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  • How to properly code in Unity? [on hold]

    - by Vincent B.
    I'm fairly new to Unity (yet I touched it and made a few proto with it) and I'd like to know how I'm supposed to work with it. I'm student in programming so I'm used to C/C++ with SDL/SFML, writing code and only using Input/Graphics/Network libs. I followed a few Unity guides and it was way more around drag & drop on scenes and a bit of scripting to activate it all, which disturbed me. So I fond a way to only use one GameObject and use a Singleton to launch code and display stuff (for 2d games at least). At the end of the day I make games not using "Instantiate" or such at all. Is it the right way ? Am I supposed to do this ? How much are your scenes populated (in a professional environment) ? When should I stop coding and start using the editor ?

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  • spliiting code in java-don't know what's wrong [closed]

    - by ???? ?????
    I'm writing a code to split a file into many files with a size specified in the code, and then it will join these parts later. The problem is with the joining code, it doesn't work and I can't figure what is wrong! This is my code: import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class StupidSplit { static final int Chunk_Size = 10; static int size =0; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String file = "b.txt"; int chunks = DivideFile(file); System.out.print((new File(file)).delete()); System.out.print(JoinFile(file, chunks)); } static boolean JoinFile(String fname, int nChunks) { /* * Joins the chunks together. Chunks have been divided using DivideFile * function so the last part of filename will ".partxxxx" Checks if all * parts are together by matching number of chunks found against * "nChunks", then joins the file otherwise throws an error. */ boolean successful = false; File currentDirectory = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")); // File[] fileList = currentDirectory.listFiles(); /* populate only the files having extension like "partxxxx" */ List<File> lst = new ArrayList<File>(); // Arrays.sort(fileList); for (File file : fileList) { if (file.isFile()) { String fnm = file.getName(); int lastDot = fnm.lastIndexOf('.'); // add to list which match the name given by "fname" and have //"partxxxx" as extension" if (fnm.substring(0, lastDot).equalsIgnoreCase(fname) && (fnm.substring(lastDot + 1)).substring(0, 4).equals("part")) { lst.add(file); } } } /* * sort the list - it will be sorted by extension only because we have * ensured that list only contains those files that have "fname" and * "part" */ File[] files = (File[]) lst.toArray(new File[0]); Arrays.sort(files); System.out.println("size ="+files.length); System.out.println("hello"); /* Ensure that number of chunks match the length of array */ if (files.length == nChunks-1) { File ofile = new File(fname); FileOutputStream fos; FileInputStream fis; byte[] fileBytes; int bytesRead = 0; try { fos = new FileOutputStream(ofile,true); for (File file : files) { fis = new FileInputStream(file); fileBytes = new byte[(int) file.length()]; bytesRead = fis.read(fileBytes, 0, (int) file.length()); assert(bytesRead == fileBytes.length); assert(bytesRead == (int) file.length()); fos.write(fileBytes); fos.flush(); fileBytes = null; fis.close(); fis = null; } fos.close(); fos = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { System.out.println("Could not find file"); successful = false; return successful; } catch (IOException ioe) { System.out.println("Cannot write to disk"); successful = false; return successful; } /* ensure size of file matches the size given by server */ successful = (ofile.length() == StupidSplit.size) ? true : false; } else { successful = false; } return successful; } static int DivideFile(String fname) { File ifile = new File(fname); FileInputStream fis; String newName; FileOutputStream chunk; //int fileSize = (int) ifile.length(); double fileSize = (double) ifile.length(); //int nChunks = 0, read = 0, readLength = Chunk_Size; int nChunks = 0, read = 0, readLength = Chunk_Size; byte[] byteChunk; try { fis = new FileInputStream(ifile); StupidSplit.size = (int)ifile.length(); while (fileSize > 0) { if (fileSize <= Chunk_Size) { readLength = (int) fileSize; } byteChunk = new byte[readLength]; read = fis.read(byteChunk, 0, readLength); fileSize -= read; assert(read==byteChunk.length); nChunks++; //newName = fname + ".part" + Integer.toString(nChunks - 1); newName = String.format("%s.part%09d", fname, nChunks - 1); chunk = new FileOutputStream(new File(newName)); chunk.write(byteChunk); chunk.flush(); chunk.close(); byteChunk = null; chunk = null; } fis.close(); System.out.println(nChunks); // fis = null; } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { System.out.println("Could not find the given file"); System.exit(-1); } catch (IOException ioe) { System.out .println("Error while creating file chunks. Exiting program"); System.exit(-1); }System.out.println(nChunks); return nChunks; } } }

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  • Returning status code where one of many errors could have occured

    - by yttriuszzerbus
    I'm developing a PHP login component which includes functions to manipulate the User object, such as $User->changePassword(string $old, string $new) What I need some advice with is how to return a status, as the function can either succeed (no further information needs to be given) or fail (and the calling code needs to know why, for example incorrect password, database problem etc.) I've come up with the following ideas: Unix-style: return 0 on success, another code on failure. This doesn't seem particularly common in PHP and the language's type-coercion messes with this (a function returning FALSE on success?) This seems to be the best I can think of. Throw an exception on error. PHP's exception support is limited, and this will make life harder for anybody trying to use the functions. Return an array, containing a boolean for "success" or not, and a string or an int for "failure status" if applicable. None of these seem particularly appealing, does anyone have any advice or better ideas?

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  • Lost in Code?

    - by Geertjan
    Sometimes you're coding and you find yourself forgetting your context. For example, look at this situation: The cursor is on line 52. Imagine you're coding there and you're puzzling on some problem for some time. Wouldn't it be handy to know, without scrolling up (and then back down again to where you were working), what the method signature looks like? And does the method begin two lines above the visible code or 10 lines? That information can now, in NetBeans iDE 7.3 (and already in the 7.3 Beta) very easily be ascertained, by putting the cursor on the closing brace of the code block: As you can see, a new vertical line is shown parallel to the line numbers, connecting the end of the method with its start, as well as, at the top of the editor, the complete method signature, together with the number of the line on which it's found. Very handy. Same support is found for other file types, such as in JavaScript files.

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  • Do you sign each of your source files with your name? [duplicate]

    - by regularfry
    Possible Duplicate: How do you keep track of the authors of code? One of my colleagues is in the habit of putting his name and email address in the head of each source file he works on, as author metadata. I am not; I prefer to rely on source control to tell me who I should be speaking to about a given set of functionality. Should I also be signing files I work on for any other reasons? Do you? If so, why? To be clear, this is in addition to whatever metadata for copyright and licensing information is included, and applies to both open sourced and proprietary code.

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  • How do I imply code contracts of chained methods to avoid superfluous checks while chaining?

    - by Sandor Drieënhuizen
    I'm using Code Contracts in C# 4.0. I'm applying the usual static method chaining to simulate optional parameters (I know C# 4.0 supports optional parameters but I really don't want to use them). The thing is that my contract requirements are executed twice (or possibly the number of chained overloads I'd implement) if I call the Init(string , string[]) method -- an obvious effect from the sample source code below. This can be expensive, especially due to relatively expensive requirements like the File.Exists I use. public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies) { // The static contract checker 'makes' me put these here as well as // in the overload below. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); Init(configurationPath, mappingAssemblies, null); } public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies, string optionalArgument) { // This is the main implementation of Init and all calls to chained // overloads end up here. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); //... } If however, I remove the requirements from that method, the static checker complains that the requirements of the Init(string, string[], string) overload are not met. I reckon that the static checker doesn't understand that there requirements of the Init(string, string[], string) overload implicitly apply to the Init(string, string[]) method as well; something that would be perfectly deductable from the code IMO. This is the situation I would like to achieve: public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies) { // I don't want to repeat the requirements here because they will always // be checked in the overload called here. Init(configurationPath, mappingAssemblies, null); } public static void Init(string configurationPath, string[] mappingAssemblies, string optionalArgument) { // This is the main implementation of Init and all calls to chained // overloads end up here. Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(configurationPath != null, "configurationPath"); Contract.Requires<ArgumentException>(configurationPath.Length > 0, "configurationPath is an empty string."); Contract.Requires<FileNotFoundException>(File.Exists(configurationPath), configurationPath); Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(mappingAssemblies != null, "mappingAssemblies"); Contract.ForAll<string>(mappingAssemblies, (n) => File.Exists(n)); //... } So, my question is this: is there a way to have the requirements of Init(string, string[], string) implicitly apply to Init(string, string[]) automatically?

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  • Can someone code review my small SDL app? Want to make sure I didn't make any beginner mistakes

    - by SDLFunTimes
    In an effort to teach myself the SDL library (hence my stack overflow handle :) ) I wanted to try my hand at a side-scroller. My code is complete but I want some feedback (mostly because I have an atrocious amount of if and else statements for what seems like some simple logic). My "program" is a c++ side-scroller where you move a single sprite across the screen. No jumping, bad guys, guns, scores, levels or anything. I wanted to use this as a base to build up upon. So I figured if my base is wrong I could end up with some pretty bad future apps. It's also multi-threaded. Next up on this I would like to make the person sprite animated (so it looks like he's walking rather than sliding) as well as make the person go faster when the arrow buttons are held down longer). The code is kind of long but here's my main method. There's a link at the bottom for the whole program: #include <iostream> #include "SDL.h" #include "game.hpp" using std::cout; using std::endl; const int SCREENW = 200; const int SCREENH = 200; const int BPP = 32; const int FPS = 24; int event_loop(void* stuff); int display_loop(void* stuff); int main(int argc, char** argv) { SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING | SDL_INIT_EVENTTHREAD); SDL_Thread* events_thurd; SDL_Thread* display_thurd; SDL_Surface* screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(SCREENW, SCREENH, BPP, SDL_SWSURFACE); SDL_EnableKeyRepeat(SDL_DEFAULT_REPEAT_DELAY, SDL_DEFAULT_REPEAT_INTERVAL); SDL_Event event; Game* thug_aim = new Game(&event, screen, SCREENW, SCREENH, BPP); events_thurd = SDL_CreateThread(event_loop, (void*)thug_aim); display_thurd = SDL_CreateThread(display_loop, (void*)thug_aim); SDL_WaitThread(events_thurd, NULL); SDL_KillThread(display_thurd); delete thug_aim; return 0; } int event_loop(void* stuff) { Game* gamez = (Game*)stuff; SDL_Event* event = gamez->get_event(); while(1) { while(SDL_PollEvent(event)) { if(event->type == SDL_QUIT) { return 0; } else if(event->type == SDL_KEYDOWN) { if(event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT || event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT) { gamez->move(event->key.keysym.sym); } } else if(event->type == SDL_KEYUP) { if(event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT || event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT) { gamez->stop_move(event->key.keysym.sym); } } else { //not an event that concerns this game } } } } int display_loop(void* stuff) { Game* gamez = (Game*)stuff; double period = 1 / FPS * 1000; Uint32 milli_period = (Uint32)period; //get some of the attributes from gamez SDL_Rect* background_rect = gamez->get_background_rect(); SDL_Rect* person_rect = gamez->get_person_rect(); SDL_Surface* screen = gamez->get_screen(); SDL_Surface* background = gamez->get_background(); SDL_Surface* person = gamez->get_person(); Uint32 start, end; int sleep; while(1) { start = SDL_GetTicks(); //blit background SDL_BlitSurface(background, background_rect, screen, NULL); //blit person SDL_BlitSurface(person, NULL, screen, person_rect); end = SDL_GetTicks(); sleep = milli_period - (end - start); if(sleep < 0) { sleep = 0; } SDL_Delay((Uint32)sleep); if(SDL_Flip(gamez->get_screen()) != 0) { cout << "error drawing to screen: " << SDL_GetError() << endl; } } } Here's the link to the .zip file of all my code (please ignore some of the variable names ;-) ): Anyway can you guys take a look and tell me what you think? url edit: holy crap I didn't know 2shared was such a shitty site. Looking for a better uploader than that or rapidshare / mediafire.

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  • MEF = may experience frustration?

    - by Dave
    Well, it's not THAT bad yet. :) But I do have questions after Reed has pointed me at MEF as a potential alternative to IoC (and so far it does look pretty good). Consider the following model: As you can see, I have an App, and this app uses Plugins (whoops, missed that association!). Both the App and Plugins require usage of an object of type CandySettings, which is found in yet another assembly. I first tried to use the ComposeParts method in MEF, but the only way I could get this to work was to do something like this in the plugin code. var container = new CompositionContainer(); container.ComposeParts(this, new CandySettings()); But this doesn't make any sense, because why would I want to create the instance of CandySettings in the plugin? It should be in the App. But if I put it in the App code, then the Plugin doesn't magically figure out how to get at ICandySettings, even though I am using [Import] in the plugin, and [Export] in CandySettings. The way I did it was to use MEF's DirectoryCatalog, because this allows the plugin, when constructed, to scan all of the assemblies in the current folder and automagically import everything that is marked with the [Import] attribute. So it looks like this, and potentially in every plugin: var catalog = new DirectoryCatalog( "."); var container = new CompositionContainer( catalog); container.ComposeParts( this); This totally works great, but I can't help but think that this is not how MEF was intended to be used?

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  • Creating Dependencies Only to be able to Unit Test

    - by arin
    I just created a Manager that deals with a SuperClass that is extended all over the code base and registered with some sort of SuperClassManager (SCM). Now I would like to test my Manager that is aware of only the SuperClass. I tried to create a concrete SCM, however, that depends on a third party library and therefore I failed to do that in my jUnit test. Now the option is to mock all instances of this SCM. All is good until now, however, when my Manager deals with the SCM, it returns children of the SuperClass that my Manager does not know or care about. Nevertheless, the identities of these children are vital for my tests (for equality, etc.). Since I cannot use the concrete SCM, I have to mock the results of calls to the appropriate functions of the SCM, however, this means that my tests and therefore my Manager need to know and care about the children of the SuperClass. Checking the code base, there does not seem to be a more appropriate location for my test (that already maintains the appropriate real dependencies). Is it worth it to introduce unnecessary dependencies for the sake of unit testing?

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  • Generating code -- is there an easy way to get a proper string representation of nullable type?

    - by Cory Larson
    So I'm building an application that is going to do a ton of code generation with both C# and VB output (depending on project settings). I've got a CodeTemplateEngine, with two derived classes VBTemplateEngine and CSharpTemplateEngine. This question regards creating the property signatures based on columns in a database table. Using the IDataReader's GetSchemaTable method I gather the CLR type of the column, such as "System.Int32", and whether it IsNullable. However, I'd like to keep the code simple, and instead of having a property that looks like: public System.Int32? SomeIntegerColumn { get; set; } or public Nullable<System.Int32> SomeIntegerColumn { get; set; }, where the property type would be resolved with this function (from my VBTemplateEngine), public override string ResolveCLRType(bool? isNullable, string runtimeType) { Type type = TypeUtils.ResolveType(runtimeType); if (isNullable.HasValue && isNullable.Value == true && type.IsValueType) { return "System.Nullable(Of " + type.FullName + ")"; // or, for example... return type.FullName + "?"; } else { return type.FullName; } }, I would like to generate a simpler property. I hate the idea of building a Type string from nothing, and I would rather have something like: public int? SomeIntegerColumn { get; set; } Is there anything built-in anywhere, such as in the VBCodeProvider or CSharpCodeProvider classes that would somehow take care of this for me? Or is there a way to get a type alias of int? from a type string like System.Nullable'1[System.Int32]? Thanks!

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  • Where do I input a piece of code in Emacs?

    - by Vivi
    Hi there, I have just started using Emacs for the specific purpose of editing latex documents. I was attracted to Emacs because I want to be able to customize syntax highlighting even to the point of defining the colors of specific words. I am new to Emacs and not a programmer, so I having an extreme difficulty in doing what I want to do because most help I find assume too much knowledge for my level (it took me days just to be able to install emacs + auctex and change the first face color). I found something that I think will help me but I don't know how to do it. The post below is what I want to do, but what I am supposed to do with this code? Where should I insert it or where should I type it? I am using GNU Emacs in Windows. Thank you so much for you help :) M-x what-face will print the face found at the current point. And the code for that is: (defun what-face (pos) (interactive "d") (let ((face (or (get-char-property (point) 'read-face-name) (get-char-property (point) 'face)))) (if face (message "Face: %s" face) (message "No face at %d" pos)))) By the way, I found this in another post that can be found here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1242352/get-font-face-under-cursor-in-emacs

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  • Unable to step into interface implementation configured by unity application block

    - by Rahul
    I have configured a set of interface implementations with EntLib. unity block. The constructor of implementation classes work fine as soon as I run the application: 1. The interface to implement when I run the application the cctor runs fine, which shows that unity resolution was successful: But when I try to call a method of this class, the code just passes through without actually invoking the function of the implemented class: Edit: Added on June 11, 2012 Following is the Unity Configuration I have. (This is all the unity configuration I am doing) public class UnityControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { private static readonly IUnityContainer container; private static UnityControllerFactory factory = null; static UnityControllerFactory() { container = new UnityContainer(); UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("unity"); section.Configure(container); factory = new UnityControllerFactory(); } public static UnityControllerFactory GetControllerFactory() { return factory; } protected override IController GetControllerInstance(RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType) { return container.Resolve(controllerType) as IController; } } I am unable to step into this code and the implementation simply skips out without executing anything. What is wrong here?

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  • Return lines in input code causing gaps/whitespace between elements in output?

    - by Jenny Zhang
    I am trying to put images next to each other on a webpage. Here is my HTML: <img class="pt" src="Yellow Tulip.jpg" title="Yellow Tulip" alt="Yellow Tulip" /> <img class="pt" src="Pink Tulip.jpg" title="Pink Tulip" alt="Pink Tulip" /> <img class="pt" src="Purple Tulip.jpg" title="Purple Tulip" alt="Purple Tulip" /> However, on my webpage, this shows a gap between each image. I've noticed that once I remove the return line that makes the elements separate and readable and instead just put all the elements on one line, the gaps go away. <img class="pt" src="Yellow Tulip.jpg" title="Yellow Tulip" alt="Yellow Tulip" /><img class="pt" src="Pink Tulip.jpg" title="Pink Tulip" alt="Pink Tulip" /><img class="pt" src="Purple Tulip.jpg" title="Purple Tulip" alt="Purple Tulip" /> Is there anyway I can achieve the output of the latter but still have the code/input look like the former? I really like the readability that the return lines (enter spaces) bring to the code, but I don't want the whitespace it creates on the actual page. If someone could explain why this is and/or how to fix it, I'd be really grateful! :)

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  • How to use StructureMap to inject repository classes to the controller?

    - by Lorenzo
    In the current application I am working on I have a custom ControllerFactory class that create a controller and automatically sets the Elmah ErrorHandler. public class BaseControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory { public override IController CreateController( RequestContext requestContext, string controllerName ) { var controller = base.CreateController( requestContext, controllerName ); var c = controller as Controller; if ( c != null ) { c.ActionInvoker = new ErrorHandlingActionInvoker( new HandleErrorWithElmahAttribute() ); } return controller; } protected override IController GetControllerInstance( RequestContext requestContext, Type controllerType ) { try { if ( ( requestContext == null ) || ( controllerType == null ) ) return base.GetControllerInstance( requestContext, controllerType ); return (Controller)ObjectFactory.GetInstance( controllerType ); } catch ( StructureMapException ) { System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine( ObjectFactory.WhatDoIHave() ); throw new Exception( ObjectFactory.WhatDoIHave() ); } } } I would like to use StructureMap to inject some code in my controllers. For example I would like to automatically inject repository classes in them. I have already created my repository classes and also I have added a constructor to the controller that receive the repository class public FirmController( IContactRepository contactRepository ) { _contactRepository = contactRepository; } I have then registered the type within StructureMap ObjectFactory.Initialize( x => { x.For<IContactRepository>().Use<MyContactRepository>(); }); How should I change the code in the CreateController method to have the IContactRepository concrete class injected in the FirmController? EDIT: I have changed the BaseControllerFactory to use Structuremap. But I get an exception on the line return (Controller)ObjectFactory.GetInstance( controllerType ); Any hint?

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  • Intelligent search and generation of Java code, preferrably using Python?

    - by Ipsquiggle
    Basically, I do lots of one-off code generation, large-scale refactorings, etc. etc. in Java. My tool language of choice is Python, but I'll take whatever solutions you can offer. Here is a simplified illustration of what I would like, in a pseudocode Generating an implementation for an interface search within my project: for each Interface as iName: write class(name=iName+"Impl", implements=iName) search within the body of iName: for each Method as mName: write method(name=mName, body="// TODO implement this...") Basically, the tool I'm searching for would allow me to: parse files according to their Java structure ("search for interfaces") search for words contextualized by language elements and types ("variables of type SomeClass", "doStuff() method calls on SomeClass instances") to run searches with structural context ("within the body of the current result") easily replace or generate code (with helpers to generate, as above, or functions for replacing, "rename the interface to Foo", "insert the line Blah.Blah()", etc.) The point is, I don't want to spend a lot of time writing these things, as they are usually throwaway. But sometimes I need something just a little smarter than what grep offers. It wouldn't be too hard to write up a simplistic version of this, but if I'm going to use something like this at all, I'd expect it to be robust. Any suggestions of a tool/library that will help me accomplish this?

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  • Code Contracts: Hiding ContractException

    - by DigiMortal
    It’s time to move on and improve my randomizer I wrote for an example of static checking of code contracts. In this posting I will modify contracts and give some explanations about pre-conditions and post-conditions. Also I will show you how to avoid ContractExceptions and how to replace them with your own exceptions. As a first thing let’s take a look at my randomizer. public class Randomizer {     public static int GetRandomFromRange(int min, int max)     {         var rnd = new Random();         return rnd.Next(min, max);     }       public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max)     {         Contract.Requires(min < max, "Min must be less than max");           var rnd = new Random();         return rnd.Next(min, max);     } } We have some problems here. We need contract for method output and we also need some better exception handling mechanism. As ContractException as type is hidden from us we have to switch from ContractException to some other Exception type that we can catch. Adding post-condition Pre-conditions are contracts for method’s input interface. Read it as follows: pre-conditions make sure that all conditions for method’s successful run are met. Post-conditions are contracts for output interface of method. So, post-conditions are for output arguments and return value. My code misses the post-condition that checks return value. Return value in this case must be greater or equal to minimum value and less or equal to maximum value. To make sure that method can run only the correct value I added call to Contract.Ensures() method. public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) {     Contract.Requires(min < max, "Min must be less than max");       Contract.Ensures(         Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&         Contract.Result<int>() <= max,         "Return value is out of range"     );       var rnd = new Random();     return rnd.Next(min, max); } I think that the line I added does not need any further comments. Avoiding ContractException for input interface ContractException lives in hidden namespace and we cannot see it at design time. But it is common exception type for all contract exceptions that we do not switch over to some other type. The case of Contract.Requires() method is simple: we can tell it what kind of exception we need if something goes wrong with contract it ensures. public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) {     Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(         min < max,         "Min must be less than max"     );       Contract.Ensures(         Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&         Contract.Result<int>() <= max,         "Return value is out of range"     );       var rnd = new Random();     return rnd.Next(min, max); } Now, if we violate the input interface contract giving min value that is not less than max value we get ArgumentOutOfRangeException. Avoiding ContractException for output interface Output interface is more complex to control. We cannot give exception type there and hope that this type of exception will be thrown if something goes wrong. Instead we have to use delegate that gathers information about problem and throws the exception we expect to be thrown. From documentation you can find the following example about the delegate I mentioned. Contract.ContractFailed += (sender, e) => {     e.SetHandled();     e.SetUnwind(); // cause code to abort after event     Assert.Fail(e.FailureKind.ToString() + ":" + e.DebugMessage); }; We can use this delegate to throw the Exception. Let’s move the code to separate method too. Here is our method that uses now ContractException hiding. public static int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) {     Contract.Requires(min < max, "Min must be less than max");       Contract.Ensures(         Contract.Result<int>() >= min &&         Contract.Result<int>() <= max,         "Return value is out of range"     );     Contract.ContractFailed += Contract_ContractFailed;       var rnd = new Random();     return rnd.Next(min, max)+1000; } And here is the delegate that creates exception. public static void Contract_ContractFailed(object sender,     ContractFailedEventArgs e) {     e.SetHandled();     e.SetUnwind();       throw new Exception(e.FailureKind.ToString() + ":" + e.Message); } Basically we can do in this delegate whatever we like to do with output interface errors. We can even introduce our own contract exception type. As you can see later then ContractFailed event is very useful at unit testing.

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  • Hooking DirectX EndScene from an injected DLL

    - by Etan
    I want to detour EndScene from an arbitrary DirectX 9 application to create a small overlay. As an example, you could take the frame counter overlay of FRAPS, which is shown in games when activated. I know the following methods to do this: Creating a new d3d9.dll, which is then copied to the games path. Since the current folder is searched first, before going to system32 etc., my modified DLL gets loaded, executing my additional code. Downside: You have to put it there before you start the game. Same as the first method, but replacing the DLL in system32 directly. Downside: You cannot add game specific code. You cannot exclude applications where you don't want your DLL to be loaded. Getting the EndScene offset directly from the DLL using tools like IDA Pro 4.9 Free. Since the DLL gets loaded as is, you can just add this offset to the DLL starting address, when it is mapped to the game, to get the actual offset, and then hook it. Downside: The offset is not the same on every system. Hooking Direct3DCreate9 to get the D3D9, then hooking D3D9-CreateDevice to get the device pointer, and then hooking Device-EndScene through the virtual table. Downside: The DLL cannot be injected, when the process is already running. You have to start the process with the CREATE_SUSPENDED flag to hook the initial Direct3DCreate9. Creating a new Device in a new window, as soon as the DLL gets injected. Then, getting the EndScene offset from this device and hooking it, resulting in a hook for the device which is used by the game. Downside: as of some information I have read, creating a second device may interfere with the existing device, and it may bug with windowed vs. fullscreen mode etc. Same as the third method. However, you'll do a pattern scan to get EndScene. Downside: doesn't look that reliable. How can I hook EndScene from an injected DLL, which may be loaded when the game is already running, without having to deal with different d3d9.dll's on other systems, and with a method which is reliable? How does FRAPS for example perform it's DirectX hooks? The DLL should not apply to all games, just to specific processes where I inject it via CreateRemoteThread.

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  • How to use Ninject with XNA?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm having difficulty integrating Ninject with XNA. static class Program { /** * The main entry point for the application. */ static void Main(string[] args) { IKernel kernel = new StandardKernel(NinjectModuleManager.GetModules()); CachedContentLoader content = kernel.Get<CachedContentLoader>(); // stack overflow here MasterEngine game = kernel.Get<MasterEngine>(); game.Run(); } } // constructor for the game public MasterEngine(IKernel kernel) : base(kernel) { this.inputReader = kernel.Get<IInputReader>(); graphicsDeviceManager = kernel.Get<GraphicsDeviceManager>(); Components.Add(kernel.Get<GamerServicesComponent>()); // Tell the loader to look for all files relative to the "Content" directory. Assets = kernel.Get<CachedContentLoader>(); //Sets dimensions of the game window graphicsDeviceManager.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 800; graphicsDeviceManager.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 600; graphicsDeviceManager.ApplyChanges(); IsMouseVisible = false; } Ninject.cs: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Ninject.Modules; using HWAlphaRelease.Controller; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Nuclex.DependencyInjection.Demo.Scaffolding; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; namespace HWAlphaRelease { public static class NinjectModuleManager { public static NinjectModule[] GetModules() { return new NinjectModule[1] { new GameModule() }; } /// <summary>Dependency injection rules for the main game instance</summary> public class GameModule : NinjectModule { #region class ServiceProviderAdapter /// <summary>Delegates to the game's built-in service provider</summary> /// <remarks> /// <para> /// When a class' constructor requires an IServiceProvider, the dependency /// injector cannot just construct a new one and wouldn't know that it has /// to create an instance of the Game class (or take it from the existing /// Game instance). /// </para> /// <para> /// The solution, then, is this small adapter that takes a Game instance /// and acts as if it was a freely constructable IServiceProvider implementation /// while in reality, it delegates all lookups to the Game's service container. /// </para> /// </remarks> private class ServiceProviderAdapter : IServiceProvider { /// <summary>Initializes a new service provider adapter for the game</summary> /// <param name="game">Game the service provider will be taken from</param> public ServiceProviderAdapter(Game game) { this.gameServices = game.Services; } /// <summary>Retrieves a service from the game service container</summary> /// <param name="serviceType">Type of the service that will be retrieved</param> /// <returns>The service that has been requested</returns> public object GetService(Type serviceType) { return this.gameServices; } /// <summary>Game services container of the Game instance</summary> private GameServiceContainer gameServices; } #endregion // class ServiceProviderAdapter #region class ContentManagerAdapter /// <summary>Delegates to the game's built-in ContentManager</summary> /// <remarks> /// This provides shared access to the game's ContentManager. A dependency /// injected class only needs to require the ISharedContentService in its /// constructor and the dependency injector will automatically resolve it /// to this adapter, which delegates to the Game's built-in content manager. /// </remarks> private class ContentManagerAdapter : ISharedContentService { /// <summary>Initializes a new shared content manager adapter</summary> /// <param name="game">Game the content manager will be taken from</param> public ContentManagerAdapter(Game game) { this.contentManager = game.Content; } /// <summary>Loads or accesses shared game content</summary> /// <typeparam name="AssetType">Type of the asset to be loaded or accessed</typeparam> /// <param name="assetName">Path and name of the requested asset</param> /// <returns>The requested asset from the the shared game content store</returns> public AssetType Load<AssetType>(string assetName) { return this.contentManager.Load<AssetType>(assetName); } /// <summary>The content manager this instance delegates to</summary> private ContentManager contentManager; } #endregion // class ContentManagerAdapter /// <summary>Initializes the dependency configuration</summary> public override void Load() { // Allows access to the game class for any components with a dependency // on the 'Game' or 'DependencyInjectionGame' classes. Bind<MasterEngine>().ToSelf().InSingletonScope(); Bind<NinjectGame>().To<MasterEngine>().InSingletonScope(); Bind<Game>().To<MasterEngine>().InSingletonScope(); // Let the dependency injector construct a graphics device manager for // all components depending on the IGraphicsDeviceService and // IGraphicsDeviceManager interfaces Bind<GraphicsDeviceManager>().ToSelf().InSingletonScope(); Bind<IGraphicsDeviceService>().To<GraphicsDeviceManager>().InSingletonScope(); Bind<IGraphicsDeviceManager>().To<GraphicsDeviceManager>().InSingletonScope(); // Some clever adapters that hand out the Game's IServiceProvider and allow // access to its built-in ContentManager Bind<IServiceProvider>().To<ServiceProviderAdapter>().InSingletonScope(); Bind<ISharedContentService>().To<ContentManagerAdapter>().InSingletonScope(); Bind<IInputReader>().To<UserInputReader>().InSingletonScope().WithConstructorArgument("keyMapping", Constants.DEFAULT_KEY_MAPPING); Bind<CachedContentLoader>().ToSelf().InSingletonScope().WithConstructorArgument("rootDir", "Content"); } } } } NinjectGame.cs /// <summary>Base class for Games making use of Ninject</summary> public class NinjectGame : Game { /// <summary>Initializes a new Ninject game instance</summary> /// <param name="kernel">Kernel the game has been created by</param> public NinjectGame(IKernel kernel) { Type ownType = this.GetType(); if(ownType != typeof(Game)) { kernel.Bind<NinjectGame>().To<MasterEngine>().InSingletonScope(); } kernel.Bind<Game>().To<NinjectGame>().InSingletonScope(); } } } // namespace Nuclex.DependencyInjection.Demo.Scaffolding When I try to get the CachedContentLoader, I get a stack overflow exception. I'm basing this off of this tutorial, but I really have no idea what I'm doing. Help?

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  • Does EF 4 Code First's ContextBuilder Dispose its SqlConnection?

    - by Eric J.
    Looking at Code First in ADO.Net EF 4 CTP 3 and wondered how the SqlConnection in their walkthrough is disposed. Is that the responsibility of ContextBuilder? Is it missing from the example? var connection = new SqlConnection(DB_CONN); var builder = new ContextBuilder<BloggingModel>(); var connection = new SqlConnection(DB_CONN); using (var ctx = builder.Create(connection)) { //... }

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  • How do I export a PFX Code Signing Key to SPC and PVK under Windows 7?

    - by Greg Finzer
    I have a code signing key in PFX format that I need to export into SPC and PVK files. I tried to install the OpenSSL from Shining light but the install fails under Windows 7. http://www.shininglightpro.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html Here are the instructions I am using from Comodo as a basis: https://support.comodo.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=1089 Anyone know of an alternate way to do this?

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  • xcode 3.2 c++: how can i enable a proper code completion?

    - by ufk
    Hiya. I have snow leopard and I'm building a cpp Application with xcode. I would like to be able to get proper code completion with xcode, and by that i mean the following: std::string f; f. just when I type f. i would like to see all the relevant functions to that string class. is it possible in xcode ?

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  • Simple Inversion of Control framework for Java/Scala

    - by Alexey Romanov
    I am looking for a simple to use IoC container for GUI applications written in Java/Scala. It should support Convention over Configuration, lifecycle management, configuration in code (preferably without any XML needed at all), and checking dependencies at compile-time as much as possible. Something similar to Autofac would be perfect.

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  • Is there any way to find unreferenced code in Flex Builder?

    - by Andrew Aylett
    We've got several Flex projects, one of which has just been refactored. I'm wondering if there's an easy way to tell which classes and functions (if any) aren't being used any more? I've discovered that we've definitely got some unused code, because running ASDoc on the entire project reports some compilation errors which don't get reported by Flex Builder (implying that those classes aren't being used any more). I'm hoping to find a more robust and complete method, and preferably one which can work at function level too.

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