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• Differences between Remote Desktop and Terminal services

  - by Uwe

  What is the difference between Remote Desktop and Terminal services? We run a windows 2008 R2 server. There are several administrators who need to access this server. Windows 2008 allows only two concurrent sessions with different users. So I thought of installing terminal services. But I wonder what will happen to the server if I do so? What will be installed additionally? Will there be more features, ports, issues with the server?

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• Why are there tons of PHP processes open on my server?

  - by fiftyeight

  Today I saw that a website of mine isn't working so I ssh'd to the server and executed ps -eF. I see about 200 PHP processes that are running all for 4 hours. Apache is built with mpm event and mod fcgid. I killed all the PHP processes and now it's running fine, why does this happen? is this expected behavior? I don't really understand how processes how Apache keeps track of the number of PHP processes and their process IDs, so it would be nice if someone can also give some reference when I can read about this. Also, I used the "ab" command (Apache Benchmark) to see if this happens all the time, so I ran it about 4-5 times with 30 concurrent requests and again there are like 150 PHP processes running, when I keep running "ab" now it doesn't spawn more processes and the website is still working. Please shed some light on this! Thank you :)

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• How to avoid maximum Workgroup Manager connections in Mac OS X Server 10.6

  - by Stephan

  Is there a limit on the Mac OS X Server (10.6) Workgroup Manager in respect to concurrent connections to a server? I have an OS X server up and running and Open Directory configured but I am not able to log in remotely as I get the message the maximum number of connections for Workgroup Manager is already reached and I should wait for a user to disconnect. Even after a restart I get this message remotely. However, locally on the server I can start Workgroup Manager without any issues. It always lets me connect. Any advice what I need to do to make Workgroup Manager work from a remote location? I could not find any max connection setting in Server-Admin and nothing in the slapd log files. The server license says unlimited so I am quite sure it should not be a regular error message that indicates to me I should upgrade.

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• Configuring CentOS for Heavy-ish Traffic

  - by Jonathan Sampson

  New sysadmin here, managing a CentOS server. This past week has been one of the most exciting weeks of my career, and full of learning all sorts of new things. Today I have another task though, and that is to make sure our server can handle more than what our old shared-hosting was capable of. We were originally limited to 200 concurrent connections on our GoDaddy shared-hosting. Eventually we out-grew this (usually during campaigns/marketing events) and moved on to a Virtual Dedicated Server. I'm assuming the number of connections would be handled by Apache. What configurations should I be mindful of in order to allow more traffic in?

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• Has this server been compromised?

  - by Griffo

  A friend is running a VPS (CentOS) His business partner was the sysadmin but has left him high and dry to look after the system. So, I've been asked to help out in fixing an apparent spam problem. His IP address got blacklisted for unsolicited mail. I'm not sure where to look for a problem, but I started with netstat to see what open connections were running. It looks to me like he has remote hosts connected to his SMTP server. Here's the output: Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:imap 86-40-60-183-dynamic.:10029 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:imap 86-40-60-183-dynamic.:10010 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 1 78.153.208.195:35563 news.avanport.pt:smtp SYN_SENT tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:35559 vip-us-br-mx.terra.com:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:35560 vip-us-br-mx.terra.com:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 1 1 78.153.208.195:imaps 86-40-60-183-dynamic.:11647 CLOSING tcp 1 1 78.153.208.195:imaps 86-40-60-183-dynamic.:11645 CLOSING tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:35562 mx.a.locaweb.com.br:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:35561 mx.a.locaweb.com.br:smtp TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 78.153.208.195:imap 86-41-8-64-dynamic.b-:49446 ESTABLISHED Does this indicate that his server may be acting as an open relay? Mail should only be outgoing from localhost. Apologies for my lack of knowledge but I don't work on linux in my day job. EDIT: Here's some output from /var/log/maillog which looks like it may be the result of spam. If it appears to be the case to others, where should I look next to investigate a root cause? I put the server IP through www.checkor.com and it came back clean. Jun 29 00:02:13 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302133.721674 status: local 0/10 remote 9/20 Jun 29 00:02:13 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302133.886182 delivery 74116: deferral: 200.147.36.15_does_not_like_recipient./Remote_host_said:_450_4.7.1_Client_host_rejected:_cannot_find_your_hostname,_[78.153.208.195]/Giving_up_on_200.147.36.15./ Jun 29 00:02:13 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302133.886255 status: local 0/10 remote 8/20 Jun 29 00:02:13 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302133.898266 delivery 74115: deferral: 187.31.0.11_does_not_like_recipient./Remote_host_said:_450_4.7.1_Client_host_rejected:_cannot_find_your_hostname,_[78.153.208.195]/Giving_up_on_187.31.0.11./ Jun 29 00:02:13 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302133.898327 status: local 0/10 remote 7/20 Jun 29 00:02:14 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302134.137833 delivery 74111: deferral: Sorry,_I_wasn't_able_to_establish_an_SMTP_connection._(#4.4.1)/ Jun 29 00:02:14 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302134.137914 status: local 0/10 remote 6/20 Jun 29 00:02:19 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302139.903536 delivery 74000: failure: 209.85.143.27_failed_after_I_sent_the_message./Remote_host_said:_550-5.7.1_[78.153.208.195_______1]_Our_system_has_detected_an_unusual_rate_of/550-5.7.1_unsolicited_mail_originating_from_your_IP_address._To_protect_our/550-5.7.1_users_from_spam,_mail_sent_from_your_IP_address_has_been_blocked./550-5.7.1_Please_visit_http://www.google.com/mail/help/bulk_mail.html_to_review/550_5.7.1_our_Bulk_Email_Senders_Guidelines._e25si1385223wes.137/ Jun 29 00:02:19 vps-1001108-595 qmail: 1309302139.903606 status: local 0/10 remote 5/20 Jun 29 00:02:19 vps-1001108-595 qmail-queue-handlers[15501]: Handlers Filter before-queue for qmail started ... EDIT #2 Here's the output of netstat -p with the imap and imaps lines removed. I also removed my own ssh session Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 1 78.153.208.195:40076 any-in-2015.1e100.net:smtp SYN_SENT 24096/qmail-remote. tcp 0 1 78.153.208.195:40077 any-in-2015.1e100.net:smtp SYN_SENT 24097/qmail-remote. udp 0 0 78.153.208.195:48515 125.64.11.158:4225 ESTABLISHED 20435/httpd

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• Rules to choose hardware for OLTP systems (sql server)

  - by Roman Pokrovskij

  Ok. We know database size, number of concurrent users, number of transactions per minute; should choose number of processors, RAID, RAM, mirroring and clustering. There are no exact rule.. but may be there are no rules at all? In my practice in every case I have "legacy" system, and after some inspections and interview I can form an opinion how hardware and design can be improved. But every time when I meet "absolutely" new system (I guess there are no new systems, but sometimes are such tasks) I can't say anything trustful. So I'm interesting how people deal with such tasks? They map task on theirs experience or have some base formulas?

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• How to speed up apache

  - by Zen_silence

  We have a server with 8Cores, 16GB of RAM and RAID 0 SAS 10K drives. Our goal is to use this to serve a fairly simple php application quickly. We have tested all other components and we think we have narrowed it down to apache is our bottleneck. I am no apache guru I have done some research and tested a couple things but when i test with JMeter launching 100 concurrent connections against the server the first 10 - 20 come back quickly 30 - 100ms but the rest take between 1000ms to 3000ms. Anyone have any ideas on what to change in our apache config to make this faster right now its a vanilla install of apache.

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• Shared block device file system (cluster file system without networking)

  - by fungs

  Is there any file system that can be mounted multiple times and supports concurrent file access for Linux? Basically I want something like a cluster file system but without the need to have a running network for a distributed lock manager. That can be very handy in connection with virtual machines that can share data with the host or another VM without the need to create a network link. This I want to avoid to keep the network architecture secure (virtual machine in DMZ) but share large files. No need to scale it up, just two machines that mount the same block device. Shouldn't it be possible to have file locking information right on the disk?

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• How do I install and run Tomcat on port 80 as my only web server? (Rooted Ubuntu box)

  - by gav

  Hi All, tl;dr - I have a rooted linux box that I want to run tomcat on as a server (No Apache Web Server) how would you set this up avoiding common security pitfalls? I've written a Grails App that I want to run on a VPS I rent. The VPS has very little memory and I am using it for the sole purpose of running this application so I don't need the apache web server. This is my first venture into Server administration and I'm sure to fall into some well known traps. Should I use iptables to redirect requests from port 80 to 8080? Should I run tomcat as root or as it's own user? What configuration settings would be good for a low memory system expecting less than 10 concurrent users? Hopefully an easy one for you! Anyone who could link to a tutorial would be a personal hero destined for great things no doubt. Gav

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• static index.html file nginx

  - by Guntis

  We are using nginx with php-fpm. We plan to make first page static (generate html file). if we have 100 concurrent connections, how we can handle file regeneration? basically we need generate new file index_new.html, then delete index.html, and then move index_new.html to index.html. What happens when index.html file was deleted? User gets 404 error? Or nginx handles file from OS cache? One idea is to tell nginx, that 404 error is index_new.html and then not to move index_new to index, but copy. But i don't like idea about 404 error. Thanks.

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• Providing internet access to users in an Enterprise (MPLS ) Network

  - by Vivek Bernard

  Scenario I'm planning to setup a typical Head Office - Branch Office(s) Network Setup. there will be 25 branch offices in India of two will be overseas (one in US and the other in UK). All these will be connected via MPLS. Additional details: No of Concurrent users in each office is going to be 25 tranlating to 650 users The requirement is to provide "proxied" internet connectivity to the branch offices. How should I go about doing it? Plan A: Buying an internet leased line in the Head Office and distribute it through an internal proxy server to all the branches Plan B Buying separate internet lines for all the branches and setup individual proxies to all the branch offices.

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• apache and ajp performance

  - by user12145

  I have an apache sitting in front of two tomcat app servers(one on the same physical server, the other on a different one) that does time consuming work(0.5 sec to 10sec per request). The apache http server is getting killed by an average of 1 to 2 concurrent requests per second. both Server spec is about 2GB of RAM. Is there a way to optimize apache to handle the load? any advise is welcome. BalancerMember ajp://localhost:8009/xxxxxx BalancerMember ajp://XXX.XX.XXX.XX:8009/xxxxxx I keep getting the following in apache2.2 log: [Mon Dec 28 00:31:02 2009] [error] ajp_read_header: ajp_ilink_receive failed [Mon Dec 28 00:31:02 2009] [error] (120006)APR does not understand this error code: proxy: read response failed from 127.0.0.1:8009 (localhost)

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• All browsers crash when file uploading or downloading dialog opens up

  - by Mitulát báti

  I pretty much summarized the problem in the title. I tried to get some solutions. All I found was check if the Chrome has any concurrent or erroneous applications installed on my computer that conflicts with Chrome (by typing chrome://conflicts). But "unfortunately" it said that there are no perceived conflicts. First I thought it is only with Chrome, but soon I saw that no. All internet browsers are affected. I noticed this problem after I installed Fruity Loops, but uninstalling it didn't solve the problem. Maybe Fruity loops is not the guilty reason. Have any of you met this problem before? What should I do? Thank you. UPDATE: Sorry I forgot that this is under Windows 8.1.

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• Weblogic Threads Usage

  - by Hila

  I have an application deployed on WebLogic 10.3, which exhibits a strange behavior. I am running a constant (not too high) load on my application (20 concurrent users, running a light activity). The response time is reasonable (well below 100ms after the application stabilizes) Memory consumption seems fine (My application creates a lot of short-living objects, but they are garbaged collected so the overall memory consumption stays under 500 mb). Threads stats seem healthy as well: And yet, after I leave my test running for a while, more and more execute threads ("[ACTIVE] ExecuteThread: '3' for queue: 'weblogic.kernel.Default (self-tuning)'") are created, until eventually the application crashes: This test hasn't been running for a long time (All the new threads that you don't see in the first screenshot were created while I was writing this question), and I've seen much more threads being created. Any idea why these threads are being created?

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• DDoS attacks to PBX

  - by user316687

  I'm wondering if DDOS attacks to PBX or telecommunications systems is possibe real. According to this links: http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/firm-sees-more-ddos-attacks-aimed-telecom-systems-073112 http://news.softpedia.com/news/DDOS-Attacks-Against-Telecom-Systems-Cost-as-Little-as-20-16-Per-Day-284875.shtml it is possible. There are DDOs attacks to web servers, which mostly give them so much concurrent loads or connections that service get unavailable. Many government or non-profit organizations that suffered this kind of attacks, eventually could choose to shutdown their web server and that's it, waiting for these attacks to end. For a DDOs attacks to PBX, I imagine that it would result in telephones getting busy or ringing all the time unstoppably. This kind of attack could really damage any kind organization. Is it possible to do that or are we just in the beginnings?

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• Memory limit on PHP + Apache + Windows 32 bit?

  - by thkala

  I am considering using Apache 32-bit for a Moodle installation on a Windows 2008 R2 64-bit/16GB server. Since the available memory affects the number of concurrent of users that can be served, I was wondering how the 2GB memory limit on 32-bit Windows processes affects Apache+PHP. Is it a collective limit for the whole server, or is it applied separately for each Apache child process/thread? If it is separate, how many of those children are launched on Windows? One per request? One per processor core? Something in the middle? Is this somehow configurable?

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• How do I analyze an Apache Bench result?

  - by Alan Hoffmeister

  I need some help with analyzing a log from Apache Bench: Benchmarking texteli.com (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Completed 600 requests Completed 700 requests Completed 800 requests Completed 900 requests Completed 1000 requests Finished 1000 requests Server Software: Server Hostname: texteli.com Server Port: 80 Document Path: /4f84b59c557eb79321000dfa Document Length: 13400 bytes Concurrency Level: 200 Time taken for tests: 37.030 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 13524000 bytes HTML transferred: 13400000 bytes Requests per second: 27.01 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 7406.024 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 37.030 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 356.66 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 27 37 19.5 34 319 Processing: 80 6273 1673.7 6907 8987 Waiting: 47 3436 2085.2 3345 8856 Total: 115 6310 1675.8 6940 9022 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 6940 66% 6968 75% 6988 80% 7007 90% 7025 95% 7078 98% 8410 99% 8876 100% 9022 (longest request) What this results can tell me? Isn't 27 rps too slow?

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• How to decide the optimal number of ruby thin/mongrel instances for a server, number of cores?

  - by Amala

  We are trying to deploy mongrel instances on a machine. What is the optimal number of mongrel instances for a server? Since an instance can handle concurrent connections, I do not see any benefit in starting more than 1 per core. Any more than that and the threads will just fight for CPU. Our predecessors have assigned 10 instances for 4 cores, but I think it will just cause CPU contention. Any definitive answers / opinions? I have seen this question: How many mongrel instances? But it is really not specific enough.

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• How to reliably run a batch job every 5 seconds?

  - by Benjamin

  I'm building an application where the sending of all notifications (email, SMS, fax) will be asynchronous. The application will write the notifications to the database, and a batch job will read these notifications and send them with the appropriate transport. I was first reading at ways to run cron faster than the minute, and realized this was a bad idea. The batch scripts are written in PHP, and I guess that writing a proper daemon would be quite an overhead (though I'm open to any suggestion, as PHP car run indefinitely as well). What I have in mind is a solution that would: Run the PHP script every 5 seconds Check that the previous run has finished, or abort (never 2 concurrent batches running) Kill the script if live for more than x minutes (a security in case it hangs) Start with the system (if a reboot occurs) Any idea how to do this?

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• Managing service passwords with Puppet

  - by Jeff Ferland

  I'm setting up my Bacula configuration in Puppet. One thing I want to do is ensure that each password field is different. My current thought is to hash the hostname with a secret value that would ensure each file daemon has a unique password and that password can be written to both the director configuration and the file server. I definitely don't want to use one universal password as that would permit anybody who might compromise one machine to get access to any machine through Bacula. Is there another way to do this other than using a hash function to generate the passwords? Clarification: This is NOT about user accounts for services. This is about the authentication tokens (to use another term) in the client / server files. Example snippet: Director { # define myself Name = <%= hostname $>-dir QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/scripts/query.sql" WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" PidDirectory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 3 Password = "<%= somePasswordFunction =>" # Console password Messages = Daemon }

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• Determine display or VNC session based on PID

  - by Daniel Kessler

  I frequently VNC into a server where we run many concurrent computationally intensive matlab processes. Sometimes, one of my processes misbehave, which I can see from top, but I have a hard time figuring out which VNC session it's running on, or more specifically, which display it's running on. Suppose I see that PID 8536 looks like a resource hog, and I want to investigate. Because it's a matlab session, I know there is likely an IDE open somewhere, and I want to check to see if anything important is happening before I kill it. We've solved this somewhat awkwardly in the past by identifying which PTY 8536 was launched from, then looking at a process tree to figure out things launched in that context, scrolling up, and seeing the VNC initialization. Seems like there must be a better way to go PID - X Display (or VNC Session).

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• MySQL InnoDB disappeared, all InnoDB data cant be accessed

  - by dogmatic69

  Mysql (including InnoDB) was working fine, after a restart the other day when mysql starts it says in the logs: 140604 23:36:07 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 140604 23:36:07 [Note] Plugin 'InnoDB' is disabled. In the app it says: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1286 Unknown storage engine 'InnoDB' Now, according to google this is a very simple fix, just remove the ib_logfile[0|1] files, which I have done and does not do anything. I started by making a full copy of the data dir for testing various 'fixes'. I have also uninstalled mysql and reinstalled it with no change, I just cant get it to run with innodb working anymore :/ # mysql --version mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.37, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.3 I have also tried the innodb_force_recovery setting, 0 - 6, Any time I run a command on an InnoDB table it says innodb_force_recovery LOGS (from around the time it died) was working here Version: '5.5.37-0ubuntu0.14.04.1' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 (Ubuntu) 140530 1:24:22 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Normal shutdown 140530 1:24:22 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events 140530 1:24:22 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 140530 1:24:24 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 3345857316 140530 1:24:24 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete 140530 22:03:12 [Warning] Using unique option prefix myisam-recover instead of myisam-recover-options is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead. 140530 22:03:12 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 140530 22:03:12 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 140530 22:03:15 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 140530 22:03:16 InnoDB: 5.5.37 started; log sequence number 3345857316 140530 22:03:16 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '192.168.1.20'; port: 3306 140530 22:03:16 [Note] - '192.168.1.20' resolves to '192.168.1.20'; 140530 22:03:16 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '192.168.1.20'. 140530 22:03:16 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 140530 22:03:16 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. 140602 0:58:39 [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue. 0 events 140602 0:58:39 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 140602 0:58:41 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 3345954467 140602 0:58:41 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete does not work anymore 140602 21:45:19 [Warning] Using unique option prefix myisam-recover instead of myisam-recover-options is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead. 140602 21:45:19 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 140602 21:45:19 [Note] Plugin 'InnoDB' is disabled. 140602 21:45:19 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '192.168.1.20'; port: 3306 140602 21:45:19 [Note] - '192.168.1.20' resolves to '192.168.1.20'; 140602 21:45:19 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '192.168.1.20'. 140602 21:45:19 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 140602 21:45:19 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.

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• Key modifiers affect remote VNC sessions in OS X

  - by Michael

  I have two concurrent users of my MacBook: one local (with local peripherals) and one remote (connecting via VNC to a user kept logged in with fast user switching). As described here http://macosx.com/forums/howto-faqs/52547-howto-simultaneous-user-environments-via-vnc.html That's working fine, except that when I hit modifier keys (e.g. shift, option, ...), I also affect the remote user. For example, if I hold down shift, the remote user's key strokes are capitalised, and if I hold down option, they get strange glyphs instead of the normal letters. Does anyone have any idea what could be causing this, or how to fix it?

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• Load testing nginx inside AWS

  - by andy

  I'm trying to load test nginx running on AWS. I need to try to optimise it to handle 1Gbps of inbound traffic. Currently I've got it to peak at 85Mbit/s by running nginx on an m1.large with 4 other machines hitting it by using ab with -i (for head requests) -k (keepalives) -r (ignore failed requests) -n 500000 -c 20000. I'm struggling to generate more than 85 Mbit/s traffic from 4 machines, yet when I do scp a large file I get nearly 0.25Gbit/s of traffic going over the network. Are there any tools or approaches that I could use to load test nginx that might generate more load? I'm only interested in inbound traffic, so perhaps a DoS tool could help if it chucks away responses? I'm hitting a very small (40 byte) static asset, and have peaked at handling 50K concurrent connections and getting 25k reqs/s when just using a single load generator machine.

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• Hardware specs for web cache

  - by Raj

  I am looking for recommendations for hardware specs for a server that needs to be a web cache for a user population of about 2,000 concurrent connections. The clients are viewing segmented HTTP video in bitrates ranging from 150kbps to 2mbps. Most video is "live" meaning segments of 2-10 secs each, of which 100 or so are maintained at a time. There are also some pre-recorded fixed length videos. How would I go about doing the provisioning calculation for such a server: What kind of HDD (SSD?), how many NICs how much RAM etc? I am thinking of using Varnish on Linux, all the RAM I can get my hands on, 2 CPUs with 6-8 cores each.

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