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• Apache httpd + FreeTDS hangs until restarted

  - by Jordan Reiter

  Every so often requests to a Linux server (say, linux.example.org) where the web app (Django) pulls in data from a SQL Server database via FreeTDS will hang. Requests on other servers pointing to the database still work, as do requests on linux.example.org that use local MySQL databases. Only the server plus FreeTDS appear to be affected. Restarting httpd makes the database connections work correctly again. What could cause this problem? Using: Centos 5.9 freetds 0.91 Apache httpd 2.2.3 /etc/obdc.ini: [DSN] Description = SQL Server 2005 Driver = FreeTDS ;Database = dbname Servername = SERVERNAME ;TDS_Version = 8.0 /etc/freetds.conf: [SERVERNAME] driver = /usr/lib64/libtdsodbc.so host = db.example.org port = 1433 tds version = 8.0 client charset = UTF-8

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• For a particular domain, how can I cache its JSON responses locally?

  - by Chris

  I'm coding the frontend of a web app that uses XHR to grab JSON data from a 3rd party. The 3rd party service is slow and because of its API design, we need to make a LOT of API requests every time I refresh the page to test some new code. It's making the development loop painful. The requests are GETs, POSTs and PUTs even though I'm pretty sure none of the requests are changing state. I want to go to localhost for the JSON rather than to this 3rd party API - simply to make my development process faster.

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• Stored Procedure - forcing execution order

  - by meepmeep

  I have a stored procedure that itself calls a list of other stored procedures in order: CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[prSuperProc] AS BEGIN EXEC [dbo].[prProc1] EXEC [dbo].[prProc2] EXEC [dbo].[prProc3] --etc END However, I sometimes have some strange results in my tables, generated by prProc2, which is dependent on the results generated by prProc1. If I manually execute prProc1, prProc2, prProc3 in order then everything is fine. It appears that when I run the top-level procedure, that Proc2 is being executed before Proc1 has completed and committed its results to the db. It doesn't always go wrong, but it seems to go wrong when Proc1 has a long execution time (in this case ~10s). How do I alter prSuperProc such that each procedure only executes once the preceding procedure has completed and committed? Transactions?

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• Reverse Proxy Server SSL?

  - by valveLondon

  Context We currently have an Apache web server in the DMZ set up as a reverse proxy and load balancer for two machines running Windows Server 2008 (IIS) inside. The Apache server has a genuine SSL certificate and serves up both http and https, however, the balancer members in the load balancing section are set to: BalancerMember {https://server1} and {https://server2}. The IIS web servers have self-signed certificates in order to respond to the https requests. My question: Do we need to forward any requests from Apache (in the DMZ) to the inside using SSL? e.g can the reverse proxy forward the requests using HTTP? and if so, why would I choose to forward them with SSL? (how secure is the http line between the dmz and the inside); In other words, can I totally disable SSL on my inside web servers?

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• how to proxy sql queries (INSERT, UPDATE e.t.c.)

  - by XakRu

  I have installed cluster MYSQL (galley with mariadb) As an application server installed Apache. on a server with Apache installed haproxy which proxies requests from php in this case installed for zabbix server cluster. But faced with deadlocks, now I want to proxy requests WRITE, INSERT, UPDATE to the second server. SELECT queries to the second and third server. I would be happy to see your suggestions. Please do not write: use mysql - proxy. I want to see what program it may to proxy SQL requests. scheme: http://www.gliffy.com/pubdoc/4474830/L.png

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• Object for storing strings geted from prints

  - by evg

  class MyWriter: def __init__(self, stdout): self.stdout = stdout self.dumps = [] def write(self, text): self.stdout.write(smart_unicode(text).encode('cp1251')) self.dumps.append(text) def close(self): self.stdout.close() writer = MyWriter(sys.stdout) save = sys.stdout sys.stdout = writer I use self.dumps list to store geted data from prints. Is it exists more convinient object for storing string lines in memory? ideally i want dump it to one big string. I can get it like this "\n".join(self.dumps) from code above. Mb it's better to just concat strings - self.dumps += text ?

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• Two SSL certificates required for two Apache servers using mod_proxy to serve HTTPS?

  - by Nick

  Our application originally used a single Apache server with mod_perl installed to serve up all HTTPS requests. Due to memory issues I've added a lighter Apache installation and used ProxyPass to hand off the Perl requests to the mod_perl enabled server. We currently have an SSL certificate installed on the mod_perl server but I'm struggling to understand whether we need a certificate for both servers or only the lightweight server which is receiving the original requests. Or can a certificate be used for more than one server on a single machine? Thanks in advance for any help/pointers.

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• Controlling access to my API using SSH public key (not SSL)

  - by tharrison

  I have the challenge of implementing an API to be consumed by relatively non-technical clients -- pasting some sample code into their WordPress or homegrown PHP site is probably as much as we can ask. Asking them to install SSL on their servers ain't happening. So I am seeking a simple yet secure way to authenticate API clients. OAuth is the obvious solution, but I don't think it passes the "simple" test. Adding a client id and hashed secret as a parameter to the requests is closer -- it's not hard to do md5($secret . $client_id) or whatever the php would be. It seems to me that if client requests could use the same approach as SSH public keys (client gives us a key from their server(s) there should be some existing magic to make all of the subsequent transactions transparently work just as regular HTTP API requests. I am still working this out (obviously :-), so if I am being an idiot, it would be nice to know why. Thanks!

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• Passing a multi-line string as an argument to a script in Windows

  - by Zack Mulgrew

  I have a simple python script like so: import sys lines = sys.argv[1] for line in lines.splitlines(): print line I want to call it from the command line (or a .bat file) but the first argument may (and probably will) be a string with multiple lines in it. How does one do this? Of course, this works: import sys lines = """This is a string It has multiple lines there are three total""" for line in lines.splitlines(): print line But I need to be able to process an argument line-by-line. EDIT: This is probably more of a Windows command-line problem than a Python problem. EDIT 2: Thanks for all of the good suggestions. It doesn't look like it's possible. I can't use another shell because I'm actually trying to invoke the script from another program which seems to use the Windows command-line behind the scenes.

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• unittest in python: ignore an import from the code I want to test

  - by vaidab

  I have a python program that imports pythoncom (and uses pythoncom.CoCreateInstance from it). I want to create a unittest for the program logic without it importing pythoncom (so I can run the test on Linux as well). What options are there? Can I do it without modifying the system under test? What I found so far: sys.modules["pythoncom"] = "test" import module_that_imports_pythoncom My problem with it is if I have: from pythoncom.something import something I'll get: ImportError: No module named something.something And sys.modules["something.something"] or sys.modules["pythoncom.something.something"] doesn't work. Any ideas?

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• Identify malicious subnet

  - by Macros

  I have been experiencing performance issues on a website for a while, and it always seems to hit around the same time. Having analysed the logs I've found a big spike in requests which corresponds with this slowdown, with all requests coming from the same subnet. It feels to me like an attempt to scrape the site (it is a car hire site and the requests are sequential for each IP and with incremental search criteria) and I would like to identify the source. The Subnet in question is 209.67.89.x which I can see is owned by Savvis however I can't reverse DNS any of the IPs - is there any other way I can gain more info on this (other than contacting them direct - I am also doing this)?

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• Object for storing strings in Python

  - by evg

  class MyWriter: def __init__(self, stdout): self.stdout = stdout self.dumps = [] def write(self, text): self.stdout.write(smart_unicode(text).encode('cp1251')) self.dumps.append(text) def close(self): self.stdout.close() writer = MyWriter(sys.stdout) save = sys.stdout sys.stdout = writer I use self.dumps list to store data obtained from prints. Is there a more convenient object for storing string lines in memory? Ideally I want dump it to one big string. I can get it like this "\n".join(self.dumps) from code above. May be it's better to just concatenate strings - self.dumps += text?

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• Strange python error

  - by Werner

  Hi, I am trying to write a python program that calculates a histogram, given a list of numbers like: 1 3 2 3 4 5 3.2 4 2 2 so the input parameters are the filename and the number of intervals. The program code is: #!/usr/bin/env python import os, sys, re, string, array, math import numpy Lista = [] db = sys.argv[1] db_file = open(db,"r") ic=0 nintervals= int(sys.argv[2]) while 1: line = db_file.readline() if not line: break ll=string.split(line) #print ll[6] Lista.insert(ic,float(ll[0])) ic=ic+1 lmin=min(Lista) print "min= ",lmin lmax=max(Lista) print "max= ",lmax width=666.666 width=(lmax-lmin)/nintervals print "width= ",width nelements=len(Lista) print "nelements= ",nelements print " " Histogram = numpy.zeros(shape=(nintervals)) for item in Lista: #print item int_number = 1 + int((item-lmin)/width) print " " print "item,lmin= ",item,lmin print "(item-lmin)/width= ",(item-lmin)," / ",width," ====== ",(float(item)-float(lmin))/float(width) print "int((item-lmin)/width)= ",int((item-lmin)/width) print item , " belongs to interval ", int_number, " which is from ", lmin+width*(int_number-1), " to ",lmin+width*int_number Histogram[int_number] = Histogram[int_number] + 1 4 but somehow I am completely lost, I get strange errors, can anybody help¿ Thanks

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• Apache Connection vs. Request

  - by user101570

  I apologize in advance if this is a basic question, but I am quite confused after reading the Apache documentation and other tutorials. Does a single Apache prefork process serve all HTTP requests for a given client? That's what I thought, but when I reduce maxclients down to a low number, my page load times go to a crawl. This despite the fact I'm the only client on the server in question. This would suggest each process serves a single HTTP request at a time, rather than serving all requests within the TimeOut window. So if a single webpage requires 15 HTTP requests to load fully, do I require 15 prefork Apache processes to optimally serve it?

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• What is the purpose of Process class in Java?

  - by Nitesh Panchal

  Runtime objRuntime = Runtime.getRuntime(); String strBackupString = "mysqldump -u " + userName + " -p" + password + " " + dbName; Process objProcess = objRuntime.exec(strBackupString); This is used for backup of database. But what exactly happens? Can anybody make me explain, what is the purpose of Runtime and Process class? Is this class used to act as if we are typing command from command prompt? Then what should i pass to objRuntime.exec() if i want to open notepad? And is the command executed as soon as we call exec method? If yes, then what purpose does Process serve here? I really can't understand these two classes. Please make me understand. Thanks in advance :)

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• How to open http for linux server

  - by wtfcoder

  I am a Windows (IIS) software engineer, but recently I've been thrown into a Linux server admin role until we can find someone to fill the position. I am not ashamed to admit I have no idea what I am doing. Currently the problem I am trying to solve is that the server is only responding to https requests. However, we need it to respond to standard http requests as well. We don't really have anything that needs to stay secure on its way to the requester. I am running redhat linux via bash. If anyone could tell me how to enable http requests I would really appreciate it! Thanks Please make sure your response is fairly step by step as I have minimal command line experience :/

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• Optimize Images Using the ASP.NET Sprite and Image Optimization Framework

  The HTML markup of a web page includes the page's textual content, semantic and styling information, and, typically, several references to external resources. External resources are content that is part of web page, but are separate from the web page's markup - things like images, style sheets, script files, Flash videos, and so on. When a browser requests a web page it starts by downloading its HTML. Next, it scans the downloaded HTML for external resources and starts downloading those. A page with many external resources usually takes longer to completely load than a page with fewer external resources because there is an overhead associated with downloading each external resource. For starters, each external resource requires the browser to make an HTTP request to retrieve the resource. What's more, browsers have a limit as to how many HTTP requests they will make in parallel. For these reasons, a common technique for improving a page's load time is to consolidate external resources in a way to reduce the number of HTTP requests that must be made by the browser to load the page in its entirety. This article examines the free and open-source ASP.NET Sprite and Image Optimization Framework, which is a project developed by Microsoft for improving a web page's load time by consolidating images into a sprite or by using inline, base-64 encoded images. In a nutshell, this framework makes it easy to implement practices that will improve the load time for a web page that displays several images. Read on to learn more! Read More >

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• Drupal CMS most Stable for High Traffic

  - by Aditi

  Drupal users have high satisfaction with Drupal compared to the Joomla users, for a number of reasons. If you are thinking of  choosing a high performance platform to run your high traffic website.. Drupal Installation is your forte! Overload Scenario Drupal is scalable high performance CMS and is stable under heavy load. If your server is pushed beyond its capacity, Drupal shuts off gracefully and doesn’t crash. As soon as the server is back within its traffic capability, Drupal handles all requests smoothly again. For example if your dedicated server can handle a maximum of 50,000 visits a day, and on lucky days when your news created the buzz in social media and your traffic rose to 70,000 on one day, then your server will be overloaded and usually it crashes causing permanent damage to your database at times.. But if you have used Drupal CMS it closes down gracefully an as soon as traffic goes down to within the server’s capacity, the Drupal running site accepts all requests again. Extensibility Drupal users know that their add-ons integrate better with the core, and their framework makes it easier to extend their CMS’s capabilities.. which makes an extended version of it quite stable unlike Joomla, which loses its strength if you have plenty of plugins & heavy customizations running. Any CMS with number of plugins makes the content complex and reduces your ability to handle high traffic requests. Accessibility Management or ACL Chances are if you are high traffic website, you may have various users & content contributors. ACL means group roles that is assigning people out of the various registered user levels and allocating many kinds of privileges. The most common example is the ability to see or edit a section or selected pages. This efficient feature of Drupal makes it a class apart than other CMSs out there.

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• #altnetseattle &ndash; CQRS

  - by GeekAgilistMercenary

  This is a topic I know nothing about, and thus, may be supremely disparate notes.  Have fun translating.  : )   . . .and coolness that the session is well past capacity. Separates things form the UI and everything that needs populated is done through commands.  The domain and reports have separate storage. Events populate these stores of data, such as "sold event". What it looks like, is that the domain controls the requests by event, which would be a product order or something similar. Event sourcing is a key element of the logic. DDD (Domain Driven Design) is part of the core basis for this methodology/structure. The architecture/methodology/structure is perfect for blade style plugin hardware as needed. Good blog entry DDDD: Why I love CQRS and another Command and Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS), more, CQRS à la Greg Young, a bit by Udi Dahan and there are more.  Google, Bing, etc are there for a reason. It appears the core underpinning architectural element of this is the break out of unique identifiable actions, or I suppose better described as events.  Those events then act upon specific pipelines such as read requests, write requests, etc.  I will be doing more research on this topic and will have something written up shortly.  At this time it seems like nothing new, just a large architectural break out of identifiable needs of the entire enterprise system.  The reporting is in one segment of the architecture, the domain is in another, hydration broken out to interfaces, and events are executed to incur events on the Reports, or what appears by the description to be events on the domain. Anyway, more to come on this later.

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• An adequate message authentication code for REST

  - by Andras Zoltan

  My REST service currently uses SCRAM authentication to issue tokens for callers and users. We have the ability to revoke caller privileges and ban IPs, as well as impose quotas to any type of request. One thing that I haven't implemented, however, is MAC for requests. As I've thought about it more, for some requests I think this is needed, because otherwise tokens can be stolen and before we identify this and deactivate the associated caller account, some damage could be done to our user accounts. In many systems the MAC is generated from the body or query string of the request, however this is difficult to implement as I'm using the ASP.Net Web API and don't want to read the body twice. Equally importantly I want to keep it simple for callers to access the service. So what I'm thinking is to have a MAC calculated on: the url, possibly minus query string the verb the request ip (potentially is a barrier on some mobile devices though) utc date and time when the client issues the request. For the last one I would have the client send that string in a request header, of course - and I can use it to decide whether the request is 'fresh' enough. My thinking is that whilst this doesn't prevent message body tampering it does prevent using a model request to use as a template for different requests later on by a malicious third party. I believe only the most aggressive man in the middle attack would be able to subvert this, and I don't think our services offer any information or ability that is valuable enough to warrant that. The services will use SSL as well, for sensitive stuff. And if I do this, then I'll be using HMAC-SHA-256 and issuing private keys for HMAC appropriately. Does this sound enough? Have I missed anything? I don't think I'm a beginner when it comes to security, but when working on it I always. am shrouded in doubt, so I appreciate having this community to call upon!

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• How should I track approval workflow when users at every security level can create a request?

  - by Eric Belair

  I am writing a new application that allows users to enter requests. Once a request is entered, it must follow an approval workflow to be finally approved by a user the highest security level. So, let's say a user at Security Level 1 enters a request. This request must be approved by his superior - a user at Security Level 2. Once the Security Level 2 user approves it, it must be approved by a user at Security Level 3. Once the Security Level 3 user approves it, it is considered fully approved. However, users at any of the three Security Levels can enter requests. So, if a Security Level 3 user enters a request, it is automatically considered "fully approved". And, if a Security Level 2 user enters a request, it must only be approved by a Security Level 3 user. I'm currently storing each approval status in a Database Log Table, like so: STATUS_ID (PK) REQUEST_ID STATUS STATUS_DATE -------------- ------------- ---------------- ----------------------- 1 1 USER_SUBMIT 2012-09-01 00:00:00.000 2 1 APPROVED_LEVEL2 2012-09-01 01:00:00.000 3 1 APPROVED_LEVEL3 2012-09-01 02:00:00.000 4 2 USER_SUBMIT 2012-09-01 02:30:00.000 5 2 APPROVED_LEVEL2 2012-09-01 02:45:00.000 My question is, which is a better design: Record all three statuses for every request ...or... Record only the statuses needed according to the Security Level of the user submitting the request In Case 2, the data might look like this for two requests - one submitted by Security Level 2 User and another submitted by Security Level 3 user: STATUS_ID (PK) REQUEST_ID STATUS STATUS_DATE -------------- ------------- ---------------- ----------------------- 1 3 APPROVED_LEVEL2 2012-09-01 01:00:00.000 2 3 APPROVED_LEVEL3 2012-09-01 02:00:00.000 3 4 APPROVED_LEVEL3 2012-09-01 02:00:00.000

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• How does 301 redirection work across the network? & should I use it if there is a chance we made need to change the resource back to the original URL?

  - by Faust

  I've built a CMS that makes it fairly easy for my client to relocate pages in their site hierarchy. This site has all human-readable and intuitive URLs, so moving a page necessarily means that its URL changes. I am storing records of each resource's past URLs in the data store so that requests for bygone URLs are re-routed to their appropriate successors. I'm warning my clients not to re-arrange the site willy-nilly (for numerous reasons). But nevertheless I suspect there's a chance page moves could get reversed from time to time. So I'm trying to figure out whether 301 or 302 or 307 redirects should be used when serving up pages to requests for out-of-date URLs. I understand the value of using 301 for search engine optimization. But my concern is with this system possibly inadvertently making some pages unavailable to some users QUESTIONS: That is, if the clients move a page at location/URL A to a new location B, then users get the redirect for A to B, and then the clients move the page back to A again, how long can I expect any of those users to keep getting their requests for A redirected to B -- in this case sending them to my friendly 404 page? Is it until an item in their browser history is cleared? Is the redirect somehow cached in routers throughout the internet? How does this work? How long can I expect the 301 redirect to linger out there ?

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• Asynchronous vs Synchronous vs Threading in an iPhone App

  - by Coocoo4Cocoa

  I'm in the design stage for an app which will utilize a REST web service and sort of have a dilemma in as far as using asynchronous vs synchronous vs threading. Here's the scenario. Say you have three options to drill down into, each one having its own REST-based resource. I can either lazily load each one with a synchronous request, but that'll block the UI and prevent the user from hitting a back navigation button while data is retrieved. This case applies almost anywhere except for when your application requires a login screen. I can't see any reason to use synchronous HTTP requests vs asynchronous because of that reason alone. The only time it makes sense is to have a worker thread make your synchronous request, and notify the main thread when the request is done. This will prevent the block. The question then is bench marking your code and seeing which has more overhead, a threaded synchronous request or an asynchronous request. The problem with asynchronous requests is you need to either setup a smart notification or delegate system as you can have multiple requests for multiple resources happening at any given time. The other problem with them is if I have a class, say a singleton which is handling all of my data, I can't use asynchronous requests in a getter method. Meaning the following won't go: - (NSArray *)users { if(users == nil) users = do_async_request // NO GOOD return users; } whereas the following: - (NSArray *)users { if(users == nil) users == do_sync_request // OK. return users; } You also might have priority. What I mean by priority is if you look at Apple's Mail application on the iPhone, you'll notice they first suck down your entire POP/IMAP tree before making a second request to retrieve the first 2 lines (the default) of your message. I suppose my question to you experts is this. When are you using asynchronous, synchronous, threads -- and when are you using either async/sync in a thread? What kind of delegation system do you have setup to know what to do when a async request completes? Are you prioritizing your async requests? There's a gamut of solutions to this all too common problem. It's simple to hack something out. The problem is, I don't want to hack and I want to have something that's simple and easy to maintain.

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• How to make freelance clients understand the costs of developing and maintaining mature products?

  - by John

  I have a freelance web application project where the client requests new features every two weeks or so. I am unable to anticipate the requirements of upcoming features. So when the client requests a new feature, one of several things may happen: I implement the feature with ease because it is compatible with the existing platform I implement the feature with difficulty because I have to rewrite a significant portion of the platform's foundation Client withdraws request because it costs too much to implement against existing platform At the beginning of the project, for about six months, all feature requests fell under category 1) because the system was small and agile. But for the past six months, most feature implementation fell under category 2). The system is mature, forcing me to refactor and test everytime I want to add new modules. Additionally, I find myself breaking things that use to work, and fixing it (I don't get paid for this). The client is starting to express frustration at the time and cost for me to implement new features. To them, many of the feature requests are of the same scale as the features they requested six months ago. For example, a client would ask, "If it took you 1 week to build a ticketing system last year, why does it take you 1 month to build an event registration system today? An event registration system is much simpler than a ticketing system. It should only take you 1 week!" Because of this scenario, I fear feature requests will soon land in category 3). In fact, I'm already eating a lot of the cost myself because I volunteer many hours to support the project. The client is often shocked when I tell him honestly the time it takes to do something. The client always compares my estimates against the early months of a project. I don't think they're prepared for what it really costs to develop, maintain and support a mature web application. When working on a salary for a full time company, managers were more receptive of my estimates and even encouraged me to pad my numbers to prepare for the unexpected. Is there a way to condition my clients to think the same way? Can anyone offer advice on how I can continue to work on this web project without eating too much of the cost myself? Additional info - I've only been freelancing full time for 1 year. I don't yet have the high end clients, but I'm slowly getting there. I'm getting better quality clients as time goes by.

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• Problems after upgrading my ubuntu to Ubuntu 14.04 lts

  - by Petra

  I have problems after upgrading my older Ubuntu version to Ubuntu 14.04 lts. I was offered this installation and after the procss and restarting of the computer there is just a black page with following message: mount: mounting /dev/loop0 on /root failed: Invalid argument mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory mount: mounting /proc on /root/proc failed: No such file or directory Target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg. BusyBox v1.21.1 (Ubuntu 1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs) _ The Windows which is installed on my laptop works normally. Thannk you very much for any answer.

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