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• What file transfer protocols can be used for PXE booting besides TFTP?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  According to ISC's dhcpd manpage: The filename statement filename "filename"; The filename statement can be used to specify the name of the initial boot file which is to be loaded by a client. The filename should be a filename recognizable to whatever file transfer protocol the client can be expected to use to load the file. My questions are: What file transfer protocols, besides tftp, are available to load the file (e.g. What protocols "can be expected to" load the file)? How can I tell? Can I see a list of these protocols? Does my choice of DHCP server influence which file transfer protocols are in use? Pretend I want to use dnsmasq instead of ISC's dhcpd Are these features dependent on the PXE which is in use (e.g. My Intel NICs use an Intel ROM)? I know that some PXE-variants, such as iPXE/gPXE/Etherboot, can also load files over HTTP. However, the PXE rom needs to be replaced with the iPXE image, either by chainloading or by burning the PXE rom onto the NIC. For example, the iPXE Howto "Using ISC dhcpd" says: ISC dhcpd is configured using the file /etc/dhcpd.conf. You can instruct iPXE to boot using the filename directive: filename "pxelinux.0"; or filename "http://boot.ipxe.org/demo/boot.php";

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• Command-line access for Apple Time Machine?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  We use Apple's Time Machine to back up our workstations at the office. If I want to restore a file, I need to open up the Time Machine GUI and browse files there. The GUI is ugly eye-candy and gets in my way. Is there a way to browse the Time Machine archive using the Mac's command-line? I'm used to Netapps and other storage appliances. I use backintime for my Ubuntu workstation. To restore a file with one of those systems, you can restore a file with a simple command like: cp .snapshot/daily.0/filename.txt . or cp /backup/backintime/20100611-000002/backup/etc/shadow /etc/shadow Is there an equivalent for Apple's Time Machine?

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• Apple: Bind a key to a commandline command?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have a Mac Powerbook running Leopard (10.5.8). Does Leopard provide an easy way to bind keys to commands which are typically run on the commandline? For example, I can open up Terminal.app and run the command /System/Library/Frameworks/ScreenSaver.framework/Resources/ScreenSaverEngine.app/Contents/MacOS/ScreenSaverEngine which will activate the screensaver and lock my screen. What if I want to bind 'Apple-key L' to this command and execute this globally, regardless of which application is in use at the moment? Can I do this, or can I only run ScreenSaverEngine from a Terminal window? I tried to set up global keyboard shortcuts, but it seems that this won't allow me to bind a key to an arbitrary shell command: Note: You can create keyboard shortcuts only for existing menu commands. You cannot define keyboard shortcuts for general purpose tasks such as opening an application or switching between applications. I tried to set up a application keyboard shortcut, but commands like ScreenSaverEngine don't seem to be an application. Note that this Screensaver/Lock screen is just one example. I have come across other nifty commands which I might want to bind to a key-combination as well. I can do this in Gnome and Windows (with varying success). How about with Leopard?

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• What's the most advanced SIP client for Linux these days?

  - by Stefan

  I'm currently struggling which SIP client software to use with respect to Ubuntu / Gnome. Some clients I've looked so far: Blink, seems promising but the Linux variant lacks a lot of features Twinkle Latest release is ~2 years old. AFAIK the only one capable of encrypting calls using zrtp. Empathy: default tool for IM on ubuntu Ekiga Some features I'd like to see: availablity of buddies conference calls call log chat desktop sharing (Blink seems to do that for Mac) So my question is: what client software do you prefer and for what reason?

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• Set Thunderbird to always reply using plain text [closed]

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  Possible Duplicate: How do I tell Thunderbird never to send (or even try to send) html emails? In the account settings of Thunderbird (version 11.0.1) I have disabled HTML and set it to compose messages as plain text. That works for new messages. However, when I get an HTML email and reply to that mail, Thunderbird uses HTML. I went to the setting in: Tools ? Options ? Composition ? Send Options ? Plain Text Domains And have tried *.* as the domain name. I also changed the default text format in Settings - Compose - Send options. Neither of them works, the reply is still using HTML (for my own text). How can I really reply in plain text only, regardless of incoming?

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• Bootable and remote controllable imaging software?

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  I am looking for an imaging software, that one can boot from CD or usb stick (therefore without installing anything on the system!) and then control by some kind of remote desktop. So something like a combination of Acronis TrueImage's Bootable Media and Windows Remote Desktop. I don't even need to be able to store the backup on a network drive, as an external usb hdd is attached for these purposes. Background: A system that is normally controlled by SSH / command line and therefore has no keyboard/mouse connected that I could use to control Acronis TrueImage.

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• freebsd-update from 8.3-RELEASE to 9.0-RELEASE: How to deal with dozens of diffs?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I am upgrading a FreeBSD 8.3-RELEASE system to FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE using freebsd-update. This is my first time performing a major version upgrade in FreeBSD. At one point in the process, freebsd-update performs a diff on files which are different then what is expected for the 9.0-RELEASE. It compares the current version on the system with the new changes added from 9.0-RELEASE. There are dozens of files in the list. Thus, I am presented with dozens and dozens of diffs which open in a vi window and look like this: The following file could not be merged automatically: /etc/ntp.conf Press Enter to edit this file in vi and resolve the conflicts manually... ### vi window opens <<<<<<< current version driftfile /etc/ntp/drift ======= # # $FreeBSD: release/9.0.0/etc/ntp.conf 195652 2009-07-13 05:51:33Z dwmalone $ # # Default NTP servers for the FreeBSD operating system. # # Don't forget to enable ntpd in /etc/rc.conf with: # ntpd_enable="YES" # # The driftfile is by default /var/db/ntpd.drift, check # /etc/defaults/rc.conf on how to change the location. # >>>>>>> 9.0-RELEASE restrict default notrust nomodify ignore And so on. This requires that I manually edit each file and remove the strings like <<<<<<< current version >>>>>>> 9.0-RELEASE and =======. As I discovered afterwards, if I don't remove these strings, they end up in the file afterwards. There are dozens of files which differ between 8.3 and 9.0, and I have a dozen local modifications myself. It appears that freebsd-update is using a diff, sdiff or mergemaster function of some sort, but I can't tell what it is doing exactly. Processing these files is tedious. Is there a way that I can just say "Accept new version" or "keep old version" or "Your merge is correct"? There has got to be an easier way to deal with these files. I must be missing something. This isn't a huge problem for one machine, but eventually I'll be doing this dozens of times and I want to find an easier way.

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• Zensyslog Clear Events

  - by Stefan Mai

  I've hooked up Zenoss' Zensyslog so that messages from a distributed list of client machines are all conglomerated into events on the Zenoss server. This is all fantastic, and I can bump messages by simply using the logger command: logger -t webserver_is_down "The web server is down" What I'd like to be able to do is also post an event that clears for when the webserver comes up. logger -t webserver_is_up "The web server is up" I've tried to set this up with Event classes but with no dice. Is there a Syslog level that correlates with Zenoss' clear/0 level? Is there another easy way to do this? Thanks for any help you can give!

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• Apache httpd: Send error logs to syslog and local disk? Without touching /etc/syslog.conf?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have an Apache httpd 2.2 server. I want to log all messages using syslog, so that the requests are sent to our central syslog server. I also want to ensure that all log messages are sent to local disk, so that a sysadmin can have easy access to the log files on the local system. It is easy to send HTTP access logs to both the local disk and to syslog. One common method is: LogFormat "%V %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined CustomLog logs/access_log combined CustomLog "|/usr/bin/logger -t httpd -i -p local4.info" combined But it is not easy to do this for error logs. The following configuration doesn't work, because the error logs only use the last ErrorLog stanza. The first ErrorLog stanza is ignored. ErrorLog logs/error_log ErrorLog syslog:local4.error How can I ensure that Apache errors logs are written to the local disk and are sent to syslog? Is it possible to do this without touching /etc/syslog.conf ? I am fine if my users want to manage their own Apache configuration files, but I do not want them touching system files such as /etc/syslog.conf

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• LdapErr: DSID-0C0903AA, data 52e: authenticating against AD '08 with pam_ldap

  - by Stefan M

  I have full admin access to the AD '08 server I'm trying to authenticate towards. The error code means invalid credentials, but I wish this was as simple as me typing in the wrong password. First of all, I have a working Apache mod_ldap configuration against the same domain. AuthType basic AuthName "MYDOMAIN" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://10.220.100.10/OU=Companies,MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" AuthLDAPBindDN svc_webaccess_auth AuthLDAPBindPassword mySvcWebAccessPassword Require ldap-group CN=Service_WebAccess,OU=Groups,OU=MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet I'm showing this because it works without the use of any Kerberos, as so many other guides out there recommend for system authentication to AD. Now I want to translate this into pam_ldap.conf for use with OpenSSH. The /etc/pam.d/common-auth part is simple. auth sufficient pam_ldap.so debug This line is processed before any other. I believe the real issue is configuring pam_ldap.conf. host 10.220.100.10 base OU=Companies,MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet ldap_version 3 binddn svc_webaccess_auth bindpw mySvcWebAccessPassword scope sub timelimit 30 pam_filter objectclass=User nss_map_attribute uid sAMAccountName pam_login_attribute sAMAccountName pam_password ad Now I've been monitoring ldap traffic on the AD host using wireshark. I've captured a successful session from Apache's mod_ldap and compared it to a failed session from pam_ldap. The first bindrequest is a success using the svc_webaccess_auth account, the searchrequest is a success and returns a result of 1. The last bindrequest using my user is a failure and returns the above error code. Everything looks identical except for this one line in the filter for the searchrequest, here showing mod_ldap. Filter: (&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=ivasta)) The second one is pam_ldap. Filter: (&(&(objectclass=User)(objectclass=User))(sAMAccountName=ivasta)) My user is named ivasta. However, the searchrequest does not return failure, it does return 1 result. I've also tried this with ldapsearch on the cli. It's the bindrequest that follows the searchrequest that fails with the above error code 52e. Here is the failure message of the final bindrequest. resultcode: invalidcredentials (49) 80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C0903AA, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 52e, v1772 This should mean invalid password but I've tried with other users and with very simple passwords. Does anyone recognize this from their own struggles with pam_ldap and AD? Edit: Worth noting is that I've also tried pam_password crypt, and pam_filter sAMAccountName=User because this worked when using ldapsearch. ldapsearch -LLL -h 10.220.100.10 -x -b "ou=Users,ou=mycompany,dc=southit,dc=inet" -v -s sub -D svc_webaccess_auth -W '(sAMAccountName=ivasta)' This works using the svc_webaccess_auth account password. This account has scan access to that OU for use with apache's mod_ldap.

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• Yum install packages to an alternate directory, without chroot?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I would like to use the Foswiki yum repository to install Foswiki (296 packages). The default installation path is /var/lib/, but I want to install it to an alternate location at /opt/www/. In the future, I still want to use yum to check for and apply updates to the packages. Is it possible to use yum to install packages to an location which is different then the default location provided by RPMs? Does Yum provide anything similar to ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ or rpm --install --prefix=/opt/local? Yum provides the --installroot option, but that appears to primarily for chroot environments.

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• snmpd.conf network range not accepted

  - by Stefan

  I am using snmpd on CentOS 6.3 and was giving a network range to the source for mapping community to security group. com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.0/23 centreon Anyhow it is not working and I always get a timeout from the polling server. When I enter the exact ip of the polling server it works (192.168.3.180) It even works if I enter the whole netmask (255.255.252.0) Anyhow it should work according to documentation. Did I do anything wrong?

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• Apache proxy: Why is one vhost returning Forbidden while the other one works?

  - by Stefan Majewsky

  I have a Java application that needs to talk to another intranet website using HTTPS in both directions. After fighting with Java's SSL implementations for some time, I gave up on that, and have now set up an Apache that's supposed to act as a bidirectional reverse proxy: external app ---(HTTPS request)---> Apache ---(local HTTP request)---> Java app This direction works just fine, however the other direction does not: Java app ---(local HTTP request)---> Apache ---(HTTPS request)---> external app This is the configuration for the vhost implementing the second proxy: Listen 127.0.0.1:8081 <VirtualHost appgateway:8081> ServerName appgateway.local SSLProxyEngine on ProxyPass / https://externalapp.corp:443/ ProxyPassReverse / https://externalapp.corp:443/ ProxyRequests Off AllowEncodedSlashes On # we do not need to apply any more restrictions here, because we listened on # local connections only in the first place (see the Listen directive above) <Proxy https://externalapp.corp:443/*> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> </VirtualHost> A curl http://127.0.0.1:8081/ should serve the equivalent of https://externalapp.corp, but instead results in 403 Forbidden, with the following message in the Apache error log: [Wed Jun 04 08:57:19 2014] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Directory index forbidden by Options directive: /srv/www/htdocs/ This message completely puzzles me: Yes, I have not set up any permissions on the DocumentRoot of this vhost, but everything works fine for the other proxy direction where I haven't. For reference, here's the other vhost: Listen this_vm_hostname:443 <VirtualHost javaapp:443> ServerName javaapp.corp SSLEngine on SSLProxyEngine on # not shown: SSLCipherSuite, SSLCertificateFile, SSLCertificateKeyFile SSLOptions +StdEnvVars ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/ ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/ ProxyRequests Off AllowEncodedSlashes On # Local reverse proxy authorization override <Proxy http://localhost:8080/*> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> </VirtualHost>

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• Reserve one http slot for /server-status?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have an Apache server which is hanging for some reason. When I normally want to check on the load of an Apache server, I tend to use mod_status via the URL at http://webserver1.example.org/server-status or from the commandline like service httpd fullstatus. However today, the Server is refusing all new connections. Some mysterious problem is causing connections to stall, which means that number of connections fills up all available connections (e.g. The number of connects exceeds the MaxClients setting), and therefore neither http://webserver1.example.org/server-status nor service httpd fullstatus can return anything. Is it possible to configure Apache to reserve one or two slots for the mod_status pages?

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• ContentAssist delay on editors for Eclipse?

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  When using the Java Editor for Eclipse, one can set the ContentAssist delay to 0 seconds (in the Java Editor ContentAssist options). In other language editors, e.g EPIC (Perl Integration), this option isn't offered. However I guess that for all languages editors there is a configuration file where one can change this correctly, which is the same as for the Java Editor. So, where is the configuration file for the Eclipse Java Editor concerning the ContentAssist stuff? Thanks :-)

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• Force '^C' to be printed when editing current prompt, then aborting it

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  This is the opposite of Prevent “^C” from being printed when aborting editing current prompt. I'm using Bash. When I'm editing the commandline in Bash, and I hit Control-C to abort the commandline, the '^C' character does not display. I would like to see this character. I tried commands like stty -ctlecho and stty ctlecho (which I borrowed from the other question), but this didn't work for me. This behavior seems to be true with my environment on Ubuntu, CentOS and MacOSX.

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• Windows 8 Internet Explorer 11 proxy automation script

  - by Stefan Bollmann

  Similar to this post, I'd like to change my proxy settings using a script. However, it fails. When I am behind the proxy, IE does not connect to the internet. Here I try the first solution from craig: function FindProxyForURL(url, host) { if (isInNet(myIpAddress(), "myactualip", "myactualsubnetip")) return "PROXY proxyasshowninpicture:portihavetouseforthisproxy_see_picture"; else return "DIRECT"; } This script is saved as proxy.pac in c:\windows and my configuration is* in LAN settings: No automatically detected settings, yes, use automatic config script: file://c:/windows/proxy.pac No proxy server. So, what am I doing wrong? ---------------- update -------------- However, when I set up a proxy in my LAN configurations: IE -> Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings check: Use a proxy Server for your LAN Address: <a pingable proxy> Port: <portnr> everything is fine for this environment. Now I try a simpler script like function FindProxyForURL(url, host) { return "PROXY <pingable proxy>:<portnr>; DIRECT"; } With a configuration described above** I am not able to get through the proxy.

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• Can all notebooks record from the sound card?

  - by Stefan Walter

  Is it possible that a modern notebook (say built in the last 5 years) contains a (onboard) sound card that it is not possible to record from? I've always assumed that this is a very basic capability, but since I can't get it to work, I would like to check that before I put any more effort into it. In case it matters, my notebook is an ASUS UL50VT, I'm trying with Sound Recorder and Audacity under Ubuntu, but I am, at this point, not asking for "Try that"-support or software recommendations.

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• Installing VirtIO drivers in Windows Server 2008

  - by Stefan K.

  We are running a Windows Server 2008 system as a "guest" on a Linux-KVM virtual server (SLES11, with VirtIO support). We have trouble with the system performance and this is possibly due to not using the VirtIO drivers. I don't have much experience with neither KVM not VirtIO. Just heard it this could be the reason for our problem. Questions: The install examples I just found are describing how to install the drivers during Windows setup. Is it possible to install the VirtIO drivers later? We have running software on that system and would like to avoid reinstalling/setup of all these. I already found a page describing how to sign the drivers, which seems to be needed. A good tutorial page (step by step instructions) would be nice. Is there anything like that out there?

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• EGit (Eclipse) wrongly interpreting file names with non-ASCII characters?

  - by Stefan Seidel

  I recently switched to using a Git repository within Eclipse (Juno SR2), using EGit. In our project, some file names contains umlauts and other special non-ASCII-characters. On the command line, git status show no changes, workspace clean, but Eclipse marks those files as changed: How can I make Eclipse/EGit use the correct encoding for filenames? I tried setting LANG, file.encoding and the git config svn.pathnameencoding all to no avail. And again, on the command line there are no such errors.

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• Title: Better logging for cronjob output

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I am looking for a better way to log cronjobs. Most cronjobs tend to spam email or the console, get ignored, or create yet another logfile. In this case, I have a Nagios NSCA script which sends data to a central Nagios sever. This send_nsca script also prints a single status line to STDOUT, indicating success or failure. 0 * * * * root /usr/local/nagios/sbin/nsca_check_disk This emails the following message to root@localhost, which is then forwarded to my team of sysadmins. Spam. forwarded nsca_check_disk: 1 data packet(s) sent to host successfully. I'm looking for a log method which: Doesn't spam the messages to email or the console Don't create yet another krufty logfile which requires cleanup months or years later. Capture the log information somewhere, so it can be viewed later if desired. Works on most unixes Fits into an existing log infrastructure. Uses common syslog conventions like 'facility' Some of these are third party scripts, and don't always do logging internally.

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• Find duplicate images?

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  I need a software (for Windows) that finds duplicate images by comparing the actual image content. I have duplicates of images, once with metadata, one without, so the image is the same, but the file is not, so comparing the files byte by byte is not enough. Another requirement is, that I can delete all / several duplicates at once - I don't want to click 100 times "delete"! That is, what I actually would have to do using XnView ): I also checked the other topics here and Google, but if a programscompares the images in a perfect way (like XnView) it doesn't allow the deletion of several duplicates at once

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• Characteristics of a Web service that promote reusability and change

  Characteristics of a Web service that promote reusability and change:  Standardized Data Exchange Formats (XML, JSON) Standardized communication protocols (Soap, Rest) Promotes Loosely Coupled Systems  Standardized Data Exchange Formats (XML, JSON) XML W3.org defines Extensible Markup Language (XML) as a simplistic text format derived from SGML. XML was designed to solve challenges found in large-scale electronic publishing. In addition,  XML is playing an important role in the exchange of data primarily focusing on data exchange on the web. JSON JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a human-readable text-based standard designed for data interchange. This format is used for serializing and transmitting data over a network connection in a structured format. The primary use of JSON is to transmit data between a server and web application. JSON is an alternative to XML. Standardized communication protocols (Soap, Rest) Soap W3Scools.com defines SOAP as a simple XML-based protocol. This protocol lets applications exchange data over HTTP.  SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating systems, with different technologies and programming languages. Rest In 2007, Stefan Tilkov defines Representational State Transfer (REST) as a set of principles that outlines how Web standards are supposed to be used.  Using REST in an application will ensure that it exploits the Web’s architecture to its benefit. Promotes Loosely Coupled Systems “Loose coupling as an approach to interconnecting the components in a system or network so that those components, also called elements, depend on each other to the least extent practicable. Coupling refers to the degree of direct knowledge that one element has of another.” (TechTarget.com, 2007) “Loosely coupled system can be easily broken down into definable elements. The extent of coupling in a system can be measured by mapping the maximum number of element changes that can occur without adverse effects. Examples of such changes include adding elements, removing elements, renaming elements, reconfiguring elements, modifying internal element characteristics and rearranging the way in which elements are interconnected.” (TechTarget.com, 2007) References: W3C. (2011). Extensible Markup Language (XML). Retrieved from W3.org: http://www.w3.org/XML/ W3Scools.com. (2011). SOAP Introduction. Retrieved from W3Scools.com: http://www.w3schools.com/soap/soap_intro.asp Tilkov, Stefan. (2007). A Brief Introduction to REST. Retrieved from Infoq.com: http://www.infoq.com/articles/rest-introduction TechTarget.com. (2011). loose coupling. Retrieved from TechTarget.com: http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/loose-coupling

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• Draw a semicircle / half circle in WPF / C#

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  Hello, I need to draw a semicircle / half circle in WPF. Any idea how to do that? Thanks for any hint!

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• WPF: Draw a grid on a Canvas?

  - by stefan.at.wpf

  Hello community, I'm currently trying to add gridlines to a canvas. I need an exact free space between them, where I'd like to place something for hit detection per cell, maybe simply a transparent border or such a thing. While I thought this would be an easy thing, I'm facing problems like antialiasing and that lines in WPF aren't very "calculate" / exact drawing friendly - e.g. if I draw a line on x=20 with a thickness of 10, the line's width goes from x=15 to x=25 (maybe not exactly, just some kind like that), so it takes the given position as middle point - if it would draw from 20 to 30 it would be easier in my case. Besides that making things more complex, how does WPF handle e.g. a thickness of 5? Draw thickness 3 left from the given point and the remaining 2 right from it? Or maybe just the opposite way? Well, just wanted to show you which problems I have, though this all maybe just seems simple to be done. Just wondering if anyone has ever done this before. Currently I find a Border without content and just 2 sites set to a thickness greater than 0 as line seems to work the best in my tests, seems like it's clear where they are drawn and they somehow don't seem to make any antialiasing problems. Just wondering if there's a more intuitive / better way of doing this? I don't want to lay a Canvas over a Grid, I think this maybe makes some things more complex in the end (by the way: how would I place a Canvas on top of a Grid?). Thanks for any hint!

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