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  • Some doubts about the use of usermod and groupmod command

    - by AndreaNobili
    I am not yet a true "Linux guy" and I have the following doubts about how exactly do the following shell procedure (a list of commands steps) founded in a tutorial that I am following (I want deeply understand what I am doing before do it): sudo passwd root then login again as root usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner groupmod -n miner pi exit So at the beginning it enable the root account and I have to login again in the system as root...this is perfectly clear for me. And now I have the followings doubts: 1) The usermod command: usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner Reading the official documentation of the usermod command I understand that this command modify the informations related to an existing account Reading the documentation it seems to me that the -l parmether modify the name of the user pi in miner and then the -m -d paramether move the contents of the old home directory to the new one (named miner) and use this new directory as home directory My doubt is: what exactly do the executions of these operation? I think that: Rename the existing pi user in miner Then move the content of the old home directory (the pi home directory? or what?) into a new directory (/home/miner) that now is the home directory for the miner user. Is it right? The the second doubt is related to this command groupmod -n miner pi It seems to me that change the group name from pi in miner But what exactly is a group in Linux and why is it used? Tnx

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  • I/O redirection using cygwin and mingw

    - by KLee1
    I have written a program in C and have compiled it using MinGW. When I try to run that program in Cygwin, it seems to behave normally (i.e. prints correct output etc.) However, I'm trying to pipe output to a program so that I can parse information from the program's output. However, the piping does not seem to be working in that I am not getting any input into the second program. I have confirmed this by using the following commands: This command seems to work fine: ./prog Performing this command returns nothing: ./prog | cat This command verifies the first: ./prog | wc Which returns: 0 0 0 I know that the script (including the piping from the program) works perfectly fine in an all Linux environment. Does anyone have any idea for why the piping isn't working in Cygwin? Thanks!

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  • dhcp code for pxe server

    - by avoq
    I'm trying to understand every single line of the following script but to no avail. I'd be glad if someone could help me. For sure I know its purpose is to start the DHCP server as well as the TFTP...But I'm stuck: killall dnsmasq 2>/dev/null dnsmasq --enable-tftp --tftp-root=$PXEDATA/boot --dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,"$IP",$IP --dhcp-range=$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).50,$(echo $IP | cut -d. -f1-3).250, infinite --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.0.254 --log-dhcp Why killall, why dnsmasq 2 What does "2" stand for? "--" what does it mean? Thanks a lot.

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  • Encoding with FFmpeg using a FIFO

    - by Ashot Martirosyan
    Hello everyone. I'm trying to convert Flac audio file to AAC file using command line. So I wrote this ffmpeg -i input.flac temp.wav faac -q 120 -o output.m4a temp.wav It's working fine. Now I want to do the same using fifo, so I'm writing this mkfifo temp.wav ffmpeg -i input.flac temp.wav & faac -q 120 -o output.m4a temp.wav And it's freezing. So could you tall me what I'm doing wrong. Thanks a lot, and sorry for my English.

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  • can i use an ip-list include file for iptable blacklisting

    - by rubo77
    I would like to block all countries except mine in iptables, that is a lits with about 100.000 Entries. how can i define this blacklistfile in a script, so iptables blocks all those ip-ranges? maybe i can use http://www.ipdeny.com/ipblocks/data/countries/ that provides lists in the form 117.55.192.0/20 117.104.224.0/21 119.59.80.0/21 121.100.48.0/21 ... i want to be able to change the blacklistfile easily without having to change the iptables-script

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  • How can I include a line until # but without the # when parsing 'sources.list' with regex?

    - by stwissel
    I want to parse my sources.list to extract the list of repositories. I have: ## Some comment deb http://some.vendor.com/ubuntu precise stable deb-src http://some.vendor.com/ubuntu precise stable deb http://some.othervendor.com/ubuntu precise experimental # my current favorite I want: http://some.vendor.com/ubuntu precise stable http://some.othervendor.com/ubuntu precise experimental So I need: only lines with deb at the beginning and until the end of the line or a # character but excluding it. So far I have: grep -o "^deb .*" But how to match # or LineEnd and excluding the #?

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  • How to run scripts within a telnet session?

    - by wenzi
    I want to connect to a remote host using telnet there is no username/password verification just telnet remotehost then I need to input some commands for initialization and then I need to repeat the following commands: cmd argument argument is read from a local file, in this file there are many lines, each line is a argument and after runing one "cmd argument", the remote host will output some results it may output a line with string "OK" or output many lines, one of which is with string "ERROR" and I need to do something according to the results. basically, the script is like: initialization_cmd #some initial comands while read line do cmd $line #here the remote host will output results, how can I put the results into a variable? # here I want to judge the results, like if $results contain "OK";then echo $line >>good_result_log else echo $line >> bad_result_log fi done < local_file the good_result_log and bad_result_log are local files is it possible or not? thanks! NOTE: I can't control B, I can only run initial cmds and cmd $line on B

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  • How can I get the mount path of a USB device on OSX?

    - by xastor
    I have a backup script that backs up some data to a USB device. The problem I have is that OSX sometimes changes the expected mount path. For example if some file is locked under the expected mount path, OSX mounts it on another path. A USB device named 'BACKUP' can be mounted at /Volumes/BACKUP-1 instead of /Volumes/BACKUP. Is there a way to finding out the current mount path of a USB device in the OSX Terminal? Something like 'mount_path BACKUP' (command is fake) which would then return '/Volumes/BACKUP-1' or nothing if the device was not mounted?

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  • How do I rsync an entire folder based on the existence of a specific file type in that folder

    - by inquam
    I have a server set up that receives movies to a folder. I then serve these movies using DLNA. But in the initial folder where they end up all kind of files end up. Pictures, music, documents etc. I thought I'd fix this by running the following script inside that folder rsync -rvt --include='*/' --include='*.avi' --include='*.mkv' --exclude='*' . ../Movies/ This works and scans the given folder and moves all the found movies of the given extension types to the Movies folder. But I wonder if there is anyway to tell rsync to if a folder if found that includes a movie of the given extension types, sync the entire folder. Including other files such as .srt. This is to make it easier for me to get subtitles moved along with the movie. I have a solution figured out via a script made in php (yea, I actually do most of my scripting in linux using php... just a habbit that stuck a long time ago). But if rsync can handle it from the start that would be super. Also, I have noticed that this line of rsync actually copies all the root folders in the given folder. If no movie is in the folder it will create an empty folder. How do I prevent rsync from doing this... and saving me the trouble of deleting all folder in Movies that are empty.

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  • Is there any reason this cronjob would fail in cron, but not on the command line?

    - by Treffynnon
    I have written a little one liner that will email me when a list of files changes - I used sha512 to generate a list of hashes and then periodically check that those hashes still match. */5 * * * * /usr/bin/sha512sum --status -c /sha512.sumlist && echo "Success" > /dev/null || echo "Check robots.txt and index.html in /var/www as staging sites are now potentially exposed to the world and the damned googlebot" | /usr/bin/mail -s "Default staging server files have changed" [email protected] It works fine on the command line with: /usr/bin/sha512sum --status -c /sha512.sumlist && echo "Success" > /dev/null || echo "Check robots.txt and index.html in /var/www as staging sites are now potentially exposed to the world and the damned googlebot" | /usr/bin/mail -s "Default staging server files have changed" [email protected] As soon as I run it as a cronjob though it emails every time it runs with the failure message instead of only when the sha512sum check should fail. Is there something silly I have missed in a rush? I forgot to mention that I am running an Ubuntu machine.

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  • How can I automate or script daily downloads for any new anti- virus databases, and then have the program scan my drive?

    - by Macgrimm
    Howdy all Super Users" I humbly ask if any Super User can direct this long time, gray haired Apple Tech in the right direction on this issue. I believe there probably are many ways to skin this cat. But I am looking to find simply the best, most unattended way to get it done. Any help will be greatly appreciated. also (I know there are much better softwares out there for the Mac so please don't go there! The politics of this company dictate which Anti virus we have to use) anyway without any further wait: basically I am trying to automate 2 very important functions of Mc'Afee anti-virus for Mac. First I want to automate the process of retrieving new virus definition files, and second I want to automate the process of scanning for viruses. It turns out that Using Mc'Afee Anti-Virus for the Mac are both manual functions. And they left up to the user (per user account) to perform. Depending on all of about 150 MAc users to perform these 2 tasks themselves is around 65% compliance. My question then is: If I wanted to use the command line such as (open /Applications/McAfee\ Security.app) It will open up the Security Console. But how can I make command Mc'Afee go out and grab the definition files and scan the computer? I have to admit I am at a crossroad and Macaltimers has set in. I would really appreciate it if any of you "Super ~ Users" can help me out with this MacAltimers loss of how to what to do. Thanks to All up Front Macgrimm

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  • How to rename multiple files by replacing word in file name geting from the shell script variables?

    - by fy6877
    This question like this thread. How to rename multiple files by replacing word in file name? My example is more complex than the above topic. The two variables are $name and $ newname getting from the shell script other location. $name and $ newname may have the unicode words or special symbles like []<?...etc,so could anyone help me to provide a method to add a part of script in shell scrit to solve file name replacing question. BTW,I try to type two kind of commands to change the part of file name, but it can't work. rename.ul '$name' '$newname' /home/fy6877/test/final/* ls /home/fy6877/test/final/|xargs -I$ rename.ul '$name' '$newname' $

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  • How to configure in crontab with condition statement for checks

    - by chz
    We like to monitor the NAS storage mounted on a linux box. We only like to be notified via mail when the usage exceeds a certain number say 80. We have only seen in linux books where most of them are calling shell scripts at certain times. How do we write inside crontab to only mail us if it exceeds 80 ? Usual eg 2 2 * * * /home/someUser/script.sh 2&1 | mail [email protected] Looking for solution like below 2 2 * * * if [ someNumber "80" ] ; then /home/someUser/script.sh | mail [email protected] Sincerely

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  • Compare Error logs across service fleet, find unique errors

    - by neuroelectronic
    I'm looking for a tool where I can list the servers to check, the location of the file and it would return a list of the most common errors across those servers (say like 2 or 3 servers for report brevity) and get a report something like this Server.A Server.B Server.C -------- -------- -------- 42 error.X 39 error.X 61 error.X 21 error.Y 7 error.Y 5 error.A 17 error.B 6 error.A 4 error.Y 4 error.A 2 error.R 3 error.S 3 error.R 1 error.S 1 error.R Of course, excluding timestamps and other error details and just grepping out the common sub-strings and listing them like so. I'd be able to look at the table and see that error.B is unique to Server.A and conclude that there is something up with Server.A. Does something like this already exist? Is this something I'll have to code myself? I'm not necessarily looking for this specific report, just the functionality to find unique errors across a set of error logs.

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  • How to get the PID of a process started by /bin/su -c

    - by crash3k
    I'm writing a init.d-script for an java-app. But the java-app should be run by another user. (The OS I'm using is Debian Squeeze.) I already got this: /bin/su - $USER - c "cd $PATH;echo $PASSWORD | $JAVA -Xmx256m -jar $PATH/app.jar -d > /dev/null" & PID=$! /bin/su - $USER - c "echo $PID > $PIDFILE" But this will of course only save the pid of the "/bin/su"-process instead of the pid of the created java-process.

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  • Running 'dd' command at startup?

    - by Usman Ajmal
    Hi, I have set a script to run at Linux startup. The script contains a following line of code dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sda5 ?> result.txt Now, when my Linux Desktop appear, result.txt contain dd: opening '/dev/sda2': Permission denied If I prefix the dd command with sudo as: sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sda5 ?> result.txt the result.txt contains sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified Is there a way I can get around this problem? What I want is to copy 2nd parititon to 5th when a user logs in no matter if he is root, admin, Desktop or an unprivileged user. Thanks a lot as always.

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  • How can I tell what command is running on the remote end of an ssh connection?

    - by user268385
    Tl;dr - how do I find the name of the command (eg $BASH_COMMAND) running on the remote end of an ssh connection? ... My example setup is two tmux vertical panes, LH pane runs a local vim session with vertical split, RH pane runs an ssh session running vim, again with a vertical split. Using tmux-navigator I can navigate from left to right over the first 3 vim buffers, but the 4th (far right hand one) is inaccessible. The reason for this is that tmux-navigator tests the value of 'pane_current_command' and compares it to 'vim' before deciding which keystrokes to dispatch. On the right hand tmux pane, the current command is 'ssh' and not 'vim'. What I want to do is test for (pane_current_command =~ 'ssh'), and if so, examine the command that is running on the far side of the connection? I cannot find a way to get hold of this, so any suggestions would be welcome? For information, the problem is almost the same as this one, but without the nested tmux sessions: https://github.com/christoomey/vim-tmux-navigator/issues/12

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  • Sending mail from command line if body not empty

    - by cdecker
    I'd like to write a simple script that alerts me if a log changes. For this I'm using grep to find the lines I'm interested in. Right now it works like this: grep line /var/log/file | mail -s Log [email protected] Problem is that this sends a mail even if no matching lines are found. The mail utility from mailutils seems to have no switch telling it to drop mails that have an empty body. Is there a quick and easy way to do so?

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  • Is there a "pattern" or a group that defines *rc files in *nix environments?

    - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS
    I'm starting to use command line a little more, and I see there are a lot of ways to configure some config files in my $HOME. This is good, since you can customize it the way you really like. Unfortunately, for begginners, having too many options is a little confusing. For example, I created .bash_alias for some alias I'm using. I didn't even know this option existed, I'm used to simply edit .bashrc. Do exist a pattern, a "good practice", envisioning flexibility and modularity in terms of rc files structure? Do exist a standardization group for this, or every body just creates it's own configuration setup?

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  • Backup all plesk MySQL Databases to individual files

    - by Michael
    Hy, Because I'm new to shell scripting I need a hand. I currently backup all mydatabases to a single file, thing that makes the restore preaty hard. The second problem that my MySQL password dosen't work because of a Plesk bug and i get the password from "/etc/psa/.psa.shadow". Here is the code that I use to backup all my databases to a single file. mysqldump -uadmin -p`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` --all-databases | bzip2 -c > /root/21.10.2013.sql.bz2 I found some scripts on the web that backup each database to individual files but I don't know how to make them work for my situation. Here is a example script: for db in $(mysql -e 'show databases' -s --skip-column-names); do mysqldump $db | gzip > "/backups/mysqldump-$(hostname)-$db-$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H.%M.%S).gz"; done Can someone help me make the script above work for my situation? Requirements: Backup each database to individual file using plesk password location.

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  • Moving a file using PuTTY

    - by Paul Trotter
    I am newbie struggling to move a file on a Linux VPS using PuTTY. I can log in with a user in PuTTY at this point I can navigate to see the file I wish to move (~/servers/apache-solr-3.6.2/example/webapps/solr.war). By using cd .. a couple of times from the directory I begin at when I first log in to PuTTY I can then navigate to the location I wish to move the file to: usr/local/jakarta/apache-tomcat-5.5.36/webapps/ I know that I need to use cp to copy the file and have tried variations on: cp ~/servers/apache-solr-3.6.2/example/webapps/solr.war usr/local/jakarta/apache-tomcat-5.5.36/webapps However each time I get 'No such file or directory' I have tried excluding the ~/ and the start and I have tried specifying solr.war at the end of the command. Please excuse the newbie question, but I would really appreciate some advice on what I am doing wrong here.

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  • Find directories that do not contain a directory?

    - by erikcw
    I'm trying to figure out how to use the linux "find" command (or another command that will get the job done) to return a list of file paths/directories that do not contain a directory of a certain name. ~/web/domain1.com/public_html/bar ~/web/domain2.com/public_html/ ~/web/domain3.com/public_html/bar ~/web/domain4.com/public_html/ I want all of the paths that don't contain the directory named "bar" (domain2.com and domain4.com). Any idea how I can get find to output such a list? Thanks!

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  • Enter response once prompt returns?

    - by mjb
    It's neither a secure idea nor one I'd recommend elsewhere, but I have a situation when occasionally it takes a while for my Ansible ad-hoc command to respond. I'd love to pipe or args or whatever is needed to push the required text into the prompt so I can walk away and know it will finish. Ex: $ ansible all -m shell -a "reboot" --ask-pass Password: blah blah blah it worked I'd love to send an argument or << or something to get the password in. Is that possible?

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