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• Something very strange with network

  - by Rodnower

  Hello, I have Windows 7 and I have very strange thing with my network. Some time I was connected through wireless router and my IP was 192.168.2.103, router's IP was 192.168.2.1 and some other IP was 192.168.2.100. The last I get from page "active DHCP clients" of web interface of the router and from "wireless clients" I may to see that 192.168.2.100 not (!) belong to my MAC address. Router build by EDimax. So after that I disabled wireless function of the router and restarted it. In this time I had not ping to 192.168.2.1. Also I had not any other connection, not wireless nor cable, but (!) I still had ping to 192.168.2.100 and I not understand what this voodoo is... C:\Users\Andrey>ping 192.168.2.100 Pinging 192.168.2.100 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.2.100: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128 Ping statistics for 192.168.2.100: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms This is what I had: C:\Users\Andrey>ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : Andrey-PC Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection 3: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 06-1D-7D-40-61-EB DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Gigabyte GN-WS50G (mini) PCI-E WLAN Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1D-7D-40-61-EB DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Marvell Yukon 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1B-24-B6-09-91 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes C:\Users\Andrey>arp -a -v Interface: 127.0.0.1 --- 0x1 Internet Address Physical Address Type 224.0.0.22 static 239.255.255.250 static Interface: 0.0.0.0 --- 0xffffffff Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.2.1 00-0e-2e-d2-8c-af invalid 192.168.2.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static Interface: 0.0.0.0 --- 0xffffffff Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.2.1 00-0e-2e-ff-f1-f6 dynamic 192.168.2.101 00-27-19-bc-8b-9c dynamic 192.168.2.102 00-16-e6-6c-ae-d4 dynamic 192.168.2.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static Interface: 0.0.0.0 --- 0xffffffff Internet Address Physical Address Type 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static C:\Users\Andrey>route print =========================================================================== Interface List 14...06 1d 7d 40 61 eb ......Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter #2 13...00 1d 7d 40 61 eb ......Gigabyte GN-WS50G (mini) PCI-E WLAN Card 11...00 1b 24 b6 09 91 ......Marvell Yukon 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None Only after reboot I lost ping to there: C:\Users\Andrey>ping 192.168.2.100 Pinging 192.168.2.100 with 32 bytes of data: PING: transmit failed. General failure. PING: transmit failed. General failure. PING: transmit failed. General failure. PING: transmit failed. General failure. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.100: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), So what this mysterious cache is? Thank you for ahead.

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• Mac OS X software always order files alphabetically rather than by type.

  - by george

  I have noticed many Mac applications sort the files alphabetically rather than by type. A good example would be Coda by panic.com. The files in the file menu are organized alphabetically. I requested for them to add the feature to organize files by type, and they've said that it's a Finder thing. So I looked at other applications to see if they were organizing by type. I noticed Dreamweaver CS4 had this same problem and now including Dreamweaver CS5. There has to be something in the Mac that does this and that I can modify. I played with Spotlight and it now displays its files by type (thinking that's what I can do) but it didn't take effect in other applications. What library are these applications using to display a file menu for their files? here is an example-- file menu layout of coda by panic.com. (i couldnt post another link because it wouldnt let me). can you see how everything is organised alphabetically rather than by folder? i just want the file menu to show all folders first then all the files. 1) http://www.iaddesign.com/coda.png there must be a way to modify mac to let me to do this.

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• OpenSwan (IPSEC) on Fedora 13 with Snow Leopard as a client

  - by sicn

  I recently installed OpenSwan on my Fedora 13 machine. I want to use it to connect with Mac OS X with L2TP over IPSEC, unfortunately I am already stuck on the IPSEC-negotation part. My server is running behind a NATted firewall so my external IP differs from the server's IP. The server has a fixed IP on the network and the same is almost always valid for the clients (they are usually behind a NATted firewall). I installed OpenSwan on Fedora 13 and have following configuration: config setup protostack=netkey nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off nhelpers=0 conn L2TP-PSK-NAT rightsubnet=vhost:%priv also=L2TP-PSK-noNAT conn L2TP-PSK-noNAT authby=secret pfs=no auto=add keyingtries=3 rekey=no ikelifetime=8h keylife=1h type=transport left=my.servers.external.ip leftprotoport=17/1701 right=%any rightprotoport=17/0 IPSEC starts fine and listens to UDP 500 and 4500. These two ports are opened in the firewall and are forwarded fine to the server. In my /etc/ipsec.secrets file I have my.servers.external.ip %any: "LongAndDifficultPassword" And finally in my sysctl.conf (the redirect-entries are there because OpenSwan was strongly protesting about send/accept_redirects being active) I have net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 Running "ipsec verify" gives me "all greens" (except Opportunistic Encryption Support, which is DISABLED), however, when trying to connect my Mac gives me following in the logs: Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook pppd[4904]: pppd 2.4.2 (Apple version 412.3) started by user, uid 1011 Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook pppd[4904]: L2TP connecting to server 'my.servers.ip.address' (my.servers.ip.address)... Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook pppd[4904]: IPSec connection started Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook racoon[4905]: Connecting. Nov 1 19:30:28 macbook racoon[4905]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Main-Mode message 1). Nov 1 19:30:31 macbook racoon[4905]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Phase1 Retransmit). Nov 1 19:30:38: --- last message repeated 2 times --- Nov 1 19:30:38 macbook pppd[4904]: IPSec connection failed Any ideas at all?

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• Users database empty after Samba3 to Samba4 migration on different servers

  - by ouzmoutous

  I have to migrate a Samba 3 to a new Samba 4 server. My problem is that the database on the samba 3 server seems a bit empty. The secrets.dtb file is only 20K whereas the “pbedit -L |wc -l”command give me 16970 lines. On my Samba3 /var/lib/samba is 1,5M After I had migrate the databse (following instructions on http://dev.tranquil.it/index.php/SAMBA_-_Migration_Samba3_Samba4), “pdbedit -L” command on the new server give me only : SAMBA4$, Administrator, dns-samba4, krbtgt and nobody. So I tried to create a VM with a Samba3. I added some users, done the same things I did for the migration and now I can see the users created on the VM. It’s like users on the Samba 3 server are in a sort of cache. I already migrate the /etc/{passwd,shadow,group} files and I can see users with the “getent passwd” command. Any ideas why my users are present when I use pdbedit but the database is so empty ? The global part of my smb.conf on the Samba 3 server : [global] workgroup = INTERNET netbios name = PDC-SMB3 server string = %h server interfaces = eth0 obey pam restrictions = Yes passdb backend = smbpasswd passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *new* %n\n *Re* %n\n *pa* username map = /etc/samba/smbusers unix password sync = Yes syslog = 0 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%U max log size = 1000 socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -s /bin/false -m '%u' -g users delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel -r '%u' add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd '%g' delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel '%g' add user to group script = /usr/sbin/usermod -G '%g' '%u' add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -s /bin/false -d /dev/null '%u' -g machines logon script = logon.cmd logon home = \\$L\%U domain logons = Yes os level = 255 preferred master = Yes local master = Yes domain master = Yes dns proxy = No ldap ssl = no panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d invalid users = root admin users = admin, root, administrateur log level = 2

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• Problems using wondershaper on KVM guest

  - by Daniele Testa

  I am trying to limit bandwidth on one of my KVM guest using Wondershaper. Doing something like this works fine: wondershaper br23 9000 9000 Doing a wget with the setting above gives a download speed of about 1MB/sec like it should. However, it seems this is the highest setting I can use, because setting it to this does not work: wondershaper br23 10000 10000 Doing the same wget with the setting above downloads with full speed, about 70MB/sec in my case. Running a status-check returns the following: qdisc cbq 1: root refcnt 2 rate 10000Kbit (bounded,isolated) prio no-transmit Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 borrowed 0 overactions 0 avgidle 12500 undertime 0 qdisc sfq 10: parent 1:10 limit 127p quantum 1514b divisor 1024 perturb 10sec Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 qdisc sfq 20: parent 1:20 limit 127p quantum 1514b divisor 1024 perturb 10sec Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 qdisc sfq 30: parent 1:30 limit 127p quantum 1514b divisor 1024 perturb 10sec Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 qdisc ingress ffff: parent ffff:fff1 ---------------- Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 class cbq 1: root rate 10000Kbit (bounded,isolated) prio no-transmit Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 borrowed 0 overactions 0 avgidle 12500 undertime 0 class cbq 1:1 parent 1: rate 10000Kbit (bounded,isolated) prio 5 Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 borrowed 0 overactions 0 avgidle 12500 undertime 0 class cbq 1:10 parent 1:1 leaf 10: rate 10000Kbit prio 1 Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 borrowed 0 overactions 0 avgidle 12500 undertime 0 class cbq 1:20 parent 1:1 leaf 20: rate 9000Kbit prio 2 Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 borrowed 0 overactions 0 avgidle 12500 undertime 0 class cbq 1:30 parent 1:1 leaf 30: rate 8000Kbit prio 2 Sent 0 bytes 0 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0) backlog 0b 0p requeues 0 borrowed 0 overactions 0 avgidle 12500 undertime 0 What am I doing wrong? Does wondershaper have some kind of upper limit?

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• FTP not listing directory NcFTP PASV

  - by Jacob Talbot

  I am attempting to setup Multicraft on my server, all is running smoothly however the FTP won't allow anyone to connect from a remote FTP client, where net2ftp will work smoothly from a remote location. I have included the transcript from my FTP client, Transmit below to give you an idea of what's going on. I have disabled iptables as well, and still no luck either way. Transmit 4.1.7 (x86_64) Session Transcript [Version 10.8.2 (Build 12C54)] (21/10/12 11:23 PM) LibNcFTP 3.2.3 (July 23, 2009) compiled for UNIX 220: Multicraft 1.7.1 FTP server Connected to ateam.bn-mc.net. Cmd: USER jacob.9 331: Username ok, send password. Cmd: PASS xxxxxxxx 230: Login successful Cmd: TYPE A 200: Type set to: ASCII. Logged in to ateam.bn-mc.net as jacob.9. Cmd: SYST 215: UNIX Type: L8 Cmd: FEAT 211: Features supported: EPRT EPSV MDTM MLSD MLST type*;perm*;size*;modify*;unique*;unix.mode;unix.uid;unix.gid; REST STREAM SIZE TVFS UTF8 End FEAT. Cmd: OPTS UTF8 ON 200: OK Cmd: PWD 257: "/" is the current directory. Cmd: PASV Could not read reply from control connection -- timed out. (SReadline 1)

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• Problems with "Read Only" on a Samba share from Windows machines

  - by fistameeny

  Hi, We have a Ubuntu 10.04 Server that has a bunch of Samba shares on it that Windows workstations connect to. Each Windows workstation has a valid username/password to access the shares, which have restricted access governed by Samba. The problem we are experiencing is that Samba doesn't seem to be able to mimic the Windows way of handling "Read Only" attributes. Say I have two users, UserA and UserB, both a group called Staff - UserA creates a file that is readable/writeable by the group (ie. chmod rwxrwx---). If UserA then sets the "Read Only" flag, this changes the permissions to r-xr-x--- (i.e. no write for anyone). As UserB is in the same group as UserA, they should be able to remove the "Read Only" permission - however, they can't as Samba won't allow it. Is there a way to force Samba to allow users within the same group to remove the "Read Only" from a file not created by them? Edit: The Samba smb.conf is as follows: The share is defined in the smb.conf as: [global] log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . obey pam restrictions = yes map to guest = bad user encrypt passwords = true passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passdb backend = tdbsam dns proxy = no netbios name = ubsrv server string = ubsrv unix password sync = yes os level = 20 syslog = 0 usershare allow guests = yes panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d max log size = 1000 pam password change = yes workgroup = workgroup [Projects] valid users = @Staff writeable = yes user = @Staff create mode = 0777 path = /srv/samba/Projects directory mode = 0777 store dos attributes = Yes The folder itself looks like this: ls -l /srv/samba/ drwxrwxrwx 2 nobody Staff 4096 2010-11-04 10:09 Projects Thanks in advance, Matt

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• Problems with "Read Only" on a Samba share from Windows machines

  - by fistameeny

  We have a Ubuntu 10.04 Server that has a bunch of Samba shares on it that Windows workstations connect to. Each Windows workstation has a valid username/password to access the shares, which have restricted access governed by Samba. The problem we are experiencing is that Samba doesn't seem to be able to mimic the Windows way of handling "Read Only" attributes. Say I have two users, UserA and UserB, both a group called Staff - UserA creates a file that is readable/writeable by the group (ie. chmod rwxrwx---). If UserA then sets the "Read Only" flag, this changes the permissions to r-xr-x--- (i.e. no write for anyone). As UserB is in the same group as UserA, they should be able to remove the "Read Only" permission - however, they can't as Samba won't allow it. Is there a way to force Samba to allow users within the same group to remove the "Read Only" from a file not created by them? Edit: The Samba smb.conf is as follows: The share is defined in the smb.conf as: [global] log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . obey pam restrictions = yes map to guest = bad user encrypt passwords = true passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passdb backend = tdbsam dns proxy = no netbios name = ubsrv server string = ubsrv unix password sync = yes os level = 20 syslog = 0 usershare allow guests = yes panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d max log size = 1000 pam password change = yes workgroup = workgroup [Projects] valid users = @Staff writeable = yes user = @Staff create mode = 0777 path = /srv/samba/Projects directory mode = 0777 store dos attributes = Yes The folder itself looks like this: ls -l /srv/samba/ drwxrwxrwx 2 nobody Staff 4096 2010-11-04 10:09 Projects Thanks in advance, Matt

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• Windows Network File Transfer to Samba server: “Are you sure you want to copy this file without its properties?”

  - by jimp

  I am transferring a lot of files to a new NAS based on OpenMediaVault, with the Samba 3.5.6 service running. I am transferring from Windows 7 64-bit to the NAS, and on some media files Windows is prompting about losing some property data across the transfer. I have never seen this before when transferring to Samba boxes I have built myself (vs this turnkey solution), so I'm guessing there must be a Samba setting I can change to preserve the file properties in question instead of permanently losing whatever they contain (Date Taken? Exposure? Flash Fired? etc). Or maybe I've just never encountered this before; I'm really not sure. I tried adding ea support = yes and store dos attributes = yes to the [global] section, but the problem remains. The Linux file system is ext4 mounted with user_xattr (full options: defaults,acl,user_xattr,noexec,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0) as Samba requires. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated. Thank you! Samba config: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = %h server include = /etc/samba/dhcp.conf dns proxy = no log level = 2 syslog = 2 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 1000 syslog only = yes panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d encrypt passwords = true passdb backend = tdbsam obey pam restrictions = yes unix password sync = no passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . pam password change = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY guest account = nobody load printers = no disable spoolss = yes printing = bsd printcap name = /dev/null unix extensions = yes wide links = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 use sendfile = no null passwords = no local master = yes time server = yes wins support = yes ea support = yes store dos attributes = yes Note: I found this related question, but it explains the loss due to the user trying to transfer from NTFS to FAT32.

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• HPET missing from available clocksources on CentOS

  - by squareone

  I am having trouble using HPET on my physical machine. It is not available, even though I have enabled it in my bios, forced it in grub, and triple checked my kernel to include HPET in its compilation. Motherboard: Supermicro X9DRW Processor: 2x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 SAS Controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS2004 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-2 [Spitfire] (rev 03) Distro: CentOS 6.3 Kernel: 3.4.21-rt32 #2 SMP PREEMPT RT x86_64 GNU/Linux Grub: hpet=force clocksource=hpet .config file: CONFIG_HPET_TIMER=y CONFIG_HPET_EMULATE_RTC=y CONFIG_HPET=y dmesg | grep hpet: Command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_xxxx-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_swap rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rhgb quiet panic=5 hpet=force clocksource=hpet Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_xxxx-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_xxxx/lv_swap rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rhgb quiet panic=5 hpet=force clocksource=hpet cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource: tsc cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource: tsc jiffies What is even more confusing, is that I have about a dozen other machines that utilize the same kernel .config, and can use HPET fine. I fear it is a hardware issue, but would appreciate any advice or help with getting HPET available. Thanks in advance!

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• Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center to Update Solaris via Live Upgrade

  - by LeonShaner

  Introduction: This Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center blog entry provides tips for using Ops Center to update Solaris using Live Upgrade on Solaris 10 and Boot Environments on Solaris 11. Why use Live Upgrade? Live Upgrade (LU) can significantly reduce downtime associated with patching Live Upgrade avoids dropping to single-user mode for long periods of time during patching Live Upgrade relies on an Alternate Boot Environment (ABE)/(BE), which is patched while in multi-user mode; thereby allowing normal system operations to continue with the active BE, while the alternate BE is being patched Activating an newly patched (A)BE is essentially a reboot; therefore the downtime is ~= reboot Admins can easily revert to the prior Boot Environment (BE) as a safeguard / fallback. Why use Ops Center to patch via Live Upgrade, Alternate Boot Environments, and Solaris 11 equivalents? All the benefits of Ops Center's extensive patch and package knowledge base can be leveraged on top of Live Upgrade Ops Center can orchestrate patching based on Live Upgrade and Solaris 11 features, which all works together to minimize downtime Ops Centers advanced inventory and reporting features assurance that each OS is updated to a verifiable, consistent standard, rather than relying on ad-hoc (error prone) procedures and scripts Ops Center gives admins control over the boot environment specifications or they can let Ops Center decide when a BE is necessary, thereby reducing complexity and lowering the opportunity for user error Preparing to use Live Upgrade-like features in Solaris 11 Requirements and information you should know: Global Zone Root file-systems must be separate from Solaris Container / Zone filesystems Solaris 11 has features which are similar in concept to Live Upgrade on Solaris 10, but differ greatly in implementationImportant distinctions: Solaris 11 assumes ZFS root Solaris 11 adds Boot Environments (BE's) as an integrated feature (see beadm) Solaris 11 BE's avoid single-user patching (vs. Solaris 10 w/ ZFS snapshot=ABE). Solaris 11 Image Packaging System (IPS) has hooks for BE creation, as needed Solaris 11 allows pkgs to be installed + upgraded in alternate BE (e.g. instead of the live system) but it is controlled on a per-pkg basis Boot Environments are activated across a reboot; instead of spending long periods installing + upgrading packages in single user mode. Fallback to a prior BE is a function of the BE infrastructure (a la beadm). (Generally) Reboot + BE activation can be much much faster on Solaris 11 Preparing to use Live Upgrade on Solaris 10 Requirements and information you should know: Global Zone Root file-systems must be separate from Solaris Container / Zone filesystems Live Upgrade Pre-requisite patches must be applied before the first Live Upgrade Alternate Boot Environments are created (see "Pre-requisite Patches" section, below...) Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer on ZFS root is the practical starting point for Live Upgrade Live Upgrade with ZFS root is far more straight-forward than any scheme based on Alternative Boot Environments in slices or temporarily breaking mirrors Use Solaris best practices to upgrade the OS to at least Solaris 10 Update 4 (outside of Ops Center) UFS root can (technically) be used, but it is significantly more involved (e.g. discouraged) -- there are many reasons to move to ZFS while going through the process to update to Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer (out side of Ops Center) Recommendation: Start with Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer on ZFS root Recommendation: Start with Ops Center 12c or newer Ops Center 12c can automatically create your ABE's for you, without the need for custom scripts Ops Center 12c Update 2 avoids kernel panic on unpatched Solaris 10 update 9 (and older) -- unrelated to Live Upgrade, but more on the issue, below. NOTE: There is no magic!  If you have systems running Solaris 10 Update 5 or older on UFS root, and you don't know how to get them updated to Solaris 10 on ZFS root, then there are services available from Oracle Advanced Customer Support (ACS), which specialize in this area. Live Upgrade Pre-requisite Patches (Solaris 10) Certain Live Upgrade related patches must be present before the first Live Upgrade ABE's are created on Solaris 10.Use the following MOS Search String to find the “living document” that outlines the required patch minimums, which are necessary before using any Live Upgrade features: Solaris Live Upgrade Software Patch Requirements(Click above – the link is valid as of this writing, but search in MOS for the same "Solaris Live Upgrade Software Patch Requirements" string if necessary) It is a very good idea to check the document periodically and adapt to its contents, accordingly.IMPORTANT:  In case it wasn't clear in the above document, some direct patching of the active OS, including a reboot, may be required before Live Upgrade can be successfully used the first time.HINT: You can use Ops Center to determine what to expect for a given system, and to schedule the “pre-patching” during a maintenance window if necessary. Preparing to use Ops Center Discover + Manage (Install + Configure the Ops Center agent in) each Global Zone Recommendation:  Begin by using OCDoctor --agent-prereq to determine whether OS meets OC prerequisites (resolve any issues) See prior requirements and recommendations w.r.t. starting with Solaris 10 Update 6 or newer on ZFS (or at least Solaris 10 Update 4 on UFS, with caveats) WARNING: Systems running unpatched Solaris 10 update 9 (or older) should run the Ops Center 12c Update 2 agent to avoid a potential kernel panic The 12c Update 2 agent will check patch minimums and disable certain process accounting features if the kernel is not sufficiently patched to avoid the panic SPARC: 142900-05 Obsoleted by: 142900-06 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on SPARC (32-bit) X64: 142901-05 Obsoleted by: 142901-06 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on x86 (32-bit) OR SPARC: 142909-17 SunOS 5.10: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on SPARC (32-bit) X64: 142910-17 SunOS 5.10_x86: kernel patch 10 Oracle Solaris on x86 (32-bit) Ops Center 12c (initial release) and 12c Update 1 agent can also be safely used with a workaround (to be performed BEFORE installing the agent): # mkdir -p /etc/opt/sun/oc # echo "zstat_exacct_allowed=false" > /etc/opt/sun/oc/zstat.conf # chmod 755 /etc/opt/sun /etc/opt/sun/oc # chmod 644 /etc/opt/sun/oc/zstat.conf # chown -Rh root:sys /etc/opt/sun/oc NOTE: Remove the above after patching the OS sufficiently, or after upgrading to the 12c Update 2 agent Using Ops Center to apply Live Upgrade-related Pre-Patches (Solaris 10)Overview: Create an OS Update Profile containing the minimum LU-related pre-patches, based on the Solaris Live Upgrade Software Patch Requirements, previously mentioned. SIMULATE the deployment of the LU-related pre-patches Observe whether any of the LU-related pre-patches will require a reboot The job details for each Global Zone will advise whether a reboot step will be required ACTUALLY deploy the LU-related pre-patches, according to your change control process (e.g. if no reboot, maybe okay to do now; vs. must do later because of the reboot). You can schedule the job to occur later, during a maintenance window Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Once the LU-related pre-patches are applied, you can Ops Center to patch using Live Upgrade on Solaris 10 Using Ops Center to patch Solaris 10 with LU/ABE's -- the GOODS!(this is the heart of the tip): Create an OS Update Profile containing the patches that make up your standard build Use Solaris Baselines when possible Add other individual patches as needed ACTUALLY deploy the OS Update Profile Specify the appropriate Live Upgrade options, e.g. Synchronize the active BE to the alternate BE before patching Do not activate the BE after patching Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Activate the newly patched BE according to your change control process Activate = Reboot to the ABE, making the ABE the new active BE Ops Center does not separate LU activate from reboot, so expect a reboot! Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Examples (w/Screenshots) Solaris 10 and Live Upgrade: Auto-Create the Alternate Boot Environment (ZFS root only) ABE to be created on ZFS with name S10_12_07REC (Example) Uses built in feature to call “lucreate -n S10_12_07REC” behind scenes if not already present NOTE: Leave “lucreate” params blank (if you do specify options, the will be appended after -n $ABEName) Solaris 10 and Live Upgrade: Alternate Boot Environment Creation via Operational Profile (script) The Alternate Boot Environment is to be created via custom, user-supplied script, which does whatever is needed for the system where Live Upgrade will be used. Operational Profile, which provides the script to create an ABE: Very similar to the automatic case, but with a Script (Operational Profile), which is used to create the ABE Relies on user-supplied script in the form of an Operational Profile Could be used to prepare an ABE based on a UFS root in a slice, or on a separate device (e.g. by breaking a mirror first) – it is up to the script author to do the right thing! EXAMPLE: Same result as the ZFS case, but illustrating the Operational Profile (e.g. script) approach to call: # lucreate -n S10_1207REC NOTE: OC special variable is $ABEName Boot Environment Profile, which references the Operational Profile Script = Operational Profile on this screen Refers to Operational Profile shown in the previous section The user-supplied S10_Create_BE Operational Profile will be run The Operational Profile must send a non-zero exit code if there is a problem (so that the OS Update job will not proceed) Solaris 10 OS Update Profile (to provide the actual patch specifications) Solaris 10 Baseline “Recommended” chosen for “Install” Solaris 10 OS Update Plan (two-steps in this case) “Create a Boot Environment” + “Update OS” are chosen. Using Ops Center to patch Solaris 11 with Boot Environments (as needed) Create a Solaris 11 OS Update Profile containing the packages that make up your standard build ACTUALLY deploy the Solaris 11 OS Update Profile BE will be created if needed (or you can stipulate no BE) BE name will be auto-generated (if needed), or you may specify a BE name Check the job status for each node, resolving any issues found Check if a BE was created; if so, activate the new BE Activate = Reboot to the BE, making the new BE the active BE Ops Center does not separate BE activate from reboot NOTE: Not every Solaris 11 OS Update will require a new BE, so a reboot may not be necessary. Solaris 11: Auto BE Create (as Needed -- let Ops Center decide) BE to be created as needed BE to be named automatically Reboot (if necessary) deferred to separate step Solaris 11: OS Profile Solaris 11 “entire” chosen for a particular SRU Solaris 11: OS Update Plan (w/BE)  “Create a Boot Environment” + “Update OS” are chosen. Summary: Solaris 10 Live Upgrade, Alternate Boot Environments, and their equivalents on Solaris 11 can be very powerful tools to help minimize the downtime associated with updating your servers.  For very old Solaris, there are some important prerequisites to adhere to, but once the initial preparation is complete, Live Upgrade can be used going forward.  For Solaris 11, the built-in Boot Environment handling is leveraged directly by the Image Packaging System, and the result is a much more straight forward way to patch, and far fewer prerequisites to satisfy in getting there.  Ops Center simplifies using either approach, and helps you improve consistency from system to system, which ultimately helps you improve the overall up-time across all the Solaris systems in your environment. Please let us know what you think?  Until next time...\Leon-- Leon Shaner | Senior IT/Product ArchitectSystems Management | Ops Center Engineering @ Oracle The views expressed on this [blog; Web site] are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Oracle. For more information, please go to Oracle Enterprise Manager  web page or  follow us at :  Twitter | Facebook | YouTube | Linkedin | Newsletter

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• OSI Model

  - by kaleidoscope

  The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model. A layer is a collection of conceptually similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives service from the layer below it. Description of OSI layers: Layer 1: Physical Layer ·         Defines the electrical and physical specifications for devices. In particular, it defines the relationship between a device and a physical medium. ·         Establishment and termination of a connection to a communications medium. ·         Participation in the process whereby the communication resources are effectively shared among multiple users. ·         Modulation or conversion between the representation of digital data in user equipment and the corresponding signals transmitted over a communications channel. Layer 2: Data Link Layer ·         Provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities. ·         Detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. The error check is performed using Frame Check Sequence (FCS). ·         Addresses is then sought to see if it needs to process the rest of the frame itself or whether to pass it on to another host. ·         The Layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. ·         MAC sub layer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. ·         LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.   Layer 3: Network Layer ·         Provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination via one or more networks. ·         Performs network routing functions, and might also perform fragmentation and reassembly, and report delivery errors. ·         Network Layer Routers operate at this layer—sending data throughout the extended network and making the Internet possible.   Layer 4: Transport Layer ·         Provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. ·         Controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation/de-segmentation, and error control. ·         Transport Layer can keep track of the segments and retransmit those that fail. Layer 5: Session Layer ·         Controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. ·         Establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. ·         Provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation, and establishes checkpointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures. ·         Implemented explicitly in application environments that use remote procedure calls. Layer 6: Presentation Layer ·         Establishes a context between Application Layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities can use different syntax and semantics, as long as the presentation service understands both and the mapping between them. The presentation service data units are then encapsulated into Session Protocol data units, and moved down the stack. ·         Provides independence from differences in data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating from application to network format, and vice versa. The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the application layer can accept. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax layer. Layer 7: Application Layer ·         This layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component. ·         Identifies communication partners, determines resource availability, and synchronizes communication. o       When identifying communication partners, the application layer determines the identity and availability of communication partners for an application with data to transmit. o       When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists. o       In synchronizing communication, all communication between applications requires cooperation that is managed by the application layer. Technorati Tags: Kunal,OSI,Networking

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• Finding most efficient transmission size in varying network latency scenarios

  - by rwmnau

  I'm building a .NET remoting client/server that will be transmitting thousands of files, of varying sizes (everything from a few bytes to hundreds of MB), and I'm curious about a general method for finding the appropriate transmission size. As I see it, there's the following tradeoff: Serialize entire file into a transmission object and transmit at once, regardless of size. This would be the fastest, but a failure during tranmission requires that the whole file be re-transmitted. If the file size is larger than something small (like 4KB), break it into 4KB chunks and transmit those, re-assembling on the server. In addition to the complexity of this, it's slower because of continued round-trips and acknowledgements, though a failure of any one piece doesn't waste much time. The ideal transmission method (when taking into account negotiation latency vs. failure rate) is somewhere in between, and I'm wondering about how to find out the best size for that particular client. Do I have some dynamic tuning step in my transmission that looks at the current bytes/second average, and then raises the transmission size until the speed starts to drop (failures overwhelm negotiation cost)? Or is there some other method for determining ideal transmission size? The application will be multi-threaded, so number of threads also factors in to the calculation. I'm not looking for a formula (though I'll take one if you've got it), but just what to consider as I create this process.

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• Linux Kernel programming: trying to get vm_area_struct->vm_start crashes kernel

  - by confusedKid

  Hi, this is for an assignment at school, where I need to determine the size of the processes on the system using a system call. My code is as follows: ... struct task_struct *p; struct vm_area_struct *v; struct mm_struct *m; read_lock(&tasklist_lock); for_each_process(p) { printk("%ld\n", p->pid); m = p->mm; v = m->mmap; long start = v->vm_start; printk("vm_start is %ld\n", start); } read_unlock(&tasklist_lock); ... When I run a user level program that calls this system call, the output that I get is: 1 vm_start is 134512640 2 EIP: 0073:[<0806e352] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:0f7ecf04 EFLAGS: 00010246 Not tainted EAX: 00000000 EBX: 0fc587c0 ECX: 081fbb58 EDX: 00000000 ESI: bf88efe0 EDI: 0f482284 EBP: 0f7ecf10 DS: 007b ES: 007b 081f9bc0: [<08069ae8] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 081f9bec: [<080587ac] segv+0x225/0x23d 081f9c8c: [<08058582] segv_handler+0x4f/0x54 081f9cac: [<08067453] sig_handler_common_skas+0xb7/0xd4 081f9cd4: [<08064748] sig_handler+0x34/0x44 081f9cec: [<080648b5] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a 081f9d0c: [<08066227] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 081f9d1c: [<00776420] 0x776420 Kernel panic - not syncing: Kernel mode fault at addr 0x0, ip 0x806e352 EIP: 0073:[<400ea0f2] CPU: 0 Not tainted ESP: 007b:bf88ef9c EFLAGS: 00000246 Not tainted EAX: ffffffda EBX: 00000000 ECX: bf88efc8 EDX: 080483c8 ESI: 00000000 EDI: bf88efe0 EBP: bf88f038 DS: 007b ES: 007b 081f9b28: [<08069ae8] show_regs+0xb4/0xb9 081f9b54: [<08058a1a] panic_exit+0x25/0x3f 081f9b68: [<08084f54] notifier_call_chain+0x21/0x46 081f9b88: [<08084fef] __atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x17/0x19 081f9ba4: [<08085006] atomic_notifier_call_chain+0x15/0x17 081f9bc0: [<0807039a] panic+0x52/0xd8 081f9be0: [<080587ba] segv+0x233/0x23d 081f9c8c: [<08058582] segv_handler+0x4f/0x54 081f9cac: [<08067453] sig_handler_common_skas+0xb7/0xd4 081f9cd4: [<08064748] sig_handler+0x34/0x44 081f9cec: [<080648b5] handle_signal+0x4c/0x7a 081f9d0c: [<08066227] hard_handler+0xf/0x14 081f9d1c: [<00776420] 0x776420 The first process (pid = 1) gave me the vm_start without any problems, but when I try to access the second process, the kernel crashes. Can anyone tell me what's wrong, and maybe how to fix it as well? Thanks a lot! (sorry for the bad formatting....) edit: This is done in a Fedora 2.6 core in an uml environment.

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• Mac OS X software always order files alphabetically rather than by type.

  - by george

  I have noticed many Mac applications sort the files alphabetically rather than by type. A good example would be Coda by panic.com. The files in the file menu are organized alphabetically. I requested for them to add the feature to organize files by type, and they've said that it's a Finder thing. So I looked at other applications to see if they were organizing by type. I noticed Dreamweaver CS4 had this same problem and now including Dreamweaver CS5. There has to be something in the Mac that does this and that I can modify. I played with Spotlight and it now displays its files by type (thinking that's what I can do) but it didn't take effect in other applications. What library are these applications using to display a file menu for their files? here is an example-- file menu layout of coda by panic.com. (i couldnt post another link because it wouldnt let me). can you see how everything is organised alphabetically rather than by folder? i just want the file menu to show all folders first then all the files. 1) http://www.iaddesign.com/coda.png there must be a way to modify mac to let me to do this.

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• Serial: write() throttling?

  - by damian

  Hi everyone, I'm working on a project sending serial data to control animation of LED lights, which need to stay in sync with a sound engine. There seems to be a large serial write buffer (OSX (POSIX) + FTDI chipset usb serial device), so without manually restricting the transmission rate, the animation system can get several seconds ahead of the serial transmission. Currently I'm manually restricting the serial write speed to the baudrate (8N1 = 10 bytes serial frame per 8 bytes data, 19200 bps serial - 1920 bytes per second max), but I am having a problem with the sound drifting out of sync over time - it starts fine, but after 10 minutes there's a noticeable (100ms+) lag between the sound and the lights. This is the code that's restricting the serial write speed (called once per animation frame, 'elapsed' is the duration of the current frame, 'baudrate' is the bps (19200)): void BufferedSerial::update( float elapsed ) { baud_timer += elapsed; if ( bytes_written > 1024 ) { // maintain baudrate float time_should_have_taken = (float(bytes_written)*10)/float(baudrate); float time_actually_took = baud_timer; // sleep if we have > 20ms lag between serial transmit and our write calls if ( time_should_have_taken-time_actually_took > 0.02f ) { float sleep_time = time_should_have_taken - time_actually_took; int sleep_time_us = sleep_time*1000.0f*1000.0f; //printf("BufferedSerial::update sleeping %i ms\n", sleep_time_us/1000 ); delayUs( sleep_time_us ); // subtract 128 bytes bytes_written -= 128; // subtract the time it should have taken to write 128 bytes baud_timer -= (float(128)*10)/float(baudrate); } } } Clearly there's something wrong, somewhere. A much better approach would be to be able to determine the number of bytes currently in the transmit queue, and try and keep that below a fixed threshold. Any advice appreciated.

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• OS X: Finder error -36 when using SMB shares on a Samba server bound to AD

  - by Frenchie

  We're looking at deploying SMB homes on Debian (5.0.3) for our mac clients rather than purchasing four new Xserves. We've got our test servers built and functioning properly. Windows clients behave perfectly, but we've run into an issue with OS X (10.6.x and 10.5.x). We're going this route instead of Windows file servers due to a whole bunch of other issues that arise when going that way. Specifically, when mounting a SMB share with unix extensions switched on and the remote server bound to AD, the finder cannot save files on the share, instead touching the file and then bombing out with a -36 IO error, folder creation is fine. Copying files in the terminal behaves fine and the problem seems to be limited to the finder. The issue arises (I think) as the remote UID/GID is passed across when using unix extensions. OS X uses its own winbind idmap (odsam) to work out the effective UID/GID from AD users and groups whilst we're using a rid map on the server. Consequently, there is a mismatch in ownership which the finder chooses to honour. How OS X appears to handle this is to use the remote uid and gid at the file permission level (see below) and then set an OS X acl granting the local uid/gid to have the appropriate permissions on the file. I think the finder touches the file (which the kernel allows because of the ACL) and then checks the filesystem perms and drops out with the IO error. On a Client fc-003353-d:homes2 root# ls -led test/ drwx------+ 2 135978 100513 16384 Feb 3 15:14 test/ 0: user:jfrench allow list,add_file,search,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity,writesecurity,chown,file_inherit,directory_inherit 1: group:ARTS\domain users allow 2: group:everyone allow 3: group:owner allow list,add_file,search,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity,writesecurity,chown,file_inherit,directory_inherit,only_inherit 4: group:group allow list,add_file,search,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity,writesecurity,chown,file_inherit,directory_inherit,only_inherit 5: group:everyone allow list,add_file,search,delete,add_subdirectory,delete_child,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity,writesecurity,chown,file_inherit,directory_inherit,only_inherit We've tried the following without any luck: Setting the Linux side file owner to match the OS X GID/UID Adding ACLs on the linux filesystem which grant the OS X GID/UID perms Disabling extended attributes Setting steams=no in /etc/nsmb.conf on the client We're currently running a workaround which is to just turn off unix extensions which forces the macs to just mount the share as the local user with u=rwx perms. This works for most things but is causing a few apps that expect certain perms to break in subtle ways. Worst case scenario is that we'll continue running in this way but we would like to have the unix extensions on. Regards. Relevant SMB config below: [global] workgroup = ARTS realm = *snip* security = ADS password server = *snip* unix extensions = yes panic action = /usr/share/panic-action %d idmap backend = rid:ARTS=100000-10000000 idmap uid = 100000-10000000 idmap gid = 100000-10000000 winbind enum users = Yes winbind enum groups = Yes veto files = /lost+found/aquota.*/ hide files = /desktop.ini/$RECYCLE.BIN/.*/AppData/Library/ ea support = yes store dos attributes = yes map system = no map archive = no map readonly = no

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• What's your favorite app alternative for Mac Terminal?

  - by Bob Walsh

  I've been using Coda from http://www.panic.com/coda/; great program, but overkill for just a multi session Mac terminal app. Know of a better alternative, especially with a command snippet library function?

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• Splitting coax cable for PC tuner

  - by TheLakersHighlights

  I have an HDTV connected with HDMI from a DISH Network VIP612 DVR Receiver. I want to split the coaxial connection from the DVR to my Hauppauge 1200 WinTV HVR-850 HDTV Tuner Stick. What splitter and coaxial cable (needs to transmit audio and video) should I get to make this a watchable TV on my computer?

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• Does the initramfs image file need to be updated whenever grub.conf is modified?

  - by javanix

  I am trying to puzzle out a linux boot configuration problem involving legacy grub (0.97), LVM2, and dracut and trying to eliminate a few red herrings. My trial and error process goes like so: Modify grub.conf Install grub.conf into MBR via grub shell Reboot Kernel panic In the interests of removing #4, am I missing a step in which I need to update the initramfs image? What does the initramfs image contain that might pertain to which filesystems are mounted during boot?

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• What-causes-error-135-socket-write-error

  - by fmz

  I am trying to upload a 12MB .wav file on a Mac running Transmit to a Linux box running Apache and get the following error after uploading just 160KB of the file: error-135-socket-write-error Any clues why I may be getting this? I have successfully uploaded much larger files in the past and nothing has changed on the configuration. Thanks in advance.

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• Sleep or Hibernate for a laptop

  - by Tim

  I was wondering whether it is better to put a laptop into sleep or hibernation in Windows 7, and suspend or hibernate in Ubuntu: when carrying the laptop in a backpack and walking or slow-running to another place in around 15 minutes, Or just when the lid is closed. My concerns are if the heat generated and accumulated and bumping from transmit will do harm to the laptop, and I can miss other important factors. Is sleep in Windows 7 same as suspend in Ubuntu? Thanks and regards!

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• Network cable third pair not firing - can I switch pairs?

  - by johnny

  Is it true that computers only need three of the four pairs to transmit data? I have the third pair on a very long wire, goes through conduit, etc. Can I switch one of the pairs and make it work? edit: It was the bluewhite and green pair.

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• Kernel upgrade CentOS 5.3 mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'

  - by matt

  We have a CentOS 5.3 x64 server that by default runs kernel version 2.6.18-164.11.1 and we are attempting to upgrade the box to 2.6.31.12 The drive is LVM +ext3, and the problem I'm having is when I upgrade the kernel and attempt to boot from it, no matter what version of the kernel I use, I get /dev/root not found towards the end of the boot process, and the kernel panics, and than reboots. I'm installing the kernel exactly as it says in this doc. I've tried it "The centOS way " using make rpm and than installing that. I've updated my mkinitrd. The most interesting part of this problem is that it has been so frustrating that I decided to try and clean install centos on an identical machine without LVM, and the result is EXACTLY the same. After upgrading the kernel, I get /dev/root not found. Does anyone know how to fix this, or what information would be relevant to remedy it? I'm open to try anything at this point. One more interesting thing about this problem is that in the new version of the kernel, during boot it complains that dm-mapper is started twice, than panics right after that. I've tried this with other kernel versions, and the result is the same. What am I missing here? If you need any more files, please just ask. Linux cg 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.31.12-rt20) //NOT WORKING!!!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.12-rt20 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.31.12-rt20.img title CentOS (2.6.18-164.11.1.el5) //WORKING!! root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 isolcpus=8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 panic=10 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-164.11.1.el5.img

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• FreeBSD running in Hyper-V

  - by dmo

  I'd like to install FreeBSD 8.0 in a Hyper-V VM but I get a kernel panic whenever I try to boot the install ISO. I've tried both i386 and amd64; with and without APIC enabled; with and without processor features disabled in Hyper-V. Is it necessary to use the procedure in the Handbook for Xen domU? Does anyone has experience with this configuration?

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