unhashed off # off will reduce cpu usage, and network option local-volume-name 'hostname' subvolumes remote3 remote4 end-volume volume distribute type cluster/distribute subvolumes replicate1 replicate2 end-volume volume iocache type performance/io-cache option cache-size 8192MB # default is 32MB subvolumes distribute end-volume volume writeback type performance/write-behind option cache-size 1024MB option window-size 1MB subvolumes iocache end-volume ### Add io-threads for parallel requisitions volume iothreads type performance/io-threads option thread-count 64 # default is 16 subvolumes writeback end-volume volume ra type performance/read-ahead option page-size 2MB option page-count 16 option force-atime-update no subvolumes iothreads end-volume

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• How can I switch from a custom linux network namespace back to the default one?

  - by Martin

  With ip netns exec you can execute a command in a custom network namespace - but is there also a way to execute a command in the default namespace? For example, after executing these two commands: sudo ip netns add test_ns sudo ip netns exec test_ns bash How can the newly created bash execute programs in the default network namespace? There is no ip netns exec default or anything similar as far as I've found. My scenario is: I want to run a SSH server in a separate network namespace (to keep the rest of the system unaware of the network connection, as the system is used for network testing), but want to be able to execute programs in the default network namespace via the SSH connection. What I've found out so far: Created network namespaces are listed as files under /var/run/netns (but there is no file for the default namespace) The ip netns exec code can be found here: http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/shemminger/iproute2.git/tree/ip/ipnetns.c#n132 - I haven't grasped everything that it is doing yet, but it doesn't look very promising. ip netns identify $$ as suggested by Howto query and change network namespace on linux? returns nothing when in the default network namespace

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• Installed Paragon HFS+ for Windows 8, now my pc won't recognize the external firewire drive

  - by Steve

  I'm not incredibly knowledgeable about computers and I really need some help. Just got a Seagate external firewire drive this morning. I downloaded the necessary pc driver (Paragon HFS+ for Windows 8) through their website per the instructions that came with the drive. After installation, I restarted and the pc recognized the firewire drive just fine. About three hours into copying files from my pc to the firewire drive, it gave me an error and told me the files couldn't be copied. When I clicked to get out of the message, the computer crashed. After an hour of it trying to repair itself in safe mode, it restored me to an earlier version before the system crashed. Here's my current dilemma: The Paragon HFS+ is still showing up in my programs as installed, but the Device Manager is not recognizing the drive. When I try to uninstall and reinstall Paragon, it interrupts me with a message saying "The setup must update files or services that cannot be updated while the system is running" and basically gives me the finger. I have no idea what to do now, as it won't let me uninstall and reinstall Paragon, and I have no idea why it crashed my computer in the first place. Is there possibly another Mac - PC firewire driver I can try downloading instead? I really don't know what I'm doing and any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• EFS Remote Encryption

  - by Apoulet

  We have been trying to setup EFS across our domain. Unfortunately Reading/Writing file over network share does not work, we get an "Access Denied" error. Another worrying fact is that I managed to get it working for 1 machine but no other would work. The machines are all Windows 2008R2, running as VM under ESXi host. According to: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb457116.aspx#EHAA We setup the involved machine to be trusted for delegation The user are not restricted and can be trusted for delegation. The users have logged-in on both side and can read/write encrypted files without issues locally. I enabled Kerberos logging in the registry and this is the relevant logs that I get on the machine that has the encrypted files. In order for all certificate that the user possess (Only Key Name changes): Event ID 5058: Audit Success, "Other System Events" Key file operation. Subject: Security ID: {MyDOMAIN}\{MyID} Account Name: {MyID} Account Domain: {MyDOMAIN} Logon ID: 0xbXXXXXXX Cryptographic Parameters: Provider Name: Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider Algorithm Name: Not Available. Key Name: {CE885431-9B4F-47C2-8415-2D766B999999} Key Type: User key. Key File Operation Information: File Path: C:\Users\{MyID}\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\S-1-5-21-4585646465656-260371901-2912106767-1207\66099999999991e891f187e791277da03d_dfe9ecd8-31c4-4b0f-9b57-6fd3cab90760 Operation: Read persisted key from file. Return Code: 0x0[/code] Event ID 5061: Audit Faillure, "System Intergrity" [code]Cryptographic operation. Subject: Security ID: {MyDOMAIN}\{MyID} Account Name: {MyID} Account Domain: {MyDOMAIN} Logon ID: 0xbXXXXXXX Cryptographic Parameters: Provider Name: Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider Algorithm Name: RSA Key Name: {CE885431-9B4F-47C2-8415-2D766B999999} Key Type: User key. Cryptographic Operation: Operation: Open Key. Return Code: 0x8009000b Could this be related to this error from the CryptAcquireContext function NTE_BAD_KEY_STATE 0x8009000BL The user password has changed since the private keys were encrypted. The problem is that the users I using at the moment can not change their password.

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• Lookup Multiple Results for Multiple Criteria

  - by Matt

  I've got a list of parent SKUs for items I need to create in my inventory system. This list has been finely paired down to the 165 products we would like to carry. However, each one of these 165 SKUs has between 2 and 8 child SKUs of different colors, sizes, etc. Those are stored on a different worksheet, mixed into around 2500 items. Those are the SKUs I need to input into my inventory system. Here is what it looks like. Sheet 1 is just SKUs: A 1 2 3 4 Sheet 2 is comprised of all the child SKUs, with parent SKUs in column B. Not all parents have the same number of children: A B 1BLKM 1 1BLKL 1 1BLUM 1 2BLKM 2 2BLKL 2 2BLUM 2 2ORAM 2 3BLKM 3 3BLUM 3 I want to look up all of the child SKUs for the Parent SKU list that has been fine tuned. Parent SKU is included as a column on the child SKU worksheet. I need to lookup all matches of the Parent SKU, then continue to move down the parent SKU list until all matches for all 165 parent items have been found. It seems like every function I try can't use an Array for input. Is there a way to do this with Lookup or some combination of index, match, row, etc? Any way at all to do it without VBA? Or maybe even a VBA solution with code that I can understand, as someone who hasn't used VBA before.

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• Working Towards Specialization? Your VAD Can Help You Score!

  - by Kristin Rose

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} TOUCH DOWN! That’s right folks, football is in full swing and what better way to kickoff football season than with a great Oracle play? Partners can now score big by side passing the ball to their VADs, enabling them to help in the process of becoming a Specialized partner. With the new functionality now available on the OPN Competency Center, Partner PRM Administrators can grant access to their VADs and have them assist in achieving their Specialization requirements. Here are the rules of the game: Partner Administrator must provide authorization Details do not include individual users data Access can be removed anytime Follow the steps below to grant your VAD access to your company Specialization progress reports. It’s as simple as 1,2,3…Go team go! Login to the OPN Competency Center and go to “My Preferences” on the top right corner of the screen. Under “My VAD”, select your Region, Country and Value Added Distributor name, then simple click in “ADD VAD”. Your VAD can now access your Specialization Tracker report! For those MVP’s who want to learn more, be sure to watch this 3 minute play by play video on the new OPN Competency Center VAD/VAR Specialization Tracker below, and click here before game day! Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} Are You Ready For Some Oracle Football? The OPN Communications Team Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}

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• Acer recovery disks not bootable?

  - by user13743

  We got a new Acer laptop with Vista installed at work. As it's getting ready to go out in the field, we wanted to do a burn-in test on it. We made the recovery DVDs before we ran the test. Part of the burn-in was bonnie++, which does a destructive read/write test of the hard drive. The machine passed with flying colors, but after trying to boot to the recovery DVD to being re-installing the system, the machine began to try PXE boot after a while. After doing some googling, it appears these 'recovery' disks expect a certain recovery partition to exist on the hard drive, and are in fact not bootable at all, and are useless in absence of the recovery partition. Is this the case, and is this "The Way Things Are" with all PC manufacturers and Windows Vista+ nowadays? How do I get my hands on actual bootable DVDs? I've emailed Acer support. I see an option on their site to purchase recovery disks, but I have the suspicion that these are the same non-bootable disks that I burned on the new system. Will Acer provide actual boot disks?

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• Reliable custom Windows shortcut keys?

  - by Peter Baer

  I have global Windows shortcut keys assigned to several different cmd.exe instances. I do this by creating shortcuts to cmd.exe on my desktop, and assigning each one a unique shortcut key (for example, CTRL + SHIFT + U). Pretty basic stuff. I'm using Win2K8 (R1 and R2). This works just fine... most of the time. But with infuriating regularity, sometimes it doesn't. Or it will work with a long delay (many seconds). It doesn't matter what app currently has focus (it can even be one of the command prompts). It doesn't matter what keys I assign (I've tried a few variations of WIN, CTRL and SHIFT). I did notice that this is often, but not always, correlated with explorer.exe struggling in some way or another (say, an explorer window opened to a file share that's unavailable, or an app being unresponsive, or whatever). In other words the shortcut key handling appears to be very sensitive to unrelated system activity. Note that whenever I have this problem I can always successfully ALT + TAB to the window I want to get to, but that's tedious. I use the shortcuts to these command windows hundreds of times a day so even a 1% failure rate becomes really annoying. Is there a way to fix this, or is there some third-party utility out there that will RELIABLY intercept custom key combinations to bring focus to whatever apps I want, in a way that is independent of other system activity? ADDENDUM: There is a property of the Windows shortcuts that I would not want to lose if switching to a third-party hotkey tool: Windows shortcuts are idempotent. Once you've launched a shortcut to some app, pressing the shortcut key combo again takes you to the already launched process - it does not launch a new process.

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• "A disk read error occurred" after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB

  - by kellogs

  "A disk read error occurred" appears on screen after choosing to boot into Windows XP from GRUB. [root@localhost linux]# fdisk -lu Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x48424841 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 204214271 102107104+ 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 204214272 255606783 25696256 af HFS / HFS+ Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 255606784 276488191 10440704 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda4 276490179 312576704 18043263 5 Extended /dev/sda5 * 276490240 286709759 5109760 83 Linux /dev/sda6 286712118 310488254 11888068+ b W95 FAT32 /dev/sda7 310488318 312576704 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris Here, sda is a 160GB hard disk with quite a few partitions and 3 OSes installed. I am able to boot into Linux and Mac OS fine, but not into Windows anymore. The Windows system is located on /dev/sda1. I cannot recall how exactly have I used testdisk but it once said: Disk /dev/sda - 160 GB / 149 GiB - CHS 19458 255 63 The harddisk (160 GB / 149 GiB) seems too small! (< 169 GB / 157 GiB) Check the harddisk size: HD jumper settings, BIOS detection... So far I have tried to "fixboot" and "chkdsk" from a recovery console on the affected windows partition (/dev/sda1), the plug off power cord for 15 seconds trick, reinstalling GRUB, repairing the MFT and boot sector of the affected partition via testdisk, what next please? Thank you!

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• Transferring an SQL Processor License to a virtual hosted environment

  - by Andrew Shepherd

  My company is currently hosting a service in-house, and we want to move to an externally hosted environment. We would then be using a virtual server. I understand that this might be spread across multiple machines, but from my perspective as a customer, this layer is abstracted away - I shouldn't know or care about the hardware that the OS is hosted on. We have a licensed edition of SQL Server 2008. This is one Processor license. Will it be a violation of the licensing agreement to use this in a virtual environment. From the reference guide here it says When licensed Per Processor With Workgroup, Web, and Standard editions, for each server to which you have assigned the required number of per processor licenses, you may run, at any one time, any number of instances of the server software in physical and virtual operating system environments on the licensed server. However, the total number of physical and virtual processors used by those operating system environments cannot exceed the number of software licenses assigned to that server For enterprise edition there is an added option: if all physical processors in a machine have been licensed, then you may run unlimited instances of SQL server 2008 in one physical and an unlimited number of virtual operating environments on that same machine. I'm having trouble getting my head around this. Would I theoretically have to get a license for every processor in this virtual environment (which is effectively impossible because I have no way of knowing how many processors there actually are)? Or can I just say that it's hosted on one "virtual" server, so that's OK?

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• Why cache static files with Varnish, why not pass

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a system runnning nginx / php-fpm / varnish / wordpress and amazon s3. Now I have looked at a lot of configuration files while setting up the system, and in all of them I found something like this: /* If the request is for pictures, javascript, css, etc */ if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|css|js)$") { /* Remove the cookie and make the request static */ unset req.http.cookie; return (lookup); } I do not understand why this is done. Most of the examples also run NginX as a webserver. Now the question is, why would you use the varnish cache to cache these static files. It makes much more sense to me to only cache the dynamic files so that php-fpm / mysql don't get hit that much. Am I correct or am I missing something here? UPDATE I want to add some info to the question based on the answer given. If you have a dynamic website, where the content actually changes a lot, chaching does not make sense. But if you use WordPress for a static website for example, this can be cached for long periods of time. That said, more important to me is static conent. I have found a link with some test and benchmarks on different cache apps and webserver apps. http://nbonvin.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/apache-vs-nginx-vs-varnish-vs-gwan/ NginX is actually faster in getting your static content, so it makes more sense to just let it pass. NginX works great with static files. -- Apart from that, most of the time static content is not even in the webserver itself. Most of the time this content is stores on a CDN somewhere, maybe AWS S3, something like that. I think the varnish cache is the last place where you want to have you static content stored.

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• Cannot delete flash9.ocx

  - by Kara Marfia

  Some kinda voodoo, indeed. Bought a new boot drive, and it's time to use the old drive for data. I thought I'd save some time by just wiping the unneeded system folders, instead of backing up, formatting, and restoring. Wups! I have a single Adobe file that absolutely will not be deleted. G:\Windows\SysWOW64\Macromed\Flash\flash9.ocx - though it may have started with a different file name. I'm able to rename it, oddly enough. To be clear, the drive is currently plugged in externally. So I can boot the computer, plug this drive in afterward, and immediately attempt to delete. "File in use" box reads "the action can't be completed because the file is open in another program". I'd format at this point, but it's my white whale, and I have to know if Adobe has inserted some nasty little registry hack - or whatever it is - making this impossible. Since I'm sure it'll come up, I've taken ownership of the file - and this was the trick preventing me from deleting anything else on the drive - full rights on the file permissions, you name it, I've fiddled with the file itself. I'm about to try uninstalling flash from the system drive, in case that aligns the planets properly. Sometimes I wish I were less stubborn, and could just format already.

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• Virtualbox port forwarding with iptables

  - by jverdeyen

  I'm using a virtualmachine (virtualbox) as mailserver. The host is an Ubuntu 12.04 and the guest is an Ubuntu 10.04 system. At first I forwarded port 25 to 2550 on the host and added a port forward rule in VirtualBox from 2550 to 25 on the guest. This works for all ports needed for the mailserver. The guest has a host only connection and a NAT (with the port-forwarding). My mailserver was receiving and sending mail properly. But all connections are comming from the virtualbox internal ip, so every host connection is allowed, and that's not what I want. So.. I'm trying to skip the VirtualBox forwarding part and just forward port 25 to my host only ip of the guest system. I used these rules: iptables -F iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -j ACCEPT echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d xxx.host.ip.xxx --dport 25 -j DNAT --to 192.168.99.105:25 iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.168.99.0/24 -i vboxnet0 -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.99.0 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -L -n But after these changes I still can't connect with a simple telnet. (Which was possible with my first solution). The guest machine doesn't have any firewall. I only have one network interface on the host (eth0) and a host interface (vboxnet0). Any suggestions? Or should I go back to my old solution (which I don't really like). Edit: bridge mode isn't an option, I have only on IP available for the moment. Thanks!

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• Windows 7 starts getting sluggish over a few days

  - by munrobasher

  Myself and the other developer are running Windows 7 Enterprise 64 bit with 8GB RAM on different Gigabyte motherboards with Quad core Intel CPUs. Most of the time, it runs like a dream. We use VMware workstation a lot (hence the 8GB) and that works well. Except... now and then, after the PCs have been on for a few days, the whole system starts getting really sluggish doing certain tasks. The other's developer's system is far worse than mine with it taking up to a minute to launch IE. Today, mine has gone sluggish but nowhere near as bad. For example, normally when I click on a new tab in IE, it's instant. Today, there's an obvious delay. Right-clicking in this window to trigger iSpell is normally instant, right now it takes about five seconds. I've got resource monitor open on my second monitor and when I did that right-click, there was no obvious peak in CPU, disk or memory. A reboot does fix it so it does sound like a resource issue but haven't a clue what might be to blame. The two computers have similarities (same spec) but also differences (like motherboard, RAM & CPU models). So I guess the question is, any pointers on diagnosing why a PC is sluggish? What could cause such a right-click slow down in IE for example? It sounds like such a simple operation. NOTE: whilst typing this message alone, it was fine performance wise. I can click around the page no problem but right-click still is noticeable slow. Will reboot over lunch... Cheers, Rob.

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• Default IPv6 route on debian squeeze does not come up after boot

  - by Georg Bretschneider

  I have a problem with my default IPv6 route not coming up after boot on a Debian Squeeze system. This is my config (/etc/network/interfaces): # Loopback device: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface lo inet6 loopback # device: br0 auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 address 88.198.62.xx broadcast 88.198.62.63 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 88.198.62.33 up route add -net 88.198.62.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 88.198.62.33 br0 iface br0 inet6 static address 2a01:4f8:131:10x::2 netmask 64 gateway 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 up route -A inet6 add 2a01:4f8:131:100::1/59 dev br0 My inet comes up alright, but I have to exec the route command manually after boot to make IPv6 work. Otherwise I can't even reach my gateway. This is the output of ip -6 route show after boot: 2a01:4f8:131:10x::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 unreachable fe80::/64 dev lo proto kernel metric 256 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 I already tried it with: up ip -6 route add 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 dev br0 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 dev br0 in /etc/network/interfaces, but with the same results. If I execute those commands manually on my shell, everything starts working nicely. And yes, I tried with post-up instead of up, too. Only other changes I made was to activate ip forwarding for IPv6, because I want to run some LXC containers on that system.

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• How do I fix error 1303 during TI Connect install?

  - by smoth190

  I recently purchased a TI-84 Plus graphing calculator, and I'm trying install the TI Connect software in order to connect the calculator to my computer via the USB cable. Unfortunately, I'm getting this error while trying to install the program: Error 1303. The installation has insufficient privileges to access this directory: E:\Data\Timothy\Documents\MyTIData. The installation cannot continue. Log on as administrator or contact your system administrator. However, my account is the only account on my PC, and it has administrative privileges. I've also tried running the installer with Run as Administrator, but with no luck. If I create the folder MyTIData manually, I receive this error: Error 1317. An error occurred while attempting to create the directory: E:\Data\Timothy\Documents\MyTIData I've reapplied the security settings to the E:\Data folder (and all its sub-directories) to Full for my account. I've also gone into Computer Management, and given SYSTEM full privileges for the entire disk. I've also logged out, logged back in, restarted, etc. but still, no luck. Now, I should mention that my Documents folder is not at the default location. I changed it due to my C: disk being a 90GB SSD, so I moved all my personal data onto the extra storage disk (which is ~1TB). I don't know if that is causing the issue, but it can't hurt throwing it out there. So why can't I install this program? Google'ing the problem brings up this error for various other installers (such as Visual Studio and Microsoft Office), but nothing for TI Connect. All the solutions are the same: Give the folder Full privileges...but I've already done this! I've also tried running the installer with and without the calculator plugged in, but it didn't change anything. In the prompt that contains the error, repeatedly clicking Retry or waiting a few moments before clicking Retry also produces no result.

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• User authentication -- username mismatch in IIS in ASP.NET application

  - by Cory Larson

  Last week, an employee's Active Directory username was changed (or a new one was created for them). For the purposes of this example, let's assume these usernames: Old: Domain\11111 New: Domain\22222 When this user now logs in using their new username, and attempts to browse to any one of a number of ASP.NET applications using only Windows Authentication (no Anonymous enabled), the system authenticates but our next layer of database-driven permissions prevents them from being authorized. We tracked it down to a mismatch of usernames between their logon account and who IIS thinks they are. Below are the outputs of several ASP.NET variables from apps running in a Windows 2008 IIS7.5 environment: Request.ServerVariables["AUTH_TYPE"]: Negotiate Request.ServerVariables["AUTH_USER"]: Domain\11111 Request.ServerVariables["LOGON_USER"]: Domain\22222 Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_USER"]: Domain\11111 HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name: Domain\11111 System.Threading.Thread.CurrentPrincipal.Identity.Name: Domain\11111 From the above, I can see that only the LOGON_USER server variable has the correct value, which is the account the user used to log on to their machine. However, we use the "AUTH_USER" variable for looking up the database permissions. In a separate testing environment (completely different server: Windows 2003, IIS6), all of the above variables show "Domain\22222". So this seems to be a server-specific issue, like the credentials are somehow getting cached either on their machine or on the server (the former seems more plausible). So the question is: how do I confirm whether it's the user's machine or the server that is botching the request? How should I go about fixing this? I looked at the following two resources and will be giving the first one a try shortly: http://www.interworks.com/blogs/jvalente/2010/02/02/removing-saved-credentials-passwords-windows-xp-windows-vista-or-windows-7 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2325005/classic-asp-request-servervariableslogon-user-returning-wrong-username/5299080#5299080 Thanks.

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• Ubuntu server crashes; need help figuring how to figure out why

  - by neezer

  I have a 768 Slice at slicehost.com running Ubuntu Server 8.04.2 LTS (hardy) with a LAMP stack on it that periodically crashes, though why I am not sure. From what I can tell, there is a process that basically goes rogue and consumes all the memory on the slice, suffocating all the other programs running until the whole thing comes to a grinding halt, and I have to do a hard reboot of the slice to get it back up and running again. I can't detect any pattern for this (it seems to happen about once a month, more or less). Here's a screenshot of my console during the last crash: I would assume that a possible cause might a PHP script or an apache configuration rule that might cause the crash if triggered? How would I be able to find out which one is the offending one? I've checked and rechecked all my PHP scripts, and running them doesn't seem to trigger the crash. I've also been able to log on to my system during a crash and see what's running (with top), but I can't tell how the offending process was started, so I can't trace the root of the problem! I know my description is overly generic, but unfortunately my expertise in tracking down the source of these glitches is very limited. If you need any additional information about my system in order to help me figure this out, please let me know in the comments, and I will append it to the question. My only other lead as to the culprit here is Wordpress, which we have installed on this server. Here are the details: Wordpress 3.0.3 with the following plugins installed and activated: Addmarx - Bookmark/Share/Email Dropdown, Akismet, All in One SEO Pack, Animated Banners, Automatically publish highlights of any website, directly to your Blog, Broken Link Checker, CMS Dashboard, Collapsing Categories, Status Updater, SubHeading, Ultimate Google Analytics, VastSubCat, WP-CMS Post Control, and WP Super Cache

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• Standards for documenting/designing infrastructure

  - by Paul

  We have a moderately complex solution for which we need to construct a production environment. There are around a dozen components (and here I'm using a definition of "component" which means "can fail independently of other components" - e.g. an Apache server, a Weblogic web app, an ftp server, an ejabberd server, etc). There are a number of weblogic web apps - and one thing we need to decide is how many weblogic containers to run these web apps in. The system needs to be highly available, and communications in and out of the system are typically secured by SSL Our datacentre team will handle things like VLAN design, racking, server specification and build. So the kinds of decisions we still need to make are: How to map components to physical servers (and weblogic containers) Identify all communication paths, ensure all are either resilient or there's an "upstream" comms path that is resilient, and failover of that depends on all single-points of failure "downstream". Decide where to terminate SSL (on load balancers, or on Apache servers, for instance). My question isn't really about how to make the decisions, but whether there are any standards for documenting (especially in diagrams) the design questions and the design decisions. It seems odd, for instance, that Visio doesn't have a template for something like this - it has templates for more physical layout, and for more logical /software architecture diagrams. So right now I'm using a basic Visio diagram to represent each component, the commms between them with plans to augment this with hostnames, ports, whether each comms link is resilient etc, etc. This all feels like something that must been done many times before. Are there standards for documenting this?

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• External Storage for 2TB of backups and 4TB of data RAID level? HW vs Software?

  - by Jerry Mayers

  I have a Mac Mini set up as a media center/file server. Currently I just have a hodgepodge mess of external drives for storage. I'm maxed out, and I have some new laptops on the way with much larger drives and I need to work out a good storage solution for backing them up, as well as storing media on the server. I need around 2 TB of storage for the time machine backups from my various systems and around 2 TB more for media. I would like to build this to handle around 6 TB total so I have some growing room. Since I'm using a Mac Mini as the server I need to use external enclosure(s) that support USB 2 or Firewire 800 (preferred) or gigabit Ethernet. Performance of the system isn't a huge concern since the majority of the access from other computers is done over 802.11N. I plan on using 2TB drives, for the final version, but initially I'll try and use my existing 2 (1TB) drives + some new 2TB drives, and swap the 1TB ones out as I fill up. As to the actual questions: Should I use hardware RAID in some enclosure? Because if the enclosure dies I have to find an identical one to get to my data right? Wouldn't a software RAID be better as I can use any method of connecting the drives to the system? Remember OS X server is my OS. What if I had to reinstall OS X, can I restore the software RAID easily? What RAID version should I use? For the 2TB used for the time machine disk I don't see why I need RAID here, just a single 2TB drive since its already the backup, but for the remaining 4TB it would be the only copy of the data so I should build some redundancy. I had a RAID 5 setup using a cheep RAID PCI card years ago running RAID 5 in a 2 TB array and when a drive died it wanted 48 hours to rebuild. Is this crazy slow for a setup of this size or is this to be expected? Any suggestions as to drive enclosures?

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• Windows Update and lsass.exe

  - by David

  I have a brand new installation of Windows XP (SP1 or older). I installed Norton AntiVirus, Firefox, Putty, and Cygwin. No other software is present. Windows Update finds the following 64 updates: KB905760, KB978262, Internet Explorer 8, KB71961, KB954155, KB968816, KB923561, KB950762, KB949402, KB950974, KB951376, KB951748, KB952004, KB952954, KB955069, KB956572, KB956802, KB956803, KB956844, KB958470, KB958869, KB959426, KB960803, KB960859, KB961501, KB969059, KB970238, KB970238, KB971032, KB971468, KB971657, KB972270, KB973507, KB973815, KB973904, KB974112, KB974318, KB974392, KB975025, KB975560, KB975561, KB975713, .......) When these updates are applied, the system reboots to a black screen with two error messages. The first error message says: lsass.exe - Application Error The application failed to initialize properly (0xc00000142). Click on OK to terminate the application. The second error message says: services.exe - Application Error The application failed to initialize properly (0xc00000142). Click on OK to terminate the application. I then proceed to boot into Safe Mode, use System Restore, and everything works fine again until the 64 updates re-appear in Windows Update. I can see two options: disable Auto-Updates or install each of the 64 updates one at a time until finding the troublesome update. Does anyone have any better ideas?

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• Remote mouse pointer not visible in VNC

  - by aef

  I used VNC desktops as a kind of collaboration server, as shared planning and pair programming environment for a long time. Now my latest iteration uses a KVM guest running Fedora 17 "Beefy Miracle", the Cinnamon desktop environment and an X11VNC server. The X11VNC server is automatically started with the desktop environment using the following command: x11vnc -localhost -many -shared -display :0 -bg My problem is that depending on the VNC client, the mouse pointer of the remote system which is shown through VNC is not synchronized to my client. I really need this, so I can see what my partner is doing on the desktop. When using Vinagre 3.2.1 on Ubuntu Oneiric Ocelot (11.10) or Vinagre 2.3.0.3 on Debian Squeeze (6.0) and I don't have my local mouse pointer inside the VNC view, I cannot see the mouse pointer of my remote system, nor its movement. When using TightVNC on Windows 7, I can recognize a mouse pointer trace for very short amounts of time after moving the mouse, but it is not clearly visible. Using UltraVNC on Windows 7 the mouse pointer is clearly visible all the time. With Gnome 2 I never had any problems with remote pointer synchronization, using exactly the same clients. I suspect this could have something to do with Cinnamon's dependency on 3D acceleration. On the other hand, it doesn't change anything to start Cinnamon's fallback environment Cinnamon 2D. Update: Same effect when I use Gnome 3.

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• web.config file changings guide

  - by Student

  Hi experts how are you all? i am student, and learning asp.net c# visual studio 2010 with using sql server 2005. I have developed a website which has database. I developed this website with self studies taking help from internet. the website is completed and working perfectly in my computer. I have hosting server and domain name registered already. the problem is when I upload my website it doesn't work there the following error displays: Server Error in '/' Application. Configuration Error Description: An error occurred during the processing of a configuration file required to service this request. Please review the specific error details below and modify your configuration file appropriately. Parser Error Message: Unrecognized attribute 'targetFramework'. Note that attribute names are case-sensitive. Source Error: Line 11: <system.web> Line 12: <customErrors mode="Off" /> Line 13: <compilation debug="false" targetFramework="4.0"/> Line 14: </system.web> Line 15: </configuration> Source File: C:\Inetpub\vhosts\urdureport.com\httpdocs\web.config Line: 13 Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.5472; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.5474 I don't know what should I do to get it work on hosting server please help me in this regard that what should I do with this. Thank you in advance

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• Old scheduled task still being started, but can't find it.

  - by JvO

  System: Windows XP Home Summary: Some scheduled task is still being started by Windows, but I can't find it, nor determine where its configuration has been stored. This is turning into a mystery for me... I set up a Windows XP Home machine to run a task at 7:00 AM, using the Task manager. This was a clean install, no users defined, so you got straight to the desktop after starting the machine. The filesystem uses NTFS. Later on, I needed to introduce users, so I created one (named Sam) with administrator privileges. After this I noticed that the scheduled task failed, most likely due to privilege errors (i.e. can't write to a network drive). So I want to delete the old task, and add it again with the correct user credentials. However.... I can't find the old task!! I know it is still being executed at 7:00 AM, but there's no mention anywhere on the system of this task. I've looked in c:\windows\tasks for .job files, but there's only the "MP Scheduled Scan.job" from Security Essentials. I've searched the whole disk for mention of the batch file that is being run, but can't find it. So why is this old task still running, and more importantly, why can't I find it? Would it have something to do with introducing users on XP?

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• Outlook locking network connection/session?

  - by HaydnWVN

  Scenario: We have an 'automatic orders' machine sat in the corner running XP with Outlook 2003. Its job is to check for new emails on a specific account, when it encounters one it checks the e-mail body for specific wording to determine which customer it is from (using a macro), then it checks the attachment for specific order codes before parsing the attachment to create a .csv file (which is then e-mailed onto one of the sales team) before importing the .csv into our bespoke ERP/Sales Order system to create an order. Problem: Periodically the machine will have symptoms of a lost network connection (unable to connect to any network source). Sometimes after several days, sometimes over a week. Volume of emails/orders processed does not seem to be linked. Additional info: The machines .pst is stored on a mapped network location. The .csv created is stored on a mapped network location. This is a workgroup, not a domain. All network drives are Samba shares from an Ubuntu fileserver. Our bespoke system runs from a database (MySQL) Ubuntu server. Our troubleshooting so far: I have switched machines (previous was Win2000) with the same symptoms. Restarting the machine FIXES the problem. Closing Outlook and then end tasking an Outlook.exe background process FIXES the problem. If you close Outlook, without end taking the background process, outlook will not reopen (saying it cannot find the pst file & it will not open any network location). Does Outlook have some kind of 'max session' linking it to network activity that is not closing after a mail request? Could Auto-archive be causing this? Is there a tool to check/display what each outlook.exe process is doing? Have not found many ways to troubleshoot this yet, as it is so infrequent...

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