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  • Move/copy files/folder in linux/solaris using only bash built-ins

    - by KullDox
    There was a situation when somebody moved the whole rootdir into a subdir on a remote system, thus all the system tools like cp, mv, etc didn't work anymore. We had an active session though but couldn't find a way to copy/move the files back using only bash built-ins. Do somebody know of a way to achieve this? I even thought about copy the cp or mv binary in the currentdir with while read -r; do echo $LINE; done and then redirect this to a file, but it didn't work. Guess because of all the special non printable chars in a binary file that can't be copied/displayed using echo. thanks.

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  • C++ Why is the copy constructor implicitly called?

    - by ShaChris23
    Why is the Child class's copy constructor called in the code below? I mean, it automatically converts Base to Child via the Child copy constructor. The code below compiles, but shouldn't it not compile since I haven't provided bool Child::operator!=(Base const&)? class Base { }; class Child : public Base { public: Child() {} Child(Base const& base_) : Base(base_) { std::cout <<"should never called!"; } bool operator!=(Child const&) { return true; } }; void main() { Base base; Child child; if(child != base) std::cout << "not equal"; else std::cout << "equal"; }

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  • How to copy a folder recursively with out overwriting the previous one

    what i need is i have linked my project with the cruise control, so when ever a build happens i want to copy the bin folder to a seperate destination folder with version number. That is when the project build happens for the second time i dont want to replace the bin folder of the first build i want to save this with another version number. How can i do that. Right now i got the thing how to copy the folder but it was overwriting the previous one. i dont want that to happen please help me how to implement the concept of versioning.

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  • Excel can't remember how to copy/paste

    - by wootscootinboogie
    So, maybe someone else has an idea why this happens. I have a full-fledged version of Office 2007, works fine and all that jazz. However, if I try to copy and paste query results from SSMS, or anywhere else for that matter, I have to have an instance of Excel open and then paste. I can't copy, open Excel, and then paste. The little 'wait' circle pops up for a split second but nothing is pasted. I have never ran across this with any other program. Any good explanation for this? FFIW, it's Excel 2007 running in compatibility mode.

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  • Copying files from one directory to another in Java

    - by user42155
    Hello, I want to copy files from one directory to another (subdirectory) using Java. I have a directory, dir, with text files. I iterate over the first 20 files in dir, and want to copy them to another directory in the dir directory, which I have created right before the iteration. In the code, I want to copy the review (which represents the ith text file or review) to trainingDir. How can I do this? There seems not to be such a function (or I couldn't find). Thank you. boolean success = false; File[] reviews = dir.listFiles(); String trainingDir = dir.getAbsolutePath() + "/trainingData"; File trDir = new File(trainingDir); success = trDir.mkdir(); for(int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { File review = reviews[i]; }

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  • How to check for C++ copy ellision

    - by Steve
    I ran across this article on copy ellision in C++ and I've seen comments about it in the boost library. This is appealing, as I prefer my functions to look like verylargereturntype DoSomething(...) rather than void DoSomething(..., verylargereturntype& retval) So, I have two questions about this Google has virtually no documentation on this at all, how real is this? How can I check that this optimization is actually occuring? I assume it involves looking at the assembly, but lets just say that isn't my strong suit. If anyone can give a very basic example as to what successful ellision looks like, that would be very useful I won't be using copy ellision just to prettify things, but if I can be guaranteed that it works, it sounds pretty useful.

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  • Can VBScript determine the most recently modified (or added) file in a particular folder?

    - by Jimminy
    Hello, I have a script (or more accurately WILL have a script) that checks a folder and copies a file from this folder to a different location (will run once per day). The fileName that I'd like to copy from, however, changes based on the date. Basically, instead of setting the "strFilePath" to "C:\somePath\somePath2\myFile.txt" I would like to simply take the most recently modified (or added - does this make a difference in terms of the script??) in the "somePath2" folder and copy it to the destination. Bonus (but not completely necessary) would be to check in the script if the file was modified/added in the last 24 hours and only copy it over in that case. Thanks for your help!

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  • How to return a copy of the data in C++

    - by Josh Curren
    I am trying to return a new copy of the data in a C++ Template class. The following code is getting this error: invalid conversion from ‘int*’ to ‘int’. If I remove the new T then I am not returning a copy of the data but a pointer to it. template<class T> T OrderedList<T>::get( int k ) { Node<T>* n = list; for( int i = 0; i < k; i++ ) { n=n->get_link(); } return new T( n->get_data() ); // This line is getting the error ********** }

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  • Problem with pointer copy in C

    - by Stefano Salati
    I radically re-edited the question to explain better my application, as the xample I made up wasn't correct in many ways as you pointed out: I have one pointer to char and I want to copy it to another pointer and then add a NULL character at the end (in my real application, the first string is a const, so I cannot jsut modify it, that's why I need to copy it). I have this function, "MLSLSerialWriteBurst" which I have to fill with some code adapt to my microcontroller. tMLError MLSLSerialWriteBurst( unsigned char slaveAddr, unsigned char registerAddr, unsigned short length, const unsigned char *data ) { unsigned char *tmp_data; tmp_data = data; *(tmp_data+length) = NULL; // this function takes a tmp_data which is a char* terminated with a NULL character ('\0') if(EEPageWrite2(slaveAddr,registerAddr,tmp_data)==0) return ML_SUCCESS; else return ML_ERROR; } I see there's a problem here: tha fact that I do not initialize tmp_data, but I cannot know it's length.

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  • How use AppEngine's Datastore Admin: Copy to Another App Feature

    - by Nick Siderakis
    I recently enabled AppEngine's Datastore Admin. I do not understand the instructions on how to copy my data to another app. Note: The target application must enable remote_api and must include this application’s ID in its HTTP_X_APPENGINE_INBOUND_APPID list. WARNING This application’s data is writable. We can only guarantee a consistent copy when the data being copied is read-only. Note: Blobs (binary data) will not be copied. To enable the remote_api I included the following in the app.yaml: builtins: - remote_api: on I have no idea what HTTP_X_APPENGINE_INBOUND_APPID is, and a Google search yields no results....any ideas?

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  • Properties in User-Control Ctor are duplicated to the hosting form

    - by fortis
    An annoying behavior of Visual Studio (2008)'s designer is to duplicate any property of a control, which is set inside the control's constructor code to the InitializeComponent() method of the hosting form. For example, if I create a new user control and write the following line in its Ctor: this.Text = "Hard Coded Name"; then this same line will appear inside the InitializeComponent() method of any form hosting this control. As long as it's about this kind of properties, it's only annoying because if I were to change the Text property inside the control to: "Better Hard Coded Name", I'd have to go over all hosting controls and manually change the Text value over there too. The real problem is with ".Add(something)" properties - like if my control is a TableLayoutPanel and I want it to have a certain number of columns and rows. Any col or row style set inside the user control will be duplicated in the hosting form and we end up with having twice as wanted. The count (e.g. ColumnCount) will be as planned but if I were to add cols later on, things will get messy. Is there a way to signal VS's designer not to duplicate properties? What can I do to avoid this behavior?

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  • Copy one object to another

    - by developer
    Hi All, I have 2 tables, user and userprofile. The userprofile table has a lot of fields similar to the user table. What I need to do is, on click of a button I need to copy all the fields of user table to userprofile table. UserModel AttData = UserModel[0]; DataServices.Save((UserProfile)AttData.ProfileModel.Instance); UserModel[0] contains all the data in user table. I want to copy this data to AttData.ProfileModel.Instance. How can I do that?

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  • How to code the set method of a Map with another Map as value?

    - by Nazgulled
    I normally do this to set a new Map to a private variable: public static void setListaClausulas(Map<String, Clausula> nvLista) { listaClausulas = new TreeMap<String, Clausula>(nvLista); } I suppose this is ok to set a new copy of the nvLista and all it's members and not a reference, is it? But now I have a Map inside another Map and I'm doing this: public static void setListaClausulas(Map<String, Map<String, Clausula>> nvLista) { listaClausulas = new TreeMap<String, Map<String, Clausula>>(nvLista); } Is this the correct way to do it or do you recommend something else? What I want is to set a new copy of nvLista (and all it's elements) and not copy just the reference.

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  • PowerShell Control over Nikon D3000 Camera

    My wife got me a Nikon D3000 camera for Christmas last year, and Im loving it but still trying to wrap my head around some of its features.  For instance, when you plug it into a computer via USB, it doesnt show up as a drive like most cameras Ive used to, but rather it shows up as Computer\D3000.  After a bit of research, Ive learned that this is because it implements the MTP/PTP protocol, and thus doesnt actually let Windows mount the cameras storage as a drive letter.  Nikon describes the use of the MTP and PTP protocols in their cameras here. What Im really trying to do is gain access to the cameras file system via PowerShell.  Ive been using a very handy PowerShell script to pull pictures off of my cameras and organize them into folders by date.  Id love to be able to do the same thing with my Nikon D3000, but so far I havent been able to figure out how to get access to the files in PowerShell.  If you know, Id appreciate any links/tips you can provide.  All I could find is a shareware product called PTPdrive, which Im not prepared to shell out money for (yet).  (and yes you can do much the same thing with Windows 7s Import Pictures and Videos wizard, which is pretty good too) However, in my searching, I did find some really cool stuff you can do with PowerShell and one of these cameras, like actually taking pictures via PowerShell commands.  Credit for this goes to James ONeill and Mark Wilson.  Heres what I was able to do: Taking Pictures via PowerShell with D3000 First, connect your camera, turn it on, and launch PowerShell.  Execute the following commands to see what commands your device supports.  $dialog = New-Object -ComObject "WIA.CommonDialog" $device = $dialog.ShowSelectDevice() $device.Commands You should see something like this: Now, to take a picture, simply point your camera at something and then execute this command: $device.ExecuteCommand("{AF933CAC-ACAD-11D2-A093-00C04F72DC3C}") .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Imagine my surprise when this actually took a picture (with auto-focus): Imagine what you could do with a camera completely under the control of your computer  Time-lapse photography would be pretty simple, for instance, with a very simple loop that takes a picture and then sleeps for a minute (or whatever time period).  Hooked up to a laptop for portability (and an A/C power supply), this would be pretty trivial to implement.  I may have to give it a shot and report back. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • SVN Export or Recursively Remove .SVN Folders

    - by Ben Griswold
    I shared this script with a coworker yesterday. It doesn’t do much; it recursively deletes .svn folders from a source tree.  It comes in handy if you want to share your codebase or you get in a terrible spot with SVN and you just want to start all over. Just blow away all svn artifacts and use your mulligan. It’s true. You can nearly get the same result using the SVN export command which copies your source sans the .svn folders to an alternate location.  The catch is an export only includes those files/folders which exist under version control.  If you want a clean copy of your source – versioned or not – export just might not do. The contents of the .cmd file include the following: for /f "tokens=* delims=" %%i in (’dir /s /b /a:d *.svn’) do ( rd /s /q "%%i" ) Just download and drop the unzipped “SVN Cleanup.cmd” file into the root of the project, execute and away you go.  If you search around enough, I know you can find similar scripts and approaches elsewhere, but I’m still uploading my script for completeness and future reference. Download SVN Cleanup

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  • Access Control Service: Transitioning between Active and Passive Scenarios

    - by Your DisplayName here!
    As I mentioned in my last post, ACS features a number of ways to transition between protocol and token types. One not so widely known transition is between passive sign ins (browser) and active service consumers. Let’s see how this works. We all know the usual WS-Federation handshake via passive redirect. But ACS also allows driving the sign in process yourself via specially crafted WS-Federation query strings. So you can use the following URL to sign in using LiveID via ACS. ACS will then redirect back to the registered reply URL in your application: GET /login.srf?   wa=wsignin1.0&   wtrealm=https%3a%2f%2faccesscontrol.windows.net%2f&   wreply=https%3a%2f%2fleastprivilege.accesscontrol.windows.net%3a443%2fv2%2fwsfederation&   wp=MBI_FED_SSL&   wctx=pr%3dwsfederation%26rm%3dhttps%253a%252f%252froadie%252facs2rp%252frest%252f The wsfederation bit in the wctx parameter indicates, that the response to the token request will be transmitted back to the relying party via a POST. So far so good – but how can an active client receive that token now? ACS knows an alternative way to send the token request response. Instead of doing the redirect back to the RP, it emits a page that in turn echoes the token response using JavaScript’s window.external.notify. The URL would look like this: GET /login.srf?   wa=wsignin1.0&   wtrealm=https%3a%2f%2faccesscontrol.windows.net%2f&   wreply=https%3a%2f%2fleastprivilege.accesscontrol.windows.net%3a443%2fv2%2fwsfederation&   wp=MBI_FED_SSL&   wctx=pr%3djavascriptnotify%26rm%3dhttps%253a%252f%252froadie%252facs2rp%252frest%252f ACS would then render a page that contains the following script block: <script type="text/javascript">     try{         window.external.Notify('token_response');     }     catch(err){         alert("Error ACS50021: windows.external.Notify is not registered.");     } </script> Whereas token_response is a JSON encoded string with the following format: {   "appliesTo":"...",   "context":null,   "created":123,   "expires":123,   "securityToken":"...",   "tokenType":"..." } OK – so how does this all come together now? As an active client (Silverlight, WPF, WP7, WinForms etc). application, you would host a browser control and use the above URL to trigger the right series of redirects. All the browser controls support one way or the other to register a callback whenever the window.external.notify function is called. This way you get the JSON string from ACS back into the hosting application – and voila you have the security token. When you selected the SWT token format in ACS – you can use that token e.g. for REST services. When you have selected SAML, you can use the token e.g. for SOAP services. In the next post I will show how to retrieve these URLs from ACS and a practical example using WPF.

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  • Access Control Lists for Roles

    - by Kyle Hatlestad
    Back in an earlier post, I wrote about how to enable entity security (access control lists, aka ACLs) for UCM 11g PS3.  Well, there was actually an additional security option that was included in that release but not fully supported yet (only for Fusion Applications).  It's the ability to define Roles as ACLs to entities (documents and folders).  But now in PS5, this security option is now fully supported.   The benefit of defining Roles for ACLs is that those user roles come from the enterprise security directory (e.g. OID, Active Directory, etc) and thus the WebCenter Content administrator does not need to define them like they do with ACL Groups (Aliases).  So it's a bit of best of both worlds.  Users are managed through the LDAP repository and are automatically granted/denied access through their group membership which are mapped to Roles in WCC.  A different way to think about it is being able to add multiple Accounts to content items...which I often get asked about.  Because LDAP groups can map to Accounts, there has always been this association between the LDAP groups and access to the entity in WCC.  But that mapping had to define the specific level of access (RWDA) and you could only apply one Account per content item or folder.  With Roles for ACLs, it basically takes away both of those restrictions by allowing users to define more then one Role and define the level of access on-the-fly. To turn on ACLs for Roles, there is a component to enable.  On the Component Manager page, click the 'advanced component manager' link in the description paragraph at the top.   In the list of Disabled Components, enable the RoleEntityACL component. Then restart.  This is assuming the other configuration settings have been made for the other ACLs in the earlier post.   Once enabled, a new metadata field called xClbraRoleList will be created.  If you are using OracleTextSearch as the search indexer, be sure to run a Fast Rebuild on the collection. For Users and Groups, these values are automatically picked up from the corresponding database tables.  In the case of Roles, there is an explicitly defined list of choices that are made available.  These values must match the roles that are coming from the enterprise security repository. To add these values, go to Administration -> Admin Applets -> Configuration Manager.  On the Views tab, edit the values for the ExternalRolesView.  By default, 'guest' and 'authenticated' are added.  Once added, you can assign the roles to your content or folder. If you are a user that can both access the Security Group for that item and you belong to that particular Role, you now have access to that item.  If you don't belong to that Role, you won't! [Extra] Because the selection mechanism for the list is using a type-ahead field, users may not even know the possible choices to start typing to.  To help them, one thing you can add to the form is a placeholder field which offers the entire list of roles as an option list they can scroll through (assuming its a manageable size)  and view to know what to type to.  By being a placeholder field, it won't need to be added to the custom metadata database table or search engine.  

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  • What's the best way to manage reusable classes/libraries separately?

    - by Tom
    When coding, I naturally often come up with classes or a set of classes with a high reusability. I'm looking for an easy, straight-forward way to work on them separately. I'd like to be able to easily integrate them into any project; it also should be possible to switch to a different version with as few commands as possible. Am I right with the assumption that git (or another VCS) is best suited for this? I thought of setting up local repositories for each class/project/library/plugin and then just cloning/pulling them. It would be great if I could reference those projects by name, not by the full path. Like git clone someproject. edit: To clarify, I know what VCS are about and I do use them. I'm just looking for a comfortable way to store and edit some reusable pieces of code (including unit tests) separately and to be able to include them (without the unit tests) in other projects, without having to manually copy files. Apache Maven is a good example, but I'm looking for a language-independent solution, optimally command-line-based.

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  • Customize Team Build 2010 – Part 13: Get control over the Build Output

    In the series the following parts have been published Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Add arguments and variables Part 3: Use more complex arguments Part 4: Create your own activity Part 5: Increase AssemblyVersion Part 6: Use custom type for an argument Part 7: How is the custom assembly found Part 8: Send information to the build log Part 9: Impersonate activities (run under other credentials) Part 10: Include Version Number in the Build Number Part 11: Speed up opening my build process template Part 12: How to debug my custom activities Part 13: Get control over the Build Output Part 14: Execute a PowerShell script Part 15: Fail a build based on the exit code of a console application In the part 8, I have explained how you can add informational messages, warnings or errors to the build output. If you want to integrate with other lines of text to the build output, you need to do more. This post will show you how you can add extra steps, additional information and hyperlinks to the build output. UPDATE 13-12-2010: Thanks to Jason Pricket, it is now also possible to not show every activity in the build log. This is really useful when you are doing for-loops in your template. To see how you can do that, check out Jason's blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jpricket/archive/2010/12/09/tfs-2010-making-your-build-log-less-noisy.aspx Add an hyperlink to the end of the build output Lets start with a simple example of how you can adjust the build output. In this case we are going to add at the end of the build output an hyperlink where a user can click on to for example start the deployment to the test environment. In part 4 you can find information how you can create a custom activity To add information to the build output, you need the BuildDetail. This value is a variable in your xaml and is thus easily transferable to you custom activity. Besides the BuildDetail the user has also to specify the text and the url that has to be added to the end of the build output. The following code segment shows you how you can achieve this.     [BuildActivity(HostEnvironmentOption.All)]    public sealed class AddHyperlinkToBuildOutput : CodeActivity    {        [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<IBuildDetail> BuildDetail { get; set; }         [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<string> DisplayText { get; set; }         [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<string> Url { get; set; }         protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context)        {            // Obtain the runtime value of the input arguments                        IBuildDetail buildDetail = context.GetValue(this.BuildDetail);            string displayText = context.GetValue(this.DisplayText);            string url = context.GetValue(this.Url);             // Add the hyperlink            buildDetail.Information.AddExternalLink(displayText, new Uri(url));            buildDetail.Information.Save();        }    } If you add this activity to somewhere in your build process template (within the scope Run on Agent), you will get the following build output Add an line of text to the build output The next challenge is to add this kind of output not only to the end of the build output but at the step that is currently executing. To be able to do this, you need the current node in the build output. The following code shows you how you can achieve this. First you need to get the current activity tracking, which you can get with the following line of code             IActivityTracking currentTracking = context.GetExtension<IBuildLoggingExtension>().GetActivityTracking(context); Then you can create a new node and set its type to Activity Tracking Node (so copy it from the current node) and do nice things with the node.             IBuildInformationNode childNode = currentTracking.Node.Children.CreateNode();            childNode.Type = currentTracking.Node.Type;            childNode.Fields.Add("DisplayText", "This text is displayed."); You can also add a build step to display progress             IBuildStep buildStep = childNode.Children.AddBuildStep("Custom Build Step", "This is my custom build step");            buildStep.FinishTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(10);            buildStep.Status = BuildStepStatus.Succeeded; Or you can add an hyperlink to the node             childNode.Children.AddExternalLink("My link", new Uri(http://www.ewaldhofman.nl)); When you combine this together you get the following result in the build output   You can download the full solution at BuildProcess.zip. It will include the sources of every part and will continue to evolve.

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  • Customize Team Build 2010 – Part 13: Get control over the Build Output

    In the series the following parts have been published Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Add arguments and variables Part 3: Use more complex arguments Part 4: Create your own activity Part 5: Increase AssemblyVersion Part 6: Use custom type for an argument Part 7: How is the custom assembly found Part 8: Send information to the build log Part 9: Impersonate activities (run under other credentials) Part 10: Include Version Number in the Build Number Part 11: Speed up opening my build process template Part 12: How to debug my custom activities Part 13: Get control over the Build Output Part 14: Execute a PowerShell script Part 15: Fail a build based on the exit code of a console application     In the part 8, I have explained how you can add informational messages, warnings or errors to the build output. If you want to integrate with other lines of text to the build output, you need to do more. This post will show you how you can add extra steps, additional information and hyperlinks to the build output. Add an hyperlink to the end of the build output Lets start with a simple example of how you can adjust the build output. In this case we are going to add at the end of the build output an hyperlink where a user can click on to for example start the deployment to the test environment. In part 4 you can find information how you can create a custom activity To add information to the build output, you need the BuildDetail. This value is a variable in your xaml and is thus easily transferable to you custom activity. Besides the BuildDetail the user has also to specify the text and the url that has to be added to the end of the build output. The following code segment shows you how you can achieve this.     [BuildActivity(HostEnvironmentOption.All)]    public sealed class AddHyperlinkToBuildOutput : CodeActivity    {        [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<IBuildDetail> BuildDetail { get; set; }         [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<string> DisplayText { get; set; }         [RequiredArgument]        public InArgument<string> Url { get; set; }         protected override void Execute(CodeActivityContext context)        {            // Obtain the runtime value of the input arguments                        IBuildDetail buildDetail = context.GetValue(this.BuildDetail);            string displayText = context.GetValue(this.DisplayText);            string url = context.GetValue(this.Url);             // Add the hyperlink            buildDetail.Information.AddExternalLink(displayText, new Uri(url));            buildDetail.Information.Save();        }    } If you add this activity to somewhere in your build process template (within the scope Run on Agent), you will get the following build output Add an line of text to the build output The next challenge is to add this kind of output not only to the end of the build output but at the step that is currently executing. To be able to do this, you need the current node in the build output. The following code shows you how you can achieve this. First you need to get the current activity tracking, which you can get with the following line of code             IActivityTracking currentTracking = context.GetExtension<IBuildLoggingExtension>().GetActivityTracking(context); Then you can create a new node and set its type to Activity Tracking Node (so copy it from the current node) and do nice things with the node.             IBuildInformationNode childNode = currentTracking.Node.Children.CreateNode();            childNode.Type = currentTracking.Node.Type;            childNode.Fields.Add("DisplayText", "This text is displayed."); You can also add a build step to display progress             IBuildStep buildStep = childNode.Children.AddBuildStep("Custom Build Step", "This is my custom build step");            buildStep.FinishTime = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(10);            buildStep.Status = BuildStepStatus.Succeeded; Or you can add an hyperlink to the node             childNode.Children.AddExternalLink("My link", new Uri(http://www.ewaldhofman.nl)); When you combine this together you get the following result in the build output     You can download the full solution at BuildProcess.zip. It will include the sources of every part and will continue to evolve.

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  • Access Control Service v2: Registering Web Identities in your Applications [concepts]

    - by Your DisplayName here!
    ACS v2 support two fundamental types of client identities– I like to call them “enterprise identities” (WS-*) and “web identities” (Google, LiveID, OpenId in general…). I also see two different “mind sets” when it comes to application design using the above identity types: Enterprise identities – often the fact that a client can present a token from a trusted identity provider means he is a legitimate user of the application. Trust relationships and authorization details have been negotiated out of band (often on paper). Web identities – the fact that a user can authenticate with Google et al does not necessarily mean he is a legitimate (or registered) user of an application. Typically additional steps are necessary (like filling out a form, email confirmation etc). Sometimes also a mixture of both approaches exist, for the sake of this post, I will focus on the web identity case. I got a number of questions how to implement the web identity scenario and after some conversations it turns out it is the old authentication vs. authorization problem that gets in the way. Many people use the IsAuthenticated property on IIdentity to make security decisions in their applications (or deny user=”?” in ASP.NET terms). That’s a very natural thing to do, because authentication was done inside the application and we knew exactly when the IsAuthenticated condition is true. Been there, done that. Guilty ;) The fundamental difference between these “old style” apps and federation is, that authentication is not done by the application anymore. It is done by a third party service, and in the case of web identity providers, in services that are not under our control (nor do we have a formal business relationship with these providers). Now the issue is, when you switch to ACS, and someone with a Google account authenticates, indeed IsAuthenticated is true – because that’s what he is! This does not mean, that he is also authorized to use the application. It just proves he was able to authenticate with Google. Now this obviously leads to confusion. How can we solve that? Easy answer: We have to deal with authentication and authorization separately. Job done ;) For many application types I see this general approach: Application uses ACS for authentication (maybe both enterprise and web identities, we focus on web identities but you could easily have a dual approach here) Application offers to authenticate (or sign in) via web identity accounts like LiveID, Google, Facebook etc. Application also maintains a database of its “own” users. Typically you want to store additional information about the user In such an application type it is important to have a unique identifier for your users (think the primary key of your user database). What would that be? Most web identity provider (and all the standard ACS v2 supported ones) emit a NameIdentifier claim. This is a stable ID for the client (scoped to the relying party – more on that later). Furthermore ACS emits a claims identifying the identity provider (like the original issuer concept in WIF). When you combine these two values together, you can be sure to have a unique identifier for the user, e.g.: Facebook-134952459903700\799880347 You can now check on incoming calls, if the user is already registered and if yes, swap the ACS claims with claims coming from your user database. One claims would maybe be a role like “Registered User” which can then be easily used to do authorization checks in the application. The WIF claims authentication manager is a perfect place to do the claims transformation. If the user is not registered, show a register form. Maybe you can use some claims from the identity provider to pre-fill form fields. (see here where I show how to use the Facebook API to fetch additional user properties). After successful registration (which may include other mechanisms like a confirmation email), flip the bit in your database to make the web identity a registered user. This is all very theoretical. In the next post I will show some code and provide a download link for the complete sample. More on NameIdentifier Identity providers “guarantee” that the name identifier for a given user in your application will always be the same. But different applications (in the case of ACS – different ACS namespaces) will see different name identifiers. This is by design to protect the privacy of users because identical name identifiers could be used to create “profiles” of some sort for that user. In technical terms they create the name identifier approximately like this: name identifier = Hash((Provider Internal User ID) + (Relying Party Address)) Why is this important to know? Well – when you change the name of your ACS namespace, the name identifiers will change as well and you will will lose your “connection” to your existing users. Oh an btw – never use any other claims (like email address or name) to form a unique ID – these can often be changed by users.

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  • Access Control Service: Handling Errors

    - by Your DisplayName here!
    Another common problem with external authentication is how to deal with sign in errors. In active federation like WS-Trust there are well defined SOAP faults to communicate problem to a client. But with web applications, the error information is typically generated and displayed on the external sign in page. The relying party does not know about the error, nor can it help the user in any way. The Access Control Service allows to post sign in errors to a specified page. You setup this page in the relying party registration. That means that whenever an error occurs in ACS, the error information gets packaged up as a JSON string and posted to the page specified. This way you get structued error information back into you application so you can display a friendlier error message or log the error. I added error page support to my ACS2 sample, which can be downloaded here. How to turn the JSON error into CLR types The JSON schema is reasonably simple, the following class turns the JSON into an object: [DataContract] public class AcsErrorResponse {     [DataMember(Name = "context", Order = 1)]     public string Context { get; set; }     [DataMember(Name = "httpReturnCode", Order = 2)]     public string HttpReturnCode { get; set; }     [DataMember(Name = "identityProvider", Order = 3)]        public string IdentityProvider { get; set; }     [DataMember(Name = "timeStamp", Order = 4)]     public string TimeStamp { get; set; }     [DataMember(Name = "traceId", Order = 5)]     public string TraceId { get; set; }     [DataMember(Name = "errors", Order = 6)]     public List<AcsError> Errors { get; set; }     public static AcsErrorResponse Read(string json)     {         var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer( typeof(AcsErrorResponse));         var response = serializer.ReadObject( new MemoryStream(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(json))) as AcsErrorResponse;         if (response != null)         {             return response;         }         else         {             throw new ArgumentException("json");         }     } } [DataContract] public class AcsError {     [DataMember(Name = "errorCode", Order = 1)]     public string Code { get; set; }             [DataMember(Name = "errorMessage", Order = 2)]     public string Message { get; set; } } Retrieving the error information You then need to provide a page that takes the POST and deserializes the information. My sample simply fills a view that shows all information. But that’s for diagnostic/sample purposes only. You shouldn’t show the real errors to your end users. public class SignInErrorController : Controller {     [HttpPost]     public ActionResult Index()     {         var errorDetails = Request.Form["ErrorDetails"];         var response = AcsErrorResponse.Read(errorDetails);         return View("SignInError", response);     } } Also keep in mind that the error page is an anonymous page and that you are taking external input. So all the usual input validation applies.

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