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• SSL certificates and types for securing your websites and applications

  - by Mit Naik

  Need to share few information regarding SSL certificates and there types, which SSL certificates are widely used etc. There are several SSL certificates available in the market today inorder to secure your domains, multiple subdomains, your applications and code too. Few of the details are mentioned below. CheapSSL certificates available today are Standard Rapidssl certificate, Thwate SSL 123 etc certificates which are basic level certificates. Most of these cheap SSL certificates are domain-validated only and don't provide the greatest trust for your customers. This means you shouldn't use cheap SSL certificates on e-commerce stores or other public-facing sites that require people to trust the site. EV certificates I found Geotrust Truebusinessid with EV certificate which is one of the cheapest certificate available in market today, you can also find Thwate, Versign EV version of certificates. Its designed to prevent phishing attacks better than normal SSL certificates. What makes an EV Certificate so special? An SSL Certificate Provider has to do some extensive validation to give you one including: Verifying that your organization is legally registered and active, Verifying the address and phone number of your organization, Verifying that your organization has exclusive right to use the domain specified in the EV Certificate, Verifying that the person ordering the certificate has been authorized by the organization, Verifying that your organization is not on any government blacklists. SSL WILDCARD CERTIFICATES, SSL Wildcard Certificates are big money-savers. An SSL Wildcard Certificate allows you to secure an unlimited number of first-level sub-domains on a single domain name. For example, if you need to secure the following websites: * www.yourdomain.com * secure.yourdomain.com * product.yourdomain.com * info.yourdomain.com * download.yourdomain.com * anything.yourdomain.com and all of these websites are hosted on the multiple server box, you can purchase and install one Wildcard certificate issued to *.yourdomain.com to secure all these sites. SAN CERTIFICATES, are interesting certificates and are helpfull if you want to secure multiple domains by generating single CSR and can install the same certificate on your additional sites without generating new CSRs for all the additional domains. CODE SIGNING CERTIFICATES, A code signing certificate is a file containing a digital signature that can be used to sign executables and scripts in order to verify your identity and ensure that your code has not been tampered with since it was signed. This helps your users to determine whether your software can be trusted. Scroll to the chart below to compare cheap code signing certificates. A code signing certificate allows you to sign code using a private and public key system similar to how an SSL certificate secures a website. When you request a code signing certificate, a public/private key pair is generated. The certificate authority will then issue a code signing certificate that contains the public key. A certificate for code signing needs to be signed by a trusted certificate authority so that the operating system knows that your identity has been validated. You could still use the code signing certificate to sign and distribute malicious software but you will be held legally accountable for it. You can sign many different types of code. The most common types include Windows applications such as .exe, .cab, .dll, .ocx, and .xpi files (using an Authenticode certificate), Apple applications (using an Apple code signing certificate), Microsoft Office VBA objects and macros (using a VBA code signing certificate), .jar files (using a Java code signing certificate), .air or .airi files (using an Adobe AIR certificate), and Windows Vista drivers and other kernel-mode software (using a Vista code certificate). In reality, a code signing certificate can sign almost all types of code as long as you convert the certificate to the correct format first. Also I found the below URL which provides you good suggestion regarding purchasing best SSL certificates for securing your site, as per the Financial institution, Bank, Hosting providers, ISP, Retail Merchants etc. Please vote and provide comments or any additional suggestions regarding SSL certificates.

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• What free space thresholds/limits are advisable for 640 GB and 2 TB hard disk drives with ZEVO ZFS on OS X?

  - by Graham Perrin

  Assuming that free space advice for ZEVO will not differ from advice for other modern implementations of ZFS … Question Please, what percentages or amounts of free space are advisable for hard disk drives of the following sizes? 640 GB 2 TB Thoughts A standard answer for modern implementations of ZFS might be "no more than 96 percent full". However if apply that to (say) a single-disk 640 GB dataset where some of the files most commonly used (by VirtualBox) are larger than 15 GB each, then I guess that blocks for those files will become sub optimally spread across the platters with around 26 GB free. I read that in most cases, fragmentation and defragmentation should not be a concern with ZFS. Sill, I like the mental picture of most fragments of a large .vdi in reasonably close proximity to each other. (Do features of ZFS make that wish for proximity too old-fashioned?) Side note: there might arise the question of how to optimise performance after a threshold is 'broken'. If it arises, I'll keep it separate. Background On a 640 GB StoreJet Transcend (product ID 0x2329) in the past I probably went beyond an advisable threshold. Currently the largest file is around 17 GB –  – and I doubt that any .vdi or other file on this disk will grow beyond 40 GB. (Ignore the purple masses, those are bundles of 8 MB band files.) Without HFS Plus: the thresholds of twenty, ten and five percent that I associate with Mobile Time Machine file system need not apply. I currently use ZEVO Community Edition 1.1.1 with Mountain Lion, OS X 10.8.2, but I'd like answers to be not too version-specific. References, chronological order ZFS Block Allocation (Jeff Bonwick's Blog) (2006-11-04) Space Maps (Jeff Bonwick's Blog) (2007-09-13) Doubling Exchange Performance (Bizarre ! Vous avez dit Bizarre ?) (2010-03-11) … So to solve this problem, what went in 2010/Q1 software release is multifold. The most important thing is: we increased the threshold at which we switched from 'first fit' (go fast) to 'best fit' (pack tight) from 70% full to 96% full. With TB drives, each slab is at least 5GB and 4% is still 200MB plenty of space and no need to do anything radical before that. This gave us the biggest bang. Second, instead of trying to reuse the same primary slabs until it failed an allocation we decided to stop giving the primary slab this preferential threatment as soon as the biggest allocation that could be satisfied by a slab was down to 128K (metaslab_df_alloc_threshold). At that point we were ready to switch to another slab that had more free space. We also decided to reduce the SMO bonus. Before, a slab that was 50% empty was preferred over slabs that had never been used. In order to foster more write aggregation, we reduced the threshold to 33% empty. This means that a random write workload now spread to more slabs where each one will have larger amount of free space leading to more write aggregation. Finally we also saw that slab loading was contributing to lower performance and implemented a slab prefetch mechanism to reduce down time associated with that operation. The conjunction of all these changes lead to 50% improved OLTP and 70% reduced variability from run to run … OLTP Improvements in Sun Storage 7000 2010.Q1 (Performance Profiles) (2010-03-11) Alasdair on Everything » ZFS runs really slowly when free disk usage goes above 80% (2010-07-18) where commentary includes: … OpenSolaris has changed this in onnv revision 11146 … [CFT] Improved ZFS metaslab code (faster write speed) (2010-08-22)

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• Windows 7 Boot to VHD using a VHD clone of the system drive

  - by daveh551

  This seems like a not too difficult problem, and, after several hurdles, I'm maddeningly close. But I can't quite get there. I'm running Windows 7 in development shop. I want to start using VS2010 to work on some stuff that won't be released for awhile. My boss said no beta code on the production machine, but I could run VS2010 for this project IF I could do it in an isolated environment, like a virtual PC. Well, I've used the beta and RC of Win7 on VPC's before, and it was painfully slow because of the VPC environment. But everyone has been singing the praises of Windows 7's boot-to-VHD capability, where only the disk is virtualized, and you're actually running on the hardware. Supposed to be little slower, but nowhere near the speed penalty of VPC. I've spent a fair amount of time getting everything installed the way I want it. So I figured, I'll just clone my system drive using Disk2VHD, and boot off of that, and then install VS2010 onto that. (I keep most of my user data, including all my projects, in a separate partition, so that wouldn't have to be duplicated and would still be available.) Well, I had some difficulties with that, owing mainly to the fact that I was using an old version of Disk2VHD - (get the latest if you're going to try it.) But I did finally get it to boot. (Scott Hanselman has a good blog post on boot to VHD). But it wasn't exactly what I was expecting or hoping for. What I expected was that the VHD would become the C: drive, and the original (physical) C: drive would be either hidden or mounted under a different letter, and thus isolated and protected from any changes. What you actually get is that the VHD becomes the D: drive AND you boot from the D: drive, BUT your original C: drive is still there. Which is sort of okay EXCEPT that the Registry on the VHD is a clone of the Registry on C: drive, and includes many hard-coded references to C:. So the result is that some things come from (and modify) D: (the VHD), but some things come from (and modify) C:. (If you open a cmd prompt and do a SET to look at your environment variables, you will see a mixture of D:\ and C:\ paths.) So I don't really have an isolated environment. Most importantly, %ProgramFiles% is still set to C:\Program Files. What I really need is a tool that can access the registry files on the mounted VHD AS FILES, not as registry entries, and do a global search and replace on all the C:\ in strings to D:. I haven't found such a program. (I've tried to do it with a program called Registry Replace, but, even when running as Administrator, there are certain entries that the Registry won't let you change.) Does anyone know of one? Or any other solution to my problem (other than starting from scratch with a clean VHD and installing Win7 and all my programs on it.)?

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• Is there really a need for encryption to have true wireless security? [closed]

  - by Cawas

  I welcome better key-wording here, both on tags and title. I'm trying to conceive a free, open and secure network environment that would work anywhere, from big enterprises to small home networks of just 1 machine. I think since wireless Access Points are the most, if not only, true weak point of a Local Area Network (let's not consider every other security aspect of having internet) there would be basically two points to consider here: Having an open AP for anyone to use the internet through Leaving the whole LAN also open for guests to be able to easily read (only) files on it, and even a place to drop files on Considering these two aspects, once everything is done properly... What's the most secure option between having that, or having just an encrypted password-protected wifi? Of course "both" would seem "more secure". But it shouldn't actually be anything substantial. That's the question, but I think it may need more elaborating on. If you don't think so, please feel free to skip the next (long) part. Elaborating more on the two aspects ... I've always had the feeling using any kind of the so called "wireless security" methods is actually a bad design. I'm talking mostly about encrypting and pass-phrasing (which are actually two different concepts), since I won't even consider hiding SSID and mac filtering. I understand it's a natural way of thinking. With cable networking nobody can access the network unless they have access to the physical cable, so you're "secure" in the physical way. In a way, encrypting is for wireless what building walls is for the cables. And giving pass-phrases would be adding a door with a key. But the cabling without encryption is also insecure. If someone plugin all the data is right there. So, while I can see the use for encrypting data, I don't think it's a security measure in wireless networks. It's wasting resources for too little gain. I believe we should encrypt only sensitive data regardless of wires. That's already done with HTTPS, so I don't really need to encrypt my torrents, for instance. They're torrents, they are meant to be freely shared! As for using passwords, they should be added to the users, always. Not to wifi. For securing files, truly, best solution is backup. Sure all that doesn't happen that often, but I won't consider the most situations where people just don't care. I think there are enough situations where we actually use passwords on our OS users, so let's go with that in mind. I keep promoting the Fonera concept as an instance. It opens up a free wifi port, if you choose so, and anyone can connect to the internet through that, without having any access to your LAN. It also uses a QoS which will never let your bandwidth drop from that public usage. That's security, and it's open. But it's lacking the second aspect. I'll probably be bashed for promoting the non-usage of WPA 2 with AES or whatever, but I wanted to know from more experienced (super) users out there: what do you think?

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• rpm rollback ignoring rpms - no error output

  - by John H

  Issue rpm rollback is not working with a set of repackaged rpms created in the last couple days, but does work with more recent ones. [root@host1 repackage]# ls -l zsh-4.2.6-* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1788283 Apr 10 2011 zsh-4.2.6-3.el5.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1788691 Aug 18 04:38 zsh-4.2.6-5.el5.i386.rpm [root@host1 repackage]# rpm -q zsh zsh-4.2.6-6.el5 [root@host1 repackage]# rpm --test -Uvh --rollback 'Aug 18 01:00' [root@host1 repackage]# rpm -e zsh [root@host1 repackage]# [root@host1 repackage]# ls -l zsh* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1788283 Apr 10 2011 zsh-4.2.6-3.el5.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1788691 Aug 18 04:38 zsh-4.2.6-5.el5.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1789064 Aug 20 09:06 zsh-4.2.6-6.el5.i386.rpm [root@host1 repackage]# cp zsh-4.2.6-6.el5.i386.rpm /tmp [root@host1 repackage]# rpm --test -Uvh --rollback 'Aug 18 01:00' Rollback packages (+1/-0) to Mon Aug 20 09:02:16 2012 (0x50323558): Preparing... ########################################### [100%] Cleaning up repackaged packages: Removing /var/spool/repackage/zsh-4.2.6-6.el5.i386.rpm: [root@host1 repackage]# ls -l zsh-4.2.6-* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1788283 Apr 10 2011 zsh-4.2.6-3.el5.i386.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1788691 Aug 18 04:38 zsh-4.2.6-5.el5.i386.rpm [root@host1 repackage]# cp /tmp/zsh-4.2.6-6.el5.i386.rpm . [root@host1 repackage]# rpm -Uvh --rollback 'Aug 18 01:00' Rollback packages (+1/-0) to Mon Aug 20 09:06:05 2012 (0x5032363d): Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:zsh ########################################### [ 50%] Cleaning up repackaged packages: Removing /var/spool/repackage/zsh-4.2.6-6.el5.i386.rpm: [root@host1 repackage]# rpm --test -Uvh --rollback 'April 9' [root@host1 repackage]# Now, if I run my test commands with -Uvvh I get debug messages to stderror which shows me that rpm reads each of the rpm files in /var/spool/repackage. The only interesting bit is the "expected size" but after searching, the expected size should be different, as it records the files as they are on the filesystem. D: opening db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages joinenv D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages rdonly mode=0x0 D: locked db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid rdonly mode=0x0 D: opening db index /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys rdonly mode=0x0 D: read h# 769 Header sanity check: OK D: ========== DSA pubkey id 53268101 37017186 (h#769) D: read h# 32 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 D: read h# 40 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 ... D: read h# 1753 Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 D: Expected size: 3628918 = lead(96)+sigs(344)+pad(0)+data(3628478) D: Actual size: 3583695 D: /var/spool/repackage/Deployment_Guide-en-US-5.2-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 D: Expected size: 1100789 = lead(96)+sigs(344)+pad(0)+data(1100349) D: Actual size: 1109281 D: /var/spool/repackage/NetworkManager-0.7.0-10.el5_5.2.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 D: Expected size: 1098167 = lead(96)+sigs(344)+pad(0)+data(1097727) D: Actual size: 1106179 D: /var/spool/repackage/NetworkManager-0.7.0-9.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 D: Expected size: 84351 = lead(96)+sigs(344)+pad(0)+data(83911) D: Actual size: 85378 ... D: Expected size: 1788276 = lead(96)+sigs(344)+pad(0)+data(1787836) D: Actual size: 1788691 D: /var/spool/repackage/zsh-4.2.6-5.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: OK, key ID 37017186 D: --- erase h#1758 D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Installtid D: closed db index /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: closed db environment /var/lib/rpm/Packages D: May free Score board((nil)) I am able to copy these rpms out of the repackage directory and if I run them through cpio, extract the files. I also tried backing up and rebuilding the rpm database - no change. System Information: RHEL 5.8 rpm 4.4.2.3 /etc/yum.conf tsflags=repackage /etc/rpm/macros %_repackage_all_erasures 1

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• RHEL - NFS4: Mounted/Exported as rw, user write permission denied

  - by brendanmac

  Hello, I have nfs4 configured between a RHEL 5.3 server (charlie) and a RHEL 5.4 client (simcom1). The machines are configured to authenticate users via kerberos by a Windows Server 2008 active directory machine called "alpha." Alpha also serves as a dns and dhcp machine for the local network. I notice that when a user logs in to a RHEL machine for the first time they are issued a unique uid to that machine; The first user to log on gets 10001. So, what I see is that users between simcom1 and charlie have different UIDs. When a user does an 'ls -la' command from within an nfs4 mount I would have thought that the usernames in the owner column would indicate 'nobody' or at least the wrong user name - since UIDs are different between the machines for each user, and not all users have logged into each machine. However, the simcom1 is able to resolve usernames in an 'ls -la' executed on files residing on charlie via nfs4 correctly. Most troubling is that users are unable to write to files across the nfs mount. The server, charlie, has the root directory exported as rw. The client, simcom1, mounts the export as rw. My configurations are shown below. My question is, how do I configure the RHEL machines to allow users to write files across nfs4 that is already mounted as read/write? [root@charlie ~]# more /etc/exports / 10.100.0.0/16(rw,no_root_squash,fsid=0) [root@charlie ~]#cat /etc/sysconfig/nfs # # Define which protocol versions mountd # will advertise. The values are "no" or "yes" # with yes being the default #MOUNTD_NFS_V1="no" #MOUNTD_NFS_V2="no" #MOUNTD_NFS_V3="no" # # # Path to remote quota server. See rquotad(8) #RQUOTAD="/usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad" # Port rquotad should listen on. #RQUOTAD_PORT=875 # Optinal options passed to rquotad #RPCRQUOTADOPTS="" # # # TCP port rpc.lockd should listen on. #LOCKD_TCPPORT=32803 # UDP port rpc.lockd should listen on. #LOCKD_UDPPORT=32769 # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.nfsd. See rpc.nfsd(8) # Turn off v2 and v3 protocol support #RPCNFSDARGS="-N 2 -N 3" # Turn off v4 protocol support #RPCNFSDARGS="-N 4" # Number of nfs server processes to be started. # The default is 8. RPCNFSDCOUNT=8 # Stop the nfsd module from being pre-loaded #NFSD_MODULE="noload" # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.mountd. See rpc.mountd(8) #STATDARG="" #RPCMOUNTDOPTS="" # Port rpc.mountd should listen on. #MOUNTD_PORT=892 # # # Optional arguments passed to rpc.statd. See rpc.statd(8) #RPCIDMAPDARGS="" # # Set to turn on Secure NFS mounts. SECURE_NFS="no" # Optional arguments passed to rpc.gssd. See rpc.gssd(8) #RPCGSSDARGS="-vvv" # Optional arguments passed to rpc.svcgssd. See rpc.svcgssd(8) #RPCSVCGSSDARGS="-vvv" # Don't load security modules in to the kernel #SECURE_NFS_MODS="noload" # # Don't load sunrpc module. #RPCMTAB="noload" # [root@simcom1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab --start snip-- charlie:/home /usr/local/dev/charlie nfs4 rw,nosuid, 0 0 --end snip-- [brendanmac@simcom1 /usr/local/dev/charlie/brendanmac]# touch file touch: cannot touch 'file': Permission denied [brendanmac@simcom1 /usr/local/dev/charlie/brendanmac]# su Password: [root@simcom1 /usr/local/dev/charlie/brendanmac]# touch file [root@simcom1 /usr/local/dev/charlie/brendanmac]# ls -la file -rw------- 1 root root 0 May 26 10:43 file Thank you for your assistance, Brendan

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• Windows 7 .NET 3.5.1 - 2.0 Slightly Corrupted, How to Repair?

  - by Quinxy von Besiex

  My Windows 7 included .NET installation (3.5 to 2.0) appears very slightly and particularly corrupted and I am trying to fix it without reinstalling Windows or trying to revert to backups. Everything was working and then my hard drive started corrupting a few files and checkdisk found bad clusters so I imaged the drive to a new one. As soon as I booted on the new drive everything worked except programs which call the System.Net.NetworkInformation methods within .NET 3.5 to 2.0 (like Ping() and IsNetworkAvailable()), which immediately crash the app in which the calls are (those calls in .NET 4.0 works fine). Those methods are found inside System.dll, and I assume call native methods which I believe are inside winnsi.dll or iphlpapi.dll or something else (I've not found this yet); I assume it calls native methods because the exception which causes the crash is Fatal Execution Engine Error which people mention is usually related to calling native methods and marshaling data between them. A huge clue about the culprit is likely found in the fact that when I launch the exact same crashing application through a code profiler (which executes the exe and captures stats on which methods took the longest) the app works fine, no crash at all! How could running it within the profiler work and running it outside not work? That seems the key to the mystery. I've used procmon to catch all the registry, filesystem, and network events from the crashing execution and the profiler-run successful execution and compared the two outputs but didn't learn much (I see the moment at which the non-profiled app crashes, but up until then they behave the same, loaded the same modules, ). The only big difference seems to be that at the moment before the app crash the profiler-executed code creates 4-6 new threads and the directly executed code only creates 1-2. I have diffed the files/directories which seemed most relevant (the .NET stuff under Windows and Program Files) pre- and post- disk trouble and seen no changes where I didn't expect any (no obvious file corruption). I have diffed the software and system registry hives pre- and post- disk trouble and seen no changes which seemed relevant. I have created a new user account and cleaned up any environment variables in case environment was related. No change. I did "sfc /scannow" and it found no integrity problems. I tried "ngen update" to regenerate pre-compiled code in case I missed something that might be damaged and nothing changed. I assume I need to repair my .NET installation but because Windows 7 included .NET 3.5 - 2.0 you can't just re-run a .NET installer to redo it. I do not have access to the Windows disks to try to re-install Windows over itself (the computer has a recovery partition but it is unusable); also the drive uses a whole-disk encryption solution and re-installing would be difficult. I absolutely do not want to start from scratch here and install a fresh Windows, reinstall dozens of software packages, try and remember dozens of development-related customizations/etc. Given all that... does anyone have any helpful advice? I need .NET 3.5 - 2.0 working as I am a developer and need to build and test against it. Thanks! Quinxy

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• Mpd as pppoe server with authorisation by freeradius2

  - by Korjavin Ivan

  I install freeradius2, add to raddb/users: test Cleartext-Password := "test1" Service-Type = Framed-User, Framed-Protocol = PPP, Framed-IP-Address = 10.36.0.2, Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0, start radiusd, and check auth: radtest test test1 127.0.0.1 1002 testing123 Sending Access-Request of id 199 to 127.0.0.1 port 1812 User-Name = "test" User-Password = "test1" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 NAS-Port = 1002 Message-Authenticator = 0x00000000000000000000000000000000 rad_recv: Access-Accept packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 1812, id=199, length=44 Service-Type = Framed-User Framed-Protocol = PPP Framed-IP-Address = 10.36.0.2 Framed-IP-Netmask = 255.255.255.0 Works fine. Next step. Add to mpd.conf: radius: set auth disable internal set auth max-logins 1 CI set auth enable radius-auth set radius timeout 90 set radius retries 2 set radius server 127.0.0.1 testing123 1812 1813 set radius me 127.0.0.1 create link template L pppoe set link action bundle B set link max-children 1000 set link no multilink set link no shortseq set link no pap chap-md5 chap-msv1 chap-msv2 set link enable chap set pppoe acname Internet load radius create link template em1 L set pppoe iface em1 set link enable incoming And trying to connect, auth failed, here is mpd log: mpd: [em1-2] LCP: auth: peer wants nothing, I want CHAP mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: sending CHALLENGE #1 len: 21 mpd: [em1-2] LCP: LayerUp mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: rec'd RESPONSE #1 len: 58 mpd: [em1-2] Name: "test" mpd: [em1-2] AUTH: Trying RADIUS mpd: [em1-2] RADIUS: Authenticating user 'test' mpd: [em1-2] RADIUS: Rec'd RAD_ACCESS_REJECT for user 'test' mpd: [em1-2] AUTH: RADIUS returned: failed mpd: [em1-2] AUTH: ran out of backends mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: Auth return status: failed mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: Reply message: ^AE=691 R=1 mpd: [em1-2] CHAP: sending FAILURE #1 len: 14 mpd: [em1-2] LCP: authorization failed Then i start freeradius as radiusd -fX, and get this log: rad_recv: Access-Request packet from host 127.0.0.1 port 46400, id=223, length=282 NAS-Identifier = "rubin.svyaz-nt.ru" NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1 Message-Authenticator = 0x14d36639bed8074ec2988118125367ea Acct-Session-Id = "815965-em1-2" NAS-Port = 2 NAS-Port-Type = Ethernet Service-Type = Framed-User Framed-Protocol = PPP Calling-Station-Id = "00e05290b3e3 / 00:e0:52:90:b3:e3 / em1" NAS-Port-Id = "em1" Vendor-12341-Attr-12 = 0x656d312d32 Tunnel-Medium-Type:0 = IEEE-802 Tunnel-Client-Endpoint:0 = "00:e0:52:90:b3:e3" User-Name = "test" MS-CHAP-Challenge = 0xbb1e68d5bbc30f228725a133877de83e MS-CHAP2-Response = 0x010088746ae65b68e435e9d045ad6f9569b60000000000000000b56991b4f20704cb6c68e5982eec5e98a7f4b470c109c1b9 # Executing section authorize from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group authorize {...} ++[preprocess] returns ok ++[chap] returns noop [mschap] Found MS-CHAP attributes. Setting 'Auth-Type = mschap' ++[mschap] returns ok [eap] No EAP-Message, not doing EAP ++[eap] returns noop [files] users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 172 ++[files] returns ok Found Auth-Type = MSCHAP # Executing group from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group MS-CHAP {...} [mschap] No Cleartext-Password configured. Cannot create LM-Password. [mschap] No Cleartext-Password configured. Cannot create NT-Password. [mschap] Creating challenge hash with username: test [mschap] Client is using MS-CHAPv2 for test, we need NT-Password [mschap] FAILED: No NT/LM-Password. Cannot perform authentication. [mschap] FAILED: MS-CHAP2-Response is incorrect ++[mschap] returns reject Failed to authenticate the user. Login incorrect: [test] (from client localhost port 2 cli 00e05290b3e3 / 00:e0:52:90:b3:e3 / em1) Using Post-Auth-Type REJECT # Executing group from file /usr/local/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default +- entering group REJECT {...} [attr_filter.access_reject] expand: %{User-Name} -> test attr_filter: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 11 ++[attr_filter.access_reject] returns updated Delaying reject of request 2 for 1 seconds Going to the next request Waking up in 0.9 seconds. Sending delayed reject for request 2 Sending Access-Reject of id 223 to 127.0.0.1 port 46400 MS-CHAP-Error = "\001E=691 R=1" Why i have error "[mschap] No Cleartext-Password configured. Cannot create LM-Password." ? I define cleartext-password in users. I check raddb/sites-enabled/default authorize { chap mschap eap { ok = return } files } looks ok for me. Whats wrong with mpd/chap/radius ?

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• Recommendations for distributed processing/distributed storage systems

  - by Eddie

  At my organization we have a processing and storage system spread across two dozen linux machines that handles over a petabyte of data. The system right now is very ad-hoc; processing automation and data management is handled by a collection of large perl programs on independent machines. I am looking at distributed processing and storage systems to make it easier to maintain, evenly distribute load and data with replication, and grow in disk space and compute power. The system needs to be able to handle millions of files, varying in size between 50 megabytes to 50 gigabytes. Once created, the files will not be appended to, only replaced completely if need be. The files need to be accessible via HTTP for customer download. Right now, processing is automated by perl scripts (that I have complete control over) which call a series of other programs (that I don't have control over because they are closed source) that essentially transforms one data set into another. No data mining happening here. Here is a quick list of things I am looking for: Reliability: These data must be accessible over HTTP about 99% of the time so I need something that does data replication across the cluster. Scalability: I want to be able to add more processing power and storage easily and rebalance the data on across the cluster. Distributed processing: Easy and automatic job scheduling and load balancing that fits with processing workflow I briefly described above. Data location awareness: Not strictly required but desirable. Since data and processing will be on the same set of nodes I would like the job scheduler to schedule jobs on or close to the node that the data is actually on to cut down on network traffic. Here is what I've looked at so far: Storage Management: GlusterFS: Looks really nice and easy to use but doesn't seem to have a way to figure out what node(s) a file actually resides on to supply as a hint to the job scheduler. GPFS: Seems like the gold standard of clustered filesystems. Meets most of my requirements except, like glusterfs, data location awareness. Ceph: Seems way to immature right now. Distributed processing: Sun Grid Engine: I have a lot of experience with this and it's relatively easy to use (once it is configured properly that is). But Oracle got its icy grip around it and it no longer seems very desirable. Both: Hadoop/HDFS: At first glance it looked like hadoop was perfect for my situation. Distributed storage and job scheduling and it was the only thing I found that would give me the data location awareness that I wanted. But I don't like the namename being a single point of failure. Also, I'm not really sure if the MapReduce paradigm fits the type of processing workflow that I have. It seems like you need to write all your software specifically for MapReduce instead of just using Hadoop as a generic job scheduler. OpenStack: I've done some reading on this but I'm having trouble deciding if it fits well with my problem or not. Does anyone have opinions or recommendations for technologies that would fit my problem well? Any suggestions or advise would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Apache mod_jk Setting for Tomcat - workers.properties

  - by sissonb

  I am trying to direct files with .jsp extensions to tomcat. Otherwise I want apache to serve the file directly (no tomcat). Currently I have a test.jsp which is supposed to create an HTML page with the current date in the body. Instead when I go to that .jsp I see the JK Status Manager. The mod_jk.logs only show, init_jk::mod_jk.c (3365): mod_jk/1.2.35 initialized. I have tomcat and apache setup on my server. Apache runs on 80 and tomcat runs on 8080. localhost:8080 show the tomcat welcome page. I downloaded tomcat-connectors-1.2.35-windows-i386-httpd-2.2.x and copied the mod_jk.so to C:\apache\modules. Then I added LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so to my httpd.conf. I restart apache and the module loads just fine. Next I downloaded the mod_jk source to get the workers.properties file. I copy workers.properties to C:\apache\confg. Then I added this user, workers.tomcat_home="C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0" workers.java_home="C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.7.0_03" worker.list=ajp13 worker.ajp13.port=8080 worker.ajp13.host=localhost worker.ajp13.type=ajp13 worker.ajp13.socket_timeout=10 When I try to use the ajp13 user in my httpd.conf I get the following error in my mod_jk.log, [Wed Mar 28 13:08:51 2012] [2196:4100] [info] ajp_connection_tcp_get_message::jk_ajp_common.c (1258): (ajp13) can't receive the response header message from tomcat, network problems or tomcat (127.0.0.1:8080) is down (errno=60) [Wed Mar 28 13:08:51 2012] [2196:4100] [error] ajp_get_reply::jk_ajp_common.c (2117): (ajp13) Tomcat is down or refused connection. No response has been sent to the client (yet) [Wed Mar 28 13:08:51 2012] [2196:4100] [info] ajp_service::jk_ajp_common.c (2614): (ajp13) sending request to tomcat failed (recoverable), (attempt=1) Next I update my httpd.conf with, JkWorkersFile C:/apache/conf/workers.properties JkLogFile C:/apache/logs/mod_jk.log JkLogLevel info JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " Also I added JkMount /*.jsp jk-status to my virtual host like this, <VirtualHost 192.168.5.250:80> JkMount /*.jsp jk-status #JkMount /*.jsp ajp13 ServerName bgsisson.com ServerAlias www.bgsisson.com DocumentRoot C:/www/resume </VirtualHost> I think i need to include a uriworkermap.properties file, but this is where I am getting stuck. I have put up a test .jsp at bgsisson.com/test.jsp It shows the JK Status Manager when I use JkMount /*.jsp jk-status and 502 Bad Gateway when I use JkMount /*.jsp ajp13 test.jsp <%-- use the 'taglib' directive to make the JSTL 1.0 core tags available; use the uri "http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" for JSTL 1.1 --%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%-- use the 'jsp:useBean' standard action to create the Date object; the object is set as an attribute in page scope --%> <jsp:useBean id="date" class="java.util.Date" /> <html> <head><title>First JSP</title></head> <body> <h2>Here is today's date</h2> <c:out value="${date}" /> </body> </html>

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• BSOD & System Failure after trying to install a new RAM

  - by Praveen Kumar

  I have updated the question with sections, so that people won't find it difficult to read. Basic System Information Let me give a basic introduction on my system. I have a system of following configuration: Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz 3.40GHz RAM: Corsair Vengeance - 4GB Single Module DDR3 Memory Kit (CMZ4GX3M1A1600C9) x 2 OS: Windows 7 Ultimate, SP1 Build 7601 HDD: 1 TB Seagate 7200 RPM The Problem It was working fine for about an year. Yesterday I planned to increase my RAM to 16 GB by putting another set of two Corsair Vengeance - 4GB Single Module DDR3 Memory Kit (CMZ4GX3M1A1600C9). I got it from an authorized reseller and also, the RAM was fitted by a service engineer only. After the RAM was fit (all the four), the system failed to start, with an error code of 0x000000f4. The complete information of it is: Problem signature: Problem Event Name: BlueScreen OS Version: 6.1.7601.2.1.0.256.1 Locale ID: 16393 Additional information about the problem: BCCode: f4 BCP1: 0000000000000003 BCP2: FFFFFA8008A39060 BCP3: FFFFFA8008A39340 BCP4: FFFFF800037C8510 OS Version: 6_1_7601 Service Pack: 1_0 Product: 256_1 Files that help describe the problem: C:\Windows\Minidump\093012-13041-01.dmp C:\Users\Praveen Kumar\AppData\Local\Temp\WER-30716-0.sysdata.xml Read our privacy statement online: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=104288&clcid=0x0409 If the online privacy statement is not available, please read our privacy statement offline: C:\Windows\system32\en-US\erofflps.txt Another Problem We first thought that it was the RAM, which caused the issue. So I returned the RAMs and now my computer configuration is exactly how it was the previous day. But, following the removal of the RAM, I also had several crashes after that. One suspicious thing was with an error code c0000134: STOP: c0000135 The program can’t start because %hs is missing from your computer . Try resintalling the program to fix this problem. After reading contents from this, this and this, which were never my case, they didn't help me. But I didn't receive any more STOP c0000134 messages. But this 0x000000f4 keeps on coming. I am writing from the same system and it allows me to work for say, half an hour max. Then I hear a device disconnect sound, the one you hear in Windows 7, when a USB Mass Storage Device is plugged out. Immediately following that, my screen goes blank and I get 0x000000f4 blue screen. Okay, now I am really concerned about my Hard Disk data, but I have no clue if there is a problem with the HDD. My Question What all files do I need to submit for your reference? Can this issue be fixed? I am getting more time if I remove my RAM, clean it and then put it back. Weird! Hope I have given the necessary information to help you guys. Thanks in advance. Minidumps I have uploaded all the Minidump DMP files from C:\Windows\Minidump folder here: http://www.praveen-kumar.com/Minidumps.zip Let me know if you face any issues in accessing it. Will be able to share elsewhere. Updates 30-Sep-2012 10:15 AM IST: When I keep the system cover opened, pressed the HDD Cable well, it is allowing me to be on for about half an hour, I guess? Also, I feel that the CPU fan speed is kind of slow. It rotates at around 900 RPM, but the CPU Temperature is not more than 70° C. 30-Sep-2012 10:30 AM IST: My Modem (Beetel 220BX ADSL2+ Router) failed. I have no idea how it is related to this issue, but I thought that I need to document this too. I really have a bad day here. 30-Sep-2012 11:00 AM IST: System still running fine, with the cabinet cover open, now for about an hour. 30-Sep-2012 12:00 PM IST: I shut down the system and closed the cabinet. Started the system, and it hung after giving the password. After a few minutes, got the same 0x000000f4 error. So, while it is in the upright position, fixed the Hard Disk cable and now it is booting fine. Waiting for more observations and answers.

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• simple and reliable centralized logging inside Amazon VPC

  - by Nakedible

  I need to set up centralized logging for a set of servers (10-20) in an Amazon VPC. The logging should be as to not lose any log messages in case any single server goes offline - or in the case that an entire availability zone goes offline. It should also tolerate packet loss and other normal network conditions without losing or duplicating messages. It should store the messages durably, at the minimum on two different EBS volumes in two availability zones, but S3 is a good place as well. It should also be realtime so that the messages arrive within seconds of their generation to two different availability zones. I also need to sync logfiles not generated via syslog, so a syslog-only centralized logging solution would not fulfill all the needs, although I guess that limitation could be worked around. I have already reviewed a few solutions, and I will list them here: Flume to Flume to S3: I could set up two logservers as Flume hosts which would store log messages either locally or in S3, and configure all the servers with Flume to send all messages to both servers, using the end-to-end reliability options. That way the loss of a single server shouldn't cause lost messages and all messages would arrive in two availability zones in realtime. However, there would need to be some way to join the logs of the two servers, deduplicating all the messages delivered to both. This could be done by adding a unique id on the sending side to each message and then write some manual deduplication runs on the logfiles. I haven't found an easy solution to the duplication problem. Logstash to Logstash to ElasticSearch: I could install Logstash on the servers and have them deliver to a central server via AMQP, with the durability options turned on. However, for this to work I would need to use some of the clustering capable AMQP implementations, or fan out the deliver just as in the Flume case. AMQP seems to be a yet another moving part with several implementations and no real guidance on what works best this sort of setup. And I'm not entirely convinced that I could get actual end-to-end durability from logstash to elasticsearch, assuming crashing servers in between. The fan-out solutions run in to the deduplication problem again. The best solution that would seem to handle all the cases, would be Beetle, which seems to provide high availability and deduplication via a redis store. However, I haven't seen any guidance on how to set this up with Logstash and Redis is one more moving part again for something that shouldn't be terribly difficult. Logstash to ElasticSearch: I could run Logstash on all the servers, have all the filtering and processing rules in the servers themselves and just have them log directly to a removet ElasticSearch server. I think this should bring me reliable logging and I can use the ElasticSearch clustering features to share the database transparently. However, I am not sure if the setup actually survives Logstash restarts and intermittent network problems without duplicating messages in a failover case or similar. But this approach sounds pretty promising. rsync: I could just rsync all the relevant log files to two different servers. The reliability aspect should be perfect here, as the files should be identical to the source files after a sync is done. However, doing an rsync several times per second doesn't sound fun. Also, I need the logs to be untamperable after they have been sent, so the rsyncs would need to be in append-only mode. And log rotations mess things up unless I'm careful. rsyslog with RELP: I could set up rsyslog to send messages to two remote hosts via RELP and have a local queue to store the messages. There is the deduplication problem again, and RELP itself might also duplicate some messages. However, this would only handle the things that log via syslog. None of these solutions seem terribly good, and they have many unknowns still, so I am asking for more information here from people who have set up centralized reliable logging as to what are the best tools to achieve that goal.

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• How should I config Apache2.2?

  - by user1607641

  I tried to configure Apache 2.2.17 with PHP5.4 using this manual. But when I restarted my PC and went to http://localhost/phpinfo.php, I received this message: Not Found. The requested URL /phpinfo.php was not found on this server. Here is my httpd.conf - (full version with comments) and a copy with the comments stripped for brevity: ServerRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache2.2" #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule php5_module "C:/Languages/PHP/php5apache2_4.dll" # PHP AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php PHPIniDir "C:/Languages/PHP" <IfModule !mpm_netware_module> <IfModule !mpm_winnt_module> User daemon Group daemon </IfModule> </IfModule> ServerAdmin [email protected] #ServerName localhost:80 DocumentRoot "C:/Sites" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> <Directory "C:/Sites"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html </IfModule> <FilesMatch "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> ErrorLog "logs/error.log" LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access.log" common </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "C:/Program Files/Apache2.2/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <IfModule cgid_module> #Scriptsock logs/cgisock </IfModule> <Directory "C:/Program Files/Apache2.2/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi #AddHandler type-map var #AddType text/html .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> #MIMEMagicFile conf/magic # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://localhost/subscription_info.html #MaxRanges unlimited #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile off # Server-pool management (MPM specific) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings #Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Directory with sites is C:/Sites and PHP is located at C:/Languages/PHP.

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• How to set up a centralized backup server with lots of offsite workstations, intermittent internet connectivity, and stubborn users?

  - by Zac B

  This might be an impossible question. Context: We have a bunch of computers across around 1000 users. We have a centralized office where 900 of the users work, most of the time. Most of the computers are laptops. They are very frequently coming on and off the network for hours at a time. Users often take their computers home and do lots of work from home. In addition, there are a handful of users who work elsewhere in the country, who are offline (no internet connection whatsoever) for more than half of the time they use their machines. All of the machines are Windows 7/XP. Problem: People are always losing data. One day someone accidentally deletes a bunch of files. The next day someone else installs a bad driver or tries to mess with something in system32 and needs a personal data backup/reinstall of Windows. Because of how many of our business operations are done without an internet connection, and how frequently computers come on- and offline, it's unfeasible to make users use network storage for all of their data. We tried giving them Dropboxes, and they stored their files elsewhere. We bought and deployed Altiris, and they uninstalled it and blamed us when they couldn't get files back that they accidentally deleted while they were offline and hadn't taken a backup in months. We tried teaching them backup best-practices, and using scheduled sync tools to upload things to the network drives, and they turned them off because they "looked like viruses". It doesn't help that many of these users are pretty high up in the business and are not amicable to any sort of "you need to do something regularly because we say so" solution. Question: Other than finding another job where IT is treated differently and users are willing to follow best practices, how would people recommend I implement a file backup solution that supports the following: Backs up to a centralized server over LAN or WAN whenever a network link becomes available, or on a schedule. Supports interrupted/resumed backups (and hopefully file-delta only backups), since connections to the network (WAN or LAN) are often slow and only open for half an hour or so. Supports relatively rapid, "I accidentally deleted the TPS reports! Oh no!" single-file recovery, ideally administered from the central backup server rather than the client PC. Supports local-to-local file delta backup on a schedule, so that users without a network connection for a few days can still retrieve accidental deletions or whatnot. Ideally, the local stored backups would be pushed up to the server whenever network link is available. Isn't configurable on the clients without certain credentials. Because the CFOs (who won't give up their admin rights on the domain) will disable it if they can. Backs up the entire hard drive. There are people who are self-righteous about storing things in C:\, or in the recycle bin, or in the C:\Windows dir (yes, I know). I'm fine integrating multiple products/solutions, or scripting different programs together myself (I'm a somewhat competent programmer), but I've been drawing a blank on where to start. Dropbox is folder-specific, Altiris doesn't cope with LAN outages or interrupted/resumed backups, Volume Shadow Copy is awesome for a local-to-local solution, but I don't know how to push days of stored shadow copies up to a server in a 2 hour window of network access. The company is fine with spending decent money on this, thousands (USD) on a server, and hundreds on clients, if necessary. I want to emphasize that this isn't a shopping list request. While I wish there was a program out there that did what I want, I've looked pretty hard, and not found anything that fits the bill. Instead, I'm hoping for ideas on where to start hacking things together from scratch/from different technologies to make something stable that works. Cheers!

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• ls hangs for a certain directory

  - by Jakobud

  There is a particular directory (/var/www), that when I run ls (with or without some options), the command hangs and never completes. There is only about 10-15 files and directories in /var/www. Mostly just text files. Here is some investigative info: [me@server www]$ df . Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_dev-lv_root 50G 19G 29G 40% / [me@server www]$ df -i . Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_dev-lv_root 3.2M 435K 2.8M 14% / find works fine. Also I can type in cd /var/www/ and press TAB before pressing enter and it will successfully tab-completion list of all files/directories in there: [me@server www]$ cd /var/www/ cgi-bin/ create_vhost.sh html/ manual/ phpMyAdmin/ scripts/ usage/ conf/ error/ icons/ mediawiki/ rackspace sqlbuddy/ vhosts/ [me@server www]$ cd /var/www/ I have had to kill my terminal sessions several times because of the ls hanging: [me@server ~]$ ps | grep ls gdm 6215 0.0 0.0 488152 2488 ? S<sl Jan18 0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog root 23269 0.0 0.0 117724 1088 ? D 18:24 0:00 ls -Fh --color=always -l root 23477 0.0 0.0 117724 1088 ? D 18:34 0:00 ls -Fh --color=always -l root 23579 0.0 0.0 115592 820 ? D 18:36 0:00 ls -Fh --color=always root 23634 0.0 0.0 115592 816 ? D 18:38 0:00 ls -Fh --color=always root 23740 0.0 0.0 117724 1088 ? D 18:40 0:00 ls -Fh --color=always -l me 23770 0.0 0.0 103156 816 pts/6 S+ 18:41 0:00 grep ls kill doesn't seem to have any affect on the processes, even as sudo. What else should I do to investigate this problem? It just randomly started happening today. UPDATE dmesg is a big list of things, mostly related to an external USB HDD that I've mounted too many times and the max mount count has been reached, but that is an un-related problem I think. Near the bottom of dmesg I'm seeing this: INFO: task ls:23579 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. ls D ffff88041fc230c0 0 23579 23505 0x00000080 ffff8801688a1bb8 0000000000000086 0000000000000000 ffffffff8119d279 ffff880406d0ea20 ffff88007e2c2268 ffff880071fe80c8 00000003ae82967a ffff880407169ad8 ffff8801688a1fd8 0000000000010518 ffff880407169ad8 Call Trace: [<ffffffff8119d279>] ? __find_get_block+0xa9/0x200 [<ffffffff814c97ae>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13e/0x180 [<ffffffff814c964b>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 [<ffffffff8117a4d3>] do_lookup+0xd3/0x220 [<ffffffff8117b145>] __link_path_walk+0x6f5/0x1040 [<ffffffff8117a47d>] ? do_lookup+0x7d/0x220 [<ffffffff8117bd1a>] path_walk+0x6a/0xe0 [<ffffffff8117beeb>] do_path_lookup+0x5b/0xa0 [<ffffffff8117cb57>] user_path_at+0x57/0xa0 [<ffffffff81178986>] ? generic_readlink+0x76/0xc0 [<ffffffff8117cb62>] ? user_path_at+0x62/0xa0 [<ffffffff81171d3c>] vfs_fstatat+0x3c/0x80 [<ffffffff81258ae5>] ? _atomic_dec_and_lock+0x55/0x80 [<ffffffff81171eab>] vfs_stat+0x1b/0x20 [<ffffffff81171ed4>] sys_newstat+0x24/0x50 [<ffffffff810d40a2>] ? audit_syscall_entry+0x272/0x2a0 [<ffffffff81013172>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b And also, strace ls /var/www/ spits out a whole BUNCH of information. I don't know what is useful here... The last handful of lines: ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0 ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=68, ws_col=145, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0 stat("/var/www/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0 open("/var/www/", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 fcntl(3, F_GETFD) = 0x1 (flags FD_CLOEXEC) getdents(3, /* 16 entries */, 32768) = 488 getdents(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768) = 0 close(3) = 0 fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 9), ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3093b18000 write(1, "cgi-bin conf create_vhost.sh\te"..., 125cgi-bin conf create_vhost.sh error html icons manual mediawiki phpMyAdmin rackspace scripts sqlbuddy usage vhosts ) = 125 close(1) = 0 munmap(0x7f3093b18000, 4096) = 0 close(2) = 0 exit_group(0) = ?

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• synchronization of file locations between two machines

  - by intuited

  Although similar threads have been asked on this site and its siblings before, I've not managed to glean the answer to this persistent question. Any help is much appreciated. The situation: I've got two laptops; both contain a ton of music. Sometimes I move these music files to different locations, or change the metadata in them, or convert them to a different format. I might do any of these things on either machine. I rarely do all of them at once — ie it's unlikely that I'll convert a file's format and move it to a different location all in one go. I'd like to be able to synchronize these changes without having to sift through everything that was renamed or moved. I'm familiar with rsync but I find it inadequate, because although it can compute checksums, it doesn't have any way to store them. So if a file differs, it can't figure out which side it changed on. This also means that it can't attempt to match a missing file to a new one with the same checksum (ie a move) if the filesize and date are the same, it , so it takes an epoch to do a sync on a large repository. I would like to only check the checksum if the files even if you turn on checksumming, it still doesn't use it intelligently: ie it checksums files even if the sizes differ. IIRC. it's not able to use file metadata as a means of file comparison. this is sort of a wishlist item but it seems doable. I've also looked into rsnapshot, but its requirement to create a full backup is impractical in this situation. I don't need a backup, I just need a record of what file with each hash was where when. Unison seems like it might be able to do something vaguely along these lines, but I'm loathe to spend hours wading through its details only to discover that it's sadly lacking. Plus, it's fun asking questions on here. What I'd like is a tool that does something along these lines: keeps track of file checksums or of actual renames, possibly using inotify to greatly reduce resource consumption/latency stores a database containing this info, along with other pertinencies like the file format and metadata, the actual inode, the filename history, etc. uses this info to provide more-intelligent synchronization with a counterpart on the other side. So for example: if a file has been converted from flac to ogg, but kept the same base filename, or the same metadata, it should be able to send the new version over, and the other side should delete the original. Probably it should actually sequester it somewhere in case they or you screwed up, but that's a detail. And then when the transaction is done, the state is logged so that the next time the two interact they can work out their differences. Maybe all this metadata stuff is a fancy pipe dream. I would actually be pretty happy if there was something out there that could just use checksums in an intelligent way. This would be sort of like having the intelligence of something like git, minus the need to duplicate data in an index/backup/etc (and branching, and checkouts, and all the other great stuff that RCSs do. basically just fast forward commit pushes are all I want, with maybe the option to roll back.) So is there something out there that can do this? If not, can someone suggest a good way to start making it?

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• Where should I go with hosting my site: VPS, GAE, another option?

  - by Jonathan Hayward

  My website, http://JonathansCorner.com/, began life before 1994 as www.imsa.edu/~jhayward/ and has been through various iterations and improvements to content, HTML, and the like, but remains a literature site that is from a web administrator's perspective fairly simple and primitive: a fair amount of static HTML and supporting files, a little bit of CGI and URI rewriting, .htaccess files providing Expires: headers and the like. An associated site demoes various CGI scripts that fall under the category of "and other creations"; the site as a whole has the purpose of sharing my creative works, and so far a fairly rudimentary use of Apache functionality, supported by Unix tools to, for instance, update RSS feed and the "starting point" link on the home page, has served that purpose fairly well. I looked around here on web hosting, and found the note on web host reccommendations as a good note for "What are some of people's favorite web hosts overall," but I wanted to ask a more focused question of "What are the best web hosts for criteria XYZ:" I am looking at a VPS so I will have root, be able to install stuff and edit Apache's config files etc., running Gentoo or other Linux, BSD, or the like. I would like a system that is secure enough that the host's vulnerabilities are mostly the ones that come along with what I am trying to do: that is, I won't be trying to administer and secure an ancient Linux like some have complained about at 1and1. I would like good uptime/reliability and competent support staff: if the level 1 help desk is going to tell me to go to "My Computer" on a Linux box, I'd like to be able to get past them. Ideally I would like a site hosted within some place that will have low latency for U.S. visitors in particular. I would like a hosting solution that will be with a stable business, one that will probably be around, and one unlikely to vanish without warning. With those things specified, I would be interested in knowing what are the less expensive options. (I expect that some of the things I've specified will knock out all of the cheapest options, but I'm still interested in price.) With all that stated, I'd like to back up a bit and look at whether I am asking the right question. I am concerned that the above is a very good way of asking, "How can I keep my site in line with the wave of the past?" I am wondering if it might be specifically wiser to look to adapt my site to newer technologies instead of trying to keep it on older technologies. For instance, while I would hardly portray my site as a way to show off the full power of Google App Engine, the main site at least should be a straightforward port if I were to do that. And beyond Google App Engine, my knowledge of cloud solutions is basic. If it is a better and more future-proof solution to port my site to another kind of solution, I would be interested in knowing where those future-proof solutions lie. So I would be interested in wisdom. If the question I asked in detail is still a good question to be asking, what would people suggest? Or if I should seriously consider porting my site to a newer basic option, what should I try there? Any thoughts would be appreciated.

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• Unison synchronization problem. Roots are not identical after synchronization.

  - by binary255

  Hi. When I synchronize two folders using Unison, only one of the roots seems to be affected. Below are all the information I would think is necessary to figure out why it is working like it is. I'm using $ unison -version unison version 2.27.57 From the Ubuntu repositories. My work laptop: $ echo $UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME worklaptop $ pwd /home/userfoo $ ls -lAR .unison* .unison: total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 userfoo userfoo 4096 2010-04-26 11:39 backups -rw-r--r-- 1 userfoo userfoo 231 2010-04-26 11:38 default.prf .unison/backups: total 0 .unisonroot: total 0 $ cat .unison/default.prf # Roots of the synchronization root = /home/userfoo/.unisonroot root = ssh://devel//home/userbar/.unisonroot path = * backuplocation = central backupdir = /home/.unison/backups backupprefix = $VERSION.bak $ mkdir .unisonroot/aDirectoryFrom-$UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME $ echo something >.unisonroot/aFileFrom-$UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME $ ls .unisonroot/ aDirectoryFrom-worklaptop aFileFrom-worklaptop And the Ubuntu server I want to synchronize with: $ echo $UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME workcmpuserbardevel $ pwd /home/userbar $ ls -lAR .unison* .unison: total 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 userbar userbar 4096 2010-04-26 11:38 .unison .unison/.unison: total 0 .unisonroot: total 0 $ mkdir .unisonroot/aDirectoryFrom-$UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME $ echo something >.unisonroot/aFileFrom-$UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME $ ls .unisonroot/ aDirectoryFrom-workcmpuserbardevel aFileFrom-workcmpuserbardevel I perform the unison synchronization: $ echo $UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME worklaptop $ unison Contacting server... Connected [//worklaptop//home/userfoo/.unisonroot -> //workcmpuserbardevel//home/userbar/.unisonroot] Looking for changes Warning: No archive files were found for these roots, whose canonical names are: /home/userfoo/.unisonroot //workcmpuserbardevel//home/userbar/.unisonroot This can happen either because this is the first time you have synchronized these roots, or because you have upgraded Unison to a new version with a different archive format. Update detection may take a while on this run if the replicas are large. Unison will assume that the 'last synchronized state' of both replicas was completely empty. This means that any files that are different will be reported as conflicts, and any files that exist only on one replica will be judged as new and propagated to the other replica. If the two replicas are identical, then no changes will be reported. If you see this message repeatedly, it may be because one of your machines is getting its address from DHCP, which is causing its host name to change between synchronizations. See the documentation for the UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME environment variable for advice on how to correct this. Donations to the Unison project are gratefully accepted: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison Press return to continue.[<spc>] Waiting for changes from server Reconciling changes local workcmps... dir ----> aDirectoryFrom-worklaptop [f] file ----> aFileFrom-worklaptop [f] Proceed with propagating updates? [] y Propagating updates UNISON 2.27.57 started propagating changes at 11:49:14 on 26 Apr 2010 [BGN] Copying aDirectoryFrom-worklaptop from /home/userfoo/.unisonroot to //workcmpuserbardevel//home/userbar/.unisonroot [BGN] Copying aFileFrom-worklaptop from /home/userfoo/.unisonroot to //workcmpuserbardevel//home/userbar/.unisonroot [END] Copying aDirectoryFrom-worklaptop [END] Copying aFileFrom-worklaptop UNISON 2.27.57 finished propagating changes at 11:49:14 on 26 Apr 2010 Saving synchronizer state Synchronization complete (2 items transferred, 0 skipped, 0 failures) And then check the .unisonroot directory on the computer I started the synchronization from: $ ls .unisonroot/ aDirectoryFrom-worklaptop aFileFrom-worklaptop And on the server: $ echo $UNISONLOCALHOSTNAME workcmpuserbardevel $ ls .unisonroot/ aDirectoryFrom-worklaptop aFileFrom-worklaptop aDirectoryFrom-workcmpuserbardevel aFileFrom-workcmpuserbardevel As can be seen above, the contents of the laptop .unisonroot has not changed while the servers .unisonroot has. The desired result would have been that the two folders would have ended up being identical, holding the union of the contents of the two roots.

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• Apache, ISPConfig & Roundcube alias

  - by Jay Zus

  I'm using ISPConfig to setup all the websites on my server but I also like to try to fiddle with the files myself to see how it works. Like you guessed, yes, I've broken something. I can't access my webmail setup by default on the server with the alias /webmail (I access it via the http://xxx.xxx.xx.xx/webmail) Firefox tells me that The page isn't redirecting properly Firefox has detected that the server is redirecting the request for this address in a way that will never complete. So I cleaned up my vhost files and the one of my websites work as intended, I think that the problem comes from my default.vhost. Here's the content of it <Directory /var/www/> AllowOverride None Order Deny,Allow Deny from all </Directory> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/ ServerAdmin [email protected] <Directory /var/www/> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> This isn't a lot and I can't really see what's wrong with it, all I know is that it isn't the one that came with ISPConfig and I can't find an original one. Here's the roundcube.conf that loads with apache # Those aliases do not work properly with several hosts on your apache server # Uncomment them to use it or adapt them to your configuration # Alias /roundcube/program/js/tiny_mce/ /usr/share/tinymce/www/ # Alias /roundcube /var/lib/roundcube Alias /webmail /var/lib/roundcube/ # Access to tinymce files <Directory "/usr/share/tinymce/www/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/> Options +FollowSymLinks # This is needed to parse /var/lib/roundcube/.htaccess. See its # content before setting AllowOverride to None. AllowOverride All order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> # Protecting basic directories: <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/config> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/temp> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> <Directory /var/lib/roundcube/logs> Options -FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Deny from all </Directory> I didn't touch that file, but I guess it has something to do with the problem. I just can't find why it doesn't work. EDIT: This is the errors in my apache's log [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 540 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0" [21/Jun/2013:21:10:54 +0200] "GET /webmail/ HTTP/1.1" 302 475 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0"

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• What NAS setup for two-way syncing over the internet?

  - by Jamse

  I have family living a few hours away and have a lot of files that I would like to share - especially lots of folders of digital photos, but also documents etc. - partially so they can see them, partially so I can have access when I visit them and partially for backup / redundancy purposes. My current hard drives on my main machine are getting pretty full anyway, and I have a MythTV box where my music is currently stored, so I was thinking of getting a NAS anyway. And at the other end my family have a few computers, so they would probably benefit from a NAS too. My general idea (though I'm willing to shift on this if there are any bright ideas about other ways of achieving my objectives) is to get a matching pair of NASs and have them sync over the internet. (To cut down on bandwidth use I would get them in sync locally to start with.) Having read around as best I can it seems that syncing over the internet is generally only a feature on quite high end units. However, I have seen that QNAP seem to feature this on their TS-110 and TS-210 units, which might work (they call it "remote replication"). They seem pretty reasonably priced for what they are, but of course with buying 2 of them and then adding the drives (say 1TB or 2TB each) I'd be looking at about £400 total. So, I'm looking for recommendations really. I don't want to spend more than the QNAPs would cost me, but any other ideas would be most appreciated. I am comfortable with technology and tinkering around, but I don't have as much time for that as I would like, so I guess I would favour solutions that require less tinkering rather than more (even though that's less fun!). Any thoughts would be welcome, as would any comments from people who have used the QNAP boxes for this. Thanks in advance. Some specifications: Two-way syncing. Changes made at either end should be synced to the other. There shouldn't be one unit that is effectively a read-only mirror of the other. Not real time. The syncing doesn't need to be real time - if it updated, say, daily overnight that would be fine. Set and forget. I would prefer minimal user interaction once set up - it would be great if syncs were scheduled and automatic. OS independence. I am running Windows XP plus an Ubuntu-based MythTV box. At the other end there are Windows 7 and Windows XP machines, plus a networked TV set top box which I think can play files off the network. Machine independence. I would favour a system that is self-contained, i.e. not reliant on any particular PC being switched on. If the system had enough else going for it I could perhaps work around it at this end, where I only have one PC that's used as such, but it would be harder at the other where there are at least two PCs that might be accessing the files. Notifications. I guess things like getting an email notification if the syncing fell over for any reason would be useful, though it's not a deal breaker. Update I've been digging some more and it looks like QNAP's Remote Replication function is actually just Rsync, so only really suitable for one-way syncing. I've posted on their forum to double check, but I think that's the case. In which case, I think the focus of my question is now either: do any reasonably-priced NASs support bidirectional syncing over the internet?, or has anyone had any luck installing onto NASs for this purpose? (Also, updated question to clarify that I'm after two-way syncing.)

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• e2fsck / resize2fs problems

  - by BlakBat

  I've got 6 drives (each 1.5T, all same model and firmware revision) that are part of a RAID5 array. The RAID5 makes a LVM volume group and a logical group. The latter contains only one ext3 partition. I've recently ran: e2fsck -f /dev/vg03/lv01 && resize2fs -M /dev/vg03/lv01 which exited without an error. Now when I try to mount /dev/vg03/lv01 I get: EXT3-fs error (device dm-0): ext3_check_descriptors: Block bitmap for group 30533 not in group (block 1000532368)! EXT3-fs: group descriptors corrupted! How do I get out of this predicament? This is all the info I can currently give you: fdisk -l /dev/sd[cdefgh] shows (correctly) that they are "Linux raid autodetect" but fdisk now shows: fdisk -l /dev/md0 Disk /dev/md0: 7501.5 GB, 7501495664640 bytes ... Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table (instead of a LVM type partition) fdisk -l /dev/vg03/lv01 Disk /dev/vg03/lv01: 7501.5 GB, 7501491732480 bytes ... Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/vg03/lv01 doesn't contain a valid partition table (instead of a ext3 type partition) I've tried: e2fsck -fy /dev/vg03/lv01 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... Block bitmap for group 30533 is not in group. (block 1000532368) Relocate? yes Inode bitmap for group 30533 is not in group. (block 1000532369) Relocate? yes Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Relocating group 30533's block bitmap to 1000524246... Error allocating 1 contiguous block(s) in block group 30533 for inode bitmap: Could not allocate block in ext2 filesystem e2fsck: aborted Extra information I can give you: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid5 sdg1[0] sdh1[5] sdf1[4] sde1[3] sdc1[2] sdd1[1] 7325679360 blocks level 5, 128k chunk, algorithm 2 [6/6] [UUUUUU] bitmap: 1/175 pages [4KB], 4096KB chunk unused devices: Lastly, all smartctl tests (short and extendend) showed no errors on any of the disks. Should I try to resize2fs to grow /dev/vg03/lv01 and redo a e2fsck ? Should I cfdisk /dev/md0 and /dev/vg03/lv01 back to their real types? Thanks in advance for all and any help. 2011-09-20 UPDATE I issued the following commands and was able to remount the partition, but by viewing the size (df) of before and after, it seems that 1Tb of data have gone missing. By checking the MD5SUMS (from an old backup) of some files with the "same" files from the remounted partition, some errors have been detected. Commands issued to remount the partition were: dumpe2fs /dev/vg03/lv01 Block count: 1000491435<br /> Block size: 4096<br /> tune2fs -O ^has_journal /dev/vg03/lv01 resize2fs -p /dev/vg03/lv01 dumpe2fs /dev/vg03/lv01 Block count: 1831418880<br /> Block size: 4096<br /> mount -o ro,noatime /dev/vg03/lv01 /mnt/raid OK... but files have been damaged / gone missing.

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• Windows 7 inbuilt and 3rd party (de)fragmentation related queries

  - by Karan

  I have a pretty good idea of how files end up getting fragmented. That said, I just copied ~3,200 files of varying sizes (from a few KB to ~20GB) from an external USB HDD to an internal, freshly formatted (under Windows 7 x64), NTFS, 2TB, 5400RPM, WD, SATA, non-system (i.e. secondary) drive, filling it up 57%. Since it should have been very much possible for each file to have been stored in one contiguous block, I expected the drive to be fragmented not more than 1-2% at most after this rather lengthy exercise (unfortunately this older machine doesn't support USB 3.0). Windows 7's inbuilt defrag utility told me after a quick analysis that the drive was fragmented only 1% or so, which dovetailed neatly with my expectations. However, just out of curiosity I downloaded and ran the latest portable x64 version of Piriform's Defraggler, and was shocked to see the drive being reported as being ~85% fragmented! The portable version of Auslogics Disk Defrag also agreed with Defraggler, and both clearly expected to grind away for ~10 hours to completely defragment the drive. 1) How in blazes could the inbuilt and 3rd party defrag utils disagree so badly? I mean, 10-20% variance is probably understandable, but 1% and 85% are miles apart! This Engineering Windows 7 blog post states: In Windows XP, any file that is split into more than one piece is considered fragmented. Not so in Windows Vista if the fragments are large enough – the defragmentation algorithm was changed (from Windows XP) to ignore pieces of a file that are larger than 64MB. As a result, defrag in XP and defrag in Vista will report different amounts of fragmentation on a volume. ... [Please read the entire post so the quote is not taken out of context.] Could it simply be that the 3rd party defrag utils ignore this post-XP change and continue to use analysis algos similar to those XP used? 2) Assuming that the 3rd party utils aren't lying about the real extent of fragmentation (which Windows is downplaying post-XP), how could the files have even got fragmented so badly given they were just copied over afresh to an empty drive? 3) If vastly differing analysis algos explain the yawning gap, which do I believe? I'm no defrag fanatic for sure, but 85% is enough to make me seriously consider spending 10 hours defragging this drive. On the other hand, 1% reported by Windows' own defragger clearly implies that there is no cause for concern and defragging would actually have negative consequences (as per the post). Is Windows' assumption valid and should I just let it be, or will there be any noticeable performance gains after running one of the 3rd party utils for 10 hours straight? 4) I see that out of the box Windows 7 defrag is scheduled to run weekly. Does anyone know whether it defrags every single time, or only if its analysis reveals a fragmentation percentage over a set threshold? If the latter, what is this threshold and can it be changed, maybe via a Registry edit? Thanks for reading through (my first query on this wonderful site!) and for any helpful replies. Also, if you're answering question #3, please keep in mind that any speed increases post defragging with 3rd party utils vis-à-vis Windows' inbuilt program should not include pre-Vista (preferably pre-Win7) examples. Further, examples of programs that made your system boot faster won't help in this case, since this is a non-system drive (although one that'll still be used daily).

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• File server share access intermittent/slow/machine unstable: win2k8r2

  - by Jack B.

  I have a file server running Win2k8R2 on an older HP DL380G4. It has nothing set up on it other than file sharing. All drivers/firmware/updates installed. The file server is used as a dump for a bunch of test machines - so essentially a lot of small files are being written to it. It was working fine until it started showing the following symptoms: Shares became either very slow/intermittent or could not access them at all. Logging in the the server, you could use it like normal but windows would start freezing and eventually you had to hard reboot it because nothing was responsive. After rebooting, it would work fine for 20min-2hours and then degrade into this broken state again. Some info after investigation: HP Raid Config utility shows the Raid array as functioning properly (RAID5 btw). Event log shows a bunch of DoS attacks from the test machines, saying it has disconnected the connection a. AFAIK (not part of my job) the test machines haven't changed the way they log information to this server or the amount of them hasn't increased. b. Nothing is infected, this server was scanned fully, and the test machines are re-imaged almost daily. Nothing in performance monitor shows as anything being pegged at maximum (CPU/HD/Network/RAM) I installed MS Network Monitor and it is showing a lot of traffic The server was using one gigabit Ethernet connection, I connected the second one as well with the same results. Forgot to add - one of the commonly written to dirs on the share has over 16k subdirs in it, with a crapton of small files within those dirs. Some of the OS instability was slow access to the drive which has this directory - perfmon doesn't show much activity on the HD though so I'm not sure if this crowded dir is the cause. Here is one important fact: I ran into this issue 2-3 months ago, couldn't figure it out, but I had a spare identical machine so I swapped them out (thought it was related to the machine), and now I have the same issue. Also, the computer will be stable if I turn off file sharing. So is the server just getting DoS'd by the test machines? I've never dealt with such an issue. Is instability in the server's OS common when getting DoS'd? Is there anything I can do to confirm this before telling the owners of the test machines to optimize their traffic? (I'm not sure what they'll be able to do). Is there something within Win2k8R2 that can balance the traffic across the two NICs? Any help would be appreciated. Update: Another thought - the drive with the share is RAID5 across 6 SCSI320 300GB HDs. They are near full capacity about 100GB from 1TB left. Could the amount of tiny files could be causing some weirdness with the parity in this array? I think I've read something about this in the past but I'm no expert on RAID.

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• What NAS setup for syncing over the internet?

  - by Jamse

  I have family living a few hours away and have a lot of files that I would like to share - especially lots of folders of digital photos, but also documents etc. - partially so they can see them, partially so I can have access when I visit them and partially for backup / redundancy purposes. My current hard drives on my main machine are getting pretty full anyway, and I have a MythTV box where my music is currently stored, so I was thinking of getting a NAS anyway. And at the other end my family have a few computers, so they would probably benefit from a NAS too. My general idea (though I'm willing to shift on this if there are any bright ideas about other ways of achieving my objectives) is to get a matching pair of NASs and have them sync over the internet. (To cut down on bandwidth use I would get them in sync locally to start with.) Having read around as best I can it seems that syncing over the internet is generally only a feature on quite high end units. However, I have seen that QNAP seem to feature this on their TS-110 and TS-210 units, which might work (they call it "remote replication"). They seem pretty reasonably priced for what they are, but of course with buying 2 of them and then adding the drives (say 1TB or 2TB each) I'd be looking at about £400 total. So, I'm looking for recommendations really. I don't want to spend more than the QNAPs would cost me, but any other ideas would be most appreciated. I am comfortable with technology and tinkering around, but I don't have as much time for that as I would like, so I guess I would favour solutions that require less tinkering rather than more (even though that's less fun!). Any thoughts would be welcome, as would any comments from people who have used the QNAP boxes for this. Thanks in advance. Some specifications: Two-way syncing. Changes made at either end should be synced to the other. There shouldn't be one unit that is effectively a read-only mirror of the other. Not real time. The syncing doesn't need to be real time - if it updated, say, daily overnight that would be fine. Set and forget. I would prefer minimal user interaction once set up - it would be great if syncs were scheduled and automatic. OS independence. I am running Windows XP plus an Ubuntu-based MythTV box. At the other end there are Windows 7 and Windows XP machines, plus a networked TV set top box which I think can play files off the network. Machine independence. I would favour a system that is self-contained, i.e. not reliant on any particular PC being switched on. If the system had enough else going for it I could perhaps work around it at this end, where I only have one PC that's used as such, but it would be harder at the other where there are at least two PCs that might be accessing the files. Notifications. I guess things like getting an email notification if the syncing fell over for any reason would be useful, though it's not a deal breaker.

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• Where is my VMware-ws FreeNAS CIFS(ZFS) bottle-neck?

  - by maka

  Background: I'm building a quiet HTPC + NAS that is also supposed to be used for general computer usage. I'm so far generally happy with things, it was just that I was expecting a little better IO performance. I have no clue if my expectations are unreal. The NAS is there as a general purpose file storage and as a media server for XBMC and other devices. ZFS is a requirement. Question: Where is my bottle-neck, and is there anything I can do config wise, to improve my performance? I'm thinking VM-disk settings could be something but I really have no idea where to go since I'm neither experienced with FreeNAS nor VMware-WS. Tests: When I'm on the host OS and copy files (from the SSD) to the CIFS share, I get around 30 Mbytes/sec read and write. When I'm on my laptop laptop, wired to the network, I get about the same specs. The test I've done are with a 16 GB ISO, and with about 200 MB of RARs and I've tried avoiding the RAM-cache by reading different files than the ones I'm writing ( 10 GB). It feels like having less CPU cores is a lot more efficient, since the resource manager in Windows reports less CPU-usage. With 4 cores in VMware, CPU usage was 50-80%, with 1 core it was 25-60%. EDIT: HD ActiveTime was quite high on SSD so I moved the page file, disabled hibernate and enabled Win DiskCache both on SSD and RAID. This resulted in no real performance difference for one file, but if i transferred 2 files the total speed went up to 50 Mbytes/s vs ~40. The ActiveTime avg also went down a lot (to ~20%) but has now higher bursts. DiskIO is on ~ 30-35 Mbytes/s avgs, with ~100Mb bursts. Network is on 200-250Mbits/s with ~45 active TCP connections. Hardware Asus F2A85-M Pro A10-5700 16GB DDR3 1600 OCZ Vertex 2 128GB SSD 2x Generic 1tb 7200 RPM drives as RAID0 (in win7) Intel Gigabit Desktop CT Software Host OS: Win7 (SSD) VMware Worksation 9 (SSD) FreeNAS 8.3 VM (20GB VDisk on SSD) CPU: I've tried 1, 2 and 4 cores. Virtualisation engine, Preferred mode: Automatic 10,24Gb ram 50Gb SCSI VDisk on the RAID0, VDisk is formatted as ZFS and exposed through CIFS through FreeNAS. NIC Bridge, Replicate physical network state Below are two typical process print-outs while I'm transfering one file to the CIFS share. last pid: 2707; load averages: 0.60, 0.43, 0.24 up 0+00:07:05 00:34:26 32 processes: 2 running, 30 sleeping Mem: 101M Active, 53M Inact, 1620M Wired, 2188K Cache, 149M Buf, 8117M Free Swap: 4096M Total, 4096M Free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND 2640 root 1 102 0 50164K 10364K RUN 0:25 25.98% smbd 1897 root 6 44 0 168M 74808K uwait 0:02 0.00% python last pid: 2746; load averages: 0.93, 0.60, 0.33 up 0+00:08:53 00:36:14 33 processes: 2 running, 31 sleeping Mem: 101M Active, 53M Inact, 4722M Wired, 2188K Cache, 152M Buf, 5015M Free Swap: 4096M Total, 4096M Free PID USERNAME THR PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU COMMAND 2640 root 1 76 0 50164K 10364K RUN 0:52 16.99% smbd 1897 root 6 44 0 168M 74816K uwait 0:02 0.00% python I'm sorry if my question isn't phrased right, I'm really bad at these kind of things, and it is the first time I post here at SU. I also appreciate any other suggestions to something, I could have missed.

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