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• Configure USB GSM Modem

  - by adisembiring

  I want to configure EVDO Usb Modem in Ubuntu 10.10 I insert my usb modem to laptop and check the usb is detected or not using $sudo lsusb and the result is: Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 14cd:6600 Super Top USB 2.0 IDE DEVICE Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 is my us device. and than I execute command $dmesg | grep -e tty [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 818.054660] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 818.055125] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 818.055647] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 818.330641] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 818.330743] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 818.330840] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 [ 1054.917473] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 1054.917995] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 1054.918481] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 1055.214087] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 1055.214221] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 1055.214356] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 Why converter disconnected from ttyUSB2 ? and than I try to execute command $sudo wvdialconf sorry, no modem was detected! Is it in use by another program ? did you configure it properly with setserials ? I change the same type usb modem from my friend, but I still get error above.

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• Trying to use HUAWEI E173 on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Scott Warren

  I have a HUAWEI E173 usb stick to access the internet. It works normally on windows but I need to use it on my Ubuntu system. I plug it in, and after 25-20 seconds the status light turns green and blinks twice every 3 seconds. I see no changes in my system whatsoever, nothing gets installed, I don't get prompted for my PIN. I tried to create a connection using edit connections. I entered the following parameters: Turkey, Turkcell, My Plan is not listed, Internet. Nothing happens. I tried the lsusb command and got the following: tosh2000@tosh:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 058f:a001 Alcor Micro Corp. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 12d1:14ba Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. I tried the usb-devices command and can see the device: T: Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=01 Dev#= 4 Spd=480 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=12d1 ProdID=14ba Rev=00.00 S: Manufacturer=HUAWEI Technology S: Product=HUAWEI Mobile C: #Ifs= 2 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=500mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage Based on other advice I found, I tried the following command: sudo modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x14ba Again, nothing happened. My question is why does the "enable mobile broadband" not populate automatically in the dropdown networking menu and how can I can I start using the device? Thank you.

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• Configure EVDO USB Modem in Ubuntu 10.10

  - by adisembiring

  I want to configure EVDO Usb Modem in Ubuntu 10.10 I insert my usb modem to laptop and check the usb is detected or not using $sudo lsusb and the result is: Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 14cd:6600 Super Top USB 2.0 IDE DEVICE Bus 002 Device 002: ID 201e:2009 is my us device. and than I execute command $dmesg | grep -e tty [ 0.000000] console [tty0] enabled [ 818.054660] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 818.055125] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 818.055647] usb 2-1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 818.330641] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 818.330743] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 818.330840] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 [ 1054.917473] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 [ 1054.917995] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 [ 1054.918481] usb 2-1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2 [ 1055.214087] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0 [ 1055.214221] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1 [ 1055.214356] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2 Why converter disconnected from ttyUSB2 ? and than I try to execute command $sudo wvdialconf sorry, no modem was detected! Is it in use by another program ? did you configure it properly with setserials ? I change the same type usb modem from my friend, but I still get error above.

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• What is "Open" anyway?

  - by EmbeddedInsider

  This terms is often used with many meanings.  For example, some people consider Flash 'open' and 'multi-platform' .  But Flash is a product of Adobe systems, locked down, copy protected and distribution restricted.  And versions for other than standard PC, home use, may carry licence fees. Check it out: 3.1 Adobe Runtime Restrictions. You will not use any Adobe Runtime on any non-PC device or with any embedded or device version of any operating system. For the avoidance of doubt, and by example only, you may not use an Adobe Runtime on any (a) mobile device, set top box (STB), handheld, phone, web pad, tablet and Tablet PC (other than with Windows XP Tablet PC Edition and its successors), game console, TV, DVD player, media center (other than with Windows XP Media Center Edition and its successors), electronic billboard or other digital signage, Internet appliance or other Internet-connected device, PDA, medical device, ATM, telematic device, gaming machine, home automation system, kiosk, remote control device, or any other consumer electronics device, (b) operator-based mobile, cable, satellite, or television system or (c) other closed system device. For information on licensing Adobe Runtimes for use on such systems please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/licensing. You will notice, for its embedded operating systems, Microsoft buys and includes a fully paid license for Adobe.   Do you get this with Linux?  Unix?  QNX? So, what is 'open'? Lawrence Ricci www.EmbeddedInsider.com

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• Organizations &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 7

  - by MarkPearl

  Learning Outcomes Name different device categories Discuss the functions and structure of I/.O modules Describe the principles of Programmed I/O Describe the principles of Interrupt-driven I/O Describe the principles of DMA Discuss the evolution characteristic of I/O channels Describe different types of I/O interface Explain the principles of point-to-point and multipoint configurations Discuss the way in which a FireWire serial bus functions Discuss the principles of InfiniBand architecture External Devices An external device attaches to the computer by a link to an I/O module. The link is used to exchange control, status, and data between the I/O module and the external device. External devices can be classified into 3 categories… Human readable – e.g. video display Machine readable – e.g. magnetic disk Communications – e.g. wifi card I/O Modules An I/O module has two major functions… Interface to the processor and memory via the system bus or central switch Interface to one or more peripheral devices by tailored data links Module Functions The major functions or requirements for an I/O module fall into the following categories… Control and timing Processor communication Device communication Data buffering Error detection I/O function includes a control and timing requirement, to coordinate the flow of traffic between internal resources and external devices. Processor communication involves the following… Command decoding Data Status reporting Address recognition The I/O device must be able to perform device communication. This communication involves commands, status information, and data. An essential task of an I/O module is data buffering due to the relative slow speeds of most external devices. An I/O module is often responsible for error detection and for subsequently reporting errors to the processor. I/O Module Structure An I/O module functions to allow the processor to view a wide range of devices in a simple minded way. The I/O module may hide the details of timing, formats, and the electro mechanics of an external device so that the processor can function in terms of simple reads and write commands. An I/O channel/processor is an I/O module that takes on most of the detailed processing burden, presenting a high-level interface to the processor. There are 3 techniques are possible for I/O operations Programmed I/O Interrupt[t I/O DMA Access Programmed I/O When a processor is executing a program and encounters an instruction relating to I/O it executes that instruction by issuing a command to the appropriate I/O module. With programmed I/O, the I/O module will perform the requested action and then set the appropriate bits in the I/O status register. The I/O module takes no further actions to alert the processor. I/O Commands To execute an I/O related instruction, the processor issues an address, specifying the particular I/O module and external device, and an I/O command. There are four types of I/O commands that an I/O module may receive when it is addressed by a processor… Control – used to activate a peripheral and tell it what to do Test – Used to test various status conditions associated with an I/O module and its peripherals Read – Causes the I/O module to obtain an item of data from the peripheral and place it in an internal buffer Write – Causes the I/O module to take an item of data form the data bus and subsequently transmit that data item to the peripheral The main disadvantage of this technique is it is a time consuming process that keeps the processor busy needlessly I/O Instructions With programmed I/O there is a close correspondence between the I/O related instructions that the processor fetches from memory and the I/O commands that the processor issues to an I/O module to execute the instructions. Typically there will be many I/O devices connected through I/O modules to the system – each device is given a unique identifier or address – when the processor issues an I/O command, the command contains the address of the address of the desired device, thus each I/O module must interpret the address lines to determine if the command is for itself. When the processor, main memory and I/O share a common bus, two modes of addressing are possible… Memory mapped I/O Isolated I/O (for a detailed explanation read page 245 of book) The advantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that it has a large repertoire of instructions that can be used, allowing more efficient programming. The disadvantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that valuable memory address space is sued up. Interrupts driven I/O Interrupt driven I/O works as follows… The processor issues an I/O command to a module and then goes on to do some other useful work The I/O module will then interrupts the processor to request service when is is ready to exchange data with the processor The processor then executes the data transfer and then resumes its former processing Interrupt Processing The occurrence of an interrupt triggers a number of events, both in the processor hardware and in software. When an I/O device completes an I/O operations the following sequence of hardware events occurs… The device issues an interrupt signal to the processor The processor finishes execution of the current instruction before responding to the interrupt The processor tests for an interrupt – determines that there is one – and sends an acknowledgement signal to the device that issues the interrupt. The acknowledgement allows the device to remove its interrupt signal The processor now needs to prepare to transfer control to the interrupt routine. To begin, it needs to save information needed to resume the current program at the point of interrupt. The minimum information required is the status of the processor and the location of the next instruction to be executed. The processor now loads the program counter with the entry location of the interrupt-handling program that will respond to this interrupt. It also saves the values of the process registers because the Interrupt operation may modify these The interrupt handler processes the interrupt – this includes examination of status information relating to the I/O operation or other event that caused an interrupt When interrupt processing is complete, the saved register values are retrieved from the stack and restored to the registers Finally, the PSW and program counter values from the stack are restored. Design Issues Two design issues arise in implementing interrupt I/O Because there will be multiple I/O modules, how does the processor determine which device issued the interrupt? If multiple interrupts have occurred, how does the processor decide which one to process? Addressing device recognition, 4 general categories of techniques are in common use… Multiple interrupt lines Software poll Daisy chain Bus arbitration For a detailed explanation of these approaches read page 250 of the textbook. Interrupt driven I/O while more efficient than simple programmed I/O still requires the active intervention of the processor to transfer data between memory and an I/O module, and any data transfer must traverse a path through the processor. Thus is suffers from two inherent drawbacks… The I/O transfer rate is limited by the speed with which the processor can test and service a device The processor is tied up in managing an I/O transfer; a number of instructions must be executed for each I/O transfer Direct Memory Access When large volumes of data are to be moved, an efficient technique is direct memory access (DMA) DMA Function DMA involves an additional module on the system bus. The DMA module is capable of mimicking the processor and taking over control of the system from the processor. It needs to do this to transfer data to and from memory over the system bus. DMA must the bus only when the processor does not need it, or it must force the processor to suspend operation temporarily (most common – referred to as cycle stealing). When the processor wishes to read or write a block of data, it issues a command to the DMA module by sending to the DMA module the following information… Whether a read or write is requested using the read or write control line between the processor and the DMA module The address of the I/O device involved, communicated on the data lines The starting location in memory to read from or write to, communicated on the data lines and stored by the DMA module in its address register The number of words to be read or written, communicated via the data lines and stored in the data count register The processor then continues with other work, it delegates the I/O operation to the DMA module which transfers the entire block of data, one word at a time, directly to or from memory without going through the processor. When the transfer is complete, the DMA module sends an interrupt signal to the processor, this the processor is involved only at the beginning and end of the transfer. I/O Channels and Processors Characteristics of I/O Channels As one proceeds along the evolutionary path, more and more of the I/O function is performed without CPU involvement. The I/O channel represents an extension of the DMA concept. An I/O channel ahs the ability to execute I/O instructions, which gives it complete control over I/O operations. In a computer system with such devices, the CPU does not execute I/O instructions – such instructions are stored in main memory to be executed by a special purpose processor in the I/O channel itself. Two types of I/O channels are common A selector channel controls multiple high-speed devices. A multiplexor channel can handle I/O with multiple characters as fast as possible to multiple devices. The external interface: FireWire and InfiniBand Types of Interfaces One major characteristic of the interface is whether it is serial or parallel parallel interface – there are multiple lines connecting the I/O module and the peripheral, and multiple bits are transferred simultaneously serial interface – there is only one line used to transmit data, and bits must be transmitted one at a time With new generation serial interfaces, parallel interfaces are becoming less common. In either case, the I/O module must engage in a dialogue with the peripheral. In general terms the dialog may look as follows… The I/O module sends a control signal requesting permission to send data The peripheral acknowledges the request The I/O module transfers data The peripheral acknowledges receipt of data For a detailed explanation of FireWire and InfiniBand technology read page 264 – 270 of the textbook

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• Random World Generation

  - by Alex Larsen

  I'm making a game like minecraft (although a different idea) but I need a random world generator for a 1024 block wide and 256 block tall map. Basically so far I have a multidimensional array for each layer of blocks (a total of 262,114 blocks). This is the code I have now: Block[,] BlocksInMap = new Block[1024, 256]; public bool IsWorldGenerated = false; Random r = new Random(); private void RunThread() { for (int BH = 0; BH <= 256; BH++) { for (int BW = 0; BW <= 1024; BW++) { Block b = new Block(); if (BH >= 192) { } BlocksInMap[BW, BH] = b; } } IsWorldGenerated = true; } public void GenWorld() { new Thread(new ThreadStart(RunThread)).Start(); } I want to make tunnels and water but the way blocks are set is like this: Block MyBlock = new Block(); MyBlock.BlockType = Block.BlockTypes.Air; How would I manage to connect blocks so the land is not a bunch of floating dirt and stone?

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• 1.5 TB USB Drive failed to mount

  - by user89348

  Seagate 1.5Tb FreeAgent USB Hard Drive. Formatted FAT32. I figure it is 75% full. Used to work fine in XUBUNTU it shows up in Cairo Dock but when I click on it I get "failed to mount drive'. Nautilus does not display the icon nor does Thunar. Windows Vista will no longer recognise drive either. Back Track 5R3 also no longer fails to mount it. BUT and here is the BIG BUT my Pioneer DV-410 reads the files and plays the everything just fine. I believe this all happened after an unclean shutdown / XUbuntu 12.10 system freeze. Why can't XUBUNTU mount this drive when a crappy 13 year old DVD player can mount it. I am desperate to back up the data before just in case the drive becomes completely unreadable. Using XUBUNTU 12.10 Quantal current 3.5.0.17 Kernel (past 3 Kernels wont read it either) and all newest apt-get update / dist-upgrade are applied. I will post any other info you folks request as needed. Additional info as requested by githlar. $ sudo fsck.vfat /dev/sdb dosfsck 3.0.13, 30 Jun 2012, FAT32, LFN Read 512 bytes at 0:Input/output error $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 003: ID 148f:3070 Ralink Technology, Corp. RT2870/RT3070 Wireless Adapter Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bc2:3001 Seagate RSS LLC Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

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• Basic procedural generated content works, but how could I do the same in reverse?

  - by andrew

  My 2D world is made up of blocks. At the moment, I create a block and assign it a number between 1 and 4. The number assigned to the nth block is always the same (i.e if the player walks backwards or restarts the game.) and is generated in the function below. As shown here by this animation, the colours represent the number. function generate_data(n) math.randomseed(n) -- resets the random so that the 'random' number for n is always the same math.random() -- fixes lua random bug local no = math.random(4) --print(no, n) return no end Now I want to limit the next block's number - a block of 1 will always have a block 2 after it, while block 2 will either have a block 1,2 or 3 after it, etc. Before, all the blocks data was randomly generated, initially, and then saved. This data was then loaded and used instead of being randomly called. While working this way, I could specify what the next block would be easily and it would be saved for consistency. I have now removed this saving/loading in favour of procedural generation as I realised that save whiles would get very big after travelling. Back to the present. While travelling forward (to the right), it is easy to limit what the next blocks number will be. I can generate it at the same time as the other data. The problem is when travelling backwards (to the left) I can not think of a way to load the previous block so that it is always the same. Does anyone have any ideas on how I could sort this out?

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• Sound card not detected in 13.04

  - by Ganessh Kumar R P

  I have a problem with my sound card. I don't have volume up or down option anywhere. In the setting -> Sound I don't have any card detected. But when I run the command sudo aplay -l, I get the following output **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** Failed to create secure directory (/home/ganessh/.config/pulse): Permission denied card 0: MID [HDA Intel MID], device 0: STAC92xx Analog [STAC92xx Analog] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 And the command lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio" outputs 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 06) Subsystem: Dell Device 02a2 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 48 Memory at f0f20000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 06) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) -- 02:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GF106 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1) Subsystem: Dell Device 02a2 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at d3efc000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel 07:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300 So, I assume that the drivers are properly installed but still I don't get any option in the settings or volume control. The same card used to work well back in 2010 versions(04 and 10) Any help is appreciated. Thanks

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• SDcardReader/Writer is not connected

  - by Insuk

  My IOGEAR sdCardReader/Writer is recongized on Ubutu(by using VM ware) but when I tried to connect to "Removable Devices - Alcor Micro Flash Card Reader/Writer" , the follwoing message is appeared. " The connection for the USB device "Alcor Micro Flash Card Reader/Writer" was unsuccessful. The device is currently in use. " But I think it is not used. Should I use IOGEAR driver for this one? When I connect the card reader, Ubuntu automatically got the "Alcor Micro Flash Card Reader/Writer" . How can I fix the problem? Thank you, Insuk the result of lsusb: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0b95:7720 ASIX Electronics Corp. AX88772 Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0e0f:0008 VMware, Inc. Bus 002 Device 005: ID 0403:bcda Future Technology Devices International, Ltd From the vmware log : 2013-10-18T09:00:07.494-06:00| vmx| I120: USB-CCID: Could not establish context: SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE(0x8010001d). 2013-10-18T09:00:07.494-06:00| vmx| I120: USB-CCID: Could not establish context: SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE(0x8010001d).

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• bluetooth not working on Ubuntu 13.10

  - by iacopo

  I upgrated ubuntu from 13.4 to 13.10 and my bluetooth stopped working. When I open bluetooth I'm able to put it ON but the visibility doesn't show anything and didn't detect any device. when I: dmesg | grep Blue [ 2.046249] usb 3-1: Product: Bluetooth V2.0 Dongle [ 2.046252] usb 3-1: Manufacturer: Bluetooth v2.0 [ 15.255710] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 15.255748] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 15.255759] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 15.255765] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 15.255776] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 20.110379] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 20.110386] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 20.110400] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized [ 20.120635] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 20.120656] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 20.120660] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 when I digit: lsusb Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bc2:2300 Seagate RSS LLC Expansion Portable Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 006 Device 002: ID 0e6a:6001 Megawin Technology Co., Ltd GEMBIRD Flexible keyboard KB-109F-B-DE Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 005 Device 002: ID 13ee:0001 MosArt Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0a12:0001 Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub when I: hciconfig -a hci0: Type: BR/EDR Bus: USB BD Address: 00:1B:10:00:2A:EC ACL MTU: 1017:8 SCO MTU: 64:0 DOWN RX bytes:457 acl:0 sco:0 events:16 errors:0 TX bytes:68 acl:0 sco:0 commands:16 errors:0 Features: 0xff 0xff 0x8d 0xfe 0x9b 0xf9 0x00 0x80 Packet type: DM1 DM3 DM5 DH1 DH3 DH5 HV1 HV2 HV3 Link policy: Link mode: SLAVE ACCEPT when I digit: rfkill list 0: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 1: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no when I digit: sudo gedit /etc/bluetooth/main.conf [General] # List of plugins that should not be loaded on bluetoothd startup #DisablePlugins = network,input # Default adaper name # %h - substituted for hostname # %d - substituted for adapter id Name = %h-%d # Default device class. Only the major and minor device class bits are # considered. Class = 0x000100 # How long to stay in discoverable mode before going back to non-discoverable # The value is in seconds. Default is 180, i.e. 3 minutes. # 0 = disable timer, i.e. stay discoverable forever DiscoverableTimeout = 0 # How long to stay in pairable mode before going back to non-discoverable # The value is in seconds. Default is 0. # 0 = disable timer, i.e. stay pairable forever PairableTimeout = 0 # Use some other page timeout than the controller default one # which is 16384 (10 seconds). PageTimeout = 8192 # Automatic connection for bonded devices driven by platform/user events. # If a platform plugin uses this mechanism, automatic connections will be # enabled during the interval defined below. Initially, this feature # intends to be used to establish connections to ATT channels. AutoConnectTimeout = 60 # What value should be assumed for the adapter Powered property when # SetProperty(Powered, ...) hasn't been called yet. Defaults to true InitiallyPowered = true # Remember the previously stored Powered state when initializing adapters RememberPowered = false # Use vendor id source (assigner), vendor, product and version information for # DID profile support. The values are separated by ":" and assigner, VID, PID # and version. # Possible vendor id source values: bluetooth, usb (defaults to usb) #DeviceID = bluetooth:1234:5678:abcd # Do reverse service discovery for previously unknown devices that connect to # us. This option is really only needed for qualification since the BITE tester # doesn't like us doing reverse SDP for some test cases (though there could in # theory be other useful purposes for this too). Defaults to true. ReverseServiceDiscovery = true # Enable name resolving after inquiry. Set it to 'false' if you don't need # remote devices name and want shorter discovery cycle. Defaults to 'true'. NameResolving = true # Enable runtime persistency of debug link keys. Default is false which # makes debug link keys valid only for the duration of the connection # that they were created for. DebugKeys = false # Enable the GATT functionality. Default is false EnableGatt = false when I digit: dmesg | grep Bluetooth [ 2.013041] usb 3-1: Product: Bluetooth V2.0 Dongle [ 2.013049] usb 3-1: Manufacturer: Bluetooth v2.0 [ 13.798293] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16 [ 13.798338] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized [ 13.798352] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized [ 13.798357] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized [ 13.798368] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized [ 20.184162] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3 [ 20.184173] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast [ 20.184197] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized [ 20.238947] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized [ 20.238983] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized [ 20.239018] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11 When I digit: uname -a Linux casa-desktop 3.11.0-13-generic #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 07:38:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux When I digit: lsmod Module Size Used by parport_pc 32701 0 rfcomm 69070 4 bnep 19564 2 ppdev 17671 0 ip6t_REJECT 12910 1 xt_hl 12521 6 ip6t_rt 13507 3 nf_conntrack_ipv6 18938 9 nf_defrag_ipv6 34616 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 ipt_REJECT 12541 1 xt_LOG 17718 8 xt_limit 12711 11 xt_tcpudp 12884 32 xt_addrtype 12635 4 nf_conntrack_ipv4 15012 9 nf_defrag_ipv4 12729 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4 xt_conntrack 12760 18 ip6table_filter 12815 1 ip6_tables 27025 1 ip6table_filter nf_conntrack_netbios_ns 12665 0 nf_conntrack_broadcast 12589 1 nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_nat_ftp 12741 0 nf_nat 26653 1 nf_nat_ftp kvm_amd 59958 0 nf_conntrack_ftp 18608 1 nf_nat_ftp kvm 431315 1 kvm_amd nf_conntrack 91736 8 nf_nat_ftp,nf_conntrack_netbios_ns,nf_nat,xt_conntrack,nf_conntrack_broadcast,nf_conntrack_ftp,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ipv6 iptable_filter 12810 1 crct10dif_pclmul 14289 0 crc32_pclmul 13113 0 ip_tables 27239 1 iptable_filter snd_hda_codec_realtek 55704 1 ghash_clmulni_intel 13259 0 aesni_intel 55624 0 aes_x86_64 17131 1 aesni_intel snd_hda_codec_hdmi 41117 1 x_tables 34059 13 ip6table_filter,xt_hl,ip_tables,xt_tcpudp,xt_limit,xt_conntrack,xt_LOG,iptable_filter,ip6t_rt,ipt_REJECT,ip6_tables,xt_addrtype,ip6t_REJECT lrw 13257 1 aesni_intel snd_hda_intel 48171 5 gf128mul 14951 1 lrw glue_helper 13990 1 aesni_intel ablk_helper 13597 1 aesni_intel joydev 17377 0 cryptd 20329 3 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper snd_hda_codec 188738 3 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel arc4 12608 2 snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec rt2800pci 18690 0 snd_pcm 102033 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel radeon 1402449 3 rt2800lib 79963 1 rt2800pci btusb 28267 0 rt2x00pci 13287 1 rt2800pci rt2x00mmio 13603 1 rt2800pci snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel rt2x00lib 55238 4 rt2x00pci,rt2800lib,rt2800pci,rt2x00mmio snd_seq_midi 13324 0 mac80211 596969 3 rt2x00lib,rt2x00pci,rt2800lib snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi ttm 83995 1 radeon snd_rawmidi 30095 1 snd_seq_midi cfg80211 479757 2 mac80211,rt2x00lib drm_kms_helper 52651 1 radeon snd_seq 61560 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi bluetooth 371880 12 bnep,btusb,rfcomm microcode 23518 0 eeprom_93cx6 13344 1 rt2800pci snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi crc_ccitt 12707 1 rt2800lib snd_timer 29433 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd 69141 21 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi psmouse 97626 0 drm 296739 5 ttm,drm_kms_helper,radeon k10temp 13126 0 soundcore 12680 1 snd serio_raw 13413 0 i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 radeon i2c_piix4 22106 0 video 19318 0 mac_hid 13205 0 lp 17759 0 parport 42299 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc hid_generic 12548 0 usbhid 53014 0 hid 105818 2 hid_generic,usbhid pata_acpi 13038 0 usb_storage 62062 1 r8169 67341 0 sdhci_pci 18985 0 sdhci 42630 1 sdhci_pci mii 13934 1 r8169 pata_atiixp 13242 0 ohci_pci 13561 0 ahci 25819 2 libahci 31898 1 ahci Someone can help me?

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• Organization &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 4

  - by MarkPearl

  Learning Outcomes Explain the characteristics of memory systems Describe the memory hierarchy Discuss cache memory principles Discuss issues relevant to cache design Describe the cache organization of the Pentium Computer Memory Systems There are key characteristics of memory… Location – internal or external Capacity – expressed in terms of bytes Unit of Transfer – the number of bits read out of or written into memory at a time Access Method – sequential, direct, random or associative From a users perspective the two most important characteristics of memory are… Capacity Performance – access time, memory cycle time, transfer rate The trade off for memory happens along three axis… Faster access time, greater cost per bit Greater capacity, smaller cost per bit Greater capacity, slower access time This leads to people using a tiered approach in their use of memory   As one goes down the hierarchy, the following occurs… Decreasing cost per bit Increasing capacity Increasing access time Decreasing frequency of access of the memory by the processor The use of two levels of memory to reduce average access time works in principle, but only if conditions 1 to 4 apply. A variety of technologies exist that allow us to accomplish this. Thus it is possible to organize data across the hierarchy such that the percentage of accesses to each successively lower level is substantially less than that of the level above. A portion of main memory can be used as a buffer to hold data temporarily that is to be read out to disk. This is sometimes referred to as a disk cache and improves performance in two ways… Disk writes are clustered. Instead of many small transfers of data, we have a few large transfers of data. This improves disk performance and minimizes processor involvement. Some data designed for write-out may be referenced by a program before the next dump to disk. In that case the data is retrieved rapidly from the software cache rather than slowly from disk. Cache Memory Principles Cache memory is substantially faster than main memory. A caching system works as follows.. When a processor attempts to read a word of memory, a check is made to see if this in in cache memory… If it is, the data is supplied, If it is not in the cache, a block of main memory, consisting of a fixed number of words is loaded to the cache. Because of the phenomenon of locality of references, when a block of data is fetched into the cache, it is likely that there will be future references to that same memory location or to other words in the block. Elements of Cache Design While there are a large number of cache implementations, there are a few basic design elements that serve to classify and differentiate cache architectures… Cache Addresses Cache Size Mapping Function Replacement Algorithm Write Policy Line Size Number of Caches Cache Addresses Almost all non-embedded processors support virtual memory. Virtual memory in essence allows a program to address memory from a logical point of view without needing to worry about the amount of physical memory available. When virtual addresses are used the designer may choose to place the cache between the MMU (memory management unit) and the processor or between the MMU and main memory. The disadvantage of virtual memory is that most virtual memory systems supply each application with the same virtual memory address space (each application sees virtual memory starting at memory address 0), which means the cache memory must be completely flushed with each application context switch or extra bits must be added to each line of the cache to identify which virtual address space the address refers to. Cache Size We would like the size of the cache to be small enough so that the overall average cost per bit is close to that of main memory alone and large enough so that the overall average access time is close to that of the cache alone. Also, larger caches are slightly slower than smaller ones. Mapping Function Because there are fewer cache lines than main memory blocks, an algorithm is needed for mapping main memory blocks into cache lines. The choice of mapping function dictates how the cache is organized. Three techniques can be used… Direct – simplest technique, maps each block of main memory into only one possible cache line Associative – Each main memory block to be loaded into any line of the cache Set Associative – exhibits the strengths of both the direct and associative approaches while reducing their disadvantages For detailed explanations of each approach – read the text book (page 148 – 154) Replacement Algorithm For associative and set associating mapping a replacement algorithm is needed to determine which of the existing blocks in the cache must be replaced by a new block. There are four common approaches… LRU (Least recently used) FIFO (First in first out) LFU (Least frequently used) Random selection Write Policy When a block resident in the cache is to be replaced, there are two cases to consider If no writes to that block have happened in the cache – discard it If a write has occurred, a process needs to be initiated where the changes in the cache are propagated back to the main memory. There are several approaches to achieve this including… Write Through – all writes to the cache are done to the main memory as well at the point of the change Write Back – when a block is replaced, all dirty bits are written back to main memory The problem is complicated when we have multiple caches, there are techniques to accommodate for this but I have not summarized them. Line Size When a block of data is retrieved and placed in the cache, not only the desired word but also some number of adjacent words are retrieved. As the block size increases from very small to larger sizes, the hit ratio will at first increase because of the principle of locality, which states that the data in the vicinity of a referenced word are likely to be referenced in the near future. As the block size increases, more useful data are brought into cache. The hit ratio will begin to decrease as the block becomes even bigger and the probability of using the newly fetched information becomes less than the probability of using the newly fetched information that has to be replaced. Two specific effects come into play… Larger blocks reduce the number of blocks that fit into a cache. Because each block fetch overwrites older cache contents, a small number of blocks results in data being overwritten shortly after they are fetched. As a block becomes larger, each additional word is farther from the requested word and therefore less likely to be needed in the near future. The relationship between block size and hit ratio is complex, and no set approach is judged to be the best in all circumstances.   Pentium 4 and ARM cache organizations The processor core consists of four major components: Fetch/decode unit – fetches program instruction in order from the L2 cache, decodes these into a series of micro-operations, and stores the results in the L2 instruction cache Out-of-order execution logic – Schedules execution of the micro-operations subject to data dependencies and resource availability – thus micro-operations may be scheduled for execution in a different order than they were fetched from the instruction stream. As time permits, this unit schedules speculative execution of micro-operations that may be required in the future Execution units – These units execute micro-operations, fetching the required data from the L1 data cache and temporarily storing results in registers Memory subsystem – This unit includes the L2 and L3 caches and the system bus, which is used to access main memory when the L1 and L2 caches have a cache miss and to access the system I/O resources

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• Linux not buffering block I/O when the device is not "in use" (i.e. mounted)

  - by Radek Hladík

  I am installing new server and I've found an interesting issue. The server is running Fedora 19 (3.11.7-200.fc19.x86_64 kernel) and is supposed to host a few KVM/Qemu virtual servers (mail server, file server, etc..). The HW is Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160 @ 3.00GHz with 16GB RAM. One of the most important features will be Samba server and we have decided to make it as virtual machine with almost direct access to the disks. So the real HDD is cached on SSD (via bcache) then raided with md and the final device is exported into the virtual machine via virtio. The virtual machine is again Fedora 19 with the same kernel. One important topic to find out is whether the virtualization layer will not introduce high overload into disk I/Os. So far I've been able to get up to 180MB/s in VM and up to 220MB/s on real HW (on the SSD disk). I am still not sure why the overhead is so big but it is more than the network can handle so I do not care so much. The interesting thing is that I've found that the disk reads are not buffered in the VM unless I create and mount FS on the disk or I use the disks somehow. Simply put: Lets do dd to read disk for the first time (the /dev/vdd is an old Raptor disk 70MB/s is its real speed): [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 36.8038 s, 71.2 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Rereading the data shows that they are cached somewhere but not in buffers of the VM. Also the speed increased to "only" 500MB/s. The VM has 4GB of RAM (more that the test file) [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.16016 s, 508 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.05727 s, 518 MB/s Buffers: 14444 kB Now lets mount the FS on /dev/vdd and try the dd again: [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vdd /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 4.68578 s, 559 MB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 1.50504 s, 1.7 GB/s Buffers: 2574592 kB While the first read was the same, all 2.6GB got buffered and the next read was at 1.7GB/s. And when I unmount the device: [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/tmp [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers Buffers: 14452 kB [root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/vdd of=/dev/null bs=256k count=10000 ; cat /proc/meminfo | grep Buffers 2621440000 bytes (2.6 GB) copied, 5.10499 s, 514 MB/s Buffers: 14468 kB The bcache was disabled while testing and the results are same on faster (newer) HDDs and on SSD (except for the initial read speed of course). To sum it up. When I read from the device via dd first time, it gets read from the disk. Next time I reread it gets cached in the host but not in the guest (thats actually the same issue, more on that later). When I mount the filesystem but try to read the device directly it gets cached in VM (via buffers). As soon as I stop "using" it, buffers are discarded and the device is not cached anymore in the VM. When I looked into buffers value on the host I realized that the situation is the same. The block I/O gets buffered only when the disk is in use, in this case it means "exported to a VM". On host, after all the measurement done: 3165552 buffers On the host, after the VM shutdown: 119176 buffers I know it is not important as the disks will be mounted all the time but I am curious and I would like to know why it is working like this.

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• Testing Mobile Websites with Adobe Shadow

  - by dwahlin

  It’s no surprise that mobile development is all the rage these days. With all of the new mobile devices being released nearly every day the ability for developers to deliver mobile solutions is more important than ever. Nearly every developer or company I’ve talked to recently about mobile development in training classes, at conferences, and on consulting projects says that they need to find a solution to get existing websites into the mobile space. Although there are several different frameworks out there that can be used such as jQuery Mobile, Sencha Touch, jQTouch, and others, how do you test how your site renders on iOS, Android, Blackberry, Windows Phone, and the variety of mobile form factors out there? Although there are different virtual solutions that can be used including Electric Plum for iOS, emulators, browser plugins for resizing the laptop/desktop browser, and more, at some point you need to test on as many physical devices as possible. This can be extremely challenging and quite time consuming though especially when you consider that you have to manually enter URLs into devices and click links on each one to drill-down into sites. Adobe Labs just released a product called Adobe Shadow (thanks to Kurt Sprinzl for letting me know about it) that significantly simplifies testing sites on physical devices, debugging problems you find, and even making live modifications to HTML and CSS content while viewing a site on the device to see how rendering changes. You can view a page in your laptop/desktop browser and have it automatically pushed to all of your devices without actually touching the device (a huge time saver). See a problem with a device? Locate it using the free Chrome extension, pull up inspection tools (based on the Chrome Developer tools) and make live changes through Chrome that appear on the respective device so that it’s easy to identify how problems can be resolved. I’ve been using Adobe Shadow and am very impressed with the amount of time saved and the different features that it offers. In the rest of the post I’ll walk through how to get it installed, get it started, and use it to view and debug pages.   Getting Adobe Shadow Installed The following steps can be used to get Adobe Shadow installed: 1. Download and install Adobe Shadow on your laptop/desktop 2. Install the Adobe Shadow extension for Chrome 3. Install the Adobe Shadow app on all of your devices (you can find it in various app stores) 4. Connect your devices to Wifi. Make sure they’re on the same network that your laptop/desktop machine is on   Getting Adobe Shadow Started Once Adobe Shadow is installed, you’ll need to get it running on your laptop/desktop and on all your mobile devices. The following steps walk through that process: 1. Start the Adobe Shadow application on your laptop/desktop 2. Start the Adobe Shadow app on each of your mobile devices 3. Locate the laptop/desktop name in the list that’s shown on each mobile device: 4. Select the laptop/desktop name and a passcode will be shown: 5. Open the Adobe Shadow Chrome extension on the laptop/desktop and enter the passcode for the given device: Using Adobe Shadow to View and Modify Pages Once Adobe Shadow is up and running on your laptop/desktop and on all of your mobile devices you can navigate to a page in Chrome on the laptop/desktop and it will automatically be pushed out to all connected mobile devices. If you have 5 mobile devices setup they’ll all navigate to the page displayed in Chrome (pretty awesome!). This makes it super easy to see how a given page looks on your iPad, Android device, etc. without having to touch the device itself. If you find a problem with a page on a device you can select the device in the Chrome Adobe Shadow extension on your laptop/desktop and select the remote inspector icon (it’s the < > icon): This will pull up the Adobe Shadow remote debugging window which contains the standard Chrome Developer tool tabs such as Elements, Resources, Network, etc. Click on the Elements tab to see the HTML rendered for the target device and then drill into the respective HTML content, CSS styles, etc. As HTML elements are selected in the Adobe Shadow debugging tool they’ll be highlighted on the device itself just like they would if you were debugging a page directly in Chrome with the developer tools. Here’s an example from my Android device that shows how the page looks on the device as I select different HTML elements on the laptop/desktop: Conclusion I’m really impressed with what I’ve to this point from Adobe Shadow. Controlling pages that display on devices directly from my laptop/desktop is a big time saver and the ability to remotely see changes made through the Chrome Developer Tools (on my laptop/desktop) really pushes the tool over the top. If you’re developing mobile applications it’s definitely something to check out. It’s currently free to download and use. For additional details check out the video below:  

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• Anything Mouse Like Isn't Seen by Ubuntu 13.10

  - by belkinsa

  I have a upgraded 13.10 from 13.04 and today this issue of anything that is mouse-like is not seen by Ubuntu. The only input device that works is my Wacom Tablet and it's pen. I already checked for updates and have the latest updates for the Ubuntu system. Here is the lsusb output: Bus 002 Device 002: ID 04f2:b209 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 002: ID 056a:00b8 Wacom Co., Ltd Intuos4 4x6 Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub This is issue a bug or how to fix it? I can't even use the Live USB of Ubuntu 13.10 to fix the issue. EDIT 1: Seems that Ubuntu isn't seeing the clicks done by a mouse if it's the Wacom tablet. EDIT 2: I think it's a bug but I need help to report it.

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• How to tell thunar to stop using my device?

  - by Guillaume Coté

  When I do sudo umount /media/KINGSTON I got umount: /media/KINGSTON: device is busy. By using fuser -c /media/KINGSTON And cat /proc/<pid>/cmdline I found that the process is thunar--deamon. I closed all file manager windows. When I try to umount it by right cliking on the desktop, it also gave an error : An application is preventing the volume "KINGSTON" from being unmounted I am affraid that killing Thunar is going to impact other process running in other terminal. How can I tell it that I don't need this usb key anymore so it stop using it?

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• How do you separate the template of a blog block in Drupal?

  - by Ralph

  Hi, In Drupal, I created a block using views. This block contains the latest blog entries. I've placed this on a specific page to display it as an archive. Now, as for the blog itself (for example when one of them is clicked), A blog template for it depends on node-blog.tpl.php. My problem is, when I style node-blog.tpl.php, the block I created for the archives (as it displays on the page) gets affected. For example if I add TEST on node-blog.tpl.php, I will also get that on the block for every entry. I think it's because it is associated to a blog entry? What I want is to have node-blog styled "alone" when blog entries are viewed individually and not get the other entries on the blocks on the archive page be affected. How should I do this?

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• Block Hover Effect - Why doesn't it work correctly in FF3.6?

  - by Brian Ojeda

  Why doesn't following code work correctly in FireFox 3.6? I have tested in IE7, IE8, and Chrome with out any issues. Issue: The first block hover link (the table's 3rd row) doesn't apply the same style/effect as the following below it. Notes: I am trying to create my own table framework. This project is something I am doing to learn more about CSS. Before I started, I thought I knew a lot about CSS. However, to my surprise I was wrong. Who knew? Moving on... As side note, I do not want to take the time to support IE6. So, if you see a problem related IE6, please don't waste your time telling. One another side note, the following style script and HTML listed when this question is strip-down/bare-bone of the complete CSS/HTML. It should be enough to assist me. CSS: /* Main Properties */ .ojtable{display:block;clear:both; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; margin-top:0px; width:650px;} .ojtable-row, .ojtable-head {display:block;clear:both;position:relative; margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;} .col-1, .col-2, .col-3, .col-4, .col-5, .col-6, .col-7, .col-8, .col-9, .col-10, .col-11, .col-12, .col-13, .col-1-b1, .col-2-b1, .col-3-b1, .col-4-b1, .col-5-b1, .col-6-b1, .col-7-b1, .col-8-b1, .col-9-b1, .col-10-b1, .col-11-b1, .col-12-b1, .col-13-b1 {display:block;float:left;position:relative; margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px 2px;} /* Border */ .border-b1{border:solid #000000; border-width:0 0 1px 0;} .border-ltr{border:solid #000000; border-width:1px 1px 0 1px;} /* Header */ .ojtable-row{width:100%;} .ojtable-head{width:100%;} /* No Border*/ .col-2{width:96px;} /* Border: 1px */ .col-2-b1{width:95px;} .col-7-b1{width:345px;} /*--- Clear Floated Elements ---*/ /* Credit: http://sonspring.com/journal/clearing-floats */ .clear { clear: both; display: block; overflow: hidden; visibility: hidden; width: 0; height: 0; } /* Credit: http://perishablepress.com/press/2008/02/05/ lessons-learned-concerning-the-clearfix-css-hack/ */ .clearfix:after { visibility: hidden; display: block; font-size: 0; content: " "; clear: both; height: 0; } .clearfix { display:inline-block; } /* start commented backslash hack \*/ * html .clearfix { height: 1%; } .clearfix { display: block; } /* close commented backslash hack */ /*--- Hover Effect for the Tables ---*/ a {text-decoration:none;} * .ojtable a .ojtable-row{width:650px; display:block; text-decoration:none;} * html .ojtable a .ojtable-row {width:650px;}/* Hover Fix for IE */ .ojtable a:hover .ojtable-row{background:#AAAAAA; cursor:pointer;} HTML: <div class="ojtable border-ltr clearfix"> <div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-13">Newest Blogs</div> </div> <div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Name</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Creater's Name</div> <div class="col-2">Dated Created</div> </div> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Why jQuery?</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Gramcracker</div> <div class="col-2">Mar 11 2010</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Thank You For Your Help</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">O'Hater</div> <div class="col-2">Nov 2 2009</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Click Me! Hahaha!</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Brian Ojeda</div> <div class="col-2">Nov 29 2008</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1">Moment of Zen</div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">Jedi</div> <div class="col-2">Mar 11 2010</div> </div></a> <a href="#"><div class="ojtable-row border-b1 clearfix"> <div class="col-7-b1 border-r1"></div> <div class="col-4-b1 border-r1">SGT OJ</div> <div class="col-2">Mar 11 2010</div> </div></a> </div> <!-- End of Table --> PS: Thank you for assistant, if you do choose to help.

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• What is the best workaround for the WCF client `using` block issue?

  - by Eric King

  I like instantiating my WCF service clients within a using block as it's pretty much the standard way to use resources that implement IDisposable: using (var client = new SomeWCFServiceClient()) { //Do something with the client } But, as noted in this MSDN article, wrapping a WCF client in a using block could mask any errors that result in the client being left in a faulted state (like a timeout or communication problem). Long story short, when Dispose() is called, the client's Close() method fires, but throws and error because it's in a faulted state. The original exception is then masked by the second exception. Not good. The suggested workaround in the MSDN article is to completely avoid using a using block, and to instead instantiate your clients and use them something like this: try { ... client.Close(); } catch (CommunicationException e) { ... client.Abort(); } catch (TimeoutException e) { ... client.Abort(); } catch (Exception e) { ... client.Abort(); throw; } Compared to the using block, I think that's ugly. And a lot of code to write each time you need a client. Luckily, I found a few other workarounds, such as this one on IServiceOriented. You start with: public delegate void UseServiceDelegate<T>(T proxy); public static class Service<T> { public static ChannelFactory<T> _channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<T>(""); public static void Use(UseServiceDelegate<T> codeBlock) { IClientChannel proxy = (IClientChannel)_channelFactory.CreateChannel(); bool success = false; try { codeBlock((T)proxy); proxy.Close(); success = true; } finally { if (!success) { proxy.Abort(); } } } } Which then allows: Service<IOrderService>.Use(orderService => { orderService.PlaceOrder(request); } That's not bad, but I don't think it's as expressive and easily understandable as the using block. The workaround I'm currently trying to use I first read about on blog.davidbarret.net. Basically you override the client's Dispose() method wherever you use it. Something like: public partial class SomeWCFServiceClient : IDisposable { void IDisposable.Dispose() { if (this.State == CommunicationState.Faulted) { this.Abort(); } else { this.Close(); } } } This appears to be able to allow the using block again without the danger of masking a faulted state exception. So, are there any other gotchas I have to look out for using these workarounds? Has anybody come up with anything better?

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• Ubutu 14.04 triple screen, third screen black and X cursor

  - by Horse

  I am having some issues getting my third screen working properly. I had triple screens working fine on 12.04, using 2 nvidia cards. Did a fresh install of 14.04 and having no end of problems getting it working. It either will just be disabled, or the screen is black with the cursor as an X. I can only enable it from the nvidia server settings tool. The Ubuntu native display settings won't even show the 3rd screen. I tried copying the xorg.conf from my old install, which upon restarting X worked fine on the login screen, but then it just sat there after I logged in and didn’t do anything (mouse was still working). I am using gnome-session-fallback instead of unity if that makes any difference. Still having these issues if I try unity though. How do I get my 3rd screen working and displaying a desktop? Here is my current xorg.conf # nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings # nvidia-settings: version 331.20 (buildd@roseapple) Mon Feb 3 15:07:22 UTC 2014 Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 Screen 1 "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" Option "Xinerama" "0" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "no" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "Monitor" # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "DELL 1907FP" HorizSync 30.0 - 81.0 VertRefresh 56.0 - 76.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Monitor" # HorizSync source: unknown, VertRefresh source: unknown Identifier "Monitor1" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "DELL 1907FP" HorizSync 0.0 - 0.0 VertRefresh 0.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor2" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "DELL 1907FP" HorizSync 30.0 - 81.0 VertRefresh 56.0 - 76.0 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce GTX 580" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device1" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce GT 520" BusID "PCI:3:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device2" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce GT 520" BusID "PCI:3:0:0" EndSection Section "Screen" # Removed Option "metamodes" "DVI-I-2: nvidia-auto-select +0+0, DVI-I-3: nvidia-auto-select +1280+0" # Removed Option "metamodes" "DVI-I-2: nvidia-auto-select +0+0" # Removed Option "SLI" "Off" # Removed Option "BaseMosaic" "off" # Removed Option "metamodes" "GPU-109d4eb8-b40b-87d7-3fd6-95830d1d5215.DVI-I-2: nvidia-auto-select +0+0, GPU-109d4eb8-b40b-87d7-3fd6-95830d1d5215.DVI-I-3: nvidia-auto-select +1280+0, GPU-82e96214-175e-5e6a-218c-5bdbc948daf2.DVI-I-1: nvidia-auto-select +3200+0" # Removed Option "SLI" "off" # Removed Option "BaseMosaic" "on" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Stereo" "0" Option "nvidiaXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-0" Option "metamodes" "DVI-I-2: nvidia-auto-select +0+0, DVI-I-3: nvidia-auto-select +1280+0" Option "SLI" "Off" Option "MultiGPU" "Off" Option "BaseMosaic" "off" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" # Removed Option "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0" # Removed Option "metamodes" "DVI-I-3: nvidia-auto-select +0+0" Identifier "Screen1" Device "Device1" Monitor "Monitor1" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Stereo" "0" Option "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0" Option "SLI" "Off" Option "MultiGPU" "Off" Option "BaseMosaic" "off" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen2" Device "Device2" Monitor "Monitor2" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Stereo" "0" Option "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0" Option "SLI" "Off" Option "MultiGPU" "Off" Option "BaseMosaic" "off" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Here is my old 'working in 12.04' xorg.conf # nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings # nvidia-settings: version 310.19 ([email protected]) Thu Nov 8 02:08:55 PST 2012 Section "ServerLayout" # Removed Option "Xinerama" "0" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 Screen 1 "Screen1" RightOf "Screen2" Screen 2 "Screen2" RightOf "Screen0" InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" Option "Xinerama" "1" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "auto" Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "no" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection Section "InputDevice" # generated from default Identifier "Keyboard0" Driver "kbd" EndSection Section "Monitor" # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid Identifier "Monitor0" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "DELL 1907FP" HorizSync 30.0 - 81.0 VertRefresh 56.0 - 76.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Monitor" # HorizSync source: unknown, VertRefresh source: unknown Identifier "Monitor1" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "DELL 1907FP" HorizSync 30.0 - 81.0 VertRefresh 56.0 - 76.0 Option "DPMS" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "Monitor2" VendorName "Unknown" ModelName "Apple Cinema HD" HorizSync 74.0 - 74.6 VertRefresh 59.9 - 60.0 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce GTX 580" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" Screen 0 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device1" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce GT 520" BusID "PCI:3:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device2" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce GTX 580" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" Screen 1 EndSection Section "Screen" # Removed Option "metamodes" "DFP-0: nvidia-auto-select +0+0, DFP-2: nvidia-auto-select +1280+0" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Device0" Monitor "Monitor0" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Stereo" "0" Option "metamodes" "DFP-0: nvidia-auto-select +0+0; DFP-0: nvidia-auto-select +0+0; DFP-0: 1280x1024_75 +0+0; DFP-0: 1152x864 +0+0; DFP-0: 1024x768 +0+0; DFP-0: 1024x768_60 +0+0; DFP-0: 800x600 +0+0; DFP-0: 800x600_60 +0+0; DFP-0: 640x480 +0+0; DFP-0: 640x480_60 +0+0; DFP-0: nvidia-auto-select +0+0 {viewportout=1280x720+0+152}" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen1" Device "Device1" Monitor "Monitor1" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Stereo" "0" Option "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen2" Device "Device2" Monitor "Monitor2" DefaultDepth 24 Option "Stereo" "0" Option "metamodes" "DFP-2: nvidia-auto-select +0+0" SubSection "Display" Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "Disable" EndSection

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• Best way to block "comment spam" postings to web forms? [closed]

  - by David Jones

  Possible Duplicate: Make your site anti-bot? I have a custom web form on my PHP-based site. Recently it is getting a regular stream of comment-spam postings from a few specific IP addresses. Question: What is a good way to block a small set of blacklisted IP addresses from accessing my site? I was thinking it should be possible using .htaccess to respond with status code 403 (Forbidden) for all HTTP requests from the blacklisted IP addresses, ... but I am not sure exactly how to do that. If anyone knows the .htaccess syntax needed to accomplish this, ... please let me know. thanks in advance,

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• Micromax 3G mobile internet modem not being detected

  - by arjith

  I have Micromax 3G modem, and i inserted it in the USB port, but it is not being detected by Ubuntu 12.04, that i'm using from a Live USB. I tried creating a mobile internet connection, however, eventhough i created it, there is no option to connect. I had previously used 11.10 Ubuntu, and it had automatically detected the datastick modem and asked me to create a connection. On typing lsusb in the terminal it gives the following: **Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 03f0:5307 Hewlett-Packard Bus 001 Device 008: ID 1c9e:9605 OMEGA TECHNOLOGY Bus 001 Device 006: ID 5986:0364 Acer, Inc tried to insert the modem before boot, with negative results **

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• How can I disable usb-autosuspend for a specific device?

  - by black_puppydog

  This is related to the issue discussed in this question. Summary: the mouse freezes when operating on battery since it is autosuspended after a certain time and needs more time to wake up. Disabling usb-autosuspend for the mouse's receiver in powertop is a temporary solution but does not survive a reboot. How can I permanently disable the usb autosuspend for only one specific device? A solution that does not involve installing additional packages is preferred (after all, I want to disable something) but not required. Removing powertop (which seems to be a solution for some) is not what I want - I like poertop... And installing laptop-mode-tools to disable usb_autosuspend alltogether is not what I want, either, thus the new question. Also: will this affect the battery of my notebook? The logitech unifying receiver for the mouse stays connected all the time, so if that prevents the autosuspend from happening for all devices that would probably be bad.

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• Can't get my Blue Snowflake Mic to work

  - by TheNerdAL

  It was working fine when I bought it. I think it was an update or something that made it stop. I don't think the Mic is broken, at least I hope not. Can anyone help? Please? I need it before tommorrow. I'm working on a video. I get this when I check the terminal for what USB devices are connected: Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 004: ID 2525:8912 Bus 003 Device 003: ID 058f:9360 Alcor Micro Corp. 8-in-1 Media Card Reader Bus 003 Device 002: ID 056a:00d2 Wacom Co., Ltd Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Thanks.

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• Would a multitouch capable PC allow me to do Android development simulating the touch UI without an Android device ?

  - by Scott Davies

  Hi, I recently purchased a Samsung Galaxy Tab as a reference implementation (phone and first gen Android tablet), of Android 2.x for app development. I have noticed a slew of Android 3.0 slates being talked about at CES 2011 (Motorola XOOM, etc.). If I had a multitouch PC with the Android SDK/Emulator on it, would this allow me to more closely approximate device simulation by allowing user input via the multitouch screen ? Would it work via touch just like Windows 7 recognizes touch as mouse style input ? Has anyone done this ? Thanks, Scott

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