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• Howto boot directly into a VirtualBox image?

  - by mawimawi

  I have a running setup as following: Native OS: Windows 7 64bit, 3 Partitions: c: (System) d: (FAT32, here is my vdi file) e: (unformatted) VirtualBox: Fedora 14 running off the vdi file on drive d. Usually this setup is great for me, but sometimes I'd like to run Linux natively, and not inside VirtualBox. Is there a way to boot directly into the vdi file without the Windows overhead? E.g. using a USB stick with some modified Linux Kernel / GRUB that can mount the vdi file directly as "/"? Or copy the contents of my vdi file to the empty partition and somehow use this from VirtualBox (when booting into Windows) AND directly booting into Linux? Hope to get some hints or even howtos.

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• How to migrate KVM based VMs running in LVM setup to Vmdk images

  - by Bond

  I am using KVM on Ubuntu Server 10.04. and Virtual Machines are running on it in LVM. I have to migrate some of them to Vmware server.How can I achieve this? I searched and came across some links but they all talked converting vmdk images to qcow or so.In this case I have OS in LVM. I also looked at man page of qemu-img and as I understand it should do what I am asking in this thread. But how exactly should I proceed in this case.Since it is not a file based image (OS running in an LVM which has filesystem in that LVM). So I am not able to understand what should I be doing to achieve the same. Can I achieve the above with snapshots of LVMs rather than shutting down the VM itself.

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• Free alternatives to vSphere for ESXi (if one exists)

  - by Tim

  Dear All, Am feeling a touch confused and overwhemled. From what I gather even though ESXi is free I will only be able to manage my VMs (create or power on etc) for 60 days unless I buy a licence for vSphere. This is somewhat frustrating. As I am looking for a home lab to practice for various certs I was hoping to also practice using vmware stuff to do so. Have I got the wrong end of the stick? Is there a free built in web interface like there was with VMServer or is the only option vSphere (which is massively out of my price range)? Looking forward to your responses and hoping that I have just missed something obvious! Regards Tim

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• How should I capture Linux kernel panic stack traces?

  - by Alnitak

  What's current best practice to capture full kernel stack traces on a Linux system (RHEL 5.x, kernel 2.6.18) that occasionally panics in a device driver? I'm used to the "old" SunOS way of doing things - crash dumps get written to swap, and on reboot the dump gets retrieved in the local file system. man 8 crash refers to diskdump, but that appears to be unsupported. and/or deprecated. I've played with kdump, but it's unclear whether I can get a stack trace from that. Triggering a panic via Magic SysRq didn't create one. It also seems wasteful to reserve so much memory (128MB) just for a kexec crash recovery kernel.

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• All Tasks..Advanced Operations option missing from Certificaces MMC Snap-In

  - by JohnFx

  I am trying to follow the instructions in this article to create a custom certificate to support SSL on a web server. I'm stick on the following step: Click on Personal – All Tasks – Advanced Operations – Create Custom request The problem is that on the web server (Windows Server 2003 R2) I don't have an "Advanced Operations" option under "All Tasks". I do on my desktop machine (Windows 7), but not on the server. All the documentation I can find indicates that it should be available on WS-2003-R2, but it just isn't. Note: I'm going through this manual process because I need to specify a alternate host names in the CSR, which you can't do through the IIS 6.0 console certificate managment functionality. Any suggestions for how to make this option show up?

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• Security and encryption with OpenVPN

  - by Chris Tenet

  The UK government is trying to implement man-in-the-middle attack systems in order to capture header data in all packets. They are also equipping the "black boxes" they will use with technology to see encrypted data (see the Communications Data Bill). I use a VPN to increase my privacy. It uses OpenVPN, which in turn uses the OpenSSL libraries for encrypting data. Will the government be able to see all the data going through the VPN connection? Note: the VPN server is located in Sweden, if that makes a difference.

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• When to use delaycompress option in logrotate?

  - by Anand Chitipothu

  The man page of logrotate says that: It can be used when some program cannot be told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing to the previous log file for some time. I'm confused by this. If a program cannot be told to close its logfile, it will continue to write forever, not for sometime. If the compression is postponed to next rotation cycle, the program continues to write to that file even after the next rotation cycle. How is postponing solving the problem? My understanding is that copytruncate should be used when a program cannot be told to close the logfile. I'm aware that some data written to the logfile gets lost when the copy is in progress. I was looking at the logrotate file for couchdb, and it had both copytruncate and delaycompress options. /usr/local/couchdb-1.0.1/var/log/couchdb/*.log { weekly rotate 10 copytruncate delaycompress compress notifempty missingok } It looks like there is no point using delaycompress when copytruncate is already there. What am I missing?

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• dhclient and dhcpcd the real difference

  - by rubixibuc

  I can't figure out the difference from just the man pages. I can see what is a daemon and one is a client, but what does that mean practically when using the commands? Also what is the difference between the client and daemon in this case, not just the terms (client and daemon) but functionally wise? EDIT: How are the tasks divided, if the client updates the information on the client, what is the purpose of the daemon. I'm talking about the client daemon in this case dhcpcd not dhcpd. Both come installed by default with some versions of Linux and seem to share the duties of the dhcp client. NAME dhcpcd - DHCP client daemon Name dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client

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• How to install Windows 8 in a system which has Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 installed already?

  - by Vignesh Palani

  I have a system in which I have installed Windows 7 first. I then installed Ubuntu 12.04 to the system. Now, the boot manager is GRUB Loader and everything works fine as Ubuntu detected that Windows 7 has been installed already. Now, I would like to install Windows 8 too. I plan to install using a bootable USB stick(doesn't matter which medium I prefer though. Does it? ). I have done some research and all the materials I can get state that I cannot practically install Windows 8 after Ubuntu and get all the three OSs to run. Can you help? I want all the three Operating systems to work perfectly.

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• Adding a new USB port inside a Macbook Pro

  - by MikeC8

  I have a USB Dongle that I'd like to put inside my Macbook Pro. I have already found a spot that will fit the dongle. The next question is splicing one of the USB ports and connecting it to the dongle. Here's a photograph of the inside of my Macbook Pro, showing the USB ports and a little gray plastic divider with four holes in it above each port. http://min.us/mvoQEem My question: Does anyone know what is inside these holes? Presumably each one is a pin for the USB port, right? Can I just stick a wire in there, giving me 4 pins, plus the fifth attached to the metal outside the port? More generally, any one have any ideas for what might be the easiest way to get a USB port inside my MBP? :) Thanks!

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• Vetting Github Pull requests with Hudson

  - by cdecker

  I've been using Gerrit and Hudson very successfully to test and automatically vote on new checkins in the past and now I'm wondering whether it is possible to set up Hudson so that it'll check Github at regular intervals and looks if there are new Pull Requests available. If yes it should apply the patch and run the unit tests against it, adding a comment to the pull request if no failure is detected. It would certainly reduce the amount of work going into vetting patches/pull requests. Is that possible at all, or should I stick with my Gerrit setup?

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• dual boot install--no GRUB

  - by Jim Syyap

  My computer recently had a hardware upgrade and now runs on Windows 7. I decided to install Ubuntu 11.04 as dual boot using the ISO I got from ubuntu.com downloaded onto my USB stick. Restarting with the USB stick, I was able to install Ubuntu 11.04 choosing the option: Install Ubuntu 11.04 side by side with Windows 7 (or something like that). No errors were encountered on installation. However on restarting, there was no GRUB; the system went straight into Windows 7. Looking for answers, I found these: http://essayboard.com/2011/07/12/how-to-dual-boot-ubuntu-11-04-and-windows-7-the-traditional-way-through-grub-2/ http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1774523 Following their instructions, I got: Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011 ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Syslinux MBR (3.61-4.03) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos7)/boot/grub on this drive. sda1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /grldr /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /grldr sda2: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe sdb1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.02 debian-20101016 ...........>...r>....... ......0...~.k...~...f...M.f.f....f..8~....>2} Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 1437504 of /dev/sdb1 for its second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory. The integrity check of the ADV area failed. According to the info in the boot sector, sdb1 starts at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk, sdb1 starts at sector 62. Operating System: Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys sdc1: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sdc2: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc5: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc6: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdc7: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdc8: __________________________________________________ ________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Going back into Ubuntu and running sudo fdisk -l , I got these: ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002f393 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 19458 156185600 7 HPFS/NTFS Disk /dev/sdb: 2011 MB, 2011168768 bytes 62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000f2ab9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 1021 1962331 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000202043392 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121600 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00261ddd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 1 60657 487222656+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdc2 60657 121600 489527681 5 Extended /dev/sdc5 120563 121600 8337703+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc6 120073 120562 3930112 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc7 60657 119584 473328640 83 Linux /dev/sdc8 119584 120072 3923968 82 Linux swap / Solaris Should I proceed and do the following? Assuming Ubuntu 11.04 was installed on device sdb1, do this: sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt Then do this: sudo grub-install--root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb Notice there are two dashes in front of the root directory, and I'm not using sdb1 but sdb. Since the command in step 15 had reinstalled Grub 2, now we need to unmount the /mnt (i.e. sdb1) to clean up. Do this: sudo umount /mnt Reboot and remove Ubuntu 11.04 CD/DVD from disk tray. Log into Ubuntu 11.04 (you have no choice but it will make you log into Ubuntu 11.04 at this point). Open up a terminal in Ubuntu 11.04 (using real installation, not live CD/DVD). Execute this command: sudo update-grub Reboot the machine.

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• txt file descriptor in lsof

  - by wfaulk

  In my experience, files that have the file descriptor of txt in lsof output are the executable file itself and shared objects. The lsof man page says that it means "program text (code and data)". While debugging a problem, I found a large number of data files (specifically, ElasticSearch database index files) that lsof reported as txt. These are definitely not executable files. The process was ElasticSearch itself, which is a java process, if that helps point someone in the right direction. I want to understand how this process is opening and using these files that gets it to be reported in this way. I'm trying to understand some memory utilization, and I suspect that these open files are related to some metrics I'm seeing in some way. The system is Solaris 10 x86.

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• Why does subshell not inherit exported variable (PS1)?

  - by amn

  After some debugging I finally narrowed down the problem as to why my X session xterm prompt does not appear according to my PS1 setting. If I run sh -c env, it doesn't even show PS1 in the list. Why? export PS1='test' sh -c env # No PS1 in the list, default prompt appearance (shell name + version) Substituting sh with bash yields same result, alas the behavior appears to be the same for both shells/modes. As far as I understood from man bash, the environment resulting from command run by shell with -c should include the exported variables. And it does - exporting FOOBAR results in FOOBAR listed in env run by subshell. It appears that the story is different if the variable is PS1 however. What is going on? I want my prompt propagated throughout the process tree and system. For matters sake, it is set in /etc/profile.d/user.sh (a file I created myself) with the following: PS1='\u@\H \w \$ ' export PS1 I am running Arch Linux (updated yesterday.)

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• dhclient append settings from multiple DHCP servers

  - by Brian

  I have a server with two interfaces connected to two separate networks, using DHCP for both. When dhclient is writing /etc/resolv.conf, I would like it to append settings that aren't already there. For instance, if I receive from one DHCP server: nameserver 10.0.0.1 search one.mydomain.com and from another: nameserver 10.1.1.254 search two.mydomain.com Then resolv.conf should look like this: search one.mydomain.com two.mydomain.com nameserver 10.0.0.1 nameserver 10.1.1.254 At the moment, it seems the last dhclient overwrites whatever was there. I know I can preconfigure settings in dhclient.conf using supercede or append, but then I have to hard-code the values. I've scoured the man page for dhclient, but it seems like dhclient prefers to work alone (i.e. not in conjunction with any other dhclients)...or am I missing something?

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• How does Notepad++ know to recognize the HTML and CSS in PHP files? Can I do this with PSP files?

  - by Andrew Alexander

  I am trying to get Notepad++ to recognize PSP (Python Server Pages) files. I've got it to recognize Python (by adding PSP to the ext= section), however it doesn't seem to understand that Python is only within the <% %> and <%= %> sections. I want it to parse HTML, CSS, Javascript and possibly even PHP (though if I am using PSP, I'd probably stick with that) as well, showing all the colors, etc, that would normally be associated with it. How do I go about that?

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• Zsh, directory tab-completion with prefix

  - by nifty

  I have a directory where I put all my projects in, let's say it's ~/projects as an example. I've made a command called s which takes one argument, and moves me into that directory. E.g.: s foo moves me to ~/projects/foo. What I'd like is to have a completion command of some sorts, which would act like cd so I could do keep hitting tab to go further into the ~/projects/... directories. Basically, cd with a prefix which is always present. I've looked into zstyle completion in man zshcompsys, but realized I just don't know enough about it to understand it properly.

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• Postfix sasl: Relay access Denied (state 14)

  - by Primoz

  I have postfix installed with dovecot. There are no problems when I'm trying to send e-mails from my server, however all e-mails that are coming in are rejected. My main.cf file: queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix mail_owner = postfix inet_interfaces = all mydestination = localhost, $mydomain, /etc/postfix/domains/domains virtual_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/domains/addresses unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases home_mailbox = Maildir/ debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:9999, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, smtpd_sender_restriction = reject_non_fqdn_sender broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes UPDATE: Now, when e-mail comes to the server, the server tries to reroute the mail. Example, if the message was sent to [email protected], my server changes that to [email protected] and then the mail bounces because there's no such domain on my server.

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• Dell D630 - Touchpad does not move the mouse cursor

  - by Dean McKenzie

  Windows XP - Dell D630 - Synaptics Touch Pad driver installed. The system tray icon that shows the movement of your finger on the touchpad registeres movement. The scroll feature of the touchpad works on any window with a scroll bar. The double click works even. But it never actually moves the cursor on the screen. An external mouse works with out problems, and I've replaced the palm-rest/touchpad and it continues to happen. The touch stick in the middle of the keyboard works without problems. Does anyone have any ideas?

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• virsh console and tty size

  - by pehrs

  I have a virtualization server to which I connect over ssh. If I now change the size of the window it will automatically propagate to the server. It's most easily seen using stty -a, checking the columns and row values. I then use virsh console to connect to the serial interface on a KVM based virtual machine. When I now change the size of the window it does not propagate to the virtual server. This is most easily seen by checking stty -a, which is not updated on the virtual machine when I change window size. This means that line breaks does not work correctly in the terminal and any application that relies on window size for formatting (emacs, man, etc) gets messed up unless the window size on the client matches the default size on the server. A workaround is to manually set the window size to match the client window using stty, but I wonder if there is any way to get this information to propagate and set the window size in the virtual machine automatically.

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• Burn iTunes playlist to Audio Image

  - by MikeHoss

  I have Snow Leopard on an early model MacBook Pro. The CD Drive has been giving me fits the last few months -- I stick a blank CD in it, and it claims it's bad and spits it out. I can go through a pile of brand-new CD's and it will choose 1 out of 7 that it wants to use, even though all the CD's come from the same package. The rejected CD's work fine on a Linux machine I have. I need to burn an audio CD from iTunes and my thought was: Burn playlist to audio CD Image file (Red Book image?) Copy ISO file to Linux Machine Use Linux machine to burn audio image to a CD But looking around, it doesn't seem that iTunes on OSX will support this. I was wondering if anyone else has accomplished this.

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• tcpdump dns output codes

  - by tim

  Captured on the nameserver: 21:54:35.391126 IP resolver.7538 > server.domain: 57385% [1au] A? www.domain.de. (42) What das the percent sign in 57385% mean? As far as I can see 57385 is the clients sequence number, a plus would mean RD bit set. Second question: what does the ARCOUNT do in the query? As I understand the tcpdump man page the [1au] means tcpdump treats this as a protocol anomalie - as would I. I see this in a lot of queries.

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• How do I launch a process as a specific user at startup on OS X?

  - by Scott Bonds

  I would like to run a script as a particular user on startup (not on login). I thought a launchd LaunchDaemon would do it, but 'man launchd' says: "If you wish your service to run as a certain user, in that user's environment, making it a launchd agent is the ONLY supported means of accomplishing this on Mac OS X. In other words, it is not sufficient to perform a setuid(2) to become a user in the truest sense on Mac OS X." They aren't kidding--when I try to run my script as a LaunchDaemon it doesn't work. In particular I'm trying to automate some keychain operations using the 'security' command, and it won't let me change the default keychain when I run the script through LaunchDaemon, though the script works fine when run using sudo from a shell. A LaunchAgent won't work, because the goal is for the proces to run without a user logging in and LaunchAgents only run when someone logs in. I looked at cron and the @reboot directive and that looks promising, but I read that cron is deprecated on OSX.

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• Ubuntu/Linux version recommendation for HP dv6 3122TX?

  - by sanjayav

  I purchased a HP dv6 3122TX recently and after installing Ubuntu 10.10 64 bit I ran into multiple issues like, The wireless driver is not supported by Uubntu. (1) [The driver is RaLink RT3090 ] The ethernet stopped working sometimes for no reason [The driver is Realtek RTL8111/8168B ] "Corrupted low memory at ..." issue which is described as a kernel bug in Ubuntu support forums. (It started to take me to a terminal instead of the GUI and couldn't start x server after that) As I'm not an expert Ubuntu user I got fed up of all these issue and got back to Windows 7. But I need an Ubuntu installation up and running for my development work. What are your suggestions about a reasonable Ubuntu version that I should try? Or a different Linux variation? Should I stick to a 32-bit version? It'd be great anyone can give some advice on this issue.

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• Linux - Multiple service statuses with one command

  - by Jimbo

  I'm trying to retrieve a list of multiple service statuses in Unix. I'm using the service command: man page. The statuses all start with the transmission-daemon string, for example. I require the ability to list multiple services' statuses, with a single command. Here is what I'm currently trying (and failing) with: Here I'm trying to grab a list of statuses using grep. service $(ls /etc/init.d | grep "transmission-daemon") status Here I'm trying to list all statuses, and then grep for them. service --status-all | grep "transmission-daemon" This produces the following, which isn't much help: How can I effectively achieve what I require with a single command, so that I can then continue piping to awk for further customisation? Desired example output: transmission-daemon started transmission-daemon2 stopped transmission-daemon3 started

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