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  • Ideal HTTP cache control headers for different types of resources

    - by chris_l
    I want to find a minimal set of headers, that work with "all" caches and browsers (also when using HTTPS!) On my (GWT-based) web site, I'll have three kinds of resources: 1. Forever cacheable (public / equal for all users) These files don't ever change, and they get a filename based on the MD5 of their contents (this is GWT's approach). They should get cached as much as possible, even when using HTTPS (so I assume, I should set Cache-Control: public, especially for Firefox?) 2. Changing for every new version of the site (public / equal for all users) These files can be cached, but probably need to be revalidated every time. 3. Individual for each request (private / user specific) These resources (e. g. JSON responses) should never be cached unencrypted to disk under no circumstances. (Maybe I'll have a few specific requests that could be cached.) I have a general idea on which headers I would probably use for each type, but there's always something I could be missing.

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  • How should clients handle HTTP 401 with unknown authentication schemes?

    - by user113215
    What is the proper behavior for an HTTP client receiving a 401 Unauthorized response that specifies only unrecognized authentication schemes? My server supports Kerberos authentication using WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate. On the first request, the server sends a 401 Unauthorized response with a body containing an HTML document. The behavior that I expect is for clients that support Kerberos to perform that authentication and for other clients to simply display the HTML document (a login form). It seems that most of the "other clients" I've encountered do work this way, but a few do not. I haven't found anything that mandates any particular behavior in this situation. There's a brief mention in RFC 2617: HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication, but is there anything more concrete? It is possible that a server may want to require Digest as its authentication method, even if the server does not know that the client supports it. A client is encouraged to fail gracefully if the server specifies only authentication schemes it cannot handle.

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  • mp3 compression MPEG1 vs MPEG2

    - by Remus Rigo
    hi all I'm using CDex for converting wav to mp3 and I wanted to ask you guys what version to use MPEG I has max of 320kbps MPEG II has max of 160kbps MPEG II.5 has max of 160kbps I'm looking for a better quality, and I want to know if it's better to use a greater version witch has a lower kbps (like MPEG II.5)... thanks

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  • mod_deflate Supported Encodings for Compression

    - by sparc
    It seems to me, that mod_deflate in Apache 2.2 will always return: Content-Encoding: gzip and never: Content-Encoding: deflate It was explained to me, that although there may be a deflate algorithm, mod_deflate is named after a file-format, in which the algorithm could be any of: gzip, bzip. pkzip Of those three, mod_deflate provides gzip. It seems as though gzip is the most popular and widely-supported algorithm in web browsers, but I know some web servers and proxies do return Content-Encoding: deflate. Aside from the confusion of the module's name, it true that mod_deflate will only return Content-Encoding: gzip? Thank you.

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  • Windows command line built-in compression/decompression tool?

    - by Will Marcouiller
    I need to write a batch file to unzip files to their current folder from a given root folder. Folder 0 |----- Folder 1 | |----- File1.zip | |----- File2.zip | |----- File3.zip | |----- Folder 2 | |----- File4.zip | |----- Folder 3 |----- File5.zip |----- FileN.zip So, I wish that my batch file is launched like so: ocd.bat /d="Folder 0" Then, make it iterate from within the batch file through all of the subfolders to unzip the files exactly where the .zip files are located. So here's my question: Does the Windows (from XP at least) have a command line for its embedded zip tool? Otherwise, shall I stick to another third-party util?

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  • Video compression artifacts in Flash

    - by lvanderhart
    This only started happening in the past two days, which seems very odd to me. Everything worked flawlessly up until now, and I use my my computer as my primary TV. Flash video from Hulu and Amazon, for no apparent reason, now have lots of artifacts in them. Some scenes are ok, but some are completely scrambled and unwatchable. My connection is a 15mb fios, and bandwidth tests indicate my connection speed is ok. I've tried the latest production version of Flash, as well as the 10.1RC4. Same problem. Enabling or disabling hardware acceleration in Flash makes no difference (with the scrambling issue, quality is better overall with hardware). Using a different H264 codec doesn't clean up the issue, although the scrambling does look different. I'm kind of stumped. The only thing I can think of now is to reinstall windows, which is obviously a drastic step. Edit: Forgot to say: Windows 7, Athlon 64X2, Geforce GTS 250

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  • Windows command line built-in compression/extraction tool?

    - by Will Marcouiller
    I need to write a batch file to unzip files to their current folder from a given root folder. Folder 0 |----- Folder 1 | |----- File1.zip | |----- File2.zip | |----- File3.zip | |----- Folder 2 | |----- File4.zip | |----- Folder 3 |----- File5.zip |----- FileN.zip So, I wish that my batch file is launched like so: ocd.bat /d="Folder 0" Then, make it iterate from within the batch file through all of the subfolders to unzip the files exactly where the .zip files are located. So here's my question: Does the Windows (from XP at least) have a command line for its embedded zip tool? Otherwise, shall I stick to another third-party util?

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  • http requests, using sprites and file sizes -

    - by crazy sarah
    Hi all I'm in the process of finding out all about sprites and how they can speed up your pages. So I've used spriteMe to create a overall sprite image which is 130kb, this is made up of 14 images with a combined total size of about 65kb So is it better to have one http request and a file size of 130kb or 14 requests for a total of 65kb? Also there is a detailed image which has been put into the spite which caused it's size to go up by about 60kb odd, this used to be a seperate jpg image which was only 30kb. Would I be better off having it seperate and suffering the additional request?

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  • How can I use a Windows 2003 server as a HTTP proxy?

    - by Will
    I'd like to set up an HTTP proxy on a windows 2003 server so that I can access blocked websites such as YouTube from behind a corporate firewall (DAMN THE MAN!). I've never done this before, so I'm not even sure if the picture I have in my head is valid or possible. So I'm stuck behind a firewall that blocks sites that I need to access occasionally but that are blocked because of abuse by slackers. I've got a Windows 2003 server hosted out on the internet (i.e., outside of this odious firewall). I know I can configure my browser to use a proxy for my HTTP traffic, so why not use my server? What I'd like to know is: Is my concept valid? Can this be done, and will it work? How do I configure my server to act as a proxy? What applications may I have to install? Free is fine but don't leave out commercial software TIA

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  • Are HTTP requests cached? [closed]

    - by nischayn22
    Many HTTP requests are sent repeatedly by browsers on almost every page load, such as requesting the jQuery .js file etc. Since these are already used on too many sites doesn't modern browsers keep a cache for this? I am thinking of a system where the browser has a cached copy of the .js file used very very frequently. On a new request for the .js file, it sends the server a request for a hash of the .js file (provided the server can reply to that) and compares the returned hash with the cached copy's hash... rest is intuitive.

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  • Should HTTP Verbs Be Used Semantically?

    - by Xophmeister
    If I'm making a web application which integrates with a server-side backend, would it be considered best practice to use HTTP methods semantically? That is, for example, if I'm fetching data (e.g., to populate a menu, etc.), I would use GET, but to update data (e.g., save a record), I would use POST. (I realise there are other methods that may be even more appropriate, but we need to consider browser support.) I can see the benefits of this in the sense that it's effectively a RESTful API, but at a slightly increased development cost. In my previous projects, I've POST'd everything: Is it worth switching to a RESTful mindset simply for the sake of best practice?

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  • Parser, send an argument/receive xml (receive already done/ send not)

    - by bruno
    public List<Afood> getFoodFromCat(String cat) { String resultado = ""; List<Afood> list = new ArrayList<Afood>(); try { URL xpto = new URL("http://10.0.2.2/webservice/nutrituga/get_food_by_cat.php"); HttpURLConnection conn; conn = (HttpURLConnection) xpto.openConnection(); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.connect(); InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); try { DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse(is); NodeList nl = doc.getElementsByTagName("item"); // resultado = String.valueOf(nl.getLength()); for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) { Node n = nl.item(i); Node childNode = n.getFirstChild(); while (childNode != null) { if (childNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { if (childNode.getNodeName().equalsIgnoreCase( "NAME_FOOD")) { Node valor = childNode.getFirstChild(); // resultado = resultado + valor.getNodeValue(); list.add(new Afood(valor.getNodeValue(), "", (int) Math.round(Math.random()), 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)); } } childNode = childNode.getNextSibling(); } } return list; } catch (ParserConfigurationException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (SAXException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return list; } I have this function that receives a xml and copy it to the list. This is well implemented. What i want do to know, is to send a category (that i receive like an argument of the function) and receive only the food from that category. The server is ready to receive the category and to send the food from that category. What do i have to do to send the category and receive the correct xml?

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  • Compression algorithm for IEEE-754 data

    - by David Taylor
    Anyone have a recommendation on a good compression algorithm that works well with double precision floating point values? We have found that the binary representation of floating point values results in very poor compression rates with common compression programs (e.g. Zip, RAR, 7-Zip etc). The data we need to compress is a one dimensional array of 8-byte values sorted in monotonically increasing order. The values represent temperatures in Kelvin with a span typically under of 100 degrees. The number of values ranges from a few hundred to at most 64K. Clarifications All values in the array are distinct, though repetition does exist at the byte level due to the way floating point values are represented. A lossless algorithm is desired since this is scientific data. Conversion to a fixed point representation with sufficient precision (~5 decimals) might be acceptable provided there is a significant improvement in storage efficiency. Update Found an interesting article on this subject. Not sure how applicable the approach is to my requirements. http://users.ices.utexas.edu/~burtscher/papers/dcc06.pdf

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  • Byte-Pairing for data compression

    - by user1669533
    Question about Byte-Pairing for data compression. If byte pairing converts two byte values to a single byte value, splitting the file in half, then taking a gig file and recusing it 16 times shrinks it to 62,500,000. My question is, is byte-pairing really efficient? Is the creation of a 5,000,000 iteration loop, to be conservative, efficient? I would like some feed back on and some incisive opinions please. Dave, what I read was: "The US patent office no longer grants patents on perpetual motion machines, but has recently granted at least two patents on a mathematically impossible process: compression of truly random data." I was not inferring the Patent Office was actually considering what I am inquiring about. I was merely commenting on the notion of a "mathematically impossible process." If someone has, in some way created a method of having a "single" data byte as a placeholder of 8 individual bytes of data, that would be a consideration for a patent. Now, about the mathematically impossibility of an 8 to 1 compression method, it is not so much a mathematically impossibility, but a series of rules and conditions that can be created. As long as there is the rule of 8 or 16 bit representation of storing data on a medium, there are ways to manipulate data that mirrors current methods, or creation by a new way of thinking.

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  • When to use http status code 404

    - by Sybiam
    I am working on a project and after arguing with people at work for about more than a hour. I decided to know what people on stack-exchange might say. We're writing an API for a system, there is a query that should return a tree of Organization or a tree of Goals. The tree of Organization is the organization in which the user is present, In other words, this tree should always exists. In the organization, a tree of goal should be always present. (that's where the argument started). In case where the tree doesn't exist, my co-worker decided that it would be right to answer response with status code 200. And then started asking me to fix my code because the application was falling apart when there is no tree. I'll try to spare flames and fury. I suggested to raise a 404 error when there is no tree. It would at least let me know that something is wrong. When using 200, I have to add special check to my response in the success callback to handle errors. I'm expecting to receive an object, but I may actually receive an empty response because nothing is found. It sounds totally fair to mark the response as a 404. And then war started and I got the message that I didn't understand HTTP status code schema. So I'm here and asking what's wrong with 404 in this case? I even got the argument "It found nothing, so it's right to return 200". I believe that it's wrong since the tree should be always present. If we found nothing and we are expecting something, it should be a 404. Extra Also, I believe the best answer to the problem is to create default objects when organizations are created, having no tree shouldn't be a valid case and should be seen as an undefined behavior. There is no way an account can be used without both trees. For that reasons, they should be always present.

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  • Suggested HTTP REST status code for 'request limit reached'

    - by Andras Zoltan
    I'm putting together a spec for a REST service, part of which will incorporate the ability to throttle users service-wide and on groups of, or on individual, resources. Equally, time-outs for these would be configurable per resource/group/service. I'm just looking through the HTTP 1.1 spec and trying to decide how I will communicate to a client that a request will not be fulfilled because they've reached their limit. Initially I figured that client code 403 - Forbidden was the one, but this, from the spec: Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated bothered me. It actually appears that 503 - Service Unavailable is a better one to use - since it allows for the communication of a retry time through the use of the Retry-After header. It's possible that in the future I might look to support 'purchasing' more requests via eCommerce (in which case it would be nice if client code 402 - Payment Required had been finalized!) - but I figure that this could equally be squeezed into a 503 response too. Which do you think I should use? Or is there another I've not considered?

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  • Browser privacy improvement implications for websites

    - by phq
    On https://panopticlick.eff.org/ EFF let you test the number of uniquely identifying bits that the browser gives a website. Among these are HTTP header fields such as User-Agent, Accept, Accept-Language and later perhaps ETAG and If-Modified-Since. Also there is a lot of Information that javascript can get from the browser such as time-zone, screen resolution, complete list of fonts and plugins available. My first impression is, is all this information really usable/used on a majority of all websites? For example, how many sites does really send different content-types depending on the http accept header, or what fonts are available(I thought css had taken care of this)? Let's say of these headers/js functionality on day would be gone. Which ones would; never be noticed they were gone? impact user experience? impact server performance? immediately reimplemented because the Internet cannot work without it? Extra credit for differentiating between what can be done, what should be done and what is done in most situations.

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  • What is the HTTP_PROFILE browser header and how is it used?

    - by Tom
    I've just come across the HTTP_PROFILE header that seems to be used by mobile browsers to point to an .xml document describing the device's capabilities. Doing a Google search doesn't turn up any definitive resources on what this is and how it should be used, can anyone point me to something along the lines of a spec/W3C standard?

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  • How to redirect http requests to http (nginx)

    - by spuder
    There appear to be many questions and guides out there that instruct how to setup nginx to redirect http requests to https. Many are outdated, or just flat out wrong. server { listen *:80; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; #root /nowhere; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; #return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://192.168.33.10$request_uri; return 301 http://$host$request_uri; } server { listen *:443 ssl default_server; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; server_tokens off; root <%= @git_home %>/gitlab/public; ssl on; ssl_certificate <%= @gitlab_ssl_cert %>; ssl_certificate_key <%= @gitlab_ssl_key %>; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers AES:HIGH:!ADH:!MDF; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { # serve static files from defined root folder;. # @gitlab is a named location for the upstream fallback, see below try_files $uri $uri/index.html $uri.html @gitlab; } # if a file, which is not found in the root folder is requested, # then the proxy pass the request to the upsteam (gitlab puma) location @gitlab { proxy_read_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_connect_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_redirect off; ect.... I've restarted after every configuration change, and yet I still only get the 'Welcome to nginx' page when visiting http://192.168.33.10. whereas https://192.168.33.10 works perfectly. Why will nginx still not redirect http requests to https? tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:41:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:44:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 133 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" tailf /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.lob 2013/10/22 02:29:14 [crit] 27226#0: *1 connect() to unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.33.1, server: gitlab.localdomain, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket:/", host: "192.168.33.10" Resources http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls How to make nginx redirect How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx? nginx ssl redirect Nginx & Https Redirection https://www.tinywp.in/301-redirect-wordpress/ How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx?

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  • HTTP Content-type header for cached files

    - by Brian
    Hello, Using Apache with mod_rewrite, when I load a .css or .js file and view the HTTP headers, the Content-type is only set correctly the first time I load it - subsequent refreshes are missing Content-type altogether and it's creating some problems for me. Specifically, gzip is not compressing these files. I can get around this by appending a random query string value to the end of each filename, eg. http://www.site.com/script.js?12345 However, I don't want to have to do that, since caching is good and all I want is for the Content-type to be present. I've tried using a RewriteRule to force the type but still didn't solve the problem. Any ideas? Thanks, Brian More Details: HTTP headers WITHOUT random query string value: http://localhost/script.js GET /script.js HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3 Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 115 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://localhost/ Cookie: PHPSESSID=ke3p35v5qbus24che765p9jni5; If-Modified-Since: Thu, 29 Apr 2010 15:49:56 GMT If-None-Match: "3440e9-119ed-485621404f100" Cache-Control: max-age=0 HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2010 20:19:44 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8l DAV/2 PHP/5.3.1 Connection: Keep-Alive Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Etag: "3440e9-119ed-485621404f100" Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Pad: avoid browser bug HTTP headers WITH random query string value: http://localhost/script.js?c947344de8278053f6edbb4365550b25 GET /script.js?c947344de8278053f6edbb4365550b25 HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; en-US; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3 Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 115 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://localhost/ Cookie: PHPSESSID=ke3p35v5qbus24che765p9jni5; HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2010 20:14:40 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8l DAV/2 PHP/5.3.1 Last-Modified: Thu, 29 Apr 2010 15:49:56 GMT Etag: "3440e9-119ed-485621404f100" Accept-Ranges: bytes Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Encoding: gzip Content-Length: 24605 Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: application/javascript

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  • I need to choose a compression algorithm

    - by chiz
    I need to choose a compression algorithm to compress some data. I don't know the type of data I'll be compressing in advance (think of it as kinda like the WinRAR program). I've heard of the following algorithms but I don't know which one I should use. Can anyone post a short list of pros and cons? For my application the first priority is decompression speed; the second priority is space saved. Compression (not decompression) speed is irrelevant. Deflate Implode Plain Huffman bzip2 lzma

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  • Large number array compression

    - by gatapia
    Hi All, I've got a javascript application that sends a large amount of numerical data down the wire. This data is then stored in a database. I am having size issues (too much bandwidth, database getting too big). I am now ready to sacrifice some performance for compression. I was thinking of implementing a base 62 number.toString(62) and parseInt(compressed, 62). This would certainly reduce the size of the data but before I go ahead and do this I thought I would put it to the folks here as I know there must be some outside the box solution I have not considered. The basic specs are: - Compress large number arrays into strings for JSONP transfer (So I think UTF is out) - Be relatively fast, look I'm not expecting same performance as I have now but I also don't want gzip compression either. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated. Thanks Guido Tapia

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