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  • OpenVPN (HideMyAss) client on Ubuntu: Route only HTTP traffic

    - by Andersmith
    I want to use HideMyAss VPN (hidemyass.com) on Ubuntu Linux to route only HTTP (ports 80 & 443) traffic to the HideMyAss VPN server, and leave all the other traffic (MySQL, SSH, etc.) alone. I'm running Ubuntu on AWS EC2 instances. The problem is that when I try and run the default HMA script, I suddenly can't SSH into the Ubuntu instance anymore and have to reboot it from the AWS console. I suspect the Ubuntu instance will also have trouble connecting to the RDS MySQL database, but haven't confirmed it. HMA uses OpenVPN like this: sudo openvpn client.cfg The client configuration file (client.cfg) looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client auth-user-pass #management-query-passwords #management-hold # Disable management port for debugging port issues #management 127.0.0.1 13010 ping 5 ping-exit 30 # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. #;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. proto tcp ;proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. # All VPN Servers are added at the very end ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. # We order the hosts according to number of connections. # So no need to randomize the list # remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ./keys/ca.crt cert ./keys/hmauser.crt key ./keys/hmauser.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ;ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. #comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 # Detect proxy auto matically #auto-proxy # Need this for Vista connection issue route-metric 1 # Get rid of the cached password warning #auth-nocache #show-net-up #dhcp-renew #dhcp-release #route-delay 0 120 # added to prevent MITM attack ns-cert-type server # # Remote servers added dynamically by the master server # DO NOT CHANGE below this line # remote-random remote 173.242.116.200 443 # 0 remote 38.121.77.74 443 # 0 # etc... remote 67.23.177.5 443 # 0 remote 46.19.136.130 443 # 0 remote 173.254.207.2 443 # 0 # END

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  • Nginx and client certificates from hierarchical OpenSSL-based certification authorities

    - by Fmy Oen
    I'm trying to set up root certification authority, subordinate certification authority and to generate the client certificates signed by any of this CA that nginx 0.7.67 on Debian Squeeze will accept. My problem is that root CA signed client certificate works fine while subordinate CA signed one results in "400 Bad Request. The SSL certificate error". Step 1: nginx virtual host configuration: server { server_name test.local; access_log /var/log/nginx/test.access.log; listen 443 default ssl; keepalive_timeout 70; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key; ssl_client_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem; ssl_verify_client on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; location / { proxy_pass http://testsite.local/; } } Step 2: PKI infrastructure organization for both root and subordinate CA (based on this article): # mkdir ~/pki && cd ~/pki # mkdir rootCA subCA # cp -v /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf rootCA/ # cd rootCA/ # mkdir certs private crl newcerts; touch serial; echo 01 > serial; touch index.txt; touch crlnumber; echo 01 > crlnumber # cp -Rvp * ../subCA/ Almost no changes was made to rootCA/openssl.cnf: [ CA_default ] dir = . # Where everything is kept ... certificate = $dir/certs/rootca.crt # The CA certificate ... private_key = $dir/private/rootca.key # The private key and to subCA/openssl.cnf: [ CA_default ] dir = . # Where everything is kept ... certificate = $dir/certs/subca.crt # The CA certificate ... private_key = $dir/private/subca.key # The private key Step 3: Self-signed root CA certificate generation: # openssl genrsa -out ./private/rootca.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -x509 -new -key ./private/rootca.key -out certs/rootca.crt -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/rootca.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:rootca Email Address []: Step 4: Subordinate CA certificate generation: # cd ../subCA # openssl genrsa -out ./private/subca.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/subca.key -out subca.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/subca.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:subca Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: Step 5: Subordinate CA certificate signing by root CA certificate: # cd ../rootCA/ # openssl ca -in ../subCA/subca.csr -extensions v3_ca -config openssl.cnf Using configuration from openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/rootca.key: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Feb 4 10:49:43 2013 GMT Not After : Feb 4 10:49:43 2014 GMT Subject: countryName = AU stateOrProvinceName = Some-State organizationName = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd commonName = subca X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: C9:E2:AC:31:53:81:86:3F:CD:F8:3D:47:10:FC:E5:8E:C2:DA:A9:20 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:E9:50:E6:BF:57:03:EA:6E:8F:21:23:86:BB:44:3D:9F:8F:4A:8B:F2 DirName:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca serial:9F:FB:56:66:8D:D3:8F:11 X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Certificate is to be certified until Feb 4 10:49:43 2014 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y ... # cd ../subCA/ # cp -v ../rootCA/newcerts/01.pem certs/subca.crt Step 6: Server certificate generation and signing by root CA (for nginx virtual host): # cd ../rootCA # openssl genrsa -out ./private/server.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:test.local Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in server.csr -out certs/server.crt -config openssl.cnf Step 7: Client #1 certificate generation and signing by root CA: # openssl genrsa -out ./private/client1.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/client1.key -out client1.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/client1.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Client #1 Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in client1.csr -out certs/client1.crt -config openssl.cnf Step 8: Client #1 certificate converting to PKCS12 format: # openssl pkcs12 -export -out certs/client1.p12 -inkey private/client1.key -in certs/client1.crt -certfile certs/rootca.crt Step 9: Client #2 certificate generation and signing by subordinate CA: # cd ../subCA/ # openssl genrsa -out ./private/client2.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/client2.key -out client2.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/client2.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg, city) []: Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:Client #2 Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in client2.csr -out certs/client2.crt -config openssl.cnf Step 10: Client #2 certificate converting to PKCS12 format: # openssl pkcs12 -export -out certs/client2.p12 -inkey private/client2.key -in certs/client2.crt -certfile certs/subca.crt Step 11: Passing server certificate and private key to nginx (performed with OS superuser privileges): # cd ../rootCA/ # cp -v certs/server.crt /etc/nginx/ssl/ # cp -v private/server.key /etc/nginx/ssl/ Step 12: Passing root and subordinate CA certificates to nginx (performed with OS superuser privileges): # cat certs/rootca.crt > /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem # cat ../subCA/certs/subca.crt >> /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem client.pem file look like this: # cat /etc/nginx/ssl/client.pem -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID6TCCAtGgAwIBAgIJAJ/7VmaN048RMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFYxCzAJBgNV BAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKExhJbnRlcm5ldCBX aWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQxDzANBgNVBAMTBnJvb3RjYTAeFw0xMzAyMDQxMDM1NTda ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 1 (0x1) ... -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID4DCCAsigAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET MBEGA1UECBMKU29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQ dHkgTHRkMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZyb290Y2EwHhcNMTMwMjA0MTA0OTQzWhcNMTQwMjA0 ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- It looks like everything is working fine: # service nginx reload # Reloading nginx configuration: Enter PEM pass phrase: # nginx. # Step 13: Installing *.p12 certificates in browser (Firefox in my case) gives the problem I've mentioned above. Client #1 = 200 OK, Client #2 = 400 Bad request/The SSL certificate error. Any ideas what should I do? Update 1: Results of SSL connection test attempts: # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/rootca.crt -cert ~/pki/rootCA/certs/client1.crt -key ~/pki/rootCA/private/client1.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client1.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify return:1 depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = test.local verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=test.local i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDpjCCAo6gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET MBEGA1UECBMKU29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQ dHkgTHRkMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZyb290Y2EwHhcNMTMwMjA0MTEwNjAzWhcNMTQwMjA0 ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- 1 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID6TCCAtGgAwIBAgIJAJ/7VmaN048RMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFYxCzAJBgNV BAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKExhJbnRlcm5ldCBX aWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQxDzANBgNVBAMTBnJvb3RjYTAeFw0xMzAyMDQxMDM1NTda ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- --- Server certificate subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=test.local issuer=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca --- Acceptable client certificate CA names /C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca /C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca --- SSL handshake has read 3395 bytes and written 2779 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: zlib compression Expansion: zlib compression SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : AES256-SHA Session-ID: 15BFC2029691262542FAE95A48078305E76EEE7D586400F8C4F7C516B0F9D967 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 23246CF166E8F3900793F0A2561879E5DB07291F32E99591BA1CF53E6229491FEAE6858BFC9AACAF271D9C3706F139C7 Key-Arg : None PSK identity: None PSK identity hint: None SRP username: None TLS session ticket: 0000 - c2 5e 1d d2 b5 6d 40 23-b2 40 89 e4 35 75 70 07 .^...m@#[email protected]. 0010 - 1b bb 2b e6 e0 b5 ab 10-10 bf 46 6e aa 67 7f 58 ..+.......Fn.g.X 0020 - cf 0e 65 a4 67 5a 15 ba-aa 93 4e dd 3d 6e 73 4c ..e.gZ....N.=nsL 0030 - c5 56 f6 06 24 0f 48 e6-38 36 de f1 b5 31 c5 86 .V..$.H.86...1.. ... 0440 - 4c 53 39 e3 92 84 d2 d0-e5 e2 f5 8a 6a a8 86 b1 LS9.........j... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359989684 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- Everything seems fine with Client #2 and root CA certificate but request returns 400 Bad Request error: # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/rootca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify return:1 depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = test.local verify return:1 ... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359989989 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request Server: nginx/0.7.67 Date: Mon, 04 Feb 2013 15:00:43 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 231 Connection: close <html> <head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center> <center>The SSL certificate error</center> <hr><center>nginx/0.7.67</center> </body> </html> closed Verification fails with Client #2 certificate and subordinate CA certificate: # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/subCA/certs/subca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain verify return:0 ... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359990354 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 19 (self signed certificate in certificate chain) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request ... Still getting 400 Bad Request error with concatenated CA certificates and Client #2 (but still everything ok with Client #1): # cat certs/rootca.crt ../subCA/certs/subca.crt > certs/concatenatedca.crt # openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/concatenatedca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key: CONNECTED(00000003) depth=1 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = rootca verify return:1 depth=0 C = AU, ST = Some-State, O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd, CN = test.local verify return:1 --- ... Compression: 1 (zlib compression) Start Time: 1359990772 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 0 (ok) --- GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request ... Update 2: I've managed to recompile nginx with enabled debug. Here is the part of successfull conection by Client #1 track: 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 accept: <MY IP ADDRESS> fd:3 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 event timer add: 3: 60000:2856497512 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 kevent set event: 3: ft:-1 fl:0025 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 malloc: 28805200:660 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 malloc: 28834400:1024 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 posix_memalign: 28860000:4096 @16 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http check ssl handshake 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 https ssl handshake: 0x16 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL server name: "test.local" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 verify:1, error:0, depth:1, subject:"/C=AU /ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 verify:1, error:0, depth:0, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=Client #1",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_do_handshake: 1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL: TLSv1, cipher: "AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http process request line 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http process request line 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: 1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: 524 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1" And here is the part of unsuccessfull conection by Client #2 track: 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 accept: <MY_IP_ADDRESS> fd:3 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 event timer add: 3: 60000:2855488975 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 kevent set event: 3: ft:-1 fl:0025 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 malloc: 28805200:660 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 malloc: 28834400:1024 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 posix_memalign: 28860000:4096 @16 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http check ssl handshake 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 https ssl handshake: 0x16 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL server name: "test.local" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:0, error:20, depth:1, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:0, error:27, depth:1, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:1, error:27, depth:0, subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=Client #2",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: 1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL: TLSv1, cipher: "AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http process request line 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: 1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: 524 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1" So I'm getting OpenSSL error #20 and then #27. According to verify documentation: 20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate the issuer certificate could not be found: this occurs if the issuer certificate of an untrusted certificate cannot be found. 27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted the root CA is not marked as trusted for the specified purpose.

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  • Can't connect to certain HTTPS sites

    - by mind.blank
    I've just moved to a new apartment and with internet connection via a router and I'm finding that I can't connect to quite a few sites that use SSL. For example trying to connect to PayPal: curl -v https://paypal.com * About to connect() to paypal.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 66.211.169.3... connected * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to paypal.com:443 * Closing connection #0 curl: (35) Unknown SSL protocol error in connection to paypal.com:443 curl -v -ssl https://paypal.com gives the same output. For some sites it works: curl -v https://www.google.com * About to connect() to www.google.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 74.125.235.112... connected * successfully set certificate verify locations: * CAfile: none CApath: /etc/ssl/certs * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA * Server certificate: * subject: C=US; ST=California; L=Mountain View; O=Google Inc; CN=www.google.com * start date: 2011-10-26 00:00:00 GMT * expire date: 2013-09-30 23:59:59 GMT * common name: www.google.com (matched) * issuer: C=ZA; O=Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd.; CN=Thawte SGC CA * SSL certificate verify ok. > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3 > Host: www.google.com > Accept: */* > < HTTP/1.1 302 Found < Location: https://www.google.co.jp/ . . . I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, with Windows 7 installed as well. These sites work on Windows :( Not sure if this information helps but I ran ifconfig and got the following: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1c:c1:de:bc:e2:4f inet6 addr: 2408:c3:7fff:991:686b:8d18:81b3:8dd1/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: 2408:c3:7fff:991:1ec1:deff:febc:e24f/64 Scope:Global inet6 addr: fe80::1ec1:deff:febc:e24f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:87075 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:54522 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:78167937 (78.1 MB) TX bytes:10016891 (10.0 MB) Interrupt:46 Base address:0x4000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ac:81:12:0d:93:80 inet6 addr: fe80::ae81:12ff:fe0d:9380/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:498 TX packets:0 errors:26 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:17 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:39592 (39.5 KB) TX bytes:39592 (39.5 KB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:180.57.228.200 P-t-P:118.23.8.175 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1 RX packets:39631 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:22391 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:43462054 (43.4 MB) TX bytes:2834628 (2.8 MB)

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  • Randomely loosing wireless connexion with Cubuntu 12.04

    - by statquant
    I am presently experiencing random disconnections from my wireless network. It looks like it is more and more frequent (however I have not seen any clear pattern). This is killing me... Here is some information that should help (from ubuntu forums). Thanks for reading Machine : Acer Aspire S3 statquant@euclide:~$ lsb_release -d Description: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS statquant@euclide:~$ uname -mr 3.2.0-33-generic x86_64 statquant@euclide:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart * Running /etc/init.d/networking restart is deprecated because it may not enable again some interfaces * Reconfiguring network interfaces... statquant@euclide:~$ lspci 02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9485 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) statquant@euclide:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 064e:c321 Suyin Corp. Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. statquant@euclide:~$ ifconfig wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 74:de:2b:dd:c4:78 inet addr:192.168.1.3 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::76de:2bff:fedd:c478/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:913 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:802 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:873218 (873.2 KB) TX bytes:125826 (125.8 KB) statquant@euclide:~$ iwconfig wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"Bbox-D646D1" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: 00:19:70:80:01:6C Bit Rate=65 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:on Link Quality=56/70 Signal level=-54 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:71 Missed beacon:0 statquant@euclide:~$ dmesg | grep "wlan" [ 17.495866] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 17.498950] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready [ 20.072015] wlan0: authenticate with 00:19:70:80:01:6c (try 1) [ 20.269853] wlan0: authenticate with 00:19:70:80:01:6c (try 2) [ 20.272386] wlan0: authenticated [ 20.298682] wlan0: associate with 00:19:70:80:01:6c (try 1) [ 20.302321] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:19:70:80:01:6c (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=1) [ 20.302325] wlan0: associated [ 20.307307] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlan0: link becomes ready [ 30.402292] wlan0: no IPv6 routers present statquant@euclide:~$ sudo lshw -C network [sudo] password for statquant: *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR9485 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 01 serial: 74:de:2b:dd:c4:78 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=3.2.0-33-generic firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.3 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:c0400000-c047ffff memory:afb00000-afb0ffff statquant@euclide:~$ iwlist scan wlan0 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: 00:19:70:80:01:6C Channel:6 Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6) Quality=56/70 Signal level=-54 dBm Encryption key:on ESSID:"Bbox-D646D1" Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s Bit Rates:24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Mode:Master Extra:tsf=000000125fb152bb Extra: Last beacon: 40020ms ago IE: Unknown: 000B42626F782D443634364431 IE: Unknown: 010882848B960C121824 IE: Unknown: 030106 IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: 2A0100 IE: Unknown: 32043048606C IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101820003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00 IE: Unknown: 2D1A4C101BFF00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 IE: Unknown: 3D1606080800000000000000000000000000000000000000 IE: Unknown: DD0900037F01010000FF7F IE: Unknown: DD0A00037F04010000000000 And... finally, please note that I did the following (after looking for fixes of similar problems), but unfortunately it did not work sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1

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  • Indy 10 - IdSMTP.Send() hangs when sending messages from GMail account

    - by LukLed
    I am trying to send an e-mail using gmail account (Delphi 7, Indy 10) with these settings: TIdSmtp: Port = 587; UseTLS := utUseExplicitTLS; TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL: SSLOptions.Method := sslvTLSv1; Everything seems to be set ok. I get this response: Resolving hostname smtp.gmail.com. Connecting to 74.125.77.109. SSL status: "before/connect initialization" SSL status: "before/connect initialization" SSL status: "SSLv3 write client hello A" SSL status: "SSLv3 read server hello A" SSL status: "SSLv3 read server certificate A" SSL status: "SSLv3 read server done A" SSL status: "SSLv3 write client key exchange A" SSL status: "SSLv3 write change cipher spec A" SSL status: "SSLv3 write finished A" SSL status: "SSLv3 flush data" SSL status: "SSLv3 read finished A" SSL status: "SSL negotiation finished successfully" SSL status: "SSL negotiation finished successfully" Cipher: name = RC4-MD5; description = RC4-MD5 SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=RC4(128) Mac=MD5 ; bits = 128; version = TLSv1/SSLv3; And then it hangs and doesn't finish. E-mail is not sent. What can be the problem?

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  • Encrypting with Perl CBC and decrypting with PHP mcrypt

    - by Ed
    I have an encrypted string that was encrypted with Perl Crypt::CBC (Rijndael,cbc). The original plaintext was encrypted with encrypt_hex() method of Crypt::CBC. $encrypted_string = '52616e646f6d49567b2c89810ceddbe8d182c23ba5f6562a418e318b803a370ea25a6a8cbfe82bc6362f790821dce8441a790a7d25d3d9ea29f86e6685d0796d'; I have the 32 character key that was used. mcrypt is successfully compiled into PHP, but I'm having a very hard time trying to decrypt the string in PHP. I keep getting gibberish back. If I unpack('H*', $encrypted_string), I see 'RandomIV' followed by what looks like binary. I can't seem to correctly extract the IV and separate the actual encrypted message. I know I'm not providing my information, but I'm not sure where else to start. $cipher = 'rijndael-256'; $cipher_mode = 'cbc'; $td = mcrypt_module_open($cipher, '', $cipher_mode, ''); $key = '32 characters'; // Does this need to converted to something else before being passed? $iv = ?? // Not sure how to extract this from $encrypted_string. $token = ?? // Should be a sub-string of $encrypted_string, correct? mcrypt_generic_init($td, $key, $iv); $clear = rtrim(mdecrypt_generic($td, $token), ''); mcrypt_generic_deinit($td); mcrypt_module_close($td); echo $clear; Any help, pointers in the right direction, would be greatly appreciated. Let me know if I need to provide more information.

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  • How to implement RSA-CBC?(I have uploaded the request document)

    - by tq0fqeu
    I don't konw more about cipher, I just want to implement RSA-CBC which maybe mean that the result of RSA encrypt in CBC mode, and I have implemented RSA. any code languages will be ok, java will be appreciated thx I copy the request as follow(maybe has spelling wrong), but that's French I don't konw that: Pr´esentation du mini-projet Le but du mini-projet est d’impl´ementer une version ´el´ementaire du chi?rement d’un bloc par RSA et d’inclure cette primitive dans un systeme de chi?rement par bloc avec chaˆinage de blocs et IV (Initial Vector ) al´eatoire. Dans ce systeme, un texte clair (`a chi?rer) est d´ecompos´e en blocs de taille t (?x´ee par l’utilisa- teur), chaque bloc (clair) est chi?r´e par RSA en un bloc crypt´e de mˆeme taille, puis le cryptogramme associ´e au texte clair initial est obtenu en chaˆinant les blocs crypt´es par la m´ethode CBC (cipher- block chaining) d´ecrite dans le cours (voir poly “Block Ciphers”) Votre programme devra demander a l’utilisateur la taille t, puis, apres g´en´eration des cl´es publique et priv´ee, lui proposer de chi?rer ou d´echi?rer un (court) ?chier ASCII. Il est indispensable que votre programme soit au moins capable de traiter le cas (tres peu r´ealiste du point de vue de la s´ecurit´e) t = 32. Pour les traiter des blocs plus grands, il vous faudra impl´ementer des routines d’arithm´etique multi-pr´ecision ; pour cela, je vous conseille de faire appela des bibliotheques libres comme GMP (GNU Multiprecision Library). Pour la g´en´eration al´eatoire des nombres premiers p et q, vous pouvez ´egalement faire appela des bibliotheques sp´ecialis´ees,a condition de me donner toutes les pr´ecisions n´ecessaires. Vous devez m’envoyer (avant une date qui reste a ?xer)a mon adresse ´electronique ([email protected]) un courriel (sujet : [MI1-crypto] : devoir, corps du message : les noms des ´etudiants ayant travaill´e sur le mini-projet) auquel sera attach´e un dossier compress´e regroupant vos sources C ou Java comment´ees, votre programme ex´ecutable, et un ?chier texte ou PDF donnant toutes les pr´ecisions sur les biblioth`eques utilis´ees, vos choix algorithmiques et d’impl´ementation, et les raisons de ces choix (complexit´e algorithmique, robus- tesse, facilit´e d’impl´ementation, etc.). Vous pouvez travailler en binˆome ou en trinˆome, mais je serai nettement plus exigeant avec les trinˆomes I have uploaded the request at http://uploading.com/files/22emmm6b/enonce_projet.pdf/ thx

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  • Why does iOS 5 fail to connect to a server running JDK 1.6, but not JDK 1.5

    - by KC Baltz
    We have a Java Socket Server listening on an SSLSocket (port 443) and an iOS application that connects with it. When running on iOS 5.1, the application stopped working when we upgraded the Java version of the server from JDK 1.5 to 1.6 (or 1.7). The app connects just fine to JDK 5 and 6 when running on iOS 6. The iOS app is reporting an error: -9809 = errSSLCrypto. On the Java side, we get javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: close_notify. On the Java server side, we have enabled all the available cipher suites. On the client side we have tested enabling several different suites, although we have yet to complete a test involving each one individually enabled. Right now, it is failing when we use TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA although it has failed with others and we are starting to think it's not the suite. Here is the debug output. It makes it all the way to ServerHelloDone and then fails shortly thereafter: Is secure renegotiation: false [Raw read]: length = 5 0000: 16 03 03 00 41 ....A [Raw read]: length = 65 0000: 01 00 00 3D 03 03 50 83 1E 0B 56 19 25 65 C8 F2 ...=..P...V.%e.. 0010: AF 02 AD 48 FE E2 92 CF B8 D7 A6 A3 EA C5 FF 5D ...H...........] 0020: 74 0F 1B C1 99 18 00 00 08 00 FF 00 34 00 1B 00 t...........4... 0030: 18 01 00 00 0C 00 0D 00 08 00 06 05 01 04 01 02 ................ 0040: 01 . URT-, READ: Unknown-3.3 Handshake, length = 65 *** ClientHello, Unknown-3.3 RandomCookie: GMT: 1333992971 bytes = { 86, 25, 37, 101, 200, 242, 175, 2, 173, 72, 254, 226, 146, 207, 184, 215, 166, 163, 234, 197, 255, 93, 116, 15, 27, 193, 153, 24 } Session ID: {} Cipher Suites: [TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV, TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA, SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5] Compression Methods: { 0 } Unsupported extension signature_algorithms, data: 00:06:05:01:04:01:02:01 *** [read] MD5 and SHA1 hashes: len = 65 0000: 01 00 00 3D 03 03 50 83 1E 0B 56 19 25 65 C8 F2 ...=..P...V.%e.. 0010: AF 02 AD 48 FE E2 92 CF B8 D7 A6 A3 EA C5 FF 5D ...H...........] 0020: 74 0F 1B C1 99 18 00 00 08 00 FF 00 34 00 1B 00 t...........4... 0030: 18 01 00 00 0C 00 0D 00 08 00 06 05 01 04 01 02 ................ 0040: 01 . %% Created: [Session-1, TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA] *** ServerHello, TLSv1 RandomCookie: GMT: 1333992972 bytes = { 100, 3, 56, 153, 7, 2, 251, 64, 41, 32, 66, 240, 227, 181, 55, 190, 2, 237, 146, 0, 73, 119, 70, 0, 160, 9, 28, 207 } Session ID: {80, 131, 30, 12, 241, 73, 52, 38, 46, 41, 237, 226, 199, 246, 156, 45, 3, 247, 182, 43, 223, 8, 49, 169, 188, 63, 160, 41, 102, 199, 50, 190} Cipher Suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA Compression Method: 0 Extension renegotiation_info, renegotiated_connection: <empty> *** Cipher suite: TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA *** Diffie-Hellman ServerKeyExchange DH Modulus: { 233, 230, 66, 89, 157, 53, 95, 55, 201, 127, 253, 53, 103, 18, 11, 142, 37, 201, 205, 67, 233, 39, 179, 169, 103, 15, 190, 197, 216, 144, 20, 25, 34, 210, 195, 179, 173, 36, 128, 9, 55, 153, 134, 157, 30, 132, 106, 171, 73, 250, 176, 173, 38, 210, 206, 106, 34, 33, 157, 71, 11, 206, 125, 119, 125, 74, 33, 251, 233, 194, 112, 181, 127, 96, 112, 2, 243, 206, 248, 57, 54, 148, 207, 69, 238, 54, 136, 193, 26, 140, 86, 171, 18, 122, 61, 175 } DH Base: { 48, 71, 10, 213, 160, 5, 251, 20, 206, 45, 157, 205, 135, 227, 139, 199, 209, 177, 197, 250, 203, 174, 203, 233, 95, 25, 10, 167, 163, 29, 35, 196, 219, 188, 190, 6, 23, 69, 68, 64, 26, 91, 44, 2, 9, 101, 216, 194, 189, 33, 113, 211, 102, 132, 69, 119, 31, 116, 186, 8, 77, 32, 41, 216, 60, 28, 21, 133, 71, 243, 169, 241, 162, 113, 91, 226, 61, 81, 174, 77, 62, 90, 31, 106, 112, 100, 243, 22, 147, 58, 52, 109, 63, 82, 146, 82 } Server DH Public Key: { 8, 60, 59, 13, 224, 110, 32, 168, 116, 139, 246, 146, 15, 12, 216, 107, 82, 182, 140, 80, 193, 237, 159, 189, 87, 34, 18, 197, 181, 252, 26, 27, 94, 160, 188, 162, 30, 29, 165, 165, 68, 152, 11, 204, 251, 187, 14, 233, 239, 103, 134, 168, 181, 173, 206, 151, 197, 128, 65, 239, 233, 191, 29, 196, 93, 80, 217, 55, 81, 240, 101, 31, 119, 98, 188, 211, 52, 146, 168, 127, 127, 66, 63, 111, 198, 134, 70, 213, 31, 162, 146, 25, 178, 79, 56, 116 } Anonymous *** ServerHelloDone [write] MD5 and SHA1 hashes: len = 383 0000: 02 00 00 4D 03 01 50 83 1E 0C 64 03 38 99 07 02 ...M..P...d.8... 0010: FB 40 29 20 42 F0 E3 B5 37 BE 02 ED 92 00 49 77 .@) B...7.....Iw 0020: 46 00 A0 09 1C CF 20 50 83 1E 0C F1 49 34 26 2E F..... P....I4&. 0030: 29 ED E2 C7 F6 9C 2D 03 F7 B6 2B DF 08 31 A9 BC ).....-...+..1.. 0040: 3F A0 29 66 C7 32 BE 00 34 00 00 05 FF 01 00 01 ?.)f.2..4....... 0050: 00 0C 00 01 26 00 60 E9 E6 42 59 9D 35 5F 37 C9 ....&.`..BY.5_7. 0060: 7F FD 35 67 12 0B 8E 25 C9 CD 43 E9 27 B3 A9 67 ..5g...%..C.'..g 0070: 0F BE C5 D8 90 14 19 22 D2 C3 B3 AD 24 80 09 37 ......."....$..7 0080: 99 86 9D 1E 84 6A AB 49 FA B0 AD 26 D2 CE 6A 22 .....j.I...&..j" 0090: 21 9D 47 0B CE 7D 77 7D 4A 21 FB E9 C2 70 B5 7F !.G...w.J!...p.. 00A0: 60 70 02 F3 CE F8 39 36 94 CF 45 EE 36 88 C1 1A `p....96..E.6... 00B0: 8C 56 AB 12 7A 3D AF 00 60 30 47 0A D5 A0 05 FB .V..z=..`0G..... 00C0: 14 CE 2D 9D CD 87 E3 8B C7 D1 B1 C5 FA CB AE CB ..-............. 00D0: E9 5F 19 0A A7 A3 1D 23 C4 DB BC BE 06 17 45 44 ._.....#......ED 00E0: 40 1A 5B 2C 02 09 65 D8 C2 BD 21 71 D3 66 84 45 @.[,..e...!q.f.E 00F0: 77 1F 74 BA 08 4D 20 29 D8 3C 1C 15 85 47 F3 A9 w.t..M ).<...G.. 0100: F1 A2 71 5B E2 3D 51 AE 4D 3E 5A 1F 6A 70 64 F3 ..q[.=Q.M>Z.jpd. 0110: 16 93 3A 34 6D 3F 52 92 52 00 60 08 3C 3B 0D E0 ..:4m?R.R.`.<;.. 0120: 6E 20 A8 74 8B F6 92 0F 0C D8 6B 52 B6 8C 50 C1 n .t......kR..P. 0130: ED 9F BD 57 22 12 C5 B5 FC 1A 1B 5E A0 BC A2 1E ...W"......^.... 0140: 1D A5 A5 44 98 0B CC FB BB 0E E9 EF 67 86 A8 B5 ...D........g... 0150: AD CE 97 C5 80 41 EF E9 BF 1D C4 5D 50 D9 37 51 .....A.....]P.7Q 0160: F0 65 1F 77 62 BC D3 34 92 A8 7F 7F 42 3F 6F C6 .e.wb..4....B?o. 0170: 86 46 D5 1F A2 92 19 B2 4F 38 74 0E 00 00 00 .F......O8t.... URT-, WRITE: TLSv1 Handshake, length = 383 [Raw write]: length = 388 0000: 16 03 01 01 7F 02 00 00 4D 03 01 50 83 1E 0C 64 ........M..P...d 0010: 03 38 99 07 02 FB 40 29 20 42 F0 E3 B5 37 BE 02 .8....@) B...7.. 0020: ED 92 00 49 77 46 00 A0 09 1C CF 20 50 83 1E 0C ...IwF..... P... 0030: F1 49 34 26 2E 29 ED E2 C7 F6 9C 2D 03 F7 B6 2B .I4&.).....-...+ 0040: DF 08 31 A9 BC 3F A0 29 66 C7 32 BE 00 34 00 00 ..1..?.)f.2..4.. 0050: 05 FF 01 00 01 00 0C 00 01 26 00 60 E9 E6 42 59 .........&.`..BY 0060: 9D 35 5F 37 C9 7F FD 35 67 12 0B 8E 25 C9 CD 43 .5_7...5g...%..C 0070: E9 27 B3 A9 67 0F BE C5 D8 90 14 19 22 D2 C3 B3 .'..g......."... 0080: AD 24 80 09 37 99 86 9D 1E 84 6A AB 49 FA B0 AD .$..7.....j.I... 0090: 26 D2 CE 6A 22 21 9D 47 0B CE 7D 77 7D 4A 21 FB &..j"!.G...w.J!. 00A0: E9 C2 70 B5 7F 60 70 02 F3 CE F8 39 36 94 CF 45 ..p..`p....96..E 00B0: EE 36 88 C1 1A 8C 56 AB 12 7A 3D AF 00 60 30 47 .6....V..z=..`0G 00C0: 0A D5 A0 05 FB 14 CE 2D 9D CD 87 E3 8B C7 D1 B1 .......-........ 00D0: C5 FA CB AE CB E9 5F 19 0A A7 A3 1D 23 C4 DB BC ......_.....#... 00E0: BE 06 17 45 44 40 1A 5B 2C 02 09 65 D8 C2 BD 21 ...ED@.[,..e...! 00F0: 71 D3 66 84 45 77 1F 74 BA 08 4D 20 29 D8 3C 1C q.f.Ew.t..M ).<. 0100: 15 85 47 F3 A9 F1 A2 71 5B E2 3D 51 AE 4D 3E 5A ..G....q[.=Q.M>Z 0110: 1F 6A 70 64 F3 16 93 3A 34 6D 3F 52 92 52 00 60 .jpd...:4m?R.R.` 0120: 08 3C 3B 0D E0 6E 20 A8 74 8B F6 92 0F 0C D8 6B .<;..n .t......k 0130: 52 B6 8C 50 C1 ED 9F BD 57 22 12 C5 B5 FC 1A 1B R..P....W"...... 0140: 5E A0 BC A2 1E 1D A5 A5 44 98 0B CC FB BB 0E E9 ^.......D....... 0150: EF 67 86 A8 B5 AD CE 97 C5 80 41 EF E9 BF 1D C4 .g........A..... 0160: 5D 50 D9 37 51 F0 65 1F 77 62 BC D3 34 92 A8 7F ]P.7Q.e.wb..4... 0170: 7F 42 3F 6F C6 86 46 D5 1F A2 92 19 B2 4F 38 74 .B?o..F......O8t 0180: 0E 00 00 00 .... [Raw read]: length = 5 0000: 15 03 01 00 02 ..... [Raw read]: length = 2 0000: 02 00 .. URT-, READ: TLSv1 Alert, length = 2 URT-, RECV TLSv1 ALERT: fatal, close_notify URT-, called closeSocket() URT-, handling exception: javax.net.ssl.SSLException: Received fatal alert: close_notify FYI, this works in iOS 6.0

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  • What does it mean to double license?

    - by Adrian Panasiuk
    What does it mean to double license code? I can't just put both licenses in the source files. That would mean that I mandate users to follow the rules of both of them, but the licenses will probably be contradictory (otherwise there'd be no reason to double license). I guess this is something like in cryptographic chaining, cipher = crypt_2(crypt_1(clear)) (generally) means, that cipher is neither the output of crypt_2 on clear nor the output of crypt_1 on clear. It's the output of the composition. Likewise, in double-licensing, in reality my code has one license, it's just that this new license says please follow all of the rules of license1, or all of the rules of license2, and you are hereby granted the right to redistribute this application under this "double" license, license1 or license2, or any license under which license1 or license2 allow you to redistribute this software, in which case you shall replace the relevant licensing information in this application with that of the new license. (Does this mean that before someone may use the app under license1, he has to perform the operation of redistributing to self? How would he document the fact that he did that operation?) Am I correct. What LICENSE file and what text to put in the source files would I need if I wanted to double license on, for the sake of example, Apachev2 and GPLv3 ?

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  • OpenSSL: certificate signature failure error

    - by e-t172
    I'm trying to wget La Banque Postale's website. $ wget https://www.labanquepostale.fr/ --2009-10-08 17:25:03-- https://www.labanquepostale.fr/ Resolving www.labanquepostale.fr... 81.252.54.6 Connecting to www.labanquepostale.fr|81.252.54.6|:443... connected. ERROR: cannot verify www.labanquepostale.fr's certificate, issued by `/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL SGC CA': certificate signature failure To connect to www.labanquepostale.fr insecurely, use `--no-check-certificate'. Unable to establish SSL connection. I'm using Debian Sid. On another machine which is running Debian Sid with same software versions the command works perfectly. ca-certificates is installed on both machines (I tried removing it and reinstalling it in case a certificate got corrupted somehow, no luck). Opening https://www.labanquepostale.fr/ in Iceweasel on the same machine works perfectly. Additional information: $ openssl s_client -CApath /etc/ssl/certs -connect www.labanquepostale.fr:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=3 /C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority verify error:num=7:certificate signature failure verify return:0 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=FR/2.5.4.15=V1.0, Clause 5.(b)/serialNumber=421100645/C=FR/postalCode=75006/ST=PARIS/L=PARIS/streetAddress=115 RUE DE SEVRES/O=LA BANQUE POSTALE/OU=DISF2/CN=www.labanquepostale.fr i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL SGC CA 1 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL SGC CA i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 2 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=(c) 2006 VeriSign, Inc. - For authorized use only/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority 3 s:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority i:/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <base64-encoded certificate removed for lisibility> -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3=FR/2.5.4.15=V1.0, Clause 5.(b)/serialNumber=421100645 /C=FR/postalCode=75006/ST=PARIS/L=PARIS/streetAddress=115 RUE DE SEVRES/O=LA BANQUE POSTALE/OU=DISF2/CN=www.labanquepostale.fr issuer=/C=US/O=VeriSign, Inc./OU=VeriSign Trust Network/OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06/CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL SGC CA --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 5101 bytes and written 300 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is RC4-MD5 Server public key is 1024 bit Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : RC4-MD5 Session-ID: 0009008CB3ADA9A37CE45B464E989C82AD0793D7585858584ACE056700035363 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 1FB7DAD98B6738BEA7A3B8791B9645334F9C760837D95E3403C108058A3A477683AE74D603152F6E4BFEB6ACA48BC2C3 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1255015783 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 7 (certificate signature failure) --- Any idea why I get certificate signature failure? As if this wasn't strange enough, copy-pasting the "server certificate" mentionned in the output and running openssl verify on it returns OK...

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  • Globe SSL with NGINX SSL certificate problem, please help

    - by PartySoft
    I have a big problem with installing a certificat for nginx (same happends with apache though) I have 3 files __domain_com.crt __domain_com.ca-bundle and ssl.key. I tried to append cat __domain_com.crt __leechpack_com.ca-bundle bundle.crt but if I do it like this i get an error: [emerg]: SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file("/etc/nginx/__leechpack_com.crt") failed (SSL: error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line error:140DC009:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file:PEM lib) And that's because the delimiters of the certificates arren't separated. ZqTjb+WBJQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----------BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIE6DCCA9CgAwIBAgIQdIYhlpUQySkmKUvMi/gpLDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBv If i separate them with an enter between certificated it will at least start but i will get the same warning from Firefox: This Connection is Untrusted You have asked Firefox to connect securely to domain.com, but we can't confirm that your connection is secure. The concatenate solution it is given by Globe SSL and the NGINX site but it doesn't work. I think the bundle is ignored though. http://customer.globessl.com/knowledgebase/55/Certificate-Installation--Nginx.html http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/configuring_https_servers.html#chains%20http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpSslModule if i do openssl s_client -connect down.leechpack.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com i:/C=RO/O=GLOBE HOSTING CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY/CN=GLOBE SSL Domain Validated CA 1 s:/C=US/O=Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=GlobeSSL DV Certification Authority/CN=GlobeSSL CA i:/C=SE/O=AddTrust AB/OU=AddTrust External TTP Network/CN=AddTrust External CA Root --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFQzCCBCugAwIBAgIQRnpCmtwX7z7GTla0QktE6DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBl MQswCQYDVQQGEwJSTzEuMCwGA1UEChMlR0xPQkUgSE9TVElORyBDRVJUSUZJQ0FU SU9OIEFVVEhPUklUWTEmMCQGA1UEAxMdR0xPQkUgU1NMIERvbWFpbiBWYWxpZGF0 ZWQgQ0EwHhcNMTAwMjExMDAwMDAwWhcNMTEwMjExMjM1OTU5WjCBjTEhMB8GA1UE CxMYRG9tYWluIENvbnRyb2wgVmFsaWRhdGVkMSgwJgYDVQQLEx9Qcm92aWRlZCBi eSBHbG9iZSBIb3N0aW5nLCBJbmMuMSQwIgYDVQQLExtHbG9iZSBTdGFuZGFyZCBX aWxkY2FyZCBTU0wxGDAWBgNVBAMUDyoubGVlY2hwYWNrLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAKX7jECMlYEtcvqVWQVUpXNxO/VaHELghqy/ Ml8dOfOXG29ZMZsKUMqS0jXEwd+Bdpm31lBxOALkj8o79hX0tspLMjgtCnreaker 49y62BcjfguXRFAaiseXTNbMer5lDWiHlf1E7uCoTTiczGqBNfl6qSJlpe4rYBtq XxBAiygaNba6Owghuh19+Uj8EICb2pxbJNFfNzU1D9InFdZSVqKHYBem4Cdrtxua W4+YONsfLnnfkRQ6LOLeYExHziTQhSavSv9XaCl9Zqzm5/eWbQqLGRpSJoEPY/0T GqnmeMIq5M35SWZgOVV10j3pOCS8o0zpp7hMJd2R/HwVaPCLjukCAwEAAaOCAcQw ggHAMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFB9UlnKtPUDnlln3STFTCWb5DWtyMB0GA1UdDgQWBBT0 8rPIMr7JDa2Xs5he5VXAvMWArjAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIw ADAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwVQYDVR0gBE4wTDBKBgsr BgEEAbIxAQICGzA7MDkGCCsGAQUFBwIBFi1odHRwOi8vd3d3Lmdsb2Jlc3NsLmNv bS9kb2NzL0dsb2JlU1NMX0NQUy5wZGYwRgYDVR0fBD8wPTA7oDmgN4Y1aHR0cDov L2NybC5nbG9iZXNzbC5jb20vR0xPQkVTU0xEb21haW5WYWxpZGF0ZWRDQS5jcmww dwYIKwYBBQUHAQEEazBpMEEGCCsGAQUFBzAChjVodHRwOi8vY3J0Lmdsb2Jlc3Ns LmNvbS9HTE9CRVNTTERvbWFpblZhbGlkYXRlZENBLmNydDAkBggrBgEFBQcwAYYY aHR0cDovL29jc3AuZ2xvYmVzc2wuY29tMCkGA1UdEQQiMCCCDyoubGVlY2hwYWNr LmNvbYINbGVlY2hwYWNrLmNvbTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAB2Y7vQsq065K s+/n6nJ8ZjOKbRSPEiSuFO+P7ovlfq9OLaWRHUtJX0sLntnWY1T9hVPvS5xz/Ffl w9B8g/EVvvfMyOw/5vIyvHq722fAAC1lWU1rV3ww0ng5bgvD20AgOlIaYBvRq8EI 5Dxo2og2T1UjDN44GOSWsw5jetvVQ+SPeNPQLWZJS9pNCzFQ/3QDWNPOvHqEeRcz WkOTCqbOSZYvoSPvZ3APh+1W6nqiyoku/FCv9otSCtXPKtyVa23hBQ+iuxqIM4/R gncnUKASi6KQrWMQiAI5UDCtq1c09uzjw+JaEzAznxEgqftTOmXAJSQGqZGd6HpD ZqTjb+WBJQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com issuer=/C=RO/O=GLOBE HOSTING CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY/CN=GLOBE SSL Domain Validated CA --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 3313 bytes and written 343 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 5F9C8DC277A372E28A4684BAE5B311533AD30E251369D144A13DECA3078E067F Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9B531A75347E6E7D19D95365C1208F2ED37E4004AA8F71FC614A18937BEE2ED9F82D58925E0B3931492AD3D2AA6EFD3B Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1288618211 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate) ---

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  • dovecot imap ssl certificate issues

    - by mulllhausen
    i have been trying to configure my dovecot imap server (version 1.0.10 - upgrading is not an option at this stage) with a new ssl certificate on ubuntu like so: $ grep ^ssl /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf ssl_disable = no ssl_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/mydomain.com.crt.20120904 ssl_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/mydomain.com.key.20120904 $ /etc/init.t/dovecot stop $ sudo dovecot -p $ [i enter the ssl password here] it doesn't show any errors and when i run ps aux | grep dovecot i get root 21368 0.0 0.0 12452 688 ? Ss 15:19 0:00 dovecot -p root 21369 0.0 0.0 71772 2940 ? S 15:19 0:00 dovecot-auth dovecot 21370 0.0 0.0 14140 1904 ? S 15:19 0:00 pop3-login dovecot 21371 0.0 0.0 14140 1900 ? S 15:19 0:00 pop3-login dovecot 21372 0.0 0.0 14140 1904 ? S 15:19 0:00 pop3-login dovecot 21381 0.0 0.0 14280 2140 ? S 15:19 0:00 imap-login dovecot 21497 0.0 0.0 14280 2116 ? S 15:29 0:00 imap-login dovecot 21791 0.0 0.0 14148 1908 ? S 15:48 0:00 imap-login dovecot 21835 0.0 0.0 14148 1908 ? S 15:53 0:00 imap-login dovecot 21931 0.0 0.0 14148 1904 ? S 16:00 0:00 imap-login me 21953 0.0 0.0 5168 944 pts/0 S+ 16:02 0:00 grep --color=auto dovecot which looks like it is all running fine. so then i test to see if i can telnet to the dovecot server, and this works fine: $ telnet localhost 143 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. * OK Dovecot ready. but when i test whether dovecot has configured the ssl certificates properly, it appears to fail: $ sudo openssl s_client -connect localhost:143 -starttls imap CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /description=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/C=AU/ST=xxxxxxxx/L=xxxx/O=xxxxxx/CN=*.mydomain.com/[email protected] verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /description=xxxxxxxxxxx/C=AU/ST=xxxxxx/L=xxxx/O=xxxx/CN=*.mydomain.com/[email protected] verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 depth=0 /description=xxxxxxxx/C=AU/ST=xxxxxxxxxx/L=xxxx/O=xxxxx/CN=*.mydomain.com/[email protected] verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/description=xxxxxxxxxxxx/C=AU/ST=xxxxxxxxxx/L=xxxxxxxx/O=xxxxxxx/CN=*.mydomain.com/[email protected] i:/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . . . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/description=xxxxxxxxxx/C=AU/ST=xxxxxxxxx/L=xxxxxxx/O=xxxxxx/CN=*.mydomain.com/[email protected] issuer=/C=IL/O=StartCom Ltd./OU=Secure Digital Certificate Signing/CN=StartCom Class 2 Primary Intermediate Server CA --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 2831 bytes and written 342 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1351661960 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate) --- . OK Capability completed. at least, i'm assuming this is a failure???

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  • Globe SSL with NGINX SSL certificate problem, please help

    - by PartySoft
    Hello, I have a big problem with installing a certificat for nginx (same happends with apache though) I have 3 files __domain_com.crt __domain_com.ca-bundle and ssl.key. I tried to append cat __domain_com.crt __leechpack_com.ca-bundle bundle.crt but if I do it like this i get an error: [emerg]: SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file("/etc/nginx/__leechpack_com.crt") failed (SSL: error:0906D066:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:bad end line error:140DC009:SSL routines:SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file:PEM lib) And that's because the delimiters of the certificates arren't separated. ZqTjb+WBJQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----------BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIE6DCCA9CgAwIBAgIQdIYhlpUQySkmKUvMi/gpLDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBv If i separate them with an enter between certificated it will at least start but i will get the same warning from Firefox: This Connection is Untrusted You have asked Firefox to connect securely to domain.com, but we can't confirm that your connection is secure. The concatenate solution it is given by Globe SSL and the NGINX site but it doesn't work. I think the bundle is ignored though. http://customer.globessl.com/knowledgebase/55/Certificate-Installation--Nginx.html http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/configuring_https_servers.html#chains%20http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpSslModule if i do openssl s_client -connect down.leechpack.com:443 CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=27:certificate not trusted verify return:1 depth=0 /OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com i:/C=RO/O=GLOBE HOSTING CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY/CN=GLOBE SSL Domain Validated CA 1 s:/C=US/O=Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=GlobeSSL DV Certification Authority/CN=GlobeSSL CA i:/C=SE/O=AddTrust AB/OU=AddTrust External TTP Network/CN=AddTrust External CA Root --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIFQzCCBCugAwIBAgIQRnpCmtwX7z7GTla0QktE6DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBl MQswCQYDVQQGEwJSTzEuMCwGA1UEChMlR0xPQkUgSE9TVElORyBDRVJUSUZJQ0FU SU9OIEFVVEhPUklUWTEmMCQGA1UEAxMdR0xPQkUgU1NMIERvbWFpbiBWYWxpZGF0 ZWQgQ0EwHhcNMTAwMjExMDAwMDAwWhcNMTEwMjExMjM1OTU5WjCBjTEhMB8GA1UE CxMYRG9tYWluIENvbnRyb2wgVmFsaWRhdGVkMSgwJgYDVQQLEx9Qcm92aWRlZCBi eSBHbG9iZSBIb3N0aW5nLCBJbmMuMSQwIgYDVQQLExtHbG9iZSBTdGFuZGFyZCBX aWxkY2FyZCBTU0wxGDAWBgNVBAMUDyoubGVlY2hwYWNrLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI hvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAKX7jECMlYEtcvqVWQVUpXNxO/VaHELghqy/ Ml8dOfOXG29ZMZsKUMqS0jXEwd+Bdpm31lBxOALkj8o79hX0tspLMjgtCnreaker 49y62BcjfguXRFAaiseXTNbMer5lDWiHlf1E7uCoTTiczGqBNfl6qSJlpe4rYBtq XxBAiygaNba6Owghuh19+Uj8EICb2pxbJNFfNzU1D9InFdZSVqKHYBem4Cdrtxua W4+YONsfLnnfkRQ6LOLeYExHziTQhSavSv9XaCl9Zqzm5/eWbQqLGRpSJoEPY/0T GqnmeMIq5M35SWZgOVV10j3pOCS8o0zpp7hMJd2R/HwVaPCLjukCAwEAAaOCAcQw ggHAMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFB9UlnKtPUDnlln3STFTCWb5DWtyMB0GA1UdDgQWBBT0 8rPIMr7JDa2Xs5he5VXAvMWArjAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCBaAwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIw ADAdBgNVHSUEFjAUBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIwVQYDVR0gBE4wTDBKBgsr BgEEAbIxAQICGzA7MDkGCCsGAQUFBwIBFi1odHRwOi8vd3d3Lmdsb2Jlc3NsLmNv bS9kb2NzL0dsb2JlU1NMX0NQUy5wZGYwRgYDVR0fBD8wPTA7oDmgN4Y1aHR0cDov L2NybC5nbG9iZXNzbC5jb20vR0xPQkVTU0xEb21haW5WYWxpZGF0ZWRDQS5jcmww dwYIKwYBBQUHAQEEazBpMEEGCCsGAQUFBzAChjVodHRwOi8vY3J0Lmdsb2Jlc3Ns LmNvbS9HTE9CRVNTTERvbWFpblZhbGlkYXRlZENBLmNydDAkBggrBgEFBQcwAYYY aHR0cDovL29jc3AuZ2xvYmVzc2wuY29tMCkGA1UdEQQiMCCCDyoubGVlY2hwYWNr LmNvbYINbGVlY2hwYWNrLmNvbTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFAAOCAQEAB2Y7vQsq065K s+/n6nJ8ZjOKbRSPEiSuFO+P7ovlfq9OLaWRHUtJX0sLntnWY1T9hVPvS5xz/Ffl w9B8g/EVvvfMyOw/5vIyvHq722fAAC1lWU1rV3ww0ng5bgvD20AgOlIaYBvRq8EI 5Dxo2og2T1UjDN44GOSWsw5jetvVQ+SPeNPQLWZJS9pNCzFQ/3QDWNPOvHqEeRcz WkOTCqbOSZYvoSPvZ3APh+1W6nqiyoku/FCv9otSCtXPKtyVa23hBQ+iuxqIM4/R gncnUKASi6KQrWMQiAI5UDCtq1c09uzjw+JaEzAznxEgqftTOmXAJSQGqZGd6HpD ZqTjb+WBJQ== -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/OU=Domain Control Validated/OU=Provided by Globe Hosting, Inc./OU=Globe Standard Wildcard SSL/CN=*.domain.com issuer=/C=RO/O=GLOBE HOSTING CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY/CN=GLOBE SSL Domain Validated CA --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 3313 bytes and written 343 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 5F9C8DC277A372E28A4684BAE5B311533AD30E251369D144A13DECA3078E067F Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9B531A75347E6E7D19D95365C1208F2ED37E4004AA8F71FC614A18937BEE2ED9F82D58925E0B3931492AD3D2AA6EFD3B Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1288618211 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate) ---

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  • Why my VPN doesn't work anymore?

    - by xx77aBs
    I have openvpn server running on debian lenny. There is only one client - and it is running Windows 7 64-bit. This has worked for few months without any problems. And now, let's say for the last 7 days, it doesn't work at all. I connect successfully from client to the server, but I can't access anything through VPN. I have set it up so that all internet traffic is routed through VPN, and now when I connect with the client, the client can't do anything on the net (open any webpage, ping google, anything ...). Can you help me to figure out what's wrong ? I don't know where to start. I've also tried to connect to another openvpn server (I've installed and configured openvpn on another server, and when I try to connect to it result is the same). So I think there's something wrong with client ... Here is my connection log: Wed Apr 04 21:35:59 2012 OpenVPN 2.3-alpha1 Win32-MSVC++ [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO2] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110522-1 (2.2.0)] built on Feb 21 2012 Enter Management Password: Wed Apr 04 21:35:59 2012 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.10:25340 Wed Apr 04 21:35:59 2012 Need hold release from management interface, waiting... Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.10:25340 Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'log all on' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold off' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release' Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled. See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 Socket Buffers: R=[8192->8192] S=[8192->8192] Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568160,RESOLVE,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]11.22.33.44:1234 Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568160,WAIT,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568160,AUTH,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]11.22.33.44:1234, sid=ee329574 f15e9e04 Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=US, ST=CA, L=SanFrancisco, O=Fort-Funston, CN=Fort-Funston CA, [email protected] Wed Apr 04 21:36:00 2012 VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=US, ST=CA, L=SanFrancisco, O=Fort-Funston, CN=server_key, [email protected] Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Apr 04 21:36:01 2012 [server_key] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]11.22.33.44:1234 Wed Apr 04 21:36:02 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568162,GET_CONFIG,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 SENT CONTROL [server_key]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,redirect-gateway def1,route 172.16.100.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 172.16.100.6 172.16.100.5' Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 ROUTE_GATEWAY 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 I=15 HWADDR=00:1f:1f:3f:61:55 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 do_ifconfig, tt->ipv6=0, tt->did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568163,ASSIGN_IP,,172.16.100.6, Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 open_tun, tt->ipv6=0 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 TAP-WIN32 device [VPN] opened: \\.\Global\{E28FD52B-F6C3-4094-A36A-30CB02FAC7E8}.tap Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 TAP-Win32 Driver Version 9.9 Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 Notified TAP-Win32 driver to set a DHCP IP/netmask of 172.16.100.6/255.255.255.252 on interface {E28FD52B-F6C3-4094-A36A-30CB02FAC7E8} [DHCP-serv: 172.16.100.5, lease-time: 31536000] Wed Apr 04 21:36:03 2012 Successful ARP Flush on interface [31] {E28FD52B-F6C3-4094-A36A-30CB02FAC7E8} Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 TEST ROUTES: 2/2 succeeded len=1 ret=1 a=0 u/d=up Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 11.22.33.44 MASK 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=25 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 0.0.0.0 MASK 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.5 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 128.0.0.0 MASK 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.5 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568168,ADD_ROUTES,,, Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 C:\Windows\system32\route.exe ADD 172.16.100.1 MASK 255.255.255.255 172.16.100.5 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 ROUTE: CreateIpForwardEntry succeeded with dwForwardMetric1=30 and dwForwardType=4 Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Route addition via IPAPI succeeded [adaptive] Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed Wed Apr 04 21:36:08 2012 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1333568168,CONNECTED,SUCCESS,172.16.100.6,11.22.33.44 Client's route table after connection with OpenVPN: IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.41 281 0.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.1 172.16.100.6 31 94.23.53.45 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.41 25 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 172.16.100.1 172.16.100.6 31 172.16.100.4 255.255.255.252 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 172.16.100.6 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 172.16.100.7 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 192.168.1.41 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.41 281 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 172.16.100.6 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 Default =========================================================================== IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 13 58 ::/0 On-link 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 13 58 2001::/32 On-link 13 306 2001:0:5ef5:79fd:3cc3:6b9:ac7c:14db/128 On-link 15 281 fe80::/64 On-link 31 286 fe80::/64 On-link 13 306 fe80::/64 On-link 13 306 fe80::3cc3:6b9:ac7c:14db/128 On-link 31 286 fe80::7d72:9515:7213:35e3/128 On-link 15 281 fe80::9cec:ce3f:89de:a123/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 13 306 ff00::/8 On-link 15 281 ff00::/8 On-link 31 286 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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  • Using OpenVPN, yet netflix.com blocks access

    - by user837848
    I have set up an OpenVPN server on a VPS in the USA and configured it to route all clients traffic through it. Everything seems to work fine regarding the VPN connection in gerneral. All ip lookup sites show me the us server's ip address and even hulu.com works(it won't work if you are not in the usa). But for some reason netflix.com says "Sorry, Netflix is not available in your country yet.". So I thought that netflix probably uses some more sophisticated ways to determine your location beyond just your ip address. But I could not find a way to get it to work until I dropped the idea of using a VPN and instead connected to the server via a simple socks tunnel with ssh by running: ssh -D 9999 user@serverip All I had to do was changing the key network.proxy.socks_remote_dns in Firefox from false to true to prevent DNS leaks and setting up the socks proxy. Then I could finally watch netflix.com. As a result I concluded that there is nothing in the browser(or something like system timezone) that tells netflix the location, so it has to have something to do with the OpenVPN config. After that I used tcpdump to log all the traffic on the server's network interface venet0 (OpenVZ VPS), visited netflix.com on the client while first connected to the VPN and then connected via socks tunnel and afterwards compared both outputs. The only thing that caught my eye was that while using the socks tunnel the server mainly used ipv6 to connect to netflix whereas it only used ipv4 when the client was connected to the OpenVPN server. But I don't get how that could make such a difference. So what am I missing? Is there a way to configure OpenVPN to also use ipv6 to connect to a website although there is only an ipv4 connection between the VPS and the client? Here is the server.conf of the OpenVPN server (OpenVZ VPS) local serverip port 443 proto tcp dev tun ca ./easy-rsa2/keys/ca.crt cert ./easy-rsa2/keys/vps1.crt key ./easy-rsa2/keys/vps1.key # This file should be kept secret dh ./easy-rsa2/keys/dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" client-to-client keepalive 10 120 tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo max-clients 4 user nobody group nogroup persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log log-append openvpn.log verb 3 iptables forwarding iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to-source serverip (enabled ipv4 forwarding) I have tried everything always on a Win7 and a Debian client with only ipv4 connections and always made sure that they use the correct DNS server (tested with ipleak.net and tcpdump / wireshark). client.conf: client dev tun proto tcp remote serverip 443 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server tls-auth ta.key 1 cipher AES-256-CBC comb-lzo verb 3

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  • Using curl -s in *nix command line not working for some reason

    - by JM4
    I am trying to install composer (though to be honest I really have no idea how it fully works and documentation seems to be quite poor) on my MediaTemple DV machine. I am using their [instructions][1] Trying to install globally using: $ curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php My command line (again using putty and logged into my server as root) thinks for a second, then sets up for next prompt. I run a simple ls -l to check for the file it should have downloaded with no luck. Any idea what could be causing the issue? I have tested and do in fact have curl installed. UPDATE 1 Based on the first answer, the verbose response is: > $ curl -vs https://getcomposer.org/installer | php > * About to connect() to getcomposer.org port 443 > * Trying 37.59.4.156... connected > * Connected to getcomposer.org (37.59.4.156) port 443 > * successfully set certificate verify locations: > * CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none > * SSLv2, Client hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key > exchange (12): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): SSLv3, TLS > handshake, Client key exchange (16): SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client > hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): SSLv3, TLS change > cipher, Client hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): SSL > connection using DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA > * Server certificate: > * subject: /C=CH/CN=dl.packagist.org/[email protected] > * start date: 2012-07-07 23:25:35 GMT > * expire date: 2013-07-10 02:55:12 GMT > * SSL: certificate subject name 'dl.packagist.org' does not match target host name 'getcomposer.org' > * Closing connection #0 > * SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1): > > > [1]: http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md

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  • Postfix: Relay access denied

    - by Joseph Silvashy
    When I telnet to my server thats running postfix and try to send an email: MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> #=> 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> #=> 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied I couldn't really find the answer on the site or by looking at other users question/answers, I'm not sure where to start. Ideas? Update So basically looking at the docs: http://www.postfix.org/SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html (section: Getting selective with SMTP access restriction lists), I don't seem to have any of those directives in etc/postfix/main.cf like smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject or any of the other ones, so I'm quite confused. But really I'm going to have a rails app connect to the server and send the emails, so I'm not sure how to handle it. Here is what my config file looks like: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = rerecipe-utils alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, mail.rerecipe.com, rerecipe.com relayhost = mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 204.232.207.0/24 10.177.64.0/19 [::1]/128 [fe80::%eth0]/64 [fe80::%eth1]/64 Something to note is that relayhost is blank, this is the default configuration file that was created when I installed Postfix, when testing to connect with openssl I get this: ~% openssl s_client -connect mail.myhostname.com:25 -starttls smtp CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /CN=myhostname verify error:num=18:self signed certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /CN=myhostname verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/CN=myhostname i:/CN=myhostname --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBqTCCARICCQDDxVr+420qvjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAZMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5y ZXJlY2lwZS11dGlsczAeFw0xMDEwMTMwNjU1MTVaFw0yMDEwMTAwNjU1MTVaMBkx FzAVBgNVBAMTDnJlcmVjaXBlLXV0aWxzMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCB iQKBgQDODh2w4A1k0qiPNPhkrPj8sfkxpKPTk28AuZhgOEBYBLeHacTKNH0jXxPv P3TyhINijvvdDPzyuPJoTTliR2EHR/nL4DLhr5FzhV+PB4PsIFUER7arx+1sMjz6 5l/Ubu1ppMzW9U0IFNbaPm2AiiGBQRCQN8L0bLUjzVzwoSRMOQIDAQABMA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBALi2vvk9TGKJubXYJbU0PKmVmsfzFK35yLqr0keiDBhK2Leg 274sWxEH3ds8mUaRftuFlXb7RYAGNlVyTuMTY3CEcnqIsH7F2McCUTpjMzu/o1mZ O/B21CelKetBd1u79Gkrv2vWyN7Csft6uTx5NIGG2+pGi3r0gX2r0Hbu2K94 -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/CN=myhostname issuer=/CN=myhostname --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1203 bytes and written 360 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 1024 bit Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 1AA4B8BFAAA85DA9ED4755194C50311670E57C35B8C51F9C2749936DA11918E4 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9B432F1DE9F3580DCC6208C76F96631DC5A4BC517BDBADD5F514414DCF34AC526C30687B96C5C4742E9583555A118232 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1292985376 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate) --- 250 DSN Oddly enough when I try to send an email from the machine itself it does work: echo test | mail -s "test subject" [email protected]

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  • Sendmail smtp-auth issues

    - by SlackO
    I'm running into a problem with Sendmail trying to implement SMTP- auth. I"m running 8.14.5 and have saslauthd running under FreeBSD 7.0-R. I don't believe I have starttls enabled (but I also compiled a version with it and have been testing it too - same problem) - just looking for basic auth, but am wondering if my configuration is not compatible with modern mail clients? I don't think I have any certs set up. It seems an older version of Microsoft Outlook Express works fine with SMTP-auth with no problems, but Outlook 2010 won't work, and neither will Eudora (basic settings to not use encryption and use same uid/pw as pop3 account name) When trying to send mail the server reports: "550 571 Relaying Denied. Proper authentication required." Is there some config that I am missing? Why does it work with Outlook Express but not other e-mail clients? my site.config.m4 has: APPENDDEF(confENVDEF',-DSASL=2') APPENDDEF(conf_sendmail_LIBS',-lsasl2') dnl APPENDDEF(confLIBDIRS',-L/usr/local/lib/sasl2') APPENDDEF(confLIBDIRS',-L/usr/local/lib') APPENDDEF(confINCDIRS',-I/usr/local/include') My sendmail.mc has: define(ConfAUTH_OPTIONS',A') TRUST_AUTH_MECH(LOGIN PLAIN')dnl define(ConfAUTH_MECHANISMS',`LOGIN PLAIN')dnl My /usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf has: pwcheck_method: saslauthd When I restart sendmail this shows up in the logs: Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[79090]: restarting /usr/sbin/sendmail due to signal Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81145]: starting daemon (8.14.5): SMTP+queueing@00:30:00 Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81147]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mxgw1.mail.nationalnet.com., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81148]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mxgw1.mail.nationalnet.com., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 testing on the cmd line: telnet localhost 587 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 xxxt ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.5/8.14.5; Fri, 15 Jun 2012 18:28:03 -0500 (CDT) ehlo localhost 250-xxxx Hello localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-PIPELINING 250-8BITMIME 250-SIZE 250-DSN 250-AUTH GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN 250-DELIVERBY 250 HELP I am not using any certs or ssl right now - just trying to get basic auth to work. Anyone have any ideas?

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  • Slash after domain in URL missing for Rails site

    - by joshee
    After redirecting users in a Rails app, for some reason the slash after the domain is missing. Generated URLs are invalid and I'm forced to manually correct them. The problem only occurs on a subdomain. On a different primary domain (same server), everything works ok. For example, after logging out, the site is directing to https://www.sub.domain.comlogin/ rather than https://www.sub.domain.com/login I suspect the issue has something to do with the vhost setup, but I'm not sure. Here are the broken and working vhosts: BROKEN SUBDOMAIN <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.sub.domain.com ServerAlias sub.domain.com Redirect permanent / https://www.sub.domain.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.sub.domain.com ServerAlias sub.domain.com RailsEnv production # SSL Engine Switch SSLEngine on # SSL Cipher Suite: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /path/to/server.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/server.key # Set header to indentify https requests for Mongrel RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO "https" BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 DocumentRoot /home/usr/www/www.sub.domain.com/current/public/ <Directory "/home/usr/www/www.sub.domain.com/current/public"> AllowOverride all Allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> WORKING PRIMARY DOMAIN <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.diffdomain.com ServerAlias diffdomain.com Redirect permanent / https://www.diffdomain.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.diffdomain.com ServerAlias diffdomain.com ServerAlias *.diffdomain.com RailsEnv production # SSL Engine Switch SSLEngine on # SSL Cipher Suite: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /path/to/server.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/server.key # Set header to indentify https requests for Mongrel RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO "https" BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 DocumentRoot /home/usr/www/www.diffdomain.com/current/public/ <Directory "/home/usr/www/www.diffdomain.com/current/public"> AllowOverride all Allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> Please let me know if there's anything else I could provide that would help determine what's wrong here. UPDATE tried adding a trailing slash to the redirect command, but still no luck.

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  • Repeated disconnects on WPA PEAP network

    - by exasperated
    My school has a WPA PEAP network with GTC inner authentication. I am able to connect to the network, but once I load a website or two, the network become unresponsive (i.e. in Chromium, it gets stuck at "Sending request"), and I'm eventually disconnected. Any help will be greatly appreciated. Here's some log output. I can provide more if needed: Ubuntu 13.04 3.8.0-32-generic x86_64 lsusb: 03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Advanced-N 6235 (rev 24) lsmod: iwldvm                241872  0  mac80211              606457  1 iwldvm iwlwifi               173516  1 iwldvm cfg80211              511019  3 iwlwifi,mac80211,iwldvm dmesg: [    3.501227] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: irq 46 for MSI/MSI-X [    3.503541] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: loaded firmware version 18.168.6.1 [    3.527153] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEBUG disabled [    3.527162] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEBUGFS enabled [    3.527170] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEVICE_TRACING enabled [    3.527178] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEVICE_TESTMODE enabled [    3.527186] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: CONFIG_IWLWIFI_P2P disabled [    3.527192] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Detected Intel(R) Centrino(R) Advanced-N 6235 AGN, REV=0xB0 [    3.527240] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [    3.551049] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'iwl-agn-rs' [  375.153065] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [  375.159727] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [  375.553201] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [  375.559871] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 1892.110738] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 1892.117357] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 5227.235372] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 5227.242122] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 5817.817954] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 5817.824560] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 5824.571917] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use [ 5824.571929] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 5824.571935] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 6956.290061] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 6956.296671] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 6963.080560] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use [ 6963.080566] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 6963.080570] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 7613.469241] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 7613.475870] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 7620.201265] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use [ 7620.201278] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 7620.201285] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 8232.762453] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [ 8232.769065] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [ 8239.581772] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT/VHT due to WEP/TKIP use [ 8239.581784] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [ 8239.581792] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP [13763.634808] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [13763.641427] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 [16955.598953] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: L1 Disabled; Enabling L0S [16955.605574] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Radio type=0x2-0x1-0x0 lshw:    *-network        description: Wireless interface        product: Centrino Advanced-N 6235        vendor: Intel Corporation        physical id: 0        bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0        logical name: wlan0        version: 24        serial: b4:b6:76:a0:4b:3c        width: 64 bits        clock: 33MHz        capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless        configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.8.0-32-generic firmware=18.168.6.1 ip=10.250.169.96 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn        resources: irq:46 memory:f7c00000-f7c01fff iwlist scan: Cell 02 - Address: 24:DE:C6:B0:C7:D9                     Channel:36                     Frequency:5.18 GHz (Channel 36)                     Quality=29/70  Signal level=-81 dBm                       Encryption key:on                     ESSID:"CatChat2x"                     Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s                               36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s                     Mode:Master                     Extra:tsf=0000004ff3fe419b                     Extra: Last beacon: 27820ms ago                     IE: Unknown: 0009436174436861743278                     IE: Unknown: 01088C129824B048606C                     IE: Unknown: 030124                     IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1                         Group Cipher : CCMP                         Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                         Authentication Suites (1) : 802.1x                     IE: Unknown: 2D1ACC011BFFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: 3D1624001B000000FF000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00                     IE: Unknown: DD1E00904C33CC011BFFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: DD1A00904C3424001B000000FF000000000000000000000000000000           Cell 04 - Address: 24:DE:C6:B0:C3:E9                     Channel:149                     Frequency:5.745 GHz                     Quality=28/70  Signal level=-82 dBm                       Encryption key:on                     ESSID:"CatChat2x"                     Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s                               36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s                     Mode:Master                     Extra:tsf=000000181f60e19c                     Extra: Last beacon: 28680ms ago                     IE: Unknown: 0009436174436861743278                     IE: Unknown: 01088C129824B048606C                     IE: Unknown: 030195                     IE: Unknown: 050400010000                     IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1                         Group Cipher : CCMP                         Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP                         Authentication Suites (1) : 802.1x                     IE: Unknown: 2D1ACC011BFFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: 3D1695001B000000FF000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00                     IE: Unknown: DD1E00904C33CC011BFFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: DD1A00904C3495001B000000FF000000000000000000000000000000                     IE: Unknown: DD07000B8601040817                     IE: Unknown: DD0E000B860103006170313930333032           Cell 09 - Address: 24:DE:C6:B0:C0:29                     Channel:149                     Frequency:5.745 GHz                     Quality=39/70  Signal level=-71 dBm                       Encryption key:on                     ESSID:"CatChat2x"                     Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s                               36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s                     Mode:Master                     Extra:tsf=00000112fb688ede                     Extra: Last beacon: 27716ms ago ifconfig (while connected): wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b4:b6:76:a0:4b:3c             inet addr:10.250.16.220  Bcast:10.250.31.255  Mask:255.255.240.0           inet6 addr: fe80::b6b6:76ff:fea0:4b3c/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:230023 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:130970 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:255999759 (255.9 MB)  TX bytes:16652605 (16.6 MB) iwconfig (while connected): wlan0     IEEE 802.11abgn  ESSID:"CatChat2x"             Mode:Managed  Frequency:5.745 GHz  Access Point: 24:DE:C6:B0:C0:29              Bit Rate=6 Mb/s   Tx-Power=15 dBm              Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off           Power Management:off           Link Quality=36/70  Signal level=-74 dBm             Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0           Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:3   Missed beacon:0

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  • Multiple OpenSSL vulnerabilities in Sun SPARC Enterprise M-series XCP Firmware

    - by RitwikGhoshal
    CVE DescriptionCVSSv2 Base ScoreComponentProduct and Resolution CVE-2008-5077 Improper Input Validation vulnerability 5.8 OpenSSL in XCP1113 Firmware Sun SPARC Enterprise M3000 SPARC: 14216085 Sun SPARC Enterprise M4000 SPARC: 14216091 Sun SPARC Enterprise M5000 SPARC: 14216093 Sun SPARC Enterprise M8000 SPARC: 14216096 Sun SPARC Enterprise M9000 SPARC: 14216098 CVE-2008-7270 Cryptographic Issues vulnerability 4.3 CVE-2009-0590 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability 5.0 CVE-2009-3245 Improper Input Validation vulnerability 10.0 CVE-2010-4180 Cipher suite downgrade vulnerability 4.3 This notification describes vulnerabilities fixed in third-party components that are included in Oracle's product distributions.Information about vulnerabilities affecting Oracle products can be found on Oracle Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts page.

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  • Can't control connection bit rate using iwconfig with Atheros TL-WN821N (AR7010)

    - by Paul H
    I'm trying to reduce the connection bit rate on my Atheros TP-Link TL-WN821N v3 usb wifi adapter due to frequent instability issues (reported connection speed goes down to 1Mb/s and I have to physically reconnect the adapter to regain a connection). I know this is a common problem with this device, and I have tried everything I can think of to fix it, including using drivers from linux-backports; compiling and installing a custom firmware (following instructions on https://wiki.debian.org/ath9k_htc#fw-free) and (as a last resort) using ndiswrapper. When using ndiswrapper, the wifi adapter is stable and operates in g mode at 54Mb/s (whilst when using the default ath9k_htc module, the adapter connects in n mode and the bit rate fluctuates constantly). Unfortunately, with this setup I have to run my processor using only one core, since using SMP with ndiswrapper causes a kernel oops on my system. So I want to lock my bit rate to 54Mb/s (or less, if need be) for connection stability, using the ath9k_htc module. I've tried 'sudo iwconfig wlan0 rate 54M'; the command runs with no error but when I check the bit rate with 'sudo iwlist wlan0 bitrate' the command returns: wlan0 unknown bit-rate information. Current Bit Rate:78 Mb/s Any ideas? Here's some info (hopefully relevant) on my setup: Xubuntu (12.04.3) 64bit (kernel 3.2.0-55.85-generic) using Network Manager. My Router is from Virgin Media, the VMDG480. lshw -C network : *-network description: Wireless interface physical id: 1 bus info: usb@1:4 logical name: wlan0 serial: 74:ea:3a:8f:16:b6 capabilities: ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k_htc driverversion=3.2.0-55 firmware=1.3 ip=192.168.0.9 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn lsusb -v: Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0cf3:7015 Atheros Communications, Inc. TP-Link TL-WN821N v3 802.11n [Atheros AR7010+AR9287] Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class bDeviceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass bDeviceProtocol 255 Vendor Specific Protocol bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x0cf3 Atheros Communications, Inc. idProduct 0x7015 TP-Link TL-WN821N v3 802.11n [Atheros AR7010+AR9287] bcdDevice 2.02 iManufacturer 16 ATHEROS iProduct 32 UB95 iSerial 48 12345 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 60 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 500mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 6 bInterfaceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class bInterfaceSubClass 0 bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x01 EP 1 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 1 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x04 EP 4 OUT bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 1 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x05 EP 5 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x06 EP 6 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class bDeviceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass bDeviceProtocol 255 Vendor Specific Protocol bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) iwlist wlan0 scanning: wlan0 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: C4:3D:C7:3A:1F:5D Channel:1 Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1) Quality=37/70 Signal level=-73 dBm Encryption key:on ESSID:"my essid" Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Bit Rates:6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Mode:Master Extra:tsf=00000070cca77186 Extra: Last beacon: 5588ms ago IE: Unknown: 0007756E69636F726E IE: Unknown: 010882848B962430486C IE: Unknown: 030101 IE: Unknown: 2A0100 IE: Unknown: 2F0100 IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: 32040C121860 IE: Unknown: 2D1AFC181BFFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 IE: Unknown: 3D1601080400000000000000000000000000000000000000 IE: Unknown: DD7E0050F204104A0001101044000102103B00010310470010F99C335D7BAC57FB00137DFA79600220102100074E657467656172102300074E6574676561721024000631323334353610420007303030303030311054000800060050F20400011011000743473331303144100800022008103C0001011049000600372A000120 IE: Unknown: DD090010180203F02C0000 IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD180050F2020101800003A4000027A4000042435E0062322F00 iwconfig: lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"my essid" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: C4:3D:C7:3A:1F:5D Bit Rate=78 Mb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=36/70 Signal level=-74 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0,

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  • Do encryption algorithms require an internal hashing algorithm?

    - by Rudi
    When I use C# to implement the AES symmetric encryption cipher, I noticed: PasswordDeriveBytes derivedPassword = new PasswordDeriveBytes(password, saltBytesArray, hashAlgorithmName, numPasswordIterations); Why do I need to use a hashing algorithm for AES encryption? Aren't they separate? Or is the hashing algorithm only used to create a secure key? The AES algorithm doesn't use a hashing algorithm internally does it?

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  • Basic principles of computer encryption?

    - by Andrew
    I can see how a cipher can be developed using substitutions and keys, and how those two things can become more and more complex, thus offering some protection from decryption through brute-force approaches. But specifically I'm wondering: what other major concepts beyond substitution and key are involved? is the protection/secrecy of the key a greater vulnerability than the strength of the encryption? why does encryption still hold up when the key is 'public' ? are performance considerations a major obstacle to the development of more secure encryption?

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