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• Creating a dynamic proxy generator – Part 1 – Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and cach

  - by SeanMcAlinden

  I’ve recently started a project with a few mates to learn the ins and outs of Dependency Injection, AOP and a number of other pretty crucial patterns of development as we’ve all been using these patterns for a while but have relied totally on third part solutions to do the magic. We thought it would be interesting to really get into the details by rolling our own IoC container and hopefully learn a lot on the way, and you never know, we might even create an excellent framework. The open source project is called Rapid IoC and is hosted at http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ One of the most interesting tasks for me is creating the dynamic proxy generator for enabling Aspect Orientated Programming (AOP). In this series of articles, I’m going to track each step I take for creating the dynamic proxy generator and I’ll try my best to explain what everything means - mainly as I’ll be using Reflection.Emit to emit a fair amount of intermediate language code (IL) to create the proxy types at runtime which can be a little taxing to read. It’s worth noting that building the proxy is without a doubt going to be slightly painful so I imagine there will be plenty of areas I’ll need to change along the way. Anyway lets get started…   Part 1 - Creating the Assembly builder, Module builder and caching mechanism Part 1 is going to be a really nice simple start, I’m just going to start by creating the assembly, module and type caches. The reason we need to create caches for the assembly, module and types is simply to save the overhead of recreating proxy types that have already been generated, this will be one of the important steps to ensure that the framework is fast… kind of important as we’re calling the IoC container ‘Rapid’ – will be a little bit embarrassing if we manage to create the slowest framework. The Assembly builder The assembly builder is what is used to create an assembly at runtime, we’re going to have two overloads, one will be for the actual use of the proxy generator, the other will be mainly for testing purposes as it will also save the assembly so we can use Reflector to examine the code that has been created. Here’s the code: DynamicAssemblyBuilder using System; using System.Reflection; using System.Reflection.Emit; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Assembly {     /// <summary>     /// Class for creating an assembly builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicAssemblyBuilder     {         #region Create           /// <summary>         /// Creates an assembly builder.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="assemblyName">Name of the assembly.</param>         public static AssemblyBuilder Create(string assemblyName)         {             AssemblyName name = new AssemblyName(assemblyName);               AssemblyBuilder assembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(                     name, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);               DynamicAssemblyCache.Add(assembly);               return assembly;         }           /// <summary>         /// Creates an assembly builder and saves the assembly to the passed in location.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="assemblyName">Name of the assembly.</param>         /// <param name="filePath">The file path.</param>         public static AssemblyBuilder Create(string assemblyName, string filePath)         {             AssemblyName name = new AssemblyName(assemblyName);               AssemblyBuilder assembly = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(                     name, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave, filePath);               DynamicAssemblyCache.Add(assembly);               return assembly;         }           #endregion     } }   So hopefully the above class is fairly explanatory, an AssemblyName is created using the passed in string for the actual name of the assembly. An AssemblyBuilder is then constructed with the current AppDomain and depending on the overload used, it is either just run in the current context or it is set up ready for saving. It is then added to the cache.   DynamicAssemblyCache using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Exceptions; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Resources.Exceptions;   namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Assembly {     /// <summary>     /// Cache for storing the dynamic assembly builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicAssemblyCache     {         #region Declarations           private static object syncRoot = new object();         internal static AssemblyBuilder Cache = null;           #endregion           #region Adds a dynamic assembly to the cache.           /// <summary>         /// Adds a dynamic assembly builder to the cache.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="assemblyBuilder">The assembly builder.</param>         public static void Add(AssemblyBuilder assemblyBuilder)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Cache = assemblyBuilder;             }         }           #endregion           #region Gets the cached assembly                  /// <summary>         /// Gets the cached assembly builder.         /// </summary>         /// <returns></returns>         public static AssemblyBuilder Get         {             get             {                 lock (syncRoot)                 {                     if (Cache != null)                     {                         return Cache;                     }                 }                   throw new RapidDynamicProxyAssertionException(AssertionResources.NoAssemblyInCache);             }         }           #endregion     } } The cache is simply a static property that will store the AssemblyBuilder (I know it’s a little weird that I’ve made it public, this is for testing purposes, I know that’s a bad excuse but hey…) There are two methods for using the cache – Add and Get, these just provide thread safe access to the cache.   The Module Builder The module builder is required as the create proxy classes will need to live inside a module within the assembly. Here’s the code: DynamicModuleBuilder using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Assembly; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Module {     /// <summary>     /// Class for creating a module builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicModuleBuilder     {         /// <summary>         /// Creates a module builder using the cached assembly.         /// </summary>         public static ModuleBuilder Create()         {             string assemblyName = DynamicAssemblyCache.Get.GetName().Name;               ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder = DynamicAssemblyCache.Get.DefineDynamicModule                 (assemblyName, string.Format("{0}.dll", assemblyName));               DynamicModuleCache.Add(moduleBuilder);               return moduleBuilder;         }     } } As you can see, the module builder is created on the assembly that lives in the DynamicAssemblyCache, the module is given the assembly name and also a string representing the filename if the assembly is to be saved. It is then added to the DynamicModuleCache. DynamicModuleCache using System.Reflection.Emit; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Exceptions; using Rapid.DynamicProxy.Resources.Exceptions; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Module {     /// <summary>     /// Class for storing the module builder.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicModuleCache     {         #region Declarations           private static object syncRoot = new object();         internal static ModuleBuilder Cache = null;           #endregion           #region Add           /// <summary>         /// Adds a dynamic module builder to the cache.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="moduleBuilder">The module builder.</param>         public static void Add(ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Cache = moduleBuilder;             }         }           #endregion           #region Get           /// <summary>         /// Gets the cached module builder.         /// </summary>         /// <returns></returns>         public static ModuleBuilder Get         {             get             {                 lock (syncRoot)                 {                     if (Cache != null)                     {                         return Cache;                     }                 }                   throw new RapidDynamicProxyAssertionException(AssertionResources.NoModuleInCache);             }         }           #endregion     } }   The DynamicModuleCache is very similar to the assembly cache, it is simply a statically stored module with thread safe Add and Get methods.   The DynamicTypeCache To end off this post, I’m going to create the cache for storing the generated proxy classes. I’ve spent a fair amount of time thinking about the type of collection I should use to store the types and have finally decided that for the time being I’m going to use a generic dictionary. This may change when I can actually performance test the proxy generator but the time being I think it makes good sense in theory, mainly as it pretty much maintains it’s performance with varying numbers of items – almost constant (0)1. Plus I won’t ever need to loop through the items which is not the dictionaries strong point. Here’s the code as it currently stands: DynamicTypeCache using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Text; namespace Rapid.DynamicProxy.Types {     /// <summary>     /// Cache for storing proxy types.     /// </summary>     internal static class DynamicTypeCache     {         #region Declarations           static object syncRoot = new object();         public static Dictionary<string, Type> Cache = new Dictionary<string, Type>();           #endregion           /// <summary>         /// Adds a proxy to the type cache.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="type">The type.</param>         /// <param name="proxy">The proxy.</param>         public static void AddProxyForType(Type type, Type proxy)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Cache.Add(GetHashCode(type.AssemblyQualifiedName), proxy);             }         }           /// <summary>         /// Tries the type of the get proxy for.         /// </summary>         /// <param name="type">The type.</param>         /// <returns></returns>         public static Type TryGetProxyForType(Type type)         {             lock (syncRoot)             {                 Type proxyType;                 Cache.TryGetValue(GetHashCode(type.AssemblyQualifiedName), out proxyType);                 return proxyType;             }         }           #region Private Methods           private static string GetHashCode(string fullName)         {             SHA1CryptoServiceProvider provider = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();             Byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(fullName);             Byte[] hash = provider.ComputeHash(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);             return Convert.ToBase64String(hash);         }           #endregion     } } As you can see, there are two public methods, one for adding to the cache and one for getting from the cache. Hopefully they should be clear enough, the Get is a TryGet as I do not want the dictionary to throw an exception if a proxy doesn’t exist within the cache. Other than that I’ve decided to create a key using the SHA1CryptoServiceProvider, this may change but my initial though is the SHA1 algorithm is pretty fast to put together using the provider and it is also very unlikely to have any hashing collisions. (there are some maths behind how unlikely this is – here’s the wiki if you’re interested http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA_hash_functions)   Anyway, that’s the end of part 1 – although I haven’t started any of the fun stuff (by fun I mean hairpulling, teeth grating Relfection.Emit style fun), I’ve got the basis of the DynamicProxy in place so all we have to worry about now is creating the types, interceptor classes, method invocation information classes and finally a really nice fluent interface that will abstract all of the hard-core craziness away and leave us with a lightning fast, easy to use AOP framework. Hope you find the series interesting. All of the source code can be viewed and/or downloaded at our codeplex site - http://rapidioc.codeplex.com/ Kind Regards, Sean.

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• Curious about IObservable? Here’s a quick example to get you started!

  - by Roman Schindlauer

  Have you heard about IObservable/IObserver support in Microsoft StreamInsight 1.1? Then you probably want to try it out. If this is your first incursion into the IObservable/IObserver pattern, this blog post is for you! StreamInsight 1.1 introduced the ability to use IEnumerable and IObservable objects as event sources and sinks. The IEnumerable case is pretty straightforward, since many data collections are already surfacing as this type. This was already covered by Colin in his blog. Creating your own IObservable event source is a little more involved but no less exciting – here is a primer: First, let’s look at a very simple Observable data source. All it does is publish an integer in regular time periods to its registered observers. (For more information on IObservable, see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd990377.aspx ). sealed class RandomSubject : IObservable<int>, IDisposable {     private bool _done;     private readonly List<IObserver<int>> _observers;     private readonly Random _random;     private readonly object _sync;     private readonly Timer _timer;     private readonly int _timerPeriod;       /// <summary>     /// Random observable subject. It produces an integer in regular time periods.     /// </summary>     /// <param name="timerPeriod">Timer period (in milliseconds)</param>     public RandomSubject(int timerPeriod)     {         _done = false;         _observers = new List<IObserver<int>>();         _random = new Random();         _sync = new object();         _timer = new Timer(EmitRandomValue);         _timerPeriod = timerPeriod;         Schedule();     }       public IDisposable Subscribe(IObserver<int> observer)     {         lock (_sync)         {             _observers.Add(observer);         }         return new Subscription(this, observer);     }       public void OnNext(int value)     {         lock (_sync)         {             if (!_done)             {                 foreach (var observer in _observers)                 {                     observer.OnNext(value);                 }             }         }     }       public void OnError(Exception e)     {         lock (_sync)         {             foreach (var observer in _observers)             {                 observer.OnError(e);             }             _done = true;         }     }       public void OnCompleted()     {         lock (_sync)         {             foreach (var observer in _observers)             {                 observer.OnCompleted();             }             _done = true;         }     }       void IDisposable.Dispose()     {         _timer.Dispose();     }       private void Schedule()     {         lock (_sync)         {             if (!_done)             {                 _timer.Change(_timerPeriod, Timeout.Infinite);             }         }     }       private void EmitRandomValue(object _)     {         var value = (int)(_random.NextDouble() * 100);         Console.WriteLine("[Observable]\t" + value);         OnNext(value);         Schedule();     }       private sealed class Subscription : IDisposable     {         private readonly RandomSubject _subject;         private IObserver<int> _observer;           public Subscription(RandomSubject subject, IObserver<int> observer)         {             _subject = subject;             _observer = observer;         }           public void Dispose()         {             IObserver<int> observer = _observer;             if (null != observer)             {                 lock (_subject._sync)                 {                     _subject._observers.Remove(observer);                 }                 _observer = null;             }         }     } }   So far, so good. Now let’s write a program that consumes data emitted by the observable as a stream of point events in a Streaminsight query. First, let’s define our payload type: class Payload {     public int Value { get; set; }       public override string ToString()     {         return "[StreamInsight]\tValue: " + Value.ToString();     } }   Now, let’s write the program. First, we will instantiate the observable subject. Then we’ll use the ToPointStream() method to consume it as a stream. We can now write any query over the source - here, a simple pass-through query. class Program {     static void Main(string[] args)     {         Console.WriteLine("Starting observable source...");         using (var source = new RandomSubject(500))         {             Console.WriteLine("Started observable source.");             using (var server = Server.Create("Default"))             {                 var application = server.CreateApplication("My Application");                   var stream = source.ToPointStream(application,                     e => PointEvent.CreateInsert(DateTime.Now, new Payload { Value = e }),                     AdvanceTimeSettings.StrictlyIncreasingStartTime,                     "Observable Stream");                   var query = from e in stream                             select e;                   [...]   We’re done with consuming input and querying it! But you probably want to see the output of the query. Did you know you can turn a query into an observable subject as well? Let’s do precisely that, and exploit the Reactive Extensions for .NET (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/devlabs/ee794896.aspx) to quickly visualize the output. Notice we’re subscribing “Console.WriteLine()” to the query, a pattern you may find useful for quick debugging of your queries. Reminder: you’ll need to install the Reactive Extensions for .NET (Rx for .NET Framework 4.0), and reference System.CoreEx and System.Reactive in your project.                 [...]                   Console.ReadLine();                 Console.WriteLine("Starting query...");                 using (query.ToObservable().Subscribe(Console.WriteLine))                 {                     Console.WriteLine("Started query.");                     Console.ReadLine();                     Console.WriteLine("Stopping query...");                 }                 Console.WriteLine("Stopped query.");             }             Console.ReadLine();             Console.WriteLine("Stopping observable source...");             source.OnCompleted();         }         Console.WriteLine("Stopped observable source.");     } }   We hope this blog post gets you started. And for bonus points, you can go ahead and rewrite the observable source (the RandomSubject class) using the Reactive Extensions for .NET! The entire sample project is attached to this article. Happy querying! Regards, The StreamInsight Team

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• osx snow leopard freezes

  - by lydonchandra

  Hi I got this error: Timexxxx In 'CFPasteboardCopyData', file /SourceCache/CF/CF-550.13/AppServices.subproj/CFPasteboard.c, line 1951, during lock, spin lock 0x15457a0c8 has value 0xf0000000, which is neither locked nor unlocked. The memory has been smashed. My Mac freezes except the mouse and keyboard. What is happening and how can I prevent this from happening in the future?

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• Cannot Start Nginx Compiled from Source

  - by Jason Alan Kennedy

  I am trying to compile Nginx from source based on the original compiled Nginx server running on my DigitalOcean server ( Ubuntu-14.04 64x ) but with a few extra modules. I can get everything installed smoothly but I can not get it to start. I am sure the ini is correct because I copied the original source off the current running Nginx server [ Even though I see that Nginx now adds the ini when compiling fron source ]. Below is the [ lengthy process ] that I am performing - add sorry but I wanted to be thorough for those who are in need of the info ]. Because I am a newB to Nginx, I am sure I am missing something or just have it all wrong. If you may look over what I have done and see if you spot anything I need/need to change, I will greatly appreciate it. Thnx! With the original Nginx server still running: I check the current/running Nginx configuration so I can build the new Nginx instance the same but with the added modules: nginx -V # The out-put: configure arguments: --with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro' --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --with-debug --with-pcre-jit --with-ipv6 --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module NOTE: The configure arguments below return errors during 'make' so I removed them. I don't know what they are - could this be related to my issue??? --with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro' Moving on: # So I don't have to sudo every line: sudo bash # Check for updates first thing: apt-get update # Install various prerequisites needed to compile Nginx: apt-get install build-essential libgd2-xpm-dev lsb-base zlib1g-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libbz2-dev libxslt1-dev libxml2 libssl-dev libgeoip-dev tar unzip openssl # Create System users [ if it doesn't exist - but I see its there on DigitalOceans' Droplets all-ready ]: adduser --system --no-create-home --disabled-login --disabled-password --group www-data # Download NGINX wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.4.tar.gz tar -xvzf nginx-1.7.4.tar.gz # Then Google PageSpeed: wget https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/archive/release-1.8.31.4-beta.zip unzip release-1.8.31.4-beta.zip # cd into the PageSpeed Directory cd ngx_pagespeed-release-1.8.31.4-beta/ # and add the PSOL files in there: wget https://dl.google.com/dl/page-speed/psol/1.8.31.4.tar.gz tar -xzvf 1.8.31.4.tar.gz # Get back to the root directory: cd # I add the ngx_cache_purge module and will install the Nginx Helper plugin for WP later: wget https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/2.1.zip unzip 2.1.zip # Add the headers-more-nginx-module: wget https://github.com/openresty/headers-more-nginx-module/archive/v0.25.zip unzip v0.25.zip # and the naxsi module for added security: wget https://github.com/nbs-system/naxsi/archive/0.53-2.tar.gz tar -xvzf 0.53-2.tar.gz # cd to the new Nginx directory cd nginx-1.7.4 # Set up the configuration build based on the current running Nginx config args and add my additional modules: ./configure \ --add-module=$HOME/naxsi-0.53-2/naxsi_src \ --prefix=/usr/share/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi \ --user=www-data \ --group=www-data \ --with-debug \ --with-pcre-jit \ --with-ipv6 \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_geoip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_image_filter_module \ --with-http_spdy_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_xslt_module \ --with-mail \ --with-mail_ssl_module \ --add-module=$HOME/ngx_pagespeed-release-1.8.31.4-beta \ --add-module=$HOME/ngx_cache_purge-2.1 \ --add-module=$HOME/headers-more-nginx-module-0.25 [ENTER] Configuration Summary: Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + using system OpenSSL library + md5: using OpenSSL library + sha1: using OpenSSL library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: "/usr/share/nginx" nginx binary file: "/usr/share/nginx/sbin/nginx" nginx configuration prefix: "/etc/nginx" nginx configuration file: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" nginx pid file: "/run/nginx.pid" nginx error log file: "/var/log/nginx/error.log" nginx http access log file: "/var/log/nginx/access.log" nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/body" nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/proxy" nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi" nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi" nginx http scgi temporary files: "/var/lib/nginx/scgi" Next step: I cd to root and I check the old Nginx folder locations and double checked the 'make' output to see that they are the same: whereis nginx #Output: nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx NOTE: Not sure about the '/usr/sbin/nginx' - Possible issue??? Next I copy the old /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, /etc/nginx/sites-available/default, /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default, /etc/init.d/nginx to a text file locally for safe keeping to use in the new Nginx server. Then stop the running Nginx server: service nginx stop , verify it's stopped: service --status-all and the output is: [ - ] nginx To verify that there are two Nginx directories, I cd to: cd nginx* and the output is an error indicating there are two nginx folders - Cool Beans! :) Now Install the new Nginx server: cd nginx-1.7.4 make install # INSTALL OUTPUT ######################################## make -f objs/Makefile install make[1]: Entering directory `/home/walkingfish/nginx-1.7.4' test -d '/usr/share/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/share/nginx' test -d '/usr/share/nginx/sbin' || mkdir -p '/usr/share/nginx/sbin' test ! -f '/usr/share/nginx/sbin/nginx' || mv '/usr/share/nginx/sbin/nginx' '/usr/share/nginx/sbin/nginx.old' cp objs/nginx '/usr/share/nginx/sbin/nginx' test -d '/etc/nginx' || mkdir -p '/etc/nginx' cp conf/koi-win '/etc/nginx' cp conf/koi-utf '/etc/nginx' cp conf/win-utf '/etc/nginx' test -f '/etc/nginx/mime.types' || cp conf/mime.types '/etc/nginx' cp conf/mime.types '/etc/nginx/mime.types.default' test -f '/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params' || cp conf/fastcgi_params '/etc/nginx' cp conf/fastcgi_params '/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params.default' test -f '/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf' || cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/etc/nginx' cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf.default' test -f '/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params' || cp conf/uwsgi_params '/etc/nginx' cp conf/uwsgi_params '/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params.default' test -f '/etc/nginx/scgi_params' || cp conf/scgi_params '/etc/nginx' cp conf/scgi_params '/etc/nginx/scgi_params.default' test -f '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf' || cp conf/nginx.conf '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf' cp conf/nginx.conf '/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default' test -d '/run' || mkdir -p '/run' test -d '/var/log/nginx' || mkdir -p '/var/log/nginx' test -d '/usr/share/nginx/html' || cp -R html '/usr/share/nginx' test -d '/var/log/nginx' || mkdir -p '/var/log/nginx' ######################################################### I copy/create the files that I saved earlier to txt files in sites-available, the config, default and ini files then symlink them to sites-enabled, and so on. And now to start the server: service nginx start And this is where s#!+ hits the fan - Nada. I check to see if Nginx is running with service --status-all and its not. Also with nginx -V and its not installed??? I reboot the system too and still nothing. So I am not sure what is wrong here. The ini was copied over from the old server along with all the other config files after deleting the old files. When I opened the new compiled files, the nginx default data was present so I replaced them with my old original data prior to starting the new server for the first time. Also to be safe, I rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default and symlinked with ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default with no errors and I verified that the data was in the sites-enabled/default file. I don't think the server really/fully installed because of the nginx -V result: The program 'nginx' can be found in the following packages: * nginx-core * nginx-extras * nginx-full * nginx-light * nginx-naxsi Try: apt-get install <selected package> Do/should I apt-get install nginx-1.7.4 ?? Or what package do I use being that its a custom package and make install earlier did nothing?? If you need to see the conf files I copied over from the old to the custom server, LMK and I'll post them. Again your help here would be appreciated!

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• Mac OS Snow Leopard freezes

  - by lydonchandra

  I got this error: Timexxxx In 'CFPasteboardCopyData', file /SourceCache/CF/CF-550.13/AppServices.subproj/CFPasteboard.c, line 1951, during lock, spin lock 0x15457a0c8 has value 0xf0000000, which is neither locked nor unlocked. The memory has been smashed. My Mac freezes except the mouse and keyboard. What is happening and how can I prevent this from happening in the future?

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• Explanation of the init.d/scripts Fedora

  - by Shahmir Javaid

  Below is a copy of vsftpd, i need some explanations of some of the scripts mentioned below in this script: #!/bin/bash # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: vsftpd # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog # Short-Description: Very Secure Ftp Daemon # Description: vsftpd is a Very Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from # scratch ### END INIT INFO # vsftpd This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # standalone vsftpd. # # chkconfig: - 60 50 # description: Vsftpd is a ftp daemon, which is the program \ # that answers incoming ftp service requests. # processname: vsftpd # config: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network RETVAL=0 prog="vsftpd" start() { # Start daemons. # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 if [ -d /etc/vsftpd ] ; then CONFS=`ls /etc/vsftpd/*.conf 2>/dev/null` [ -z "$CONFS" ] && exit 6 for i in $CONFS; do site=`basename $i .conf` echo -n $"Starting $prog for $site: " daemon /usr/sbin/vsftpd $i RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog break else if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then RETVAL=0 break fi fi done else RETVAL=1 fi return $RETVAL } stop() { # Stop daemons. echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: " killproc $prog RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog return $RETVAL } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart|reload) stop start RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart|try-restart|force-reload) if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog ]; then stop start RETVAL=$? fi ;; status) status $prog RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|try-restart|force-reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL Question I What the hell is the difference between the && and || signs in the below commands, and is it just an easy way to do a simple if check or is it completely different to a if[..something..]; then ..something.. fi: # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 1 [ -x /usr/sbin/vsftpd ] || exit 1 Question II i get what -eq and -gt is (equal to, greater than) but is there a simple website that explains what -x, -d and -f are? Any help would be apreciated Running Fedora 12 on my OS. Script copied from /etc/init.d/vsftpd Question III It says required starts are $local_fs $network $named $remote_fs $syslog but i cant see any where it checks for those.

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• Backing up MySQL DB wtih mixture of innodb and myisam tables

  - by madphp

  I have a large database (almost 1GB) and it has a mixture of innodb and myisam tables. Does anyone have any general tips when backing it up or more specifically the commands i should send to mysqldump. I see that i should lock myisam tables, and that single transactions for innodb, but what if i have both. Also, what is actually happening when i lock an entire (very big) table on a production database.

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• Change Logon DPI setting in Windows 8.1

  - by jmc302005

  I love how M$ keeps making decisions for me about how I want my desktop to look. Now they have added per-user dpi settings. The problem this has created is that there is no adjustable dpi setting for the Lock/Logon screen. Let me explain. you can change the dpi setting to be the same across all displays and this does affect the icons and font on the lock/logon screen. However it does not affect any app/program that can run on the lock/logon screen. Ex. I use a 44" flat screen tv for my monitor on my desktop. Big enough for me to sit in my recliner and use my comp. But I don't have a wireless keyboard. And it sucks having the wire from the keyboard running across the floor. Plus I really don't want to keep a keyboard next to me. So I use the on screen keyboard for logging in and quick typing (search, web address, etc.) So the problem is that with the new dpi setup my on screen keyboard takes up nearly half the screen. Does M$ think we are all blind? Oh no I remember they think desktops should look like tablets and phones. I tried looking through the registry to see if I could find a setting for it. In the key HKEY_USERS.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop there is a string value named "LogicalDPIOverride" with a value of -1. I have a feeling this is where I can fix the issue. I tried changing the value to 0 and to 1 with no change in the result. Instead I noticed that after logging out and back in the -1 value was back in the registry. So now M$ has also added a way for us to not be able to change a setting in the registry. They are making it harder and harder for us power users to be able to do anything with the settings in windows. Soon we will all have the same exact Windows with absolutely no customization. ok sorry for the quick rant. The real question here is. How can I change this defualt dpi crap? Can I use the LogPixels string that worked for dpi in Windows 7? Here are 2 Screen shots 1 of the Lock Screen and 1 of the Logon Screen http://i.imgur.com/6RM5ufE.jpg http://i.imgur.com/cnY5bmm.jpg Please any help will be appreciated.

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• A proper way to create non-interactive accounts?

  - by AndreyT

  In order to use password-protected file sharing in a basic home network I want to create a number of non-interactive user accounts on a Windows 8 Pro machine in addition to the existing set of interactive accounts. The users that corresponds to those extra accounts will not use this machine interactively, so I don't want their accounts to be available for logon and I don't want their names to appear on welcome screen. In older versions of Windows Pro (up to Windows 7) I did this by first creating the accounts as members of "Users" group, and then including them into "Deny logon locally" list in Local Security Policy settings. This always had the desired effect. However, my question is whether this is the right/best way to do it. The reason I'm asking is that even though this method works in Windows 8 Pro as well, it has one little quirk: interactive users from "User" group are still able to see these extra user names when they go to the Metro screen and hit their own user name in the top-right corner (i.e. open "Sign out/Lock" menu). The command list that drops out contains "Sign out" and "Lock" commands as well as the names of other users (for "switch user" functionality). For some reason that list includes the extra users from "Deny logon locally" list. It is interesting to note that this happens when the current user belongs to "Users" group, but it does not happen when the current user is from "Administrators". For example, let's say I have three accounts on the machine: "Administrator" (from "Administrators", can logon locally), "A" (from "Users", can logon locally), "B" (from "Users", denied logon locally). When "Administrator" is logged in, he can only see user "A" listed in his Metro "Sign out/Lock" menu, i.e. all works as it should. But when user "A" is logged in, he can see both "Administrator" and user "B" in his "Sign out/Lock" menu. Expectedly, in the above example trying to switch from user "A" to user "B" by hitting "B" in the menu does not work: Windows jumps to welcome screen that lists only "Administrator" and "A". Anyway, on the surface this appears to be an interface-level bug in Windows 8. However, I'm wondering if going through "Deny logon locally" setting is the right way to do it in Windows 8. Is there any other way to create a hidden non-interactive user account?

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• Delete set of files using find command

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Background Delete a set of files, scattered across different directories. Problem The following code does not work (the unescaped | causes issues); for %i in (dir /s/b | find "lock") do echo del %i Question Without writing a batch file, how would you delete all files named "lock" (i.e., found using the find command) within the current directory and all subdirectories (including hidden directories)? Thank you!

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• pre-commit hook in svn: could not be translated from the native locale to UTF-8

  - by Alexandre Moraes

  Hi everybody, I have a problem with my pre-commit hook. This hook test if a file is locked when the user commits. When a bad condition happens, it should output that the another user is locking this file or if nobody is locking, it should show "you are not locking this file message (file´s name)". The error happens when the file´s name has some latin character like "ç" and tortoise show me this in the output. Commit failed (details follow): Commit blocked by pre-commit hook (exit code 1) with output: [Erro output could not be translated from the native locale to UTF-8.] Do you know how can I solve this? Thanks, Alexandre My shell script is here: #!/bin/sh REPOS="$1" TXN="$2" export LANG="en_US.UTF-8" /app/svn/hooks/ensure-has-need-lock.pl "$REPOS" "$TXN" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then exit 1; fi exit 0 And my perl is here: !/usr/bin/env perl #Turn on warnings the best way depending on the Perl version. BEGIN { if ( $] >= 5.006_000) { require warnings; import warnings; } else { $^W = 1; } } use strict; use Carp; &usage unless @ARGV == 2; my $repos = shift; my $txn = shift; my $svnlook = "/usr/local/bin/svnlook"; my $user; my $ok = 1; foreach my $program ($svnlook) { if (-e $program) { unless (-x $program) { warn "$0: required program $program' is not executable, ", "edit $0.\n"; $ok = 0; } } else { warn "$0: required program $program' does not exist, edit $0.\n"; $ok = 0; } } exit 1 unless $ok; unless (-e $repos){ &usage("$0: repository directory $repos' does not exist."); } unless (-d $repos){ &usage("$0: repository directory $repos' is not a directory."); } foreach my $user_tmp (&read_from_process($svnlook, 'author', $repos, '-t', $txn)) { $user = $user_tmp; } my @errors; foreach my $transaction (&read_from_process($svnlook, 'changed', $repos, '-t', $txn)){ if ($transaction =~ /^U. (.*[^\/])$/){ my $file = $1; my $err = 0; foreach my $locks (&read_from_process($svnlook, 'lock', $repos, $file)){ $err = 1; if($locks=~ /Owner: (.*)/){ if($1 != $user){ push @errors, "$file : You are not locking this file!"; } } } if($err==0){ push @errors, "$file : You are not locking this file!"; } } elsif($transaction =~ /^D. (.*[^\/])$/){ my $file = $1; my $tchan = &read_from_process($svnlook, 'lock', $repos, $file); foreach my $locks (&read_from_process($svnlook, 'lock', $repos, $file)){ push @errors, "$1 : cannot delete locked Files"; } } elsif($transaction =~ /^A. (.*[^\/])$/){ my $needs_lock; my $path = $1; foreach my $prop (&read_from_process($svnlook, 'proplist', $repos, '-t', $txn, '--verbose', $path)){ if ($prop =~ /^\s*svn:needs-lock : (\S+)/){ $needs_lock = $1; } } if (not $needs_lock){ push @errors, "$path : svn:needs-lock is not set. Pleas ask TCC for support."; } } } if (@errors) { warn "$0:\n\n", join("\n", @errors), "\n\n"; exit 1; } else { exit 0; } sub usage { warn "@_\n" if @_; die "usage: $0 REPOS TXN-NAME\n"; } sub safe_read_from_pipe { unless (@_) { croak "$0: safe_read_from_pipe passed no arguments.\n"; } print "Running @_\n"; my $pid = open(SAFE_READ, '-|'); unless (defined $pid) { die "$0: cannot fork: $!\n"; } unless ($pid) { open(STDERR, ">&STDOUT") or die "$0: cannot dup STDOUT: $!\n"; exec(@_) or die "$0: cannot exec @_': $!\n"; } my @output; while (<SAFE_READ>) { chomp; push(@output, $_); } close(SAFE_READ); my $result = $?; my $exit = $result >> 8; my $signal = $result & 127; my $cd = $result & 128 ? "with core dump" : ""; if ($signal or $cd) { warn "$0: pipe from @_' failed $cd: exit=$exit signal=$signal\n"; } if (wantarray) { return ($result, @output); } else { return $result; } } sub read_from_process { unless (@_) { croak "$0: read_from_process passed no arguments.\n"; } my ($status, @output) = &safe_read_from_pipe(@_); if ($status) { if (@output) { die "$0: @_' failed with this output:\n", join("\n", @output), "\n"; } else { die "$0: @_' failed with no output.\n"; } } else { return @output; } }

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• xl2tpd[845]: parse_config: line 13: data 'ipsec sared=yes' occurs with no context

  - by mmc18

  When I executed xl2tpd I amhaving following error. # xl2tpd -D xl2tpd[845]: parse_config: line 13: data 'ipsec sared=yes' occurs with no context xl2tpd[845]: init: Unable to load config file When I remove the "line 13" I having same error with "Line 14" thefore I do not think that the problem is about "ipsec sared" Here is my configuration file xl2tpd.conf. LINUX Ubuntu 12.0.4 ;Openswan IPsec 2.6.37; xl2tpd version: xl2tpd-1.3.1 ; [global] ipsec sared=yes listen-addr=47.168.137.27 ; [lns default] ip range = 192.168.1.10-192.168.1.20 local ip = 192.168.1.1 require chap = yes refuse pap = yes require authentication = yes ppp debug = yes pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd length bit = yes name=LinuxIPSECVPN ANSWER:(since have not enough reputation I am writting it over here.) removing the ";" character at the beginning of [global] and [lns default] have solved the issue. At fist I tought that [global] and[lns default] were just a comment.

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• Jar not found when executing class

  - by Simon

  Hi there, I'm working through the ANTLR book and there are many examples that should be easy to compile using the command line. Some information to get te problem: antlr-3.2.jar contains the ANTLR classes. I added the antlr-3.2.jar to the CLASSPATH environment variable (Windows 7) and when compiling the classes with javac everything works fine. This is what i execute to compile my program: javac Test.java ExprLexer.java ExprParser.java Test.java contains my main()-method whereas ExprLexer and ExprParser are generated by ANTLR. All three classes use classes contained in the antlr-3.2.jar. But so far so good. As I just said, compiling works fine. It's when I try to execute the Test.class that I get trouble. This is what I type: java -cp ./ Test When executing this, the interpreter tells me that he can't find the ANTLR-classes contained in the antlr-3.2.jar, altough I added an entry in the CLASSPATH variable. E:\simone\Programmierung\Language Processing Tools\ANTLR\Book Samples and Exercises\Exercise\1\output\Test.java Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/antlr/runtime/Cha rStream Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.antlr.runtime.CharStream at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) Could not find the main class: Test. Program will exit. I'm using Windows 7 and Java 1.6_20. Can someone tell what is going on? Why will the interpreter not look in the jar-Archive I specified in the CLASSPATH? I found some kind of workaroud. I copied the antlr-3.2.jar into the directory where the Test.class is located and then executed: java -cp ./;antlr-3.2.jar Test This worked out. But I don't want to type the jar-Archive everytime I execute my test programs. Is there a possibility to tell the interpreter that he should automatically look into the archive?

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• How do DP and CC change in Piet?

  - by Paul Butcher

  According to the specification, Black colour blocks and the edges of the program restrict program flow. If the Piet interpreter attempts to move into a black block or off an edge, it is stopped and the CC is toggled. The interpreter then attempts to move from its current block again. If it fails a second time, the DP is moved clockwise one step. These attempts are repeated, with the CC and DP being changed between alternate attempts. If after eight attempts the interpreter cannot leave its current colour block, there is no way out and the program terminates. Unless I'm reading it incorrectly, this is at odds with the behaviour of the Fibonacci sequence example here: http://www.dangermouse.net/esoteric/piet/fibbig1.gif (from: http://www.dangermouse.net/esoteric/piet/samples.html) Specifically, why does the DP turn left at (0,3) ((0,0) being (top, left)) when it hits the left edge? At this point, both DP and CC are LEFT, so, by my reading, the sequence should then be: Attempt (and fail) to leave the block by going off the edge at (0,4), Toggle CC to RIGHT, Attempt (and fail) to leave the block by going off the edge at (0,2). Rotate DP to UP, Attempt (and succeed) to leave the block at (1,2) by entering the white block at (1,1) The behaviour indicated by the trace seems to be that DP gets rotated all the way, leaving CC at LEFT. What have I misunderstood?

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• Python beginner having trouble running code

  - by Protean

  For some reason this code will not seem to run in the interpreter. When I hit F5 nothing happens, not even the debugger seems to recognize it. I assume it has something to do with the class, as when removed the interpreter seems to recognize the rest of the code. Please tell me what I am doing wrong. Edit: I have restarted the interpreter multiple times, any other piece of code I try to load runs fine, just this one is having trouble. print ('Why won't this work?') class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] self.globali = 0 self.orderi = 0 self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self, array): carry, leave = [] for arrayi in array: print ('run', arrayi) if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: leave.append(arrayi) return carry, leave def srt(self, array): globalii = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(array) while len(self.sortedlist) != len(array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(carry) arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(arrayt) elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort(arrayt) else: self.arrayt globalii += 1 self.orderi = globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort(arrayt) self.orderi = 0 else: arrayt = carry carry = [] self.globali += 1 carry, leave += my.sort(arrayt) my = sorting_class() x = ['ac', 'bc' ,'ab', 'da'] my.srt(x)

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• A question about some code from TBB book, Thanks.

  - by Jackie

  I am reading the book: Intel Threading Building Blocks. I often have difficulties understanding them. For example,the following code is from the book(page 112): Node* AllocateNode() { Node* n; FreeListMutexType::scoped_lock lock; lock.acquire(FreeListMutex); n=FreeList; if(n) Freelist=n->next; lock.release(); if(!n) n=new Node(); return n; } There is other introduction regarding this code. I can not understand it. What does it means? How can I understand this book better? Thanks.

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• MySQL configuration that allows for locking many tables?

  - by Floyd Bonne

  I need to do a MySQLDump on a DB with ~700 tables and when I try with my current configuration, I get an error: mysqldump: Got error: 1016: Can't open file: './my_db/content_node_field_instance.frm' (errno: 24) when using LOCK TABLES Searching around I've found that this happens because it tries to lock all tables and fails because they are "too many". I know I can try lock-tables=no and get a dump, but this way my DB might be in an inconsistent state. So, does anyone know what is the MySQL configuration setting I need to change in order to be able to do the locking I need? I'm running 5.1.37-1ubuntu5.1 with MyISAM. Thanks!

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• Monitor.Wait, Pulse - When worker thread should conditionally behave as an actual worker thread

  - by Griever

  My particular scenario: - Main thread starts a worker thread. - Main thread needs to block itself until either worker thread is completed (yeah funny) or worker thread itself informs main thread to go on Alright, so what I did in main thread: wokerThread.Start(lockObj); lock(lockObj) Monitor.Wait(lockObj); Somewhere in worker thread: if(mainThreadShouldGoOn) lock(lockObj) Monitor.Pulse(lockObj); Also, at the end of worker thread: lock(lockObj) Monitor.Pulse(lockObj); So far, it's working perfect. But is it a good solution? Is there a better one?

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• Javascript Closures - What are the negatives?

  - by vol7ron

  Question: There seem to be many benefits to Closures, but what are the negatives (memory leakage? obfuscation problems? bandwidth increasage?)? Additionally, is my understanding of Closures correct? Finally, once closures are created, can they be destroyed? I've been reading a little bit about Javascript Closures. I hope someone a little more knowledgeable will guide my assertions, correcting me where wrong. Benefits of Closures: Encapsulate the variables to a local scope, by using an internal function. The anonymity of the function is insignificant. What I've found helpful is to do some basic testing, regarding local/global scope: <script type="text/javascript"> var global_text = ""; var global_count = 0; var global_num1 = 10; var global_num2 = 20; var global_num3 = 30; function outerFunc() { var local_count = local_count || 0; alert("global_num1: " + global_num1); // global_num1: undefined var global_num1 = global_num1 || 0; alert("global_num1: " + global_num1); // global_num1: 0 alert("global_num2: " + global_num2); // global_num2: 20 global_num2 = global_num2 || 0; // (notice) no definition with 'var' alert("global_num2: " + global_num2); // global_num2: 20 global_num2 = 0; alert("local_count: " + local_count); // local_count: 0 function output() { global_num3++; alert("local_count: " + local_count + "\n" + "global_count: " + global_count + "\n" + "global_text: " + global_text ); local_count++; } local_count++; global_count++; return output; } var myFunc = outerFunc(); myFunc(); /* Outputs: ********************** * local_count: 1 * global_count: 1 * global_text: **********************/ global_text = "global"; myFunc(); /* Outputs: ********************** * local_count: 2 * global_count: 1 * global_text: global **********************/ var local_count = 100; myFunc(); /* Outputs: ********************** * local_count: 3 * global_count: 1 * global_text: global **********************/ alert("global_num1: " + global_num1); // global_num1: 10 alert("global_num2: " + global_num2); // global_num2: 0 alert("global_num3: " + global_num3); // global_num3: 33 </script> Interesting things I took out of it: The alerts in outerFunc are only called once, which is when the outerFunc call is assigned to myFunc (myFunc = outerFunc()). This assignment seems to keep the outerFunc open, in what I would like to call a persistent state. Everytime myFunc is called, the return is executed. In this case, the return is the internal function. Something really interesting is the localization that occurs when defining local variables. Notice the difference in the first alert between global_num1 and global_num2, even before the variable is trying to be created, global_num1 is considered undefined because the 'var' was used to signify a local variable to that function. -- This has been talked about before, in the order of operation for the Javascript engine, it's just nice to see this put to work. Globals can still be used, but local variables will override them. Notice before the third myFunc call, a global variable called local_count is created, but it as no effect on the internal function, which has a variable that goes by the same name. Conversely, each function call has the ability to modify global variables, as noticed by global_var3. Post Thoughts: Even though the code is straightforward, it is cluttered by alerts for you guys, so you can plug and play. I know there are other examples of closures, many of which use anonymous functions in combination with looping structures, but I think this is good for a 101-starter course to see the effects. The one thing I'm concerned with is the negative impact closures will have on memory. Because it keeps the function environment open, it is also keeping those variables stored in memory, which may/may not have performance implications, especially regarding DOM traversals and garbage collection. I'm also not sure what kind of role this will play in terms of memory leakage and I'm not sure if the closure can be removed from memory by a simple "delete myFunc;." Hope this helps someone, vol7ron

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• Python beginer having trouble running code

  - by Protean

  For some reason this code will not seem to run in the interpreter. When I hit F5 nothing happens, not even the debugger seems to recognize it. I assume it has something to do with the class, as when removed the interpreter seems to recognize the rest of the code. Please tell me what I am doing wrong. Edit: I have restarted the interpreter multiple times, any other piece of code I try to load runs fine, just this one is having trouble. print ('Why won't this work?') class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] self.globali = 0 self.orderi = 0 self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self, array): carry, leave = [] for arrayi in array: print ('run', arrayi) if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: leave.append(arrayi) return carry, leave def srt(self, array): globalii = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(array) while len(self.sortedlist) != len(array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(carry) arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 carry, leave = my.sort(arrayt) elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: arrayt = leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort(arrayt) else: self.arrayt globalii += 1 self.orderi = globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort(arrayt) self.orderi = 0 else: arrayt = carry carry = [] self.globali += 1 carry, leave += my.sort(arrayt) my = sorting_class() x = ['ac', 'bc' ,'ab', 'da'] my.srt(x)

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• Unknown error in Producer/Consumer program, believe it to be an infinite loop.

  - by ray2k

  Hello, I am writing a program that is solving the producer/consumer problem, specifically the bounded-buffer version(i believe they mean the same thing). The producer will be generating x number of random numbers, where x is a command line parameter to my program. At the current moment, I believe my program is entering an infinite loop, but I'm not sure why it is occurring. I believe I am executing the semaphores correctly. You compile it like this: gcc -o prodcon prodcon.cpp -lpthread -lrt Then to run, ./prodcon 100(the number of randum nums to produce) This is my code. typedef int buffer_item; #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #include <unistd.h> #define BUFF_SIZE 10 #define RAND_DIVISOR 100000000 #define TRUE 1 //two threads void *Producer(void *param); void *Consumer(void *param); int insert_item(buffer_item item); int remove_item(buffer_item *item); int returnRandom(); //the global semaphores sem_t empty, full, mutex; //the buffer buffer_item buf[BUFF_SIZE]; //buffer counter int counter; //number of random numbers to produce int numRand; int main(int argc, char** argv) { /* thread ids and attributes */ pthread_t pid, cid; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); pthread_attr_setscope(&attr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM); numRand = atoi(argv[1]); sem_init(&empty,0,BUFF_SIZE); sem_init(&full,0,0); sem_init(&mutex,0,0); printf("main started\n"); pthread_create(&pid, &attr, Producer, NULL); pthread_create(&cid, &attr, Consumer, NULL); printf("main gets here"); pthread_join(pid, NULL); pthread_join(cid, NULL); printf("main done\n"); return 0; } //generates a randum number between 1 and 100 int returnRandom() { int num; srand(time(NULL)); num = rand() % 100 + 1; return num; } //begin producing items void *Producer(void *param) { buffer_item item; int i; for(i = 0; i < numRand; i++) { //sleep for a random period of time int rNum = rand() / RAND_DIVISOR; sleep(rNum); //generate a random number item = returnRandom(); //acquire the empty lock sem_wait(&empty); //acquire the mutex lock sem_wait(&mutex); if(insert_item(item)) { fprintf(stderr, " Producer report error condition\n"); } else { printf("producer produced %d\n", item); } /* release the mutex lock */ sem_post(&mutex); /* signal full */ sem_post(&full); } return NULL; } /* Consumer Thread */ void *Consumer(void *param) { buffer_item item; int i; for(i = 0; i < numRand; i++) { /* sleep for a random period of time */ int rNum = rand() / RAND_DIVISOR; sleep(rNum); /* aquire the full lock */ sem_wait(&full); /* aquire the mutex lock */ sem_wait(&mutex); if(remove_item(&item)) { fprintf(stderr, "Consumer report error condition\n"); } else { printf("consumer consumed %d\n", item); } /* release the mutex lock */ sem_post(&mutex); /* signal empty */ sem_post(&empty); } return NULL; } /* Add an item to the buffer */ int insert_item(buffer_item item) { /* When the buffer is not full add the item and increment the counter*/ if(counter < BUFF_SIZE) { buf[counter] = item; counter++; return 0; } else { /* Error the buffer is full */ return -1; } } /* Remove an item from the buffer */ int remove_item(buffer_item *item) { /* When the buffer is not empty remove the item and decrement the counter */ if(counter > 0) { *item = buf[(counter-1)]; counter--; return 0; } else { /* Error buffer empty */ return -1; } }

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• Database call crashes Android Application

  - by Darren Murtagh

  i am using a Android database and its set up but when i call in within an onClickListener and the app crashes the code i am using is mButton.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View view) { s = WorkoutChoice.this.weight.getText().toString(); s2 = WorkoutChoice.this.height.getText().toString(); int w = Integer.parseInt(s); double h = Double.parseDouble(s2); double BMI = (w/h)/h; t.setText(""+BMI); long id = db.insertTitle("001", ""+days, ""+BMI); Cursor c = db.getAllTitles(); if (c.moveToFirst()) { do { DisplayTitle(c); } while (c.moveToNext()); } } }); and the log cat for when i run it is: 04-01 18:21:54.704: E/global(6333): Deprecated Thread methods are not supported. 04-01 18:21:54.704: E/global(6333): java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException 04-01 18:21:54.704: E/global(6333): at java.lang.VMThread.stop(VMThread.java:85) 04-01 18:21:54.704: E/global(6333): at java.lang.Thread.stop(Thread.java:1391) 04-01 18:21:54.704: E/global(6333): at java.lang.Thread.stop(Thread.java:1356) 04-01 18:21:54.704: E/global(6333): at com.b00348312.workout.Splashscreen$1.run(Splashscreen.java:42) 04-01 18:22:09.444: D/dalvikvm(6333): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 4221 objects / 252640 bytes in 31ms 04-01 18:22:09.474: I/dalvikvm(6333): Total arena pages for JIT: 11 04-01 18:22:09.574: D/dalvikvm(6333): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 1304 objects / 302920 bytes in 29ms 04-01 18:22:09.744: D/dalvikvm(6333): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 2480 objects / 290848 bytes in 33ms 04-01 18:22:10.034: D/dalvikvm(6333): GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 6334 objects / 374152 bytes in 36ms 04-01 18:22:14.344: D/AndroidRuntime(6333): Shutting down VM 04-01 18:22:14.344: W/dalvikvm(6333): threadid=1: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x400259f8) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): java.lang.IllegalStateException: database not open 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insertWithOnConflict(SQLiteDatabase.java:1567) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.insert(SQLiteDatabase.java:1484) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at com.b00348312.workout.DataBaseHelper.insertTitle(DataBaseHelper.java:84) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at com.b00348312.workout.WorkoutChoice$3.onClick(WorkoutChoice.java:84) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2408) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:8817) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:587) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:144) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4937) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:858) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616) 04-01 18:22:14.364: E/AndroidRuntime(6333): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) i have notice errors when the application opens but i dont no what thet are from. when i take out the statements to do with the database there is no errors and everthign runs smoothly

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• problem installing rails3.0

  - by Themasterhimself

  Tried the link http://railscasts.com/episodes/200-rails-3-beta-and-rvm gokul@gokul-laptop:~$ ruby -v ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-12 patchlevel 174) [i486-linux] gokul@gokul-laptop:~$ mkdir -p ~/.rvm/src/ && cd ~/.rvm/src && rm -rf ./rvm/ && git clone git://github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm.git && cd rvm && ./install The program 'git' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing: sudo apt-get install git-core git: command not found gokul@gokul-laptop:~/.rvm/src$ sudo apt-get install git-core [sudo] password for gokul: E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it? gokul@gokul-laptop:~/.rvm/src$ anyone?

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• Matlab set defaultTextInterpreter to LaTeX

  - by Maurits

  I am running Matlab R2010A on OS X 10.7.5 I have a simple matlab plot and would like to use LaTeX commands in the axis and legend. However setting: set(0, 'defaultTextInterpreter', 'latex'); Has zero effect, and results in a TeX warning that my tex commands can not be parsed. If I open plot tools of this plot, the default interpreter is set to 'TeX'. Manually setting this to 'LaTeX' obviously fixes this, but I can't do this for hundreds of plots. Now, if I retrieve the default interpreter via the Matlab prompt, i.e get(0,'DefaultTextInterpreter') It says 'LaTeX', but again, when I look in the properties of the figure via the plot tools menu, the interpreter remains set to 'TeX'. Complete plotting code: figure f = 'somefile.eps' set(0, 'defaultTextInterpreter', 'latex'); ms = 8; fontSize = 18; loglog(p_m_sip, p_fa_sip, 'ko-.', 'LineWidth', 2, 'MarkerSize', ms); hold on; xlabel('$P_{fa}$', 'fontsize', fontSize); ylabel('$P_{m}$', 'fontsize', fontSize); legend('$\textbf{K}_{zz}$', 'Location', 'Best'); set(gca, 'XMinorTick', 'on', 'YMinorTick', 'on', 'YGrid', 'on', 'XGrid', 'on'); print('-depsc2', f);

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• In MAYA 2009, is it possible to capture the cube rotate event?

  - by Rahul2047

  I need to call a function ( Maya-Python ) based on cube rotationX. For that I have to capture the event, programmatically. I tried using while loop but It stucks in the loop, Nothing can be done in that time. I tried theading (python), still same. Can it be done this or other way? If yes, How? Maya 2009 in Windows XP Some failed code references: import maya.cmds as cmds while (count < 90): lock = cmds.getAttr('pCube1.rotateX',lock=False) print lock count = count + 1 Here Python wise: #!/usr/bin/python import thread import time # Define a function for the thread def cubeRotateX( threadName, delay): count = 0 while count < 5: time.sleep(delay) count += 1 try: thread.start_new_thread( cubeRotateX, ("Thread-1", 2, ) ) except: print "Error: unable to start thread" while 1: pass

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