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• How to use private DNS to map private IP with "non registred" domain name

  - by PapelPincel

  I would like to use a private DNS (Route53 in our case) in order to map hosts to EC2 instance private IP addresse. The hosted zone we are using for testing is not declared in any registrar (company-test.com.). There are different servers (Nagios, Puppet, ActiveMQ ...) all hosted in ec2, that means their IP can change over time (restart, new instance launch...). That would be great if I can use DNS instead of clients' /etc/hosts for mapping private IP/internal domain name... The ActiveMQ server url is activemq.company-test.com and it maps to (A record) private IP address of the AMQ server. This url is only reachable by other ec2 owned by the same aws account. My question is how to configure ec2 instances so they could reach the ActiveMQ server WITHOUT having to buy a new domain company-test.com ?

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• Database modularity with EBS volumes

  - by Eclyps19

  I would like to add modularity to my websites on EC2 instances by encapsulating the site files and the mysql files in their own EBS volumes. The end result that I'm going for is the ability to quickly mount a volume or two to different servers running the same AMI (for testing/development/emergency maintenance, etc), as well as maintain separate snapshots of each. I'm able to do this fairly easily with a single database by symlinking my mounted database EBS to the appropriate places (/var/lib/mysql, /etc/my.cnf, /var/log/mysqld.log), but I'm not sure if it would even be possible be possible to have multiple databases on different EBS volumes running concurrently. Example: /website1/www.website.com /database1/ /website2/www.otherwebsite.com /database2/ Could anybody shed some light on this for me? Is it possible? Is it a bad idea? Thanks.

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• EC2 persistence of machine

  - by Seagull

  I notice that EBS-backed AMIs are much like a VMWare instances -- I can stop them and also persist them to disk, and all this is done relatively quickly. However, I believe that S3 backed machines are different. They cannot be 'stopped', but rather can only be shut-down, written to S3 disk and started up again; with at least a 15 min delay in doing so. Why the difference? How do AMI providers decide whether to use EBS or S3? If I need to stop/persist/restart machines relatively frequently, then I am implicitly limited to just the EBS-backed machines?

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• Which is faster for read access on EC2; local drive or EBS?

  - by Phillip Oldham

  Which is faster for read access on an EC2 instance; the "local" drive or an attached EBS volume? I have some data that needs to be persisted so have placed this on an EBS volume. I'm using OpenSolaris, so this volume has been attached as a ZFS pool. However, I have a large chunk of EC2 disk space that's going to go unused, so I'm considering re-purposing this as a ZFS cache volume but I don't want to do this if the disk access is going to be slower than that of the EBS volume as it would potentially have a detrimental effect.

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• Problems migrating an EBS backed instance over AWS Regions

  - by gshankar

  Note: I asked this question on the EC2 forums too but haven't received any love there. Hopefully the ServerFault community will be more awesome. The new AWS Sydney region opening up is something that we've been waiting for for a long time but I'm having a lot of trouble migrating our instances over from N. California. I managed to migrate 1 instance over using CloudyScripts to move a snapshot and then firing up a new instance in the Sydney region. This was a very new instance so both the source and destination were running on a Ubuntu 12.04 LTS server and I had no issues there. However, the rest of our instances are all Ubuntu 10.04 LTS and with these, I'm having a lot of problems. I've tried following: 1- following the AWS whitepaper on moving instances which was given to us at the recent Customer Appreciation Day in Sydney where the new region was launched. The problem with this approach was with the last step (Step 19) here you register the image: ec2-register -s snap-0f62ec3f -n "Wombat" -d "migrated Wombat" --region ap-southeast-2 -a x86_64 --kernel aki-937e2ed6 --block-device-mapping "/dev/sdk=ephemeral0" I keep getting this error: Client.InvalidAMIID.NotFound: The AMI ID 'ami-937e2ed6' does not exist which I think is due to the kernel_id not existing in the Sydney region? 2- Using CloudyScripts to move a snapshot and then creating a new volume and attaching to a new instance in Sydney This results in the instance just hanging on boot and failing the status checks. I can't SSH in or look at the server log I suspect that my issue is with finding the right kernel_id for the volume in the new region. However I can't seem to work out how to go about finding this kernel_id, the ones I've tried (from the original instance) don't result in the Client.InvalidAMIID.NotFound: The AMI ID 'ami-937e2ed6' error and any other kernel_id just won't boot. I've tried both 12.04 and 10.04 versions of Ubuntu. Nothing seems to work, I've been banging my head against a wall for a while now, please help! New (broken) instance i-a1acda9b ami-9b8611a1 aki-31990e0b Source instance i-08a6664e ami-b37e2ef6 aki-937e2ed6 p.s. I also tried following this guide on updating my Ubuntu LTS version to 12.04 before doing the migration but it didn't seem to work either, still getting stuck on updating the kernel_id http://ubuntu-smoser.blogspot.com.au/2010/04/upgrading-ebs-instance.html

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• AWS Elastic load balancer doesn't decrease instances from Alarm Trigger

  - by jchysk

  I have a load balancer that I created an auto-scaling-group and launch-config for. I created the auto-scaling-group with a min-size of 1 and max size of 20. I have a scaledown policy: as-put-scaling-policy SBMScaleDownPolicy --auto-scaling-group SBMAutoScaleGroup --adjustment=-1 --type ChangeInCapacity --cooldown 300 Then I set up an alarm: mon-put-metric-alarm SBMLowCPUAlarm --comparison-operator LessThanThreshold --evaluation-periods 1 --metric-name CPUUtilization --namespace "AWS/EC2" --period 600 --statistic Average --threshold 35 --alarm-actions arn:aws:autoscaling:us-east-1:policystuffhere:autoScalingGroupName/SBMAutoScaleGroup:policyName/SBMScaleDownPolicy --dimensions "AutoScalingGroupName=SBMAutoScaleGroup" When average CPU usage over 10 minutes is under 35, in CloudFront the alarm shows up as "In Alarm State" but doesn't decrease the number of instances. Also, if there's only one instance running it'll spin up another to 2 even if a scale up alarm isn't hit. It seems like the default value is just set to 2 somehow. How can I change this?

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• AWS elastic load balancer basic issues

  - by Jones

  I have an array of EC2 t1.micro instances behind a load balancer and each node can manage ~100 concurrent users before it starts to get wonky. i would THINK if i have 2 such instances it would allow my network to manage 200 concurrent users... apparently not. When i really slam the server (blitz.io) with a full 275 concurrents, it behaves the same as if there is just one node. it goes from 400ms response time to 1.6 seconds (which for a single t1.micro is expected, but not 6). So the question is, am i simply not doing something right or is ELB effectively worthless? Anyone have some wisdom on this? AB logs: Loadbalancer (3x m1.medium) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.668 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 4285.10 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 23.337 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.233 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1661.35 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 2 4.3 2 63 Processing: 2 21 15.1 19 302 Waiting: 2 21 15.0 19 261 Total: 3 23 15.7 21 304 Single instance (1x m1.medium direct connection) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 9.597 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 5210.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 19.193 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2020.01 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 9 128.9 3 3010 Processing: 1 10 8.7 9 141 Waiting: 1 9 8.7 8 140 Total: 2 19 129.0 12 3020

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• Disable disk caches in AWS EBS for PostgreSQL?

  - by Alexandr Kurilin

  It's my understanding that, without correctly disabling OS-level and drive-level caching, there is a chance that in case of system failure the Write-Ahead Log might not be saved correctly and in fact might get corrupted, possibly preventing data recovery. I've already made sure that wal_sync_method=fdatasync however I was unable to make any configuration changes with hdparm since I get the following: $ sudo htparm -I /dev/xvdf /dev/xvdf: HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(identify) failed: Invalid argument Looks like that option is not available in the kind of setup you get in EC2. Am I missing anything here? Are there any other obvious caches I have to disable to ensure the WAL's safety?

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• How to upgrade a single instance's size without downtime

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I'm afraid there may not be a way to do this since we're not load balancing, but I'd like to know if there is any way to upgrade an EC2 EBS backed instance to a larger size without downtime. First of all, we have everything on one instance: both our app and our database (mongodb). This is along the lines i'm thinking: I know you can create snapshots of your EBS and an AMI of your instance. We already have an AMI and we create hourly snapshots. If I spin up a new separate instance of a larger size and then implement (not sure what the right term is here) the snapshots so that our database is up to date, then I could switch the A record of our domain from the old ip address to the new one. However, I'm afraid that after copying over the data from the snapshot, by the time it takes to change the A record and have that change propagate, the data could potentially be stale. Is there a way to prevent this, and is there a better way to do this than I am suggesting?

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• Create image (EBS AMI) takes forever - possibly caused MySQL Server to break?

  - by fuzzybee

  I'm trying to create an EBS AMI from my running EC2 instance to reuse my LAMP fully configured (for my needs). I got my website up and running yesterday on this EC2 instance my MySQL was working fine until this morning (it's not that difficult to install LAMP thanks to yum so I can't see how I could go wrong with this; having said that, it's always difficult for one to realise his own errors) I have seen "Loading, please wait ..." for a few hours now. How do I know whether this is completed or its progress? Shortly after I tried to create the AMI image from my EC2 instance, I encountered database connection error can't connect to local mysql server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' I was able to restart mysqld at first. But database connection was down again. This time, I could not restart mysqld anymore. It shows MySQL Daemon failed to start. Could my attempt to create the AMI by any chance cause the MySQL server to reboot or corrupt? I did a lot of searched and have done the following although I think I shouldn't have to do any workaround for MySQL server to work here chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/ I also found this workaround but I'm very reluctant to follow due to my belief and the fact I would need to understand this problem first. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Getting back to searching for a solution for the MySQL server problem ... Thanks, Eric

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• How do I create DNS entries for EC2 instances created by Auto Scaling?

  - by Evan

  I'm looking into using auto scaling groups for a tier of webservers that would be fronted by an ELB. One of the things I'm having a hard time with is how to give each new instance the proper DNS name. For example, I'd like webservers to have names like frontend-web-XXX.prod.example.com so their names would appear correct in logs and just ease of organization. I have two other tiers I'd ultimately like to make autoscaled and I'd like them to have names like api-web-XXX.prod.example.com as well. I have some experience with cloudformation templates and have spun up individual instances with associated Route53 records but I don't see any indication of how this can be done within an autoscaled group.

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• AWS: Should my EC2 and RDS instances be in the same Availability Zone?

  - by DOOManiac

  I just noticed that all of our EC2 instances are in zone us-west-2b, but our Multi-AZ RDS instance is in us-west-2a. Performance-wise everything seems to be okay, and it will be a hassle to "move" the instances to one place since you have to stop and re-create them all. However if either of the two zones goes down when we will have some downtime; if everything is in one zone then at least we have a higher chance of not being in the zone that has downtime... Is this something worth fixing, or am I over-thinking it? (I was about to purchase some EC2 Reserved Instances, which are tied to specific AZs, so I wanted to make sure before going through with it) Thanks!

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• Providing a static IP for resources behind AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)

  - by tharrison

  I need a static IP address that handles SSL traffic from a known source (a partner). Our servers are behind an AWS Elastic Load Balancer (ELB), which cannot provide a static IP address; many threads about this here. My thought is to create an instance in EC2 whose sole purpose in life is to be a reverse proxy server having it's own IP address; accepting HTTPS requests and forwarding them to the load balancer. Are there better solutions?

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• Picking only the value field out of Cloudwatch Dimensions, Java

  - by GroovyUser

  I have some data that are retried from the cloudwatch api's. Specifically I have used listMetrics. The data that I got from this call is : {Metrics: [{Namespace: Metric from grails, MetricName: hello123, Dimensions: [{Name: name, Value: 1425, }], }, {Namespace: Metric from grails, MetricName: hello123, Dimensions: [{Name: name, Value: 1068, }], }, That was the correct data as I would expect. I need a way to return only the value fields. Not others things. Is there any way to do this, in java? Thanks in advance.

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• Disk doesn't contain a valid partition table

  - by Jeevan Dongre

  I was running a m1.small instance ec2 ubuntu instance. I was running out of disk space, so I upgraded my instance to medium. When I upgraded I actually got 429.5 GB of space and after that I added 10 gb of volume too. When I run the "sudo fdisk -l" command I got this results. Disk /dev/sda1: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sda2: 429.5 GB, 429461078016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 52212 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sda2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdf: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 sda1 is the primary parition and sda2 is what I got added upgrading my system to medium. But the problem persists, I am not able to pull the code from git, it is giving me this error. remote: Counting objects: 409, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (236/236), done. fatal: write error: No space left on device fatal: index-pack failed

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• How to address an EC2 instance from both inside and outside datacenter?

  - by Alexandr Kurilin

  I'm trying to find a good way of being able to address my EC2 database instance from both inside and outside of the datacenter. Other EC2 instances need to be able to call into it, and other clients like pgAdmin might need to connect to it from the outside world as well. It's my understanding that using the internal and external DNS names is sustainable long term as each reboot leads to a change. I'm thinking of associating an Elastic IP with the instance and giving it an A record (say db1.mydomain.com) which I then will use both within and outside the datacenter. Further instances in the same role will get the same treatment and a DNS record of db2.mydomain.com etc. Now, is there a cleaner and more stable way of achieving this result? Am going about this the wrong way? Suggestions?

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• Persistent Spot Instance Request with CloudFormation

  - by PapelPincel

  Is it possible to create "Persistent Spot Instance" with AWS CloudFormation ? I'm going through the Autoscale and EC2 CloudFormation's template references but there is no mention how to set a property so the Spot requests stay persistent. When the price bid lower than the actual spot price AWS brings the instances down. I would like the instances to be started automatically when the instance price is cheaper again. This can be set manually when creating a new spot instance request by checking the option "Persistent Request" in the "Request Instances Wizard".

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• Detaching EBS Volumes (in LVM) take a lot of time

  - by Cheezo

  I have an EC2 Instance(EBS Backed-root partition) with EBS volumes configured via LVM. I have formatted it as ext4 and can mount it to store data etc. Now i want take a snapshot of the root partition, hence in that case i go and detach the other non-root EBS volumes (configured in LVM). Here a regular detach does not work, and i have "force" detach almost always. Although, i another similar setup with RAID instead of LVM and there after stopping RAID, i can easily detach. The whole setup is running Ubuntu Maverick 10.10 Please assist me in the same.

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• How to change the computer name on a server configured by Puppet

  - by David Sulpy

  I am new to Puppet and I'm trying to get Puppet to configure my EC2 instances after they're started from a Cloud Formation Template in AWS. The problem is that all the nodes that get started from the Cloud Formation Template all have the same name (the name from the AMI that the new nodes derive from). I would love to find a way to have puppet rename the nodes when the nodes start up. (although, as far as I know, a Computer Name change requires reboot, a separate issue...) If you can point me to some documentation that can help me figure this out or if you have any ideas that would be great. My ultimate goal is to have each EC2 start with a unique name so that I can use New Relic server monitoring to report the different servers.

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• How can I tell my dd-wrt router to use someone's Amazon Affiliates link when I point my browser to amazon.com?

  - by Michael Paul

  Here's what I'd like to do. Instead of a one-time donation to one of my favorite free tools (junecloud.com) I'd like to do what they suggest here and use their Amazon Affiliates link to do all my Amazon shopping. I shop at amazon once or twice a week, so this is a great way to let them earn lots of long-term cash without me dropping a dime. My thought was to go into my dd-wrt enabled router and tell it, "any time I go to amazon.com on any computer in the house, please go to http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?link_code=ur2&tag=junecloud-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&location=%2F instead. (That URL simply redirects me to amazon.com but every purchase I make during that session is credited to JuneCloud.) Once logged into dd-wrt, I went to Services Services DNSMasq but I'm not really sure how to get it to work from there, or if it's even possible. I know I can redirect IP addresses, but I'm looking to redirect someone on my network from amazon.com to the special amazon affiliate code link. Hope that's clear. Thanks for any replies!

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• C# code to GZip and upload a string to Amazon S3

  - by BigJoe714

  Hello. I currently use the following code to retrieve and decompress string data from Amazon C#: GetObjectRequest getObjectRequest = new GetObjectRequest().WithBucketName(bucketName).WithKey(key); using (S3Response getObjectResponse = client.GetObject(getObjectRequest)) { using (Stream s = getObjectResponse.ResponseStream) { using (GZipStream gzipStream = new GZipStream(s, CompressionMode.Decompress)) { StreamReader Reader = new StreamReader(gzipStream, Encoding.Default); string Html = Reader.ReadToEnd(); parseFile(Html); } } } I want to reverse this code so that I can compress and upload string data to S3 without being written to disk. I tried the following, but I am getting an Exception: using (AmazonS3 client = Amazon.AWSClientFactory.CreateAmazonS3Client(AWSAccessKeyID, AWSSecretAccessKeyID)) { string awsPath = AWSS3PrefixPath + "/" + keyName+ ".htm.gz"; byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content); using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { using (GZipStream zip = new GZipStream(ms, CompressionMode.Compress)) { zip.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); PutObjectRequest request = new PutObjectRequest(); request.InputStream = ms; request.Key = awsPath; request.BucketName = AWSS3BuckenName; using (S3Response putResponse = client.PutObject(request)) { //process response } } } } The exception I am getting is: Cannot access a closed Stream. What am I doing wrong?

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• Amazon Web services - retrieving a wishlist

  - by izb

  I've been tinkering with Yahoo Pipes and the Amazon E-Commerce Service (ECS) SDK to retrieve my wishlist. The problem is that although I can get all the items on my wishlist just fine, it seems to include items that I've deleted too. Has anyone else used this API and noticed this? Is there a way around it? UPDATE: Requested additional information in comments... Here is the URL I use to fetch the wishlist XML: http://webservices.amazon.co.uk/onca/xml?SubscriptionId=[my subs id]&Service=AWSECommerceService&ResponseGroup=ListItems&ProductPage=1&ProductGroup=Book&Operation=ListLookup&ListType=WishList&ListId=[my list id] And here is the relevant part of the XML response: <ListId>[my list id]</ListId> <ListName>Wishlist</ListName> <TotalItems>132</TotalItems> <TotalPages>14</TotalPages> <ListItem> <ListItemId>EPIE5559HKT391</ListItemId> <DateAdded>2003-11-17</DateAdded> <QuantityDesired>1</QuantityDesired> <QuantityReceived>0</QuantityReceived> <Item> <ASIN>5557205521</ASIN> <ItemAttributes> <Title>Horton hears a who</Title> </ItemAttributes> </Item> </ListItem> ... The rest of the XML is just either more list items like that, or information about the request at the top of the response.

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• Issues with Rails, Amazon S3, and protected URLs

  - by Shpigford

  So I followed this little tutorial about protecting downloads of files that are uploaded to Amazon S3 with Paperclip. When I've developed locally, it's worked fine, but since pushing the exact same code to a production server...I now get this error from Amazon when I try to access the files: <Error> <Code>InvalidArgument</Code> <Message>Either the Signature query string parameter or the Authorization header should be specified, not both</Message> <ArgumentValue>Basic dGVjaHVrdWxlbGU6ZWxlbHVrdWhjZXQ=</ArgumentValue> <ArgumentName>Authorization</ArgumentName> <RequestId>F6E455857C54F95A</RequestId> <HostId>X4QA2pw9wpHtJtJ2T8qxCyINjq4PLHQVF4VrlYjpX7Ayh694BgQprh5p8H7NRCAt</HostId> </Error> Example URL: http://s3.amazonaws.com/media.example.com/assets/videos/1/original.mov?AWSAccessKeyId=MY_ACCESS_KEY&Expires=1271972624&Signature=7wWH2WYHPO0o9szwPJbimUMqAig%3D That URL is generated using AWS::S3::S3Object.url_for using the aws-s3 gem. So...not even sure where to start. The fact that it works fine when the app is running locally but not when in production really doesn't make sense. The production server is running Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS (Hardy).

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• What settings need to be changed to allow EC2 instances to use Amazon's Route 53 for DNS?

  - by ks78

  I have a number of Amazon EC2 instances, all running Ubuntu, which I'd like to configure to use Amazon's Route 53. I setup a script, following Shlomo Swidler's article, but ran into script-related issues, which were answered here. Now, I have the script working, but my instances are still not able to access Route 53's DNS. By this I mean, they are not able to resolve hostnames to IP addresses. My instances are currently configured with the DNS server IP address Amazon pushes out to them by default, does that need to be changed when using Route 53? I'm also IP-restricting my instances using the Security Groups. Could that be the problem? Is there a certain IP address or port I should open to allow communication with Route 53? It seems that DNS requests should be originating from my instances so the Security Groups shouldn't be an issue, but I've been wrong before. If anyone has any ideas, I'd really appreciate it.

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• How can I get the size of an Amazon S3 bucket?

  - by Garret Heaton

  I'd like to graph the size (in bytes, and # of items) of an Amazon S3 bucket and am looking for an efficient way to get the data. The s3cmd tools provide a way to get the total file size using s3cmd du s3://bucket_name, but I'm worried about its ability to scale since it looks like it fetches data about every file and calculates its own sum. Since Amazon charges users in GB-Months it seems odd that they don't expose this value directly. Although Amazon's REST API returns the number of items in a bucket, [s3cmd] doesn't seem to expose it. I could do s3cmd ls -r s3://bucket_name | wc -l but that seems like a hack. The Ruby AWS::S3 library looked promising, but only provides the # of bucket items, not the total bucket size. Is anyone aware of any other command line tools or libraries (prefer Perl, PHP, Python, or Ruby) which provide ways of getting this data?

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