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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Compress, enctypt and upload a directory to an FTP server in Linux

  - by Kristoffer L

  I want to acomplish something rather simple (at least it would seem to be): Compress a directory Encrypt the compressed file Upload the compressed & encrypted file via FTP I also want to acomplish this in an automated fashion on Linux server. TrueCrypt is not really an option as it seems it can't complress a single file, instead you have to make a volume that you mount and move the files into. This question answers how to do the the upload and I know how to compress a directory. It is just the encryption that's giving me problems.

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• Creating a filesystem on a file in linux for software development purposes

  - by David

  This question originally start at Superuser.com http://superuser.com/questions/130032/available-filesystems-for-linux-that-are-case-insensitive Summary: My client has a PHP web application that was written and is served from a Windows environments. Unfortunately the past developer didn't obey naming conventions so file includes are of the form "/file/At/SomethingHere.php" when on disk the path is actually "/File/at/Somethinghere.php". I do not want to use Windows for development but the filesystems I use (ext2, ext3 ) are case sensitive. I think the solution will be to create a filesystem like FAT 32 or similar, but I am somewhat clueless how to accomplish that. Starting to read up on DD and fdisk to figure out if those are the correct tools I will need.

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• Boot linux off hard drive and then switch to run from usb flash disk

  - by Jesse

  I have an older laptop that I want to use as a simple media server on my home network. I would like to avoid using the internal hard drive except for booting (BIOS does NOT support booting from USB). My thought was to mirror the hard drive (currently has current install of Arch Linux) onto the flash drive and then after booting switch over to run everything from the flash drive. I read the following article about using a RAM disk (HOW-TO: Boot OS into RAM for speed and silence) but ran into problem because the USB subsystem does not seem to be initialized soon enough (I create root and home paritions on the flash disk and modified fstab to pick those - didn't work). Any thoughts?

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• Video from vhs via USB capture device on Linux

  - by Juanlu001

  I want to transfer video from a VHS tape to my computer with Arch Linux, using a USB capture device that comes with Roxio Easy VHS to DVD, which I recently bought. I tried to plug in the device, and it was properly recognized. From /var/log/messages.log, em28xx #0: Identified as Pinnacle Dazzle DVC 90/100/101/107 / Kaiser Baas Video to DVD maker / Kworld DVD Maker 2 (card=9) saa7115 3-0025: saa7113 found (1f7113d0e100000) @ 0x4a (em28xx #0) em28xx #0: Config register raw data: 0x50 em28xx #0: AC97 vendor ID = 0xffffffff em28xx #0: AC97 features = 0x6a90 em28xx #0: Empia 202 AC97 audio processor detected em28xx #0: v4l2 driver version 0.1.2 em28xx #0: V4L2 video device registered as video1 em28xx #0: V4L2 VBI device registered as vbi0 Is there any software that enables me to capture video coming from this device? I don't mind if it is console or GUI based.

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• Mouse button and keypress counter for Linux?

  - by rakete

  I would like to have some kind of statistic of my daily mouse/keyboard usage to help me make my keyboard layout a little bit more efficient. There is already an question about how to do this on windows, but I would like to know I anyone is aware if this is possible under linux. Another thing I already found is key-mon, a little program for screencasts that displays your mouse and keyboard presses on the screen, which would help me achieve what I want with a little bit of python coding by myself. But still, if there was an solution already, that would be easier of course. PS: obfuscated link to key-mon because of spam prevention: hxxp://code.google.com/p/key-mon/

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• Resize Ubuntu Linux system to smaller disk inside VMware ESXi

  - by mlambie

  I have several Ubuntu Linux virtual machines running on VMware ESXi hosts that have all been allocated disks much larger than their required capacity. As space is now becoming an issue on our SAN, I'd like to investigate downsizing the allocated disk space on these machines. All systems will be completely backed up imaged before I begin making changes, and I will always retain a pristine backup in case the partition resizing does not work. Is there an easier way than the following procedure, or is their a better solution entirely? Shutdown and assign a second disk to the virtual machine Boot using the SystemRescueCD Use GParted to resize the original (source) partition, making it smaller Clone the new, smaller partition to the second disk Shutdown and remove initial disk from the virtual machine Reboot and force fsck to check the filesystem

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• Duplicate pseudo terminals in linux

  - by bobtheowl2

  On a redhat box [ Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 3) ] Frequently we notice two people being assigned to the same pseudo terminal. For example: $who am i user1 pts/4 Dec 29 08:38 (localhost:13.0) user2 pts/4 Dec 29 09:43 (199.xxx.xxx.xxx) $who -m user1 pts/4 Dec 29 08:38 (localhost:13.0) user2 pts/4 Dec 29 09:43 (199.xxx.xxx.xxx) $whoami user2 This causes problems in a script because "who am i" returns two rows. I know there are differences between the two commands, and obviously we can change the script to fix the problem. But it still bothers me that two users are being returned with the same terminal. We suspect it may be related to dead sessions. Can anyone explain why two (non-unique) pts number are being assigned and/or how that can be prevented in the future?

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• Linux Development System Layout.Configuration

  - by tom smith

  Hi. Looking to create a linux based development/test system. I'm the only one using it. Will be using a variant of rhel/centos/fedora, with a 640G drive, and an external 250G as a kind of backup. Looking for thoughts/comments on the layout/config of the drive for the install/creation process. My primary goal is to be able to "backup"/restore the work product so i'd like OS to be separate from everything else. Thoughts/commnents/ponters appreciated. Thanks

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• linux build iso error

  - by Neil

  i played with linux customization and when i want to build the iso back i get this error: $ mkisofs -r -o rhel.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat ./ INFO: UTF-8 character encoding detected by locale settings. Assuming UTF-8 encoded filenames on source filesystem, use -input-charset to override. Unknown file type (unallocated) ./.. - ignoring and continuing. Using RELEA000.HTM;1 for /RELEASE-NOTES-pt_BR.html (RELEASE-NOTES-U1-pt_BR.html) Size of boot image is 20 sectors -> mkisofs: Error - boot image './isolinux/isolinux.bin' has not an allowable size. i didnt change the isolinux.bin why i ahve this error?

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• Color Management, Linux, Photoshop C2 via Wine

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I am new to Color Management CMS, so doing it on Linux, and then throw Wine into the mix ... and I am a little lost. However, I have Photoshop CS2 running okay with Crossover Professional on Ubuntu 9.10. I have a Canon 450D (Rebel XSI) and I imagine I will be able to find a profile for my printer. I ordered a Huey Calibrator (yet to come). I guess I will run into problems with Nvidia Twinview, but one calibrated monitor is good enough for now. Am I going to be able to get color management from Camera -- Monitor -- Print? Most specifically, when I get the Monitor profile loaded with something like xcalib, will Photoshop CS2 run through wine (crossover Pro) understand that? Will I need to select specific things / profiles in photoshop under the edit::Color Settings menu? I found several pages on http://jcornuz.wordpress.com/ helpful, but am wondering about the Wine issue, and anything else anyone can do to help.

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• Toolkit & Habits for Linux Network & System Administration [closed]

  - by slashmais

  I am tasked with the administration of a small office network as well as several workstations running mostly Debian and Ubuntu. There are two servers: one database & print-server, and one backup & file server. Being relatively new to this side of things, knowing enough to help myself to some degree on Linux, I would like to know what software tools and tasks/habits I can use/acquire to learn this field and be effective while doings so. I don't need to know what is the best, just what a newbie sys-admin can use as a starter-pack to learn and use as a base to grow into proper system administration. [edit] What I need is those few basic tools to start with, and the kind of things I need to do regularly, e.g.: which logs to check, when & what to monitor, the kind of 'right' place to start and to which I can ad as I need.

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• A keyboard shortcut from a sequence of keystrokes for Linux

  - by Little Bobby Tables

  I am looking for a way to define an Emacs-style keys sequence as a keyboard shortcut in Linux - Specifically, in Gnome, but more general solutions are also acceptable. For example, I would like a sequence like "Alt-w t" (that is, first press Alt-w and then t) to open a terminal, "Alt-w c" to close a window, and so on. The rationale behind this question is twofold: Make more use of desktop-wide keyboard shortcuts Make an old keyboard, that has no Win key, usable with desktop-wide keyboard shortcuts, without causing too many collisions with application - Specifically with Emacs. Thanks!

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• Compress, encrypt and upload a directory to an FTP server in Linux

  - by Kristoffer L

  I want to accomplish something rather simple (at least it would seem to be): Compress a directory Encrypt the compressed file Upload the compressed & encrypted file via FTP I also want to accomplish this in an automated fashion on Linux server. TrueCrypt is not really an option in this case as it seems it can't compress a single file. Instead you have to make a volume that you mount and move the files into. This question answers how to do the the upload and I know how to compress a directory. It is just the encryption that's giving me problems.

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• Backup a linux webserver to windows

  - by shaiss

  I have our websites hosted at a thrid party webserver. I have all the admin access needed. I have a local Win2K3 machine that's using retrospect to backup all the networked machines and server, navicat to backup the mysql dbs locally and on the remote linux webserver. So the only part that remains is incremental backups of the files on the webserver. Anyone have any suggestions on how to do this? rSync with deltacopy? Any others?

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• Can't make updates with LDAP from Linux box to Windows AD

  - by amburnside

  I have a webapp (built using Zend Framework - PHP) that runs on a Linux environment which needs to authenticate against Active Directory on a Windows server. So far my webapp can authenticate with LDAPS, but cannot perform any kind of write operation (add/update/delete). It can only read. I have configured my server as follows: I have exported the CA Certificate from my Windows AD server to /etc/opendldap/certs I have created a pem file based on this certificate using openssl I have update /etc/openldap/ldap.conf so that it knows where to look for the pem certificate: TLS_CACERT /etc/openldap/certs/xyz.internal.pem When I run my script, I get the following error: 0x35 (Server is unwilling to perform; 0000209A: SvcErr: DSID-031A1021, problem 5003 (WILL_NOT_PERFORM), data 0 ): Have I missed something with my configuration, which is causing the server to reject making updates to AD?

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• vnc connection from linux to windows ce

  - by JosiP

  Im having troubles while im trying to connect from linux to Windows CE, via VNC viewer. Here is what i can see on log: /usr/bin/vncviewer 10.1.1.57 VNC Viewer Free Edition 4.1.2 for X - built Apr 20 2011 12:04:25 Copyright (C) 2002-2005 RealVNC Ltd. See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC. Tue Jul 2 12:15:04 2013 CConn: connected to host 10.1.1.57 port 5900 CConnection: Server supports RFB protocol version 3.5 CConnection: Using RFB protocol version 3.3 TXImage: Using default colormap and visual, TrueColor, depth 24. CConn: Using pixel format depth 6 (8bpp) rgb222 CConn: Using ZRLE encoding I cannot see anything - only black screen. Restarting device does not help. Device is connected directly to machine by crossed ethernet cable, and its IP is assigned by DHCP. Any clues, ideas, what can i do to get normal view ? best regards J.

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• installing linux on a mac

  - by Ahmet vardar

  Hi, i have mac pro and i wanted to install debian on it but i guess i have problem now. i have windows 7 installed on bootcamp partition, before i started installing linux, i created a partition size of 75 gb then i restarted mac and boot it from debian dvd. then i divided that 75 gb to 2 partitions, one is 600 mb freespace other is ext3 formatted. i installed debian (but it just used 1 dvd even though i got 5 dvd downloaded) then mac restarted. but now i cannot even see windows on bootlist. it just let me boot in mac os x now. how can i fix this? thanks

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• Linux software raid robustness for raid1 vs other raid levels

  - by Waxhead

  I have a raid5 running and now also a raid1 that I set up yesterday. Since raid5 calculates parity it should be able to catch silent data corruption on one disk. However for raid1 the disks are just mirrors. The more I think about it I figure that raid1 is actually quite risky. Sure it will save me from a disk failure but i might not be as good when it comes to protecting the data on disk (who is actually more important for me). How does Linux software raid actually store raid1 type data on disk? How does it know what spindle is giving corrupt data (if the disk(subsystem) is not reporting any errors) If raid1 really is not giving me data protection but rather disk protection is there some tricks I can do with mdadm to create a two disk "raid5 like" setup? e.g. loose capacity but still keep redundancy also for data!?

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• Determine logged on user on Windows computer from Linux

  - by Justin

  How can I determine who is logged on to a remote Windows XP computer from Linux? I do not have administrator access on the domain or on the remote computer. I can do it from a separate Windows computer using PsLoggedOn -L \\computer from PsTools I've tried using nmblookup -A remotecomputer, but I only see entries for the computer and the domain, not a <03> entry for the user. I've also tried running PsLoggedOn under wine; I get an error: Connecting to Registry of \\computer.company.com... fixme:reg:RegConnectRegistryW Connect to L"computer.company.com" is not supported. I started looking into winexe, but it looks like I would need administrative rights on the remote computer to get it working.

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• Linking to lua libraries w/ codeblocks on linux

  - by person

  After I downloaded the source for lua, I followed the install instructions, doing... make linux install make generic install I've also done the make test and it passes, printing out Hello World, from Lua 5.1. However, I can't link to the lua libraries in CodeBlocks. I know where lualib.a is (usr/local/lib) which I set in my Search Directories for the linker. I still get error messages like... undefined reference to lua_isstring Am I missing something critical here? P.S. I had this running on Windows via Visual Studio.

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• Linux stretch cluster: MD replication, DRBD or Veritas?

  - by PieterB

  For the moment there's a lot of choices for setting up a Linux cluster. For cluster manager: you can use Red Hat Cluster manager, Pacemaker or Veritas Cluster Server. The first one has the most momentum, the second one comes by default with RH subscriptions and the last one is very expensive and has a very good reputation ;-) For storage: - You can replicate LUN's using software raid / md device - You can use the network using DRBD replication, which offers a bit more flexibility - You can use Veritas Storage Foundation technology to talk to your SANs replication technology. Anyone has any recommandations or experience with these technologies?

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• After logging out of SSH, screen sessions disappear on Arch Linux

  - by Ivan

  On Arch Linux (I'm on a single dedicated server, where my domain name points to only one IP), when I SSH into a user (say, for example, user mc), and then do screen -S test (or -dmS, the resulting issue is the same), run a command, and then detach from it, then exit out of my SSH session, and log back in, the screen session disappears. screen -ls returns No Sockets found in /run/screens/S-mc. The only way I can reattach to my sessions is if I never logged out of my SSH. How do I fix this? I do have read/write access in /run/screens/S-mc I detach from screen sessions with Ctrl-A,D disown -a && exit gives me the same problem shopt huponexit returns "huponexit off" There is no ~/.logout, and ~/.bash_logout is empty, with 3 lines of comments, telling me it's the ~/.bash_logout file ls -l /usr/bin | grep screen returns lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Oct 31 2012 screen -> screen-4.0.3 -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 363672 Oct 31 2012 screen-4.0.3

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• How to document linux server configuration?

  - by Margaret Thorpe

  Hi, I have about 20 linux servers which I need to document the configuration of. I do not mean the detailed configuration of services, but rather user accounts, databases, databases accounts, ip addresses, physical location, SSH port etc. etc. I know all this data is stored in config files, but I want to centralize it all. I am considering just creating a spreadsheet to record this data, but was wondering if there is something better (perhaps a small php/mysql app) which would be more structured and complete than a hacked together spreadsheet. What do you use?

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