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  • Understanding Linux SCSI queue depths

    - by Troels Arvin
    I'm experimenting with the effects of different SCSI queue depth values on a Dell server running CentOS Linux 5.4 (x86_64). The server has two QLogic QLE2560 FC HBAs connected via multipathing to a storage system. The storage system has allocated two LUNs to the server, each connected through four paths in an active-active-active-active round-robin configuration. All in all, the two LUNs exist as eight /dev/sdX devices, represented by two devices in /dev/mpath. I currently adjust the queue depth values in /etc/modprobe.conf and check the result (after rebooting) by looking in the seventh column of /proc/scsi/sg/devices. Two questions related to that: Is there a way to adjust queue depths without rebooting or unloading the qla2xxx kernel module? E.g., can I echo a new queue depth value into some /proc or /sys-like file to update the queue depth? If I set the queue depth to 128, is that 128 in total for all devices handled by the qla2xxx module?, or 128 for each HBA? (256 in total), or 128 for each of the eight /dev/sdX devices (1024 in toal)?, or 128 for each of the two /dev/mpath/... devices (256 in total)? This is important for me to know so that my server doesn't flood the storage system, affecting other servers connected to it.

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  • openvpn TCP/UDP slow SSH/SMB performance

    - by Petr Latal
    I have question about strange behavior of my openVPN configuration on Debian lenny. I have 2 server configs (one proto tcp-server based and one proto udp based). ISP bandwidth is 7Mbit/7Mbit. When I uses proto tcp-server my download server rate is fine around 6,4 Mbit/s, but upload rate is about 3Mbit/s. When I uses proto udp, my download server rate is around 3Mbit/s and upload rate around 6,4Mbit/s. I tried to handle the MTU, MSSFIX and cipher on/off on server and client configs to synchronize rates, but without solution. Here is TCP based SERVER config: mode server tls-server port 1194 proto tcp-server dev tap0 ifconfig 11.10.15.1 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool 11.10.15.2 11.10.15.20 255.255.255.0 push "route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0" push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.1.200" push "route-gateway 11.10.15.1" push "dhcp-option WINS 192.168.1.200" route-up /etc/openvpn/routeup.sh duplicate-cn ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/dh2048.pem log-append /var/log/openvpn.log status /var/run/vpn.status 10 user nobody group nogroup keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo verb 3 script-security 3 plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so system-auth persist-tun persist-key mssfix cipher BF-CBC Here is UDP based SERVER config: port 1194 proto udp dev tun0 local xx.xx.xx.xx server 11.10.15.0 255.255.255.0 ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/dh2048.pem log-append /var/log/openvpn.log status /var/run/vpn.status 10 user nobody group nogroup keepalive 10 120 comp-lzo verb 3 duplicate-cn script-security 3 plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so system-auth persist-tun persist-key tun-mtu 1500 mssfix 1212 client-to-client ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt Here is TCP/UDP based windows CLIENT config: remote xx.xx.xx.xx --socket-flags TCP_NODELAY tls-client port 1194 proto tcp-client #proto udp dev tap #dev tun pull ca ca.crt cert latis.crt key latis.key mute 0 comp-lzo adaptive verb 3 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key auth-user-pass auth-nocache script-security 2 mssfix cipher BF-CBC

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  • CentOS 5.5 ext4 conversion problem - ext4 partition is recognized as ext3

    - by FractalizeR
    Hello. I had 5.4 machine. Upgraded to 5.5 today via yum upgrade. All went fine. Rebooted. Wanted to convert root partition to ext4 (I have three partitions: /boot, / and swap). All of them on software RAID 1 (root is /dev/md2). I did the following for converting yum install e4fsprogs tune2fs -O extents,uninit_bg,dir_index /dev/md2 nano /etc/fstab # I indicated here that my /dev/md2 is of ext4 uname -a mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.3.1.el5.img 2.6.18-194.3.1.el5 Rebooted. I expected fsck to start automatically as said on some site. But it did not. Threw some error (don't remember exactly which). Ok, I booted linux rescue and executed fsck: fsck -t ext4 -fy /dev/md2 Partition went fine. But still when I boot main system, it says in log: "ext3-fs:" then something about not being able to mount ext3 partition due to unknown extended attributed (200). I booted linux rescue again. It loads fine and correctly determines all my machine partitions both ext3 (boot) and ext4 (/) under /mnt/sysimage just fine. I retried mkinitrd thing again watching it's output and ensured ext4 module is included into the system. I also edited menu.lst grub file to include rootfstype=ext4 kernel parameter. Bad luck. I still have message from ext3-fs about not being able to mount filesystem because of attributes and kernel panic immediately after. I checked /etc/fstab - it's fine and saying that root is of ext4. What did I do wrong? This machine is empty so I can just reformat it with 5.5 and recreate partitions to be originally ext4. But... I just want to know what did I do wrong.

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  • Bad Blocks Exist in Virtual Device PERC H700 Integrated

    - by neoX
    I have a DELL server with PERC H700 Integrated controller. I've made RAID5 with 12 harddrives and the virtual device is in Optimal state, but I receive such errors under linux: sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] Unhandled error code sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=0x00 sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] CDB: cdb[0]=0x88: 88 00 00 00 00 07 22 50 bd 98 00 00 00 08 00 00 end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 30640487832 sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] Unhandled error code sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=0x00 sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] CDB: cdb[0]=0x88: 88 00 00 00 00 07 22 50 bd 98 00 00 00 08 00 00 end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 30640487832 sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] Unhandled error code sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=0x00 sd 0:2:0:0: [sda] CDB: cdb[0]=0x88: 88 00 00 00 00 07 22 50 bc e0 00 00 01 00 00 00 end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 30640487648 But all disk are in Firmware state: Online, Spun Up. Also there is not a single ATA read or write error in any disk in the raid (I check them with smartctl -a -d sat+megaraid,N -H /dev/sda). The only strange thing is in the output in megacli: megacli -LDInfo -L0 -a0 ... Bad Blocks Exist: Yes How could there be bad blocks in a Virtual Drive, which is in optimal state and no disk is broken or even with a single error? I tried "Consistency Check", but it finished successfully and the errors are still in dmesg. Could Someone help me to figure it out what is wrong with my raid?

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  • Preseeding Ubuntu partman recipe using LVM and RAID

    - by Swav
    I'm trying to preseed Ubuntu 12.04 server installation and created a recipe that would create RAID 1 on 2 drives and then partition that using LVM. Unfortunately partman complains when creating LVM volumes saying there no partitions in recipe that could be used with LVM (in console it complains about unusable recipe). The layout I'm after is RAID 1 on sdb and sdc (installing from USB stick so it takes sda) and then use LVM to create boot, root and swap. The odd thing is that if I change the mount point of boot_lv to home the recipe works fine (apart from mounting in wrong place), but when mounting at /boot it fails I know I could use separate /boot primary partition, but can anybody tell me why it fails. Recipe and relevant options below. ## Partitioning using RAID d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sdb /dev/sdc d-i partman-auto/method string raid d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true #d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true d-i partman-auto-lvm/new_vg_name string main_vg d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \ multiraid :: \ 100 512 -1 raid \ $lvmignore{ } \ $primary{ } \ method{ raid } \ . \ 256 512 256 ext3 \ $defaultignore{ } \ $lvmok{ } \ method{ format } \ format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } \ filesystem{ ext3 } \ mountpoint{ /boot } \ lv_name{ boot_lv } \ . \ 2000 5000 -1 ext4 \ $defaultignore{ } \ $lvmok{ } \ method{ format } \ format{ } \ use_filesystem{ } \ filesystem{ ext4 } \ mountpoint{ / } \ lv_name{ root_lv } \ . \ 64 512 300% linux-swap \ $defaultignore{ } \ $lvmok{ } \ method{ swap } \ format{ } \ lv_name{ swap_lv } \ . d-i partman-auto-raid/recipe string \ 1 2 0 lvm - \ /dev/sdb1#/dev/sdc1 \ . d-i mdadm/boot_degraded boolean true #d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true #d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true #d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk #d-i partman/confirm boolean true #d-i partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true #d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true EDIT: After a bit of googling I found below snippet of code from partman-auto-lvm, but I still don't understand why would they prevent that setup if it's possible to do manually and booting from boot partition on LVM is possible. # Make sure a boot partition isn't marked as lvmok if echo "$scheme" | grep lvmok | grep -q "[[:space:]]/boot[[:space:]]"; then bail_out unusable_recipe fi

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  • Distributed development staff needing a common IP range

    - by bakasan
    I work on a development staff that is geographically distributed, mostly all throughout the state of CA, but several key members also must travel frequently. We rely quite heavily on a 3rd party provider API for a great deal of our subsystems (can't get into who it is or what they do). The 3rd party however is quite stringent on network access and have no notion of a development sandbox. Access is restricted to 2, 3 IP numbers and that's about it. Once we account for our production servers, that leaves us with an IP or two to spare for our dev team--which is still problematic as people's home IP changes, people travel, we have more than 2 devs, etc. Wide IP blocks are not permitted by the 3rd party. Nor will they allow dynamic DNS type services. There is no simple console to swap IPs on the fly either (e.g. if a dev's IP at home changes or they are on the road). As none of us are deep network experts, I'm wondering what our viable options are? Are there such things as 3rd party hosts to VPNs? Generally I think of a VPN as a mechanism to gain access to a home office, but the notion would be a 3rd party VPN that we'd all connect to and we'd register this as an IP origin w/ our 3rd party. We've considered using Amazon EC2 to effectively host a dev environment for each dev and using that to connect. Amazon only gives you so many static IPs however (I believe 5?) so this would only be a stop gap solution until our team size out strips our IP count at Amazon. Those were the only viable thoughts that I had, but again, I'm far from a networking guy. Tried searching for similar threads, but I'm not even sure I know the right vernacular to look around for.

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  • Two hosting providers running simultaneously... possible / not possible? good practice / unnecessary?

    - by user29600
    For the sake of their reputation, I won't mention the names. But I'll just use: Business I worked for previously - ABC Web Dev Hosting company they used - XYZ Hosting I recently found out that XYZ Hosting had some sort of incident where they ended up losing a lot of their client's data - including ABC Web Dev's. ABC Web Dev was able to recover some of their customer's websites, after pulling them from their local development computers and putting them up on another hosting provider. They ended up losing a lot of clients because of it and their reputation ruined. I'm starting my own web dev company and I don't want to run into this same issue. I'm planning on using Rackspace but, although they are a great company, according to wikipedia they still have had downtime in their past. I thought it might be a good idea to try to run two providers at once, to ensure that if anything happened in one the websites would still be live because of the other. I know the websites would have to be pulling from one server at all times, but if there's a way to redirect requests to the second server if the first one is down that would solve my issue. As a note, we will have a staging environment setup locally which will allow for quick recovery if a provider did have any issues, however I'd like to avoid any downtime at all if possible. So my questions are: Has anyone tried running two providers simultaneously? Would this be considered good practice or am I going too far? Is there really any way to run two simultaneously where one server acts as a backup?

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  • Howo to get Multipath IO with Dell MD3600i into active/active setup?

    - by Disco
    I'm desperately trying to improve performance of my SAN connection. Here's what i have: [root@xnode1 dell]# multipath -ll mpath1 (36d4ae520009bd7cc0000030e4fe8230b) dm-2 DELL,MD36xxi [size=5.5T][features=3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50][hwhandler=1 rdac][rw] \_ round-robin 0 [prio=200][active] \_ 18:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 [active][ready] \_ 19:0:0:0 sdd 8:48 [active][ghost] \_ 20:0:0:0 sdf 8:80 [active][ghost] \_ 21:0:0:0 sdh 8:112 [active][ready] And multipath.conf : defaults { udev_dir /dev polling_interval 5 prio_callout none rr_min_io 100 max_fds 8192 user_friendly_names yes path_grouping_policy multibus default_features "1 fail_if_no_path" } blacklist { device { vendor "*" product "Universal Xport" } } devices { device { vendor "DELL" product "MD36xxi" path_checker rdac path_selector "round-robin 0" hardware_handler "1 rdac" failback immediate features "2 pg_init_retries 50" no_path_retry 30 rr_min_io 100 prio_callout "/sbin/mpath_prio_rdac /dev/%n" } } And sessions. [root@xnode1 dell]# iscsiadm -m session tcp: [13] 10.0.51.220:3260,1 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c tcp: [14] 10.0.50.221:3260,2 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c tcp: [15] 10.0.51.221:3260,2 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c tcp: [16] 10.0.50.220:3260,1 iqn.1984-05.com.dell:powervault.md3600i.6d4ae520009bd7cc000000004fd7507c I'm getting very poor read performance : dd if=/dev/mapper/mpath1 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1000 The SAN is configured as follows: CTRL0,PORT0 : 10.0.50.220 CTRL0,PORT1 : 10.0.50.221 CTRL1,PORT0 : 10.0.51.220 CTRL1,PORT1 : 10.0.51.221 And on the host : IF0 : 10.0.50.1 IF1 : 10.0.51.1 (Dual 10GbE Ethernet Card Intel DA2) It's connected to a 10gbE switch dedicated for SAN traffic. My questions being; why the connection is set up as 'ghost' and not 'ready' like an active/active configuration ?

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  • Tomato OS: "memory exhausted" running vi .... how to solve?

    - by Sam Jones
    I have set up tomato (shibby) on an asus RT-N66U router. It works great. I loaded up a few pieces, like transmission and optware. I can run vi, but when I run vi it fails with a "memory exhausted" error, and the terminal session hangs. For reference: If I simply start "vi" it runs fine. But if I specify vi I get the memory exhausted error, even if the file I am opening is just a couple of hundred bytes in size (like fstab). I discovered that my swap partition was not properly set up, so I did that. The swapon command now indicates I really do have a swap: [root@MyRouter samba]$ swapon -s Filename Type Size Used Priority /dev/sda1 partition 32900860 0 1 How can I get vi to work? Thanks! System setup reference information: asus RT-N66U router 2TB usb hard drive partitions on hard drive: Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398839808 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30400 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 4096 = 65802240 bytes Disk identifier: 0xfacbc8ab Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 512 32900868 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 513 29000 1830638880 83 Linux running samba memory: $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 255840 kB MemFree: 210980 kB Buffers: 5264 kB Cached: 22768 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 20272 kB Inactive: 11448 kB HighTotal: 131072 kB HighFree: 99868 kB LowTotal: 124768 kB LowFree: 111112 kB SwapTotal: 32900860 kB SwapFree: 32900860 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB TIA!

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  • A Domain Admin user doesn't have effective Administrative rights on a Domain Computer

    - by rwetzeler
    I am a developer who is setting up a virtual domain environment of testing purposes and am having trouble with the setup. I have created a new DC on a new Forest... call it dev.contoso.com. I have setup a virtual internal network for all machines that are going to be apart of this virtual test environment and have given each machine a static IP address in the 192.169.150.0 subnet. I have added machine1.dev.contoso.com to the domain dev.contoso.com. I have also provisioned a user account (adminuser) in the domain and made that user a member of Domain Admins group. Upon logging into machine1 using my newly created Domain Admin account, I cannot access/run any files on machine1. When I go into the advanced permissions for the c:\ folder and goto properties - Security Tab - Advanced - Effective Permissions and search for the dev\adminuser (mentioned above), I get an error saying: Windows can't calculate the effective permissions for admin user What do I need to do to get Administrative rights on Machine1? I am using Server 2008 R2 for both the AD controller and machine1.

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  • Samba 3.5 Shadow Copy for Windows 7

    - by Prashanth Sundaram
    Over the past several days I have been trying to get the shadow to work with samba but haven’t been successful. Can someone check below config and let me know if I am missing something? We are using Equallogic SAN and iSCSI LUNS to mount volumes. I can cleanly access samba shares on Windows 7 clients but just not shadow copy. I have referred the official how-to but couldn’t get it to work. I see these messages in the logs. Any help is deeply appreciated. [2012/10/31 12:20:53.549863, 0] smbd/nttrans.c:2170(call_nt_transact_ioctl) FSCTL_GET_SHADOW_COPY_DATA: connectpath /fs/test-01, failed. [2012/10/31 12:21:13.887198, 0] modules/vfs_shadow_copy2.c:734(shadow_copy2_get_shadow_copy2_data) shadow:snapdir not found for /fs/test-01 in get_shadow_copy_data [2012/10/31 12:21:13.887265, 0] smbd/nttrans.c:2170(call_nt_transact_ioctl) FSCTL_GET_SHADOW_COPY_DATA: connectpath /fs/test-01, failed. == Samba pkgs == samba-3.5.10-116.el6_2.x86_64 samba-common-3.5.10-116.el6_2.x86_64 samba-winbind-clients-3.5.10-116.el6_2.x86_64 samba-client-3.5.10-116.el6_2.x86_64 === df –h == First is the iSCSI LUN and 2 others are snapshots. /dev/mapper/eql-0-fs-test01 5.0G 2.3G 2.5G 48% /fs/test-01 /dev/mapper/eql-2-0+fs-test01 5.0G 2.3G 2.5G 48% /fs/test-01/@GMT-2012.10.26-17.32.42/fs/test-01 (SNAPSHOT-1) /dev/mapper/eql-d-0+fs-test01 5.0G 2.3G 2.5G 48% /fs/test-01/@GMT-2012.10.31-11.52.42/fs/test-01 (SNAPSHOT- 2) ===/etc/samba/smb.conf === [global] workgroup = DOMAIN server string = Samba Server Version %v security = ads realm = DOMAIN.CORP encrypt passwords = yes guest account = nobody map to guest = bad uid log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log domain master = no local master = no preferred master = no os level = 0 load printers = no show add printer wizard = no printable = no printcap name = /dev/null disable spoolss = yes follow symlinks = yes wide links = yes unix extensions = no [test] comment = Test Directories path = /fs/test-01 vfs objects = shadow_copy2 #shadow_copy2: sort = desc #shadow: localtime = yes #shadow: snapdir = /fs/test-01/test #shadow: basedir = /fs/test-01 guest ok = yes writeable = yes map archive = no force create mode = 0660 force directory mode = 2770 inherit owner = yes inherit permissions = yes All feedback is welcome. Thanks!

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  • Linux machine can't find its tape drive

    - by Kyle Hodgson
    I have an older HP NetServer LPr with what is apparently a Symbios SCSI card connecting to a Quantum SuperLoader 3 that is DLT based. From time to time, we seem to lose the connection to the autoloader. It's usually due to flaky power, but not totally sure why; sometimes when this happens the Autoloader's LED's are orange and it needs to be power cycled. The annoying workaround currently is to reboot the machine. As it is our production VPN and DNS server in addition to being our backup server, this is less than optimal. In Debian (Sarge) is there not some command one can type to get the card to notice that it has the autoloader connected again? dcr1:/proc# grep -i symbios /proc/pci SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c895 (rev 1). dcr1:/proc# uname -a Linux dcr1 2.4.27-3-686 #1 Tue Dec 5 21:03:54 UTC 2006 i686 GNU/Linux dcr1:/proc# mt status mt: /dev/tape: No such device dcr1:/proc# ls -l /dev/tape lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 2007-02-07 16:01 /dev/tape -> /dev/st0 dcr1:/proc# That mt status command will show the actual st0 status when things are working correctly. The No such device message is usually the second clue that we need to reboot - the first clue is usually that the backups didn't run.

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  • auth.log is empty (Ubuntu)

    - by Vinicius Pinto
    The /var/log/auth.log file in my Ubuntu 9.04 is empty. syslogd is running and /etc/syslog.conf content is as follows. Any help? Thanks. # /etc/syslog.conf Configuration file for syslogd. # # For more information see syslog.conf(5) # manpage. # # First some standard logfiles. Log by facility. # auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log *.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog #cron.* /var/log/cron.log daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log kern.* -/var/log/kern.log lpr.* -/var/log/lpr.log mail.* -/var/log/mail.log user.* -/var/log/user.log # # Logging for the mail system. Split it up so that # it is easy to write scripts to parse these files. # mail.info -/var/log/mail.info mail.warning -/var/log/mail.warn mail.err /var/log/mail.err # Logging for INN news system # news.crit /var/log/news/news.crit news.err /var/log/news/news.err news.notice -/var/log/news/news.notice # # Some `catch-all' logfiles. # *.=debug;\ auth,authpriv.none;\ news.none;mail.none -/var/log/debug *.=info;*.=notice;*.=warning;\ auth,authpriv.none;\ cron,daemon.none;\ mail,news.none -/var/log/messages # # Emergencies are sent to everybody logged in. # *.emerg * # # I like to have messages displayed on the console, but only on a virtual # console I usually leave idle. # #daemon,mail.*;\ # news.=crit;news.=err;news.=notice;\ # *.=debug;*.=info;\ # *.=notice;*.=warning /dev/tty8 # The named pipe /dev/xconsole is for the `xconsole' utility. To use it, # you must invoke `xconsole' with the `-file' option: # # $ xconsole -file /dev/xconsole [...] # # NOTE: adjust the list below, or you'll go crazy if you have a reasonably # busy site.. # daemon.*;mail.*;\ news.err;\ *.=debug;*.=info;\ *.=notice;*.=warning |/dev/xconsole

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  • How to direct reverse proxy requests using wildcard vhosts

    - by HonoredMule
    I'm interested in running a reverse proxy with 2-3 virtual machines behind it. Each internal server will run multiple virtual hosts, and rather than manually configuring each individual vhost on the proxy (a variety of vhosts come and go too often for this to be practical), I would like to use something which can employ pattern matching in a sequential order to find the appropriate back-end server. For example: Server 1: *.dev.mysite.com Server 2: *.stage.mysite.com Server 3: *.mysite.com, dev.mysite.com, stage.mysite.com, mysite.com Server 4: * In the above configuration, task.dev.mysite.com would go to Server 1, dev.mysite.com would go to Server 3, yoursite.stage.mysite.com to Server 2, www.mysite.com to Server 3, and yoursite.com to Server 4. I've looked into using Squid, Varnish, and nginx so far. I have my opinions regarding their respective desirability and general suitability, but it's not readily apparent if any of them can handle dynamic server selection in this manner and not require per-vhost configuration. Apache on the other hand can do this handily and simply, but otherwise (aside from being well-known and familiar) seems very poorly suited to the partly-performance-serving task. Performance isn't actually a major concern yet, but it seems foolish to use Apache if another system will perform far better and can also handle the desired 'hands-free' configuration. But so is frequently having to adjust the gateway for all production services and risk network-wide outage...and so also is setting oneself up for longer downtime later if Apache becomes a too-small bottleneck. Which of these (or other) reverse proxies can do it/would do it best? And maybe I should post this as a separate question, but if Apache is the only practical option, how safe/reliable/predictable is apache-mpm-event in apache2.2 (Ubuntu 12.04.1) particularly for a dedicated reverse proxy? As I understand it the Event MPM was declared "safe" as of 2.4 but it's unclear whether reaching stability in 2.4 has any implications for the older (2.2) versions available in official/stable package channels of various distros.

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  • QNAP NAS 509 (LINUX) - how to unmout busy volume and find physical disk?

    - by Horst Walter
    On my NAS QNAP TS 509 I do have a technical issue. I need to run e2fsck. This works fine for me on md0 (see below), but how can I unmount the busy devices md9 and sda4 in order to do the same. Whenever I try, I fail because the device is busy. [This part is solved, see below] In order to further track down the issue, I'd need to sort out the physical disk to device relationship. How can I find out this, e.g. md0 is a stripped volume on 2 disk (but I need to find out on what physical disk). Remark: As you can easily derive from my questions, I am not a Linux expert, but manage to get along. /dev/ram0 124.0M 94.1M 29.8M 76% / tmpfs 32.0M 80.0k 31.9M 0% /tmp /dev/sda4 310.0M 103.9M 206.1M 34% /mnt/ext /dev/md9 509.5M 39.2M 470.2M 8% /mnt/HDA_ROOT /dev/md0 1.8T 1.4T 444.7G 76% /share/MD0_DATA tmpfs 32.0M 0 32.0M 0% /.eaccelerator.tmp -- Added -- QNAP seems to be based on Busybox. I do not find something like init / telinit / runlevel. At busybox docs it says that I need to run the below. But in /var/service sv is not available. I want to go to single user mode to unmount the devices. # cd /var/service # sv d * # sv u getty* -- Added, thanks A4L -- This QNAP Box runs a special flavor of Linux, so not all SOPs do apply. In my particular case I found a services.sh script, stopping all services. After that the drive could be unmounted. The information passed by A4L is valid and worth reading it, maybe I'll profit from it next time. Links: http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/19918/umount-device-is-busy and http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/15024/umount-device-is-busy-why So the unmount issue is solved, still looking for the best option to find the physical to volume mapping.

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  • Resize a RAID 1 volume on OSX Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

    - by Emmel
    I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OSX 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable...), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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  • GlassFish v3: Security related updates + Repository/Publisher?

    - by chris_l
    I've used GlassFish v3.0 as my main development application server for a few weeks now. Now that I want to install it on my VPS, I'd like to get the latest security updates, because Glassfish v3 Release 3.0 (Open Source Edition or not) is already a few months old, and v3.1 is only available as "early access" nightlies (see https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/downloadsindex.html). GlassFish offers an update mechanism (via pkg or updateTool), but when I simply try to get the latest updates (pkg image-update), it finds nothing. However, when I change the preferred publisher to dev.glassfish.org, I get a list with lots of updates. The interesting thing is, that I haven't been able to find any description about the contents of the diverse publishers/repositories (release, stable, contrib and dev) anywhere on the web, most importantly answering the question: Am I supposed to use the dev repository for security updates, or does it contain unstable updates? (The name suggests unstable updates, but the version numbers, like "3.0.1,0-11:20100331T082227Z" leave me guessing. The build is more than a week old, so it's obviously not "nightly" or "weekly", but what is it?) Where do I get security updates from then? Or are there simply no security updates yet? Asking on the GlassFish forum resulted in 56 views, but 0 answers.

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  • OpenVPN Client timing out

    - by Austin
    I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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  • lxc bandwidth control using tc

    - by kumar
    I am trying to restrict bandwidth inside my containers. I have tried using the following commands , But I think it is not getting effective. cd /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls/ echo 0x1001 > A/net_cls.classid # 10:1 echo 0x1002 > B/net_cls.classid # 10:2 tc qdisc add dev eth0 root \ handle 10: htb tc class add dev eth0 parent 10: \ classid 10:1 htb rate 40mbit tc class add dev eth0 parent 10: \ classid 10:2 htb rate 30mbit tc filter add dev eth0 parent 10: \ protocol ip prio 10 \ handle 1: cgroup Here A and B are containers created with this command. lxc-execute -n A -f configfile /bin/bash lxc-execute -n B -f configfile /bin/bash Whereas configfile contains only this entry: lxc.utsname = test_lxc AFter starting the container , I have started vsftpd inside container A and try to access the files using the ftp client from another machine. Then I killed vsftpd in container A and started vsftpd in container B and try to access the files using ftp client from another machine. I cannot observe any difference in performance, for that matter it is nowhere nearer to 40mbit/30mbit. Please correct me whether anything wrong here.

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  • Computer Comparison - which is "better"

    - by David Murdoch
    A company I work with recently replaced their old server and gave it to me. Their old server is a Dell PowerEdge 2600. I've been playing with the machine and even installed Windows Server 2008 on it...and it seems to run it pretty well. Here are the specs for the two machines: Dev Machine: AMD Athlon64 3000+ 2.38 GHz (overclocked from 1.8GHz [@ 280x8.5] - it is stable-ish) Memory (RAM): 1x1GB OCZ PC3200 (Dual-Channel) 300GB HD OS: Windows XP Pro (32bit) SuperPi 1M digit test: 40 seconds Dell PowerEdge 2600 Server: Intel Xeon CPU 2.8GHz 2.8GHz Memory (RAM): 512MBx2 (PC2700, not dual channel) 68GB HD (RAID 5) OS: Windows Server 2000 (32bit) SuperPi 1M digit test: 56 seconds [using 1 processor] (Themes and Aero-Flass UI turned off, of course) I use my computer to regularly run Photoshop CS5, Illustrator CS5, Flash CS5, 5 browsers (Chrome, FF, IE, Safari, Opera), iTunes, Visual Studio 2010, and Kaspersky Internet Security 2010 [sometimes simultaneously :-) ]. The SuperPi test has my dev machine coming in about 30% faster than the Server machine...though this could be due to the server running "Vista" with background processes prioritized. Do you think it would be realistic/advantageous for me to move from my dev machine to the Dell PowerEdge 2600? Is it possible to install additional DVD drives/burners on the server? Can I install my internal 300 GB hard drive on the server? Can I add some USB 2.0 ports? Note: I'll probably install Win XP Pro on the dev machine if I do switch. If not, are there any creative and useful way for me to take advantage of this server (with the goal of faster computing)?

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  • GlassFish v3: Security related updates?

    - by chris_l
    I've used GlassFish v3.0 as my main development application server for a few weeks now. Now that I want to install it on my VPS, I'd like to get the latest security updates, because Glassfish v3 Release 3.0 (Open Source Edition or not) is already a few months old, and v3.1 is only available as "early access" nightlies (see https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/downloadsindex.html). GlassFish offers an update mechanism (via pkg or updateTool), but when I simply try to get the latest updates (pkg image-update), it finds nothing. However, when I change the preferred publisher to dev.glassfish.org, I get a list with lots of updates. The interesting thing is, that I haven't been able to find any description about the exact meaning of the diverse publishers/repositories (release, stable, contrib and dev) anywhere on the web, most importantly answering the question: Am I supposed to use the "dev" repository for security updates, or is it (probably more likely) for unstable updates? Where do I get security updates from then? Or are there simply no security updates yet? Asking on the GlassFish forum resulted in 56 views, but 0 answers.

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  • IPSec Tunnel to Amazon EC2 - Netkey, NAT, and routing problem

    - by Ernest Mueller
    Hey all, I'm working on getting an IPSec VPN working between Amazon EC2 and my on-premise. The goal is to be able to safely administer stuff, up/download data, etc. over that tunnel. I have gotten the tunnel up in openswan between a Fedora 12 instance with an elastic IP and a Cisco router that's also NATted. I think the ipsec part is OK, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to route traffic that way; there's no "ipsec0" virutal interface because on Amazon you have to use netkey and not KLIPS for the vpn. I hear iptables may be required and I'm an iptables noob. On the left (Amazon), I have a 10. network. Box 1 is privately 10.254.110.A, publically IP 184.73.168.B. Netkey tunnel is up. Box 2 is publically 130.164.26.C, privately 130.164.0.D And my .conf is: conn ni type= tunnel authby= secret left= 10.254.110.A leftid= 184.73.168.B leftnexthop= %defaultroute leftsubnet= 10.254.0.0/32 right= 130.164.26.C rightid= 130.164.0.D rightnexthop= %defaultroute rightsubnet= 130.164.0.0/18 keyexchange= ike pfs= no auto= start keyingtries= 3 disablearrivalcheck=no ikelifetime= 240m auth= esp compress= no keylife= 60m forceencaps= yes esp= 3des-md5 I added a route to box 1 (130.164.0.0/18 via 10.254.110.A dev eth0) but that doesn't do it for predictable reasons, when I traceroute the traffic's still going "around" and not through the vpn. Routing table: 10.254.110.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.254.110.A 130.164.0.0/18 via 10.254.110.178 dev eth0 src 10.254.110.A 169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002 Anyone know how to do the routing with a netkey ipsec tunnel where both sides are NATted? Thanks...

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  • Natting trafic from a tunnel to internet

    - by mezgani
    I'm trying to set up a GRE tunnel between a linux box and a router (LAN), and I'm having a few problems which seem to depend to my iptables configuration. Watching with tcpdump on linux box, I can see packets coming with flags GREv0, all i need right know is forwarding this data to internet, found here some trace : iptables -F iptables -X iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t nat -F iptables -t nat -X iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -F iptables -t mangle -X iptables -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o cloud -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i cloud -o ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward cloud Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr C4-CE-7A-2E-F2-BF-DD-C0-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet adr:10.3.3.3 P-t-P:10.3.3.3 Masque:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1476 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:124 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:10416 (10.1 KiB) Table de routage IP du noyau Destination Passerelle Genmask Indic MSS Fenêtre irtt Iface 196.206.120.1 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.3.3.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 cloud 0.0.0.0 196.206.120.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0 root@aldebaran:~# ip route 196.206.120.1 dev ppp0 proto kernel scope link src 196.206.122.46 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.18 10.3.3.0/24 dev cloud scope link default via 196.206.120.1 dev ppp0

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  • Is wiper.sh working?

    - by Aleksander Blomskøld
    I'm setting up a server running Ubuntu Precise, and I'm trying to verify if SSD TRIM is working. fstrim is failing: ~ sudo fstrim -v / fstrim: /: FITRIM ioctl failed: Operation not supported So I tried wiper.sh in hdparm: wiper-3.5 sudo ./wiper.sh --verbose --commit /dev/sda1 wiper.sh: Linux SATA SSD TRIM utility, version 3.5, by Mark Lord. rootdev=/dev/sda1 fsmode2: fsmode=read-write /: fstype=ext4 freesize = 169502088 KB, reserved = 1695020 KB Preparing for online TRIM of free space on /dev/sda1 (ext4 mounted read-write at /). This operation could silently destroy your data. Are you sure (y/N)? y Creating temporary file (167807068 KB).. Syncing disks.. Beginning TRIM operations.. get_trimlist=/sbin/hdparm --fibmap WIPER_TMPFILE.11503 /dev/sda: trimming 3211263 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded trimming 3571713 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded trimming 3915776 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded (...) trimming 3657913 sectors from 60 ranges succeeded Removing temporary file.. Syncing disks.. Done. It seems to be working, but I'm wondering if it really is. Are there any cases where wiper.sh should work when fstrim isn't? Is there any way I can check if the TRIMing actually has succeeded (other than trusting the wiper.sh-log)?

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  • ServerName wildcards in Apache name-based virtual hosts?

    - by Martijn Heemels
    On our LAN I've set up several 'fake' TLDs in the DNS server, with the intention of using them for Apache name-based virtual hosting. I'd like to combine this with mass-virtual-hosting (i.e. VirtualDocumentRoot) on an Ubuntu 10.04 LAMP server. However, I can't get it to select the right vhost! Here is a summary of the Apache config: NameVirtualHost 10.10.0.205 <VirtualHost 10.10.0.205> ServerName *.test VirtualDocumentRoot /var/www/%-3.0.%-2/test/%1/ CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log vhost_combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 10.10.0.205> ServerName *.dev VirtualDocumentRoot /var/www/%-3.0.%-2/dev/%1/ CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log vhost_combined </VirtualHost> A hostname such as www.domain.com.dev, correctly resolves to 10.10.0.205, but always selects the top vhost, instead of the bottom one, which matches more closely. I was under the impression that Apache would first try to match the ServerName before defaulting to the top vhost for a given IP. What am I doing wrong? Or is this not possible and must I use another IP for each TLD? apachectl -S outputs (trimmed): 10.10.0.205:* is a NameVirtualHost default server *.test port * namevhost *.test port * namevhost *.dev

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