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  • Why do you have to mark a class with the attribute [serializable] ?

    - by Blankman
    Seeing as you can convert any document to a byte array and save it to disk, and then rebuild the file to its original form (as long as you have meta data for its filename etc.). Why do you have to mark a class with [Serializable] etc? Is that just the same idea, "meta data" type information so when you cast the object to its class things are mapped properly?

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  • A question mark within a @PathVariable in Spring MVC?

    - by sp00m
    Within the @Controller of a search engine: @RequestMapping(value = "/search/{query}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String search(@PathVariable String query) {} If a user wants to search /search/w?rld (wich should match world, warld, whrld, etc.), the variable query equals w, because of the question mark which indicated a GET var. I tried "/search/{query:.+}", but still doesn't work. Any idea how to solve that problem?

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  • Is there a way to mark up code to tell ReSharper not to format it?

    - by adrianbanks
    I quite often use the ReSharper "Clean Up Code" command to format my code to our coding style before checking it into source control. This works well in general, but some bits of code are better formatted manually (eg. because of the indenting rules in ReSharper, things like chained linq methods or multi-line ternary operators have a strange indent that pushes them way to the right). Is there any way to mark up parts of a file to tell ReSharper not to format that area? I'm hoping for some kind of markup similar to how ReSharper suppresses other warnings/features. If not, is there some way of changing a combination of settings to get ReSharper to format the indenting correctly? EDIT: I have found this post from the ReSharper forums that says that generated code sections (as defined in the ReSharper options page) are ignored in code cleanup. Having tried it though, it doesn't seem to get ignored.

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  • url with question mark considered as new http request?

    - by Navin Leon
    I am optimization my web page by implementing caching, so if I want the browser not to take data from cache, then I will append a dynamic number as query value. eg: google.com?val=823746 But some time, if I want to bring data from cache for the below url, the browser is making a new http request to server, its not taking data from cache. Is that because of the question mark in URL ? eg: http://google.com? Please provide some reference document link. Thanks in advance. Regards, Navin

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  • Can I mark an Email as "High Importance" for Outlook using System.Net.Mail?

    - by ccornet
    Part of the application I'm working on for my client involves sending emails for events. Sometimes these are highly important. My client, and most of my client's clients, use Outlook, which has the ability to mark a mail message as High Importance. Now, I know it is callous to assume that all end users will be using the same interface, sp I am not. But considering you can send email from Outlook as High Importance even if the target is not necessarily reading through Outlook, that means that there is basically some data stored... somehow... that lets Outlook know if a particular message was assigned as High Importance. That's my interpretation, at least. The application currently uses System.Net.Mail to send out emails, using System.Net.Mail.MailMessages for writing them and System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient to send them. Is it possible to set this "High Importance" setting with System.Net.Mail's abilities? If not, is there any assembly available which can configure this setting?

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  • Is it valid to have more than one question mark in a URL?

    - by Bungle
    I came across the following URL today: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inmarin/detail??blogid=122&entry_id=64497 Notice the doubled question mark at the beginning of the query string: ??blogid=122&entry_id=64497 My browser didn't seem to have any trouble with it, and running a quick bookmarklet: javascript:alert(document.location.search); just gave me the query string shown above. Is this a valid URL? The reason I'm being so pedantic (assuming that I am) is because I need to parse URLs like this for query parameters, and supporting doubled question marks would require some changes to my code. Obviously if they're in the wild, I'll need to support them; I'm mainly curious if it's my fault for not adhering to URL standards exactly, or if it's in fact a non-standard URL.

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  • How to configure grails and shiro to mark cookies secure?

    - by j4y
    I'm using Grails 2.2.4 with the Shiro plugin (v1.1.4) and would like to mark the cookies as secure so the session information won't be sent over http. This is the attribute I want to set: securityManager.sessionManager.sessionIdCookie.secure = true The shiro source says to use the Grails bean property override mechanism, which is grails-app/conf/spring/resources.groovy How can I override just the one setting? // If the legacy 'security.shiro.filter.config' option is set, // use our custom INI-based filter... if (application.config.security.shiro.filter.config) { log.warn "security.shiro.filter.config option is deprecated. Use Grails' bean property override mechanism instead." 'filter-class'('org.apache.shiro.grails.LegacyShiroFilter') 'init-param' { 'param-name'('securityManagerBeanName') 'param-value'('shiroSecurityManager') }

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  • How to mark a method as "ignore all handled exception" + "step through"? Even when user has selected

    - by Wolf5
    I want to mark a method as "debug step through" even if an exception is thrown (and catched within) the function. This is because 99% of the times I know this function will throw an exception (Assembly.GetTypes), and since this function is in a library I wish to hide this normal exception. (Why did MS not add an exceptionless GetTypes() call?) I have tried this but it still breaks the code when debugging: [DebuggerStepThrough] [DebuggerStepperBoundary] private Type[] GetTypesIgnoreMissing(Assembly ass) { Type[] typs; try { typs = ass.GetTypes(); } catch (ReflectionTypeLoadException ex) { typs = ex.Types; } var newlist = new List<Type>(); foreach (var type in typs) { if (type != null) newlist.Add(type); } return newlist.ToArray(); } Anyone know of a way to make this method 100% stepthrough even if ass.GetTypes() throw an exception in debug mode? It has to step through even when "Break on Thrown exceptions" is on. (I do not need to know I can explicitly choose to ignore that exact type of exception in the IDE)

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  • Redircting to a url that has a question mark in it?

    - by dkmojo
    I have a somewhat strange problem. A client has moved their site to Wordpress. They use a service for link exchanges that has a Wordpress plugin. The issue is that the new links pages use a query string to display the correct content and I cannot figure out how to redirect the old URLs correctly. Old URLs look like this: domain.com/link/category-name.html The plugin makes them look like this in WP: domain.com/links/?page=category-name.html How in the world can I get the redirect to work properly? Here's what I have tried: Redirect 301 /link/actors.html http://www.artisticimages.biz/links/?page=actors.html Redirect 301 /link/actors.html http://www.artisticimages.biz/links/%3Fpage=actors.html Redirect 301 /link/actors.html http://www.artisticimages.biz/links/\?page=actors.html But none of those have worked. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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  • Are there cloud network drives that let users lock files or mark them as "in use"?

    - by Brandon Craig Rhodes
    Having spent several hours reading about the features and limitations of services like DropBox and Jungle Disk and the hundreds of competitors they seem to have (as though everyone with an AWS account these days goes ahead and writes a file sharing application just for fun), I have yet to find one that would let a team of people at a small business collaborate without stepping all over each other's toes. At a small business there are often many small documents per project — estimates, contracts, project plans, budgets — and team members frequently have to open and edit them, with all sorts of problems happening if two people edit a file at once. Even if a sharing service is smart enough to keep both versions of the file created, most small-business software (like word processors, spreadsheets, estimating software, or billing systems) has no way to compare — much less to merge! — the changes in two rival versions of a file that two people edited at the same time without each other's knowledge. So, my question: are their cloud-based file sharing solutions that not only provide a virtual network drive that people can access, but that also let users lock files — even if it's not a real lock but just a flag or indicator — that could possibly prevent remote workers from both editing the same file at once? Having one person wait for another person to finish editing is a very, very small inconvenience compared to the hour or more than it can take to compare two estimates by hand until you find and resolve the rival changes. Given this fact, I am surprised that almost none of the popular file sharing solutions seem to recognize this problem and provide some solution! Does anyone know of a service that does?

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  • Are there cloud network drives that let users lock files or mark them as "in use"?

    - by Brandon Craig Rhodes
    Having spent several hours reading about the features and limitations of services like DropBox and Jungle Disk and the hundreds of competitors they seem to have (as though everyone with an AWS account these days goes ahead and writes a file sharing application just for fun), I have yet to find one that would let a team of people at a small business collaborate without stepping all over each other's toes. At a small business there are often many small documents per project — estimates, contracts, project plans, budgets — and team members frequently have to open and edit them, with all sorts of problems happening if two people edit a file at once. Even if a sharing service is smart enough to keep both versions of the file created, most small-business software (like word processors, spreadsheets, estimating software, or billing systems) has no way to compare — much less to merge! — the changes in two rival versions of a file that two people edited at the same time without each other's knowledge. So, my question: are their cloud-based file sharing solutions that not only provide a virtual network drive that people can access, but that also let users lock files — even if it's not a real lock but just a flag or indicator — that could possibly prevent remote workers from both editing the same file at once? Having one person wait for another person to finish editing is a very, very small inconvenience compared to the hour or more than it can take to compare two estimates by hand until you find and resolve the rival changes. Given this fact, I am surprised that almost none of the popular file sharing solutions seem to recognize this problem and provide some solution! Does anyone know of a service that does?

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  • Thunderbird mail client mark of inbox mail unread to read ?

    - by kumar kasimala
    Hi, I am using thunderbird mail client for gmail accounts,Its works fine,enjoying functionality too. I have problem with this mail client that is when I client inbox its has list of unread mails,once viewed it. its become read mail. thats not happening gmail servers.if login in gmail i m still finding unread mails which i read in thuderbird. Please help me how to solve these problem, is there any option or setttings or addons which change status of mail when I read it. Thanks & Regards kumar kasimala. Hyderabad,India.

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  • My website is infected, I restored a backup of the uninfected files, how long will it take to un-mark as dangerous?

    - by Cyclone
    My website www.sagamountain.com was recently infected by a malware distributor (or at least I think it may have been). I have removed all external content, google ads, firefly chat, etc. I uploaded a backup from a few weeks ago, when there was no issue. I patched the SQL injection hole. Now, how long will it take to unmark it as dangerous? Where can I contact google? I am not sure if this is the right place to post it, but since it may have been a server issue I may as well. Can sites inject base64 code via a virus on the whole server, or is it only via sql injection? Thanks for the help, viruses freak me out. Is there an online virus scanner that can scan my page and tell me what is wrong?

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  • Outlook 2010: How do I mark one recurring event public?

    - by goober
    My office utilizes Outlook 2010 and Exchange for e-mail, and our calendars show free/busy information by default. Background I work from home once a week, so I have created an event that lists me as tentative for the entire workday, titled "Working from Home - Available Remotely". However, those attempting to schedule a meeting with me won't see this title, and therefore won't think they can schedule an event. As much as I'd like to get out meetings (!) it's important that folks be able to schedule with me. Question Is there a way to make the title/details public for this one recurring event so that when others attempt to schedule a meeting with me, Attempted Solutions I've tried creating a public calendar and sharing all the details of that calendar. However, all of my calendars are not included when someone wants to schedule with me, and so I'm shown as free unless someone specifically looks at my public calendar. I've Googled around, to no avail.

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  • How to design database for tests in online test application

    - by Kien Thanh
    I'm building an online test application, the purpose of app is, it can allow teacher create courses, topics of course, and questions (every question has mark), and they can create tests for students and students can do tests online. To create tests of any courses for students, first teacher need to create a test pattern for that course, test pattern actually is a general test includes the number of questions teacher want it has, then from that test pattern, teacher will generate number of tests corresponding with number of students will take tests of that course, and every test for student will has different number of questions, although the max mark of test in every test are the same. Example if teacher generate tests for two students, the max mark of test will be 20, like this: Student A take test with 20 questions, student B take test only has 10 questions, it means maybe every question in test of student A only has mark is 1, but questions in student B has mark is 2. So 20 = 10 x 2, sorry for my bad English but I don't know how to explain it better. I have designed tables for: - User (include students and teachers account) - Course - Topic - Question - Answer But I don't know how to define associations between user and test pattern, test, question. Currently I only can think these: Test pattern table: name, description, dateStart, dateFinish, numberOfMinutes, maxMarkOfTest Test table: test_pattern_id And when user (is Student) take tests, I think i will have one more table: Result: user_id, test_id, mark but I can't set up associations among test pattern and test and question. How to define associations?

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  • ArchBeat Link-o-Rama for August 2, 2013

    - by OTN ArchBeat
    Podcast: Data Warehousing and Oracle Data Integrator - Part 2 Part to of the discussion about Data Warehousing and Oracle Data Integrator focuses on a discussion of how data warehousing is changing and the forces driving that change. Panelists for this discussion are Uli Bethke, Oracle ACE Director Cameron Lackpour, Oracle ACE Director (and guest producer) Gurcan Orhan, and Michael Rainey. Case Management In-Depth: Cases & Case Activities Part 1 – Acivity Scope | Mark Foster FMW solution architect Mark Foster kicks off a new series with a look at the decisions made on the scope of BPM process case activities. Video: Quick Intro to WebLogic Maven Plugin 12.1.2 | Mark Nelson This YouTube video by FMW solution architect Mark Nelson offers a quick introduction to the basics of installing and using the new Oracle WebLogic 12.1.2 Maven Plugin. Running the Managed Coherence Servers Example in WebLogic Server 12c | Tim Middleton FMW solution architect Tim Middleton shares the technical details on the new Managed Coherence Servers feature and outlines how you can run the sample application available with a WebLogic Server 12.1.2 install. What’s wrong with how we develop and deliver SOA Applications today? | Mark Nelson "When we arrive at the go-live day, we have a lot of fear and uncertainty," says solution architect Mark Nelson of the typical SOA practice. "We have no idea if the system is going to work in production. We have never tested it under a production-like load, and we have not really tested it for performance, longevity, etc." OTN Latin America Tour 2013 | Kai Yu Oracle ACE Director Kai Yu shares the session abstracts from his participation in the 2013 Oracle Technology Network Latin America conference tour, which made its way through OUG conferences in Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Costa Rica. Webcast: Latest Security Innovations in Oracle Database 12c Oracle Database 12c includes more new security capabilities than any other release in Oracle history! In this webcast Roxana Bradescu (Director, Oracle Database Security Product Management) will discuss these capabilities and answer your questions. (Registration required.) Thought for the Day "The main goal in life career-wise should always be to try to get paid to simply be yourself." — Kevin Smith (Born August 2, 1970) Source: brainyquote.com

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  • Can I indicate where my MySQL parameter should go more meaningfully than just having a ? to mark the

    - by Paul H
    I've got a chunk of code where I can pass info into a MySQL command using parameters through an ODBC connection. Example code showing surname passed in using string surnameToLookFor: using (OdbcConnection DbConn = new OdbcConnection( connectToDB )) { OdbcDataAdapter cmd = new OdbcDataAdapter( "SELECT Firstname, Address, Postcode FROM customers WHERE Surname = ?", DbConn); OdbcParameter odbcParam = new OdbcParameter("surname", surnameToLookFor); cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(odbcParam); cmd.Fill(dsCustomers, "customers"); } What I'd like to know is whether I can indicate where my parameter should go more meaningfully than just having a ? to mark the position - as I could see this getting quite hard to debug if there are multiple parameters being replaced. I'd like to provide a name to the parameter in a manner something like this: SELECT Firstname, Address, Postcode FROM customers WHERE Surname = ?surname ", When I try this it just chokes. The following code public System.Data.DataSet Customer_Open(string sConnString, long ld) { using (MySqlConnection oConn = new MySqlConnection(sConnString)) { oConn.Open(); MySqlCommand oCommand = oConn.CreateCommand(); oCommand.CommandText = "select * from cust_customer where id=?id"; MySqlParameter oParam = oCommand.Parameters.Add("?id", MySqlDbType.Int32); oParam.Value = ld; oCommand.Connection = oConn; DataSet oDataSet = new DataSet(); MySqlDataAdapter oAdapter = new MySqlDataAdapter(); oAdapter.SelectCommand = oCommand; oAdapter.Fill(oDataSet); oConn.Close(); return oDataSet; } } is from http://www.programmingado.net/a-389/MySQL-NET-parameters-in-query.aspx and includes the fragment where id=?id Which would be ideal. Is this only available through the .Net connector rather than the ODBC? If it is possible to do using ODBC how would I need to change my code fragment to enable this?

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  • The JavaOne 2012 Sunday Technical Keynote

    - by Janice J. Heiss
    At the JavaOne 2012 Sunday Technical Keynote, held at the Masonic Auditorium, Mark Reinhold, Chief Architect, Java Platform Group, stated that they were going to do things a bit differently--"rather than 20 minutes of SE, and 20 minutes of FX, and 20 minutes of EE, we're going to mix it up a little," he said. "For much of it, we're going to be showing a single application, to show off some of the great work that's been done in the last year, and how Java can scale well--from the cloud all the way down to some very small embedded devices, and how JavaFX scales right along with it."Richard Bair and Jasper Potts from the JavaFX team demonstrated a JavaOne schedule builder application with impressive navigation, animation, pop-overs, and transitions. They noted that the application runs seamlessly on either Windows or Macs, running Java 7. They then ran the same application on an Ubuntu Linux machine--"it just works," said Blair.The JavaFX duo next put the recently released JavaFX Scene Builder through its paces -- dragging and dropping various image assets to build the application's UI, then fine tuning a CSS file for the finished look and feel. Among many other new features, in the past six months, JavaFX has released support for H.264 and HTTP live streaming, "so you can get all the real media playing inside your JavaFX application," said Bair. And in their developer preview builds of JavaFX 8, they've now split the rendering thread from the UI thread, to better take advantage of multi-core architectures.Next, Brian Goetz, Java Language Architect, explored language and library features planned for Java SE 8, including Lambda expressions and better parallel libraries. These feature changes both simplify code and free-up libraries to more effectively use parallelism. "It's currently still a lot of work to convert an application from serial to parallel," noted Goetz.Reinhold had previously boasted of Java scaling down to "small embedded devices," so Blair and Potts next ran their schedule builder application on a small embedded PandaBoard system with an OMAP4 chip set. Connected to a touch screen, the embedded board ran the same JavaFX application previously seen on the desktop systems, but now running on Java SE Embedded. (The systems can be seen and tried at four of the nearby JavaOne hotels.) Bob Vandette, Java Embedded Architect, then displayed a $25 Rasberry Pi ARM-based system running Java SE Embedded, noting the even greater need for the platform independence of Java in such highly varied embedded processor spaces. Reinhold and Vandetta discussed Project Jigsaw, the planned modularization of the Java SE platform, and its deferral from the Java 8 release to Java 9. Reinhold demonstrated the promise of Jigsaw by running a modularized demo version of the earlier schedule builder application on the resource constrained Rasberry Pi system--although the demo gods were not smiling down, and the application ultimately crashed.Reinhold urged developers to become involved in the Java 8 development process--getting the weekly builds, trying out their current code, and trying out the new features:http://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk8http://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk8/spechttp://jdk8.java.netFrom there, Arun Gupta explored Java EE. The primary themes of Java EE 7, Gupta stated, will be greater productivity, and HTML 5 functionality (WebSocket, JSON, and HTML 5 forms). Part of the planned productivity increase of the release will come from a reduction in writing boilerplate code--through the widespread use of dependency injection in the platform, along with default data sources and default connection factories. Gupta noted the inclusion of JAX-RS in the web profile, the changes and improvements found in JMS 2.0, as well as enhancements to Java EE 7 in terms of JPA 2.1 and EJB 3.2. GlassFish 4 is the reference implementation of Java EE 7, and currently includes WebSocket, JSON, JAX-RS 2.0, JMS 2.0, and more. The final release is targeted for Q2, 2013. Looking forward to Java EE 8, Gupta explored how the platform will provide multi-tenancy for applications, modularity based on Jigsaw, and cloud architecture. Meanwhile, Project Avatar is the group's incubator project for designing an end-to-end framework for building HTML 5 applications. Santiago Pericas-Geertsen joined Gupta to demonstrate their "Angry Bids" auction/live-bid/chat application using many of the enhancements of Java EE 7, along with an Avatar HTML 5 infrastructure, and running on the GlassFish reference implementation.Finally, Gupta covered Project Easel, an advanced tooling capability in NetBeans for HTML5. John Ceccarelli, NetBeans Engineering Director, joined Gupta to demonstrate creating an HTML 5 project from within NetBeans--formatting the project for both desktop and smartphone implementations. Ceccarelli noted that NetBeans 7.3 beta will be released later this week, and will include support for creating such HTML 5 project types. Gupta directed conference attendees to: http://glassfish.org/javaone2012 for everything about Java EE and GlassFish at JavaOne 2012.

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  • Thank you for joining us @ Collaborate!

    - by mark.kromer
    Many thanks to those of you that were able to join us @ the Oracle User Conference Collaborate 2010 this year in Vegas! We all had a great time and as promised, I am including a copy of the slides that I presented with Mark Rosenberg on PeopleSoft with Primavera to provide EPPM for the capital program & asset lifecycles: Collaborate presentation Asset Lifecycle with Primavera and PSFT Best, Mark

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  • Technical Questions for Java Experts

    - by Tori Wieldt
    The "Oracle Technology Network" (meaning me) will be at Devoxx next week doing interviews with Java experts. Do you have technical questions about Project Jigsaw, JavaFX or Java on MacOS? Take a look at the list below of experts and topics. Leave your questions as a comment on this blog and I'll do my best to include them. Most of the interviews happen Tuesday, so get you questions in quickly. Thanks! Interviewee InterviewTopic Arun Gupta and Alexis Moussine-Pouchkine Java EE Mark Reinhold OpenJDK Mark Reinhold Project Jigsaw Jasper Potts JavaFX Scott Kovatch Java on Mac OS Brian Goetz & Mark Reinhold JDK 8 Brian Goetz Project Lambda Steven Chin JavaFX Marek Potociar JAX-RS Claude Falguiere Dev for Tablets Alan Bateman NIO2 Regina ten Bruggencate JDuchess Martijn Verburg Adopt a JSR Note: This is different than the call for questions for the Fireside chat on Tuesday afternoon, Devoxx conference keynote speakers (Henrik Ståhl, senior director of product management for the Java platform at Oracle, and Cameron Purdy, VP of development for the Java EE platform) and the technical discussion panel on Friday morning. Leave (and vote on) those questions here. 

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  • Project Jigsaw: Late for the train: The Q&A

    - by Mark Reinhold
    I recently proposed, to the Java community in general and to the SE 8 (JSR 337) Expert Group in particular, to defer Project Jigsaw from Java 8 to Java 9. I also proposed to aim explicitly for a regular two-year release cycle going forward. Herewith a summary of the key questions I’ve seen in reaction to these proposals, along with answers. Making the decision Q Has the Java SE 8 Expert Group decided whether to defer the addition of a module system and the modularization of the Platform to Java SE 9? A No, it has not yet decided. Q By when do you expect the EG to make this decision? A In the next month or so. Q How can I make sure my voice is heard? A The EG will consider all relevant input from the wider community. If you have a prominent blog, column, or other communication channel then there’s a good chance that we’ve already seen your opinion. If not, you’re welcome to send it to the Java SE 8 Comments List, which is the EG’s official feedback channel. Q What’s the overall tone of the feedback you’ve received? A The feedback has been about evenly divided as to whether Java 8 should be delayed for Jigsaw, Jigsaw should be deferred to Java 9, or some other, usually less-realistic, option should be taken. Project Jigsaw Q Why is Project Jigsaw taking so long? A Project Jigsaw started at Sun, way back in August 2008. Like many efforts during the final years of Sun, it was not well staffed. Jigsaw initially ran on a shoestring, with just a handful of mostly part-time engineers, so progress was slow. During the integration of Sun into Oracle all work on Jigsaw was halted for a time, but it was eventually resumed after a thorough consideration of the alternatives. Project Jigsaw was really only fully staffed about a year ago, around the time that Java 7 shipped. We’ve added a few more engineers to the team since then, but that can’t make up for the inadequate initial staffing and the time lost during the transition. Q So it’s really just a matter of staffing limitations and corporate-integration distractions? A Aside from these difficulties, the other main factor in the duration of the project is the sheer technical difficulty of modularizing the JDK. Q Why is modularizing the JDK so hard? A There are two main reasons. The first is that the JDK code base is deeply interconnected at both the API and the implementation levels, having been built over many years primarily in the style of a monolithic software system. We’ve spent considerable effort eliminating or at least simplifying as many API and implementation dependences as possible, so that both the Platform and its implementations can be presented as a coherent set of interdependent modules, but some particularly thorny cases remain. Q What’s the second reason? A We want to maintain as much compatibility with prior releases as possible, most especially for existing classpath-based applications but also, to the extent feasible, for applications composed of modules. Q Is modularizing the JDK even necessary? Can’t you just put it in one big module? A Modularizing the JDK, and more specifically modularizing the Java SE Platform, will enable standard yet flexible Java runtime configurations scaling from large servers down to small embedded devices. In the long term it will enable the convergence of Java SE with the higher-end Java ME Platforms. Q Is Project Jigsaw just about modularizing the JDK? A As originally conceived, Project Jigsaw was indeed focused primarily upon modularizing the JDK. The growing demand for a truly standard module system for the Java Platform, which could be used not just for the Platform itself but also for libraries and applications built on top of it, later motivated expanding the scope of the effort. Q As a developer, why should I care about Project Jigsaw? A The introduction of a modular Java Platform will, in the long term, fundamentally change the way that Java implementations, libraries, frameworks, tools, and applications are designed, built, and deployed. Q How much progress has Project Jigsaw made? A We’ve actually made a lot of progress. Much of the core functionality of the module system has been prototyped and works at both compile time and run time. We’ve extended the Java programming language with module declarations, worked out a structure for modular source trees and corresponding compiled-class trees, and implemented these features in javac. We’ve defined an efficient module-file format, extended the JVM to bootstrap a modular JRE, and designed and implemented a preliminary API. We’ve used the module system to make a good first cut at dividing the JDK and the Java SE API into a coherent set of modules. Among other things, we’re currently working to retrofit the java.util.ServiceLoader API to support modular services. Q I want to help! How can I get involved? A Check out the project page, read the draft requirements and design overview documents, download the latest prototype build, and play with it. You can tell us what you think, and follow the rest of our work in real time, on the jigsaw-dev list. The Java Platform Module System JSR Q What’s the relationship between Project Jigsaw and the eventual Java Platform Module System JSR? A At a high level, Project Jigsaw has two phases. In the first phase we’re exploring an approach to modularity that’s markedly different from that of existing Java modularity solutions. We’ve assumed that we can change the Java programming language, the virtual machine, and the APIs. Doing so enables a design which can strongly enforce module boundaries in all program phases, from compilation to deployment to execution. That, in turn, leads to better usability, diagnosability, security, and performance. The ultimate goal of the first phase is produce a working prototype which can inform the work of the Module-System JSR EG. Q What will happen in the second phase of Project Jigsaw? A The second phase will produce the reference implementation of the specification created by the Module-System JSR EG. The EG might ultimately choose an entirely different approach than the one we’re exploring now. If and when that happens then Project Jigsaw will change course as necessary, but either way I think that the end result will be better for having been informed by our current work. Maven & OSGi Q Why not just use Maven? A Maven is a software project management and comprehension tool. As such it can be seen as a kind of build-time module system but, by its nature, it does nothing to support modularity at run time. Q Why not just adopt OSGi? A OSGi is a rich dynamic component system which includes not just a module system but also a life-cycle model and a dynamic service registry. The latter two facilities are useful to some kinds of sophisticated applications, but I don’t think they’re of wide enough interest to be standardized as part of the Java SE Platform. Q Okay, then why not just adopt the module layer of OSGi? A The OSGi module layer is not operative at compile time; it only addresses modularity during packaging, deployment, and execution. As it stands, moreover, it’s useful for library and application modules but, since it’s built strictly on top of the Java SE Platform, it can’t be used to modularize the Platform itself. Q If Maven addresses modularity at build time, and the OSGi module layer addresses modularity during deployment and at run time, then why not just use the two together, as many developers already do? A The combination of Maven and OSGi is certainly very useful in practice today. These systems have, however, been built on top of the existing Java platform; they have not been able to change the platform itself. This means, among other things, that module boundaries are weakly enforced, if at all, which makes it difficult to diagnose configuration errors and impossible to run untrusted code securely. The prototype Jigsaw module system, by contrast, aims to define a platform-level solution which extends both the language and the JVM in order to enforce module boundaries strongly and uniformly in all program phases. Q If the EG chooses an approach like the one currently being taken in the Jigsaw prototype, will Maven and OSGi be made obsolete? A No, not at all! No matter what approach is taken, to ensure wide adoption it’s essential that the standard Java Platform Module System interact well with Maven. Applications that depend upon the sophisticated features of OSGi will no doubt continue to use OSGi, so it’s critical that implementations of OSGi be able to run on top of the Java module system and, if suitably modified, support OSGi bundles that depend upon Java modules. Ideas for how to do that are currently being explored in Project Penrose. Java 8 & Java 9 Q Without Jigsaw, won’t Java 8 be a pretty boring release? A No, far from it! It’s still slated to include the widely-anticipated Project Lambda (JSR 335), work on which has been going very well, along with the new Date/Time API (JSR 310), Type Annotations (JSR 308), and a set of smaller features already in progress. Q Won’t deferring Jigsaw to Java 9 delay the eventual convergence of the higher-end Java ME Platforms with Java SE? A It will slow that transition, but it will not stop it. To allow progress toward that convergence to be made with Java 8 I’ve suggested to the Java SE 8 EG that we consider specifying a small number of Profiles which would allow compact configurations of the SE Platform to be built and deployed. Q If Jigsaw is deferred to Java 9, would the Oracle engineers currently working on it be reassigned to other Java 8 features and then return to working on Jigsaw again after Java 8 ships? A No, these engineers would continue to work primarily on Jigsaw from now until Java 9 ships. Q Why not drop Lambda and finish Jigsaw instead? A Even if the engineers currently working on Lambda could instantly switch over to Jigsaw and immediately become productive—which of course they can’t—there are less than nine months remaining in the Java 8 schedule for work on major features. That’s just not enough time for the broad review, testing, and feedback which such a fundamental change to the Java Platform requires. Q Why not ship the module system in Java 8, and then modularize the platform in Java 9? A If we deliver a module system in one release but don’t use it to modularize the JDK until some later release then we run a big risk of getting something fundamentally wrong. If that happens then we’d have to fix it in the later release, and fixing fundamental design flaws after the fact almost always leads to a poor end result. Q Why not ship Jigsaw in an 8.5 release, less than two years after 8? Or why not just ship a new release every year, rather than every other year? A Many more developers work on the JDK today than a couple of years ago, both because Oracle has dramatically increased its own investment and because other organizations and individuals have joined the OpenJDK Community. Collectively we don’t, however, have the bandwidth required to ship and then provide long-term support for a big JDK release more frequently than about every other year. Q What’s the feedback been on the two-year release-cycle proposal? A For just about every comment that we should release more frequently, so that new features are available sooner, there’s been another asking for an even slower release cycle so that large teams of enterprise developers who ship mission-critical applications have a chance to migrate at a comfortable pace.

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