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  • How to set up linux watchdog daemon with Intel 6300esb

    - by ACiD GRiM
    I've been searching for this on Google for sometime now and I have yet to find proper documentation on how to connect the kernel driver for my 6300esb watchdog timer to /dev/watchdog and ensure that watchdog daemon is keeping it alive. I am using RHEL compatible Scientific Linux 6.3 in a KVM virtual machine by the way Below is everything I've tried so far: dmesg|grep 6300 i6300ESB timer: Intel 6300ESB WatchDog Timer Driver v0.04 i6300ESB timer: initialized (0xffffc900008b8000). heartbeat=30 sec (nowayout=0) | ll /dev/watchdog crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 130 Sep 22 22:25 /dev/watchdog | /etc/watchdog.conf #ping = 172.31.14.1 #ping = 172.26.1.255 #interface = eth0 file = /var/log/messages #change = 1407 # Uncomment to enable test. Setting one of these values to '0' disables it. # These values will hopefully never reboot your machine during normal use # (if your machine is really hung, the loadavg will go much higher than 25) max-load-1 = 24 max-load-5 = 18 max-load-15 = 12 # Note that this is the number of pages! # To get the real size, check how large the pagesize is on your machine. #min-memory = 1 #repair-binary = /usr/sbin/repair #test-binary = #test-timeout = watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog # Defaults compiled into the binary #temperature-device = #max-temperature = 120 # Defaults compiled into the binary #admin = root interval = 10 #logtick = 1 # This greatly decreases the chance that watchdog won't be scheduled before # your machine is really loaded realtime = yes priority = 1 # Check if syslogd is still running by enabling the following line #pidfile = /var/run/syslogd.pid Now maybe I'm not testing it correctly, but I would expecting that stopping the watchdog service would cause the /dev/watchdog to time out after 30 seconds and I should see the host reboot, however this does not happen. Also, here is my config for the KVM vm <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using: virsh edit sl6template or other application using the libvirt API. --> <domain type='kvm'> <name>sl6template</name> <uuid>960d0ac2-2e6a-5efa-87a3-6bb779e15b6a</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>262144</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>262144</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.3.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'> <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model> <vendor>Intel</vendor> <feature policy='require' name='tm2'/> <feature policy='require' name='est'/> <feature policy='require' name='vmx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds'/> <feature policy='require' name='smx'/> <feature policy='require' name='ss'/> <feature policy='require' name='vme'/> <feature policy='require' name='dtes64'/> <feature policy='require' name='rdtscp'/> <feature policy='require' name='ht'/> <feature policy='require' name='dca'/> <feature policy='require' name='pbe'/> <feature policy='require' name='tm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdcm'/> <feature policy='require' name='pdpe1gb'/> <feature policy='require' name='ds_cpl'/> <feature policy='require' name='pclmuldq'/> <feature policy='require' name='xtpr'/> <feature policy='require' name='acpi'/> <feature policy='require' name='monitor'/> <feature policy='require' name='aes'/> </cpu> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/mnt/data/vms/sl6template.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:44:57:f6'/> <source bridge='br0.2'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:88:0f:42'/> <source bridge='br1'/> <model type='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <watchdog model='i6300esb' action='reset'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </watchdog> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> Any help is appreciated as the most I've found are patches to kvm and general softdog documentation or IPMI watchdog answers.

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  • Node.js vs PHP processing speed

    - by Cody Craven
    I've been looking into node.js recently and wanted to see a true comparison of processing speed for PHP vs Node.js. In most of the comparisons I had seen, Node trounced Apache/PHP set ups handily. However all of the tests were small 'hello worlds' that would not accurately reflect any webpage's markup. So I decided to create a basic HTML page with 10,000 hello world paragraph elements. In these tests Node with Cluster was beaten to a pulp by PHP on Nginx utilizing PHP-FPM. So I'm curious if I am misusing Node somehow or if Node is really just this bad at processing power. Note that my results were equivalent outputting "Hello world\n" with text/plain as the HTML, but I only included the HTML as it's closer to the use case I was investigating. My testing box: Core i7-2600 Intel CPU (has 8 threads with 4 cores) 8GB DDR3 RAM Fedora 16 64bit Node.js v0.6.13 Nginx v1.0.13 PHP v5.3.10 (with PHP-FPM) My test scripts: Node.js script var cluster = require('cluster'); var http = require('http'); var numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length; if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers. for (var i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function (worker) { console.log('worker ' + worker.pid + ' died'); }); } else { // Worker processes have an HTTP server. http.Server(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); res.write('<html>\n<head>\n<title>Speed test</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n'); for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { res.write('<p>Hello world</p>\n'); } res.end('</body>\n</html>'); }).listen(80); } This script is adapted from Node.js' documentation at http://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/cluster.html PHP script <?php echo "<html>\n<head>\n<title>Speed test</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n"; for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) { echo "<p>Hello world</p>\n"; } echo "</body>\n</html>"; My results Node.js $ ab -n 500 -c 20 http://speedtest.dev/ This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking speedtest.dev (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests Server Software: Server Hostname: speedtest.dev Server Port: 80 Document Path: / Document Length: 190070 bytes Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 14.603 seconds Complete requests: 500 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 95066500 bytes HTML transferred: 95035000 bytes Requests per second: 34.24 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 584.123 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 29.206 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 6357.45 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.2 0 2 Processing: 94 547 405.4 424 2516 Waiting: 0 331 399.3 216 2284 Total: 95 547 405.4 424 2516 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 424 66% 607 75% 733 80% 813 90% 1084 95% 1325 98% 1843 99% 2062 100% 2516 (longest request) PHP/Nginx $ ab -n 500 -c 20 http://speedtest.dev/test.php This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking speedtest.dev (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests Server Software: nginx/1.0.13 Server Hostname: speedtest.dev Server Port: 80 Document Path: /test.php Document Length: 190070 bytes Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 0.130 seconds Complete requests: 500 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 95109000 bytes HTML transferred: 95035000 bytes Requests per second: 3849.11 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 5.196 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.260 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 715010.65 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 0 0.2 0 1 Processing: 3 5 0.7 5 7 Waiting: 1 4 0.7 4 7 Total: 3 5 0.7 5 7 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 5 66% 5 75% 5 80% 6 90% 6 95% 6 98% 6 99% 6 100% 7 (longest request) Additional details Again what I'm looking for is to find out if I'm doing something wrong with Node.js or if it is really just that slow compared to PHP on Nginx with FPM. I certainly think Node has a real niche that it could fit well, however with these test results (which I really hope I made a mistake with - as I like the idea of Node) lead me to believe that it is a horrible choice for even a modest processing load when compared to PHP (let alone JVM or various other fast solutions). As a final note, I also tried running an Apache Bench test against node with $ ab -n 20 -c 20 http://speedtest.dev/ and consistently received a total test time of greater than 0.900 seconds.

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  • Share openVPN connection

    - by Douglas Gemignani
    Hello, Currently I have a server (dev tun) running openVPN and my WinXP client is able to connect to the server just fine. I have an ethernet device and I need to send data to a computer under the server's network, so since the device can't connect on its own I need to configurate my Windows XP to share its VPN connection. So, on my WinXP machine i have: Network Adapter #1 (ip 192.168.0.2 gw 192.168.0.1 with internet access). OpenVPN Connection (dhcp). Network Adapter #2 (crossover cable with device). Here is my client.ovpn cert gertec.crt key gertec.key client ns-cert-type server user nobody group nobody remote IP PORT ca ca.crt dev tun dev-node OpenVPN proto udp resolv-retry infinite nobind comp-lzo verb 3 I would appreciate any help.

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  • System Rescue CD on multiboot usb not working

    - by darkfeline
    I have a multiboot usb with System Rescue CD and GRUB2 on it. When I try to boot it, it tries to find systemrescuecd/sysrcd.dat, attempts to mount /dev/sr0 and all the partitions on /dev/sda before declaring cannot find systemrescuecd/sysrcd.dat on devices and dumping me onto a primitive shell. The relevant entries in grub.cfg: menuentry "SystemRescueCd 32bit" { linux /systemrescuecd/isolinux/rescuecd rootfs=/systemrescuecd subdir=systemrescuecd dostartx setkmap=us initrd /systemrescuecd/isolinux/initram.igz } menuentry "SystemRescueCd 64bit" { linux /systemrescuecd/isolinux/rescue64 rootfs=/systemrescuecd subdir=systemrescuecd dostartx setkmap=us initrd /systemrescuecd/isolinux/initram.igz } I think the problem is that System Rescue CD cannot see /dev/sdb, which is my usb, but I don't know where to begin to fix it. If it helps, I set up my USB with a utility called MultiSystem, which is like MultiISO for Linux.

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  • Make bootable iso with grub chainloading

    - by hlovdal
    My parents' pc has windows 7's boot manager installed at MBR and grub2 is installed on /dev/sda2 (booting linux on /dev/sda2). I want to make a bootable cd so that when booted from it just chainloads into the boot manager on the second partition. I assume using grub rather than grub2 for this will be simpler, using the configuration timeout=0 hiddenmenu default=0 title grub2 (/dev/sda2) rootnoverify (hd0,1) chainloader (hd0,1)+1 I know I can make a bootable linux cd in various ways, but that is not what I want. I just want to put grub/grub2 on the cd, no kernels or programs. The question is how do I make the iso file? I have found some references to installing on a floppy or usb disk, but all those assume the device is present when running the grub install commands. A iso file is different.

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  • Free space not reclaimed after online resizing ext4 in Ubuntu 9.10

    - by TiansHUo
    My root partition was filling up, with only 500 mbs left, I wanted to resize my root partition from 20 Gb to 40Gb So I resized my partition by using these steps: Using Gparted to resize another partition to give space for the EXT4 Using fdisk, deleting the root partition (on /dev/sda2), and creating it again using the new size resize2fs /dev/sda2 Updating grub2 But now the problem is that although I can boot in my new partition and the new partition shows it is 40Gb, but the free size was still 500mb. So I booted from a LiveCD and checked with e2fsck -p /dev/sda2, it reported clean. So I added the -f flag (force check), still, the drive is full.

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  • Resizing an iscsi LUN on an EMC under Linux RHEL 5

    - by niXar
    I expanded a LUN on my SAN (from 30G to 50G), and tried all kind of voodoo but it looks like the system still believes the device is still small, despite showing me the new size alright. # blockdev --getsize64 /dev/sdl 53687091200 # dd if=/dev/sdl skip=$(( 31*1024*1024*1024/512 )) count=1|hexdump -C dd: reading `/dev/sdl': Input/output error The dd line works for blocks below the 30G original size. If I reboot, the problem goes away, but I don't want to since the machine has a dozen VMs running. I tried various magic, such as: iscsiadm -m node -R -I iface0 ... to no avail. Note: I'm not using multipath.

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  • CentOS will not boot. Error 13

    - by ipengineer
    I am having trouble with one of our CentOS servers. I migrated this server to XenServer, installed a new xen kernel, and performed a mkinitrd with: mkinitrd --omit-scsi-modules --with=xennet --with=xenblk --preload=xenblk initrd-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen-no-scsi.img 2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen Now I am getting an error 13 on boot. Screenshot: http://postimage.org/image/k7js0l41v/ I can still boot with the PAE kernel. Does anyone have any idea on how to resolve this? My Grub file looks like: default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen ro root=/dev/hdb1 ramdisk_size=256000 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5xen-no-scsi.img title CentOS (2.6.18-308.4.1.el5PAE) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5PAE ro root=/dev/hdb1 ramdisk_size=256000 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-308.4.1.el5PAE.img title CentOS (2.6.18-274.17.1.el5PAE) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.17.1.el5PAE ro root=/dev/hdb1 ramdisk_size=256000 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.17.1.el5PAE.img

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  • How to use qcow2 disk image in Linux?

    - by sauparna
    I have a large qcow2 formatted disk image, which I use as storage. Often I need to move data to and from this disk image. I mount the disk using the qemu-nbd tool as follows: modprobe nbd max_part=63 qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 /host/disk100G.img mount /dev/nbd0p1 /home/rup/disk But disk access fails every now and then in the midst of some I/O operation with an "Input/output error". At that point I have to manually unmount the disk and re-mount it so that I can run the program again: qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd0 umount joborkhaki/ What could be the reason for this? Is there a better tool that I can use to maintain a qcow2 disk image?

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  • All Xen domU LVM volumes corrupt after reboot

    - by zcs
    I'm running a Debian Squeeze dom0, and after rebooting it all 7 of my domUs have data corruption. Each is setup as ext3 partition directly on a separate lvm2 volume. None of the lvm volumes will mount; all have bad superblocks. I've tried e2fsck with each superblock to no avail. What else can I try? Each domU has two LVM volumes connected to it, one for the disk and one for swap. The disk is mounted at root, formatted as a normal ext3 partition as a xen-blk device. The volumes are never mounted outside of the guest OS. I'm running Ubuntu 11.04 using the instructions here. I'm not sure that they didn't shutdown properly, all I know is they were corrupt after I issues a clean 'reboot' on the dom0. Here's a sample Xen config file; the rest are the same except for name, vcpus, memory, vif and disk. name = 'load1' vcpus = 2 memory = 512 vif = ['bridge=prbr0', 'bridge=eth0'] disk = ['phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-disk,xvda,w','phy:/dev/VolGroup00/load1-swap,xvdb,w'] #============================================================================ # Debian Installer specific variables def check_bool(name, value): value = str(value).lower() if value in ('t', 'tr', 'tru', 'true'): return True return False global var_check_with_default def var_check_with_default(default, var, val): if val: return val return default xm_vars.var('install', use='Install Debian, default: false', check=check_bool) xm_vars.var("install-method", use='Installation method to use "cdrom" or "network" (default: network)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('network', var, val)) # install-method == "network" xm_vars.var("install-mirror", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-suite", use='Debian suite to install (default: natty)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('natty', var, val)) # install-method == "cdrom" xm_vars.var("install-media", use='Installation media to use (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-cdrom-device", use='Installation media to use (default: xvdd)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('xvdd', var, val)) # Common options xm_vars.var("install-arch", use='Debian mirror to install from (default: amd64)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default('amd64', var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-extra", use='Extra command line options (default: None)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-installer", use='Debian installer to use (default: network uses install-mirror; cdrom uses /install.ARCH)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-kernel", use='Debian installer kernel to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.var("install-ramdisk", use='Debian installer ramdisk to use (default: uses install-installer)', check=lambda var, val: var_check_with_default(None, var, val)) xm_vars.check() if not xm_vars.env.get('install'): bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "network": import os.path print "Install Mirror: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-mirror'] print "Install Suite: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-suite'] if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = xm_vars.env['install-mirror']+"/dists/"+xm_vars.env['install-suite'] + \ "/main/installer-"+xm_vars.env['install-arch']+"/current/images" print "Installer: %s" % installer print print "WARNING: Installer kernel and ramdisk are not authenticated." print if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelurl = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskurl = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskurl = installer + "/netboot/xen/initrd.gz" import urllib class MyUrlOpener(urllib.FancyURLopener): def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs): raise IOError("%s %s" % (code, msg)) urlopener = MyUrlOpener() try: print "Fetching %s" % kernelurl kernel, _ = urlopener.retrieve(kernelurl) print "Fetching %s" % ramdiskurl ramdisk, _ = urlopener.retrieve(ramdiskurl) except IOError, _: raise elif xm_vars.env['install-method'] == "cdrom": arch_path = { 'i386': "/install.386", 'amd64': "/install.amd" } if xm_vars.env['install-media']: print "Install Media: %s" % xm_vars.env['install-media'] else: raise OptionError("No installation media given.") if xm_vars.env['install-installer']: installer = xm_vars.env['install-installer'] else: installer = arch_path[xm_vars.env['install-arch']] print "Installer: %s" % installer if xm_vars.env.get('install-kernel'): kernelpath = xm_vars.env['install-kernel'] else: kernelpath = installer + "/xen/vmlinuz" if xm_vars.env.get('install-ramdisk'): ramdiskpath = xm_vars.env['install-ramdisk'] else: ramdiskpath = installer + "/xen/initrd.gz" disk.insert(0, 'file:%s,%s:cdrom,r' % (xm_vars.env['install-media'], xm_vars.env['install-cdrom-device'])) bootloader="/usr/sbin/pygrub" bootargs="--kernel=%s --ramdisk=%s" % (kernelpath, ramdiskpath) print "From CD" else: print "WARNING: Unknown install-method: %s." % xm_vars.env['install-method'] if xm_vars.env.get('install'): # Figure out command line if xm_vars.env['install-extra']: extras=[xm_vars.env['install-extra']] else: extras=[] # Reboot will just restart the installer since this file is not # reparsed, so halt and restart that way. extras.append("debian-installer/exit/always_halt=true") extras.append("--") extras.append("quiet") console="hvc0" try: if len(vfb) >= 1: console="tty0" except NameError, e: pass extras.append("console="+ console) extra = str.join(" ", extras) print "command line is \"%s\"" % extra root There are two LVM logical volumes connected to each VM. Here's the fdisk -l output for the disk volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029c01 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-disk1 1 1045 8386560 83 Linux And the swap volume: Disk /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes 37 heads, 35 sectors/track, 809 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1295 * 512 = 663040 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004faae Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/VolGroup00/VMNAME-swap1 2 809 522240 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 1 has different physical/logical beginnings (non-Linux?): phys=(0, 32, 33) logical=(1, 21, 19) Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(65, 36, 35) logical=(808, 4, 28)

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  • kvm memory changes via virsh not propagating to vm

    - by kevintmckay
    Hi I just started using kvm on rhel6 and after creating a vm I tried to increase the memory but the changes I amde in the xml file do not propogate to vm, even after bouncing vm and restarting libvert? [root@kvm01 qemu]# virsh dominfo dev-kvm01 Id: 2 Name: dev-kvm01 UUID: 9b2bf581-2807-3116-b176-60e9c0559943 OS Type: hvm State: running CPU(s): 2 CPU time: 1975.3s Max memory: 7864320 kB Used memory: 7864320 kB Persistent: yes Autostart: disable Security model: selinux Security DOI: 0 Security label: system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c47,c760 (enforcing) [iknowmed@dev-kvm01 ~]$ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3632284 3614508 17776 0 3980 3491676 -/+ buffers/cache: 118852 3513432 Swap: 5668856 0 5668856

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  • Removable vs fixed mount points in Linux

    - by Dave
    What makes a mount point removable in Linux? I am using Gentoo Linux with Gnome 3.2, and I find it annoying that some of my drives (ex: /dev/sdb) appear as removable but not the others (ex: /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd). They are all in /etc/fstab, with the same options. They are all mounted properly at startup, they all work fine under my own folders /mnt/drive2 /mnt/drive3 /mnt/drive4. But only one of them (the first) appears in Nautilus (and in the Gnome 3 notification tray) as mountable/removable, not the others. Can I add options to my fstab to hide it? Or can I probe using udevadm or whatever? It looks strange to be able to remove/unmount fixed drives that I never need to unmount nor remove. Any pointer would be good, thanks.

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  • SElinux stopping LVS from working with https

    - by J Hoskins
    LVS/piranha is setup and trying to get it to balance https instead of http. Setup https testing with wget - idea from this link. Works when I do it at the command prompt. With SELinux enforcing, the wget fails to run due to the lack of access to /dev/random. (Error - Could not seed PRNG; consider using --random-file. Disabling SSL due to encountered errors.) wget runs as system_u:system_r:piranha_lvs_t:s0 but the file/device /dev/random has system_u:object_r:random_device_t:s0 Also, wget is trying to getattr and read. How do you allow wget to use /dev/random so it will do ssl?

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  • ubuntu automount: only mounting drives as root?

    - by glisignoli
    I'm sharing the /mount dir with smb so users on my network can access use drives added to my linux box. Users are able to read files but not write, modify or delete files or directories. I'm using ubuntu 10.04 server edition with halevt installed for usb auto mounting. Afaik halevt is automounting the drives to /media/ but the drives are showing up as: drwxrwxr-x 1 root root 20480 2010-12-29 20:40 disk drwxrwxr-x 1 root root 24576 2010-12-21 17:20 Sparta mount gives me: /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /media/disk type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,sync,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions) /dev/sdc1 on /media/Sparta type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,sync,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions) When I umount the drives, the folders /media/disk and /media/Sparta are both removed. I tried changing the permissions with chown to nobody:nogroup but it doesn't work (which I assume is because they are ntfs drives).

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  • How do I recover from a Linux CentOS 4.6 Operating System Crash

    - by Greg Omebije
    Our x86 Linux server running CentOS4.6 has crashed. The machine boots only to the Grub prompt. We have tried using the "rescue mode" to recover the System, but it hasn't worked. How can we fix this problem, so that the machine boots normally? How can we fix this problem to the point were we can recover our files from the server Our Linux Server Configuration: Dell PowerEdge 1950 Intel Xeon 2 HDD (146GB each) 4GB RAM Hardware and Software raid setup CentOS 4.6 We used Sysrecord to boot the computer: the following are the output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 293.3 GB, 292326211584 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 35539 Cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000080 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 17769 142625070 8e Linux LVM

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  • Oracle parameter array binding from c# executed parallel and serial on different servers

    - by redir_dev_nut
    I have two Oracle 9i 64 bit servers, dev and prod. Calling a procedure from a c# app with parameter array binding, prod executes the procedure simultaneously for each value in the parameter array, but dev executes for each value serially. So, if the sproc does: select count(*) into cnt from mytable where id = 123; if cnt = 0 then insert into mytable (id) values (123); end if; Assuming the table initially does not have an id = 123 row. Dev gets cnt = 0 for the first array parameter value, then 1 for each of the subsequent. Prod gets cnt = 0 for all array parameter values and inserts id 123 for each. Is this a configuration difference, an illusion due to speed difference, something else?

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  • zram trimming by writing zero pages

    - by qdot
    I'm using ZRAM as a backing block device for /tmp filesystem in the following manner: echo 8000000000 > /sys/block/zram0/disksize mkfs.ext4 -O dir_nlink,extent,extra_isize,flex_bg,^has_journal,uninit_bg -m0 \ -b 4096 -L "zram0" /dev/zram0 mount -o barrier=0,commit=240,noatime,nodev,nosuid /dev/zram0 /tmp chmod aogu+rwx /tmp It works out reasonably well for me - however, there is an issue here - when files are removed, they are not zero'ed, so the ZRAM does not remote the compressed pages. Obviously running dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/ZERO bs=1M count={free-space-some-rest}; rm /tmp/ZERO clears it up in the ZRAM - it gets notified of zero-pages and shrinks the store. How can I get ext4 to zero used pages on delete? Also, any other suggestions on how to optimize it?

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  • Error installing Arch Linux

    - by Garethj94
    So, I am trying to install Arch Linux on my Acer Aspire 4830tg, but I keep running into problems. Some background knowledge, I am trying to install Arch off a usb stick and I got the iso image using bittorrent. I am also trying to install it alongside of Windows 8 (which is already installed). So when I boot into Arch linux I get this error: :: Mounting '/dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201212' to 'run/archiso/bootmnt' Waiting 30 seconds for device /dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201212 ... ERROR: '/dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201212' device did not show up after 30 seconds... Falling back to interactive prompt You can try to fix the problem manually, log out when you are finished sh: can't access tty; job control turned off I know that it will work if I run it on a virtual machine but whenever I try to install it on my laptop I keep getting this error. And since you can't register for the Arch forums without a Arch terminal to run their captcha command I can't ask this on their forums.

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  • How to format DVD-RAM?

    - by AndrejaKo
    I have few DVD-RAM disks and when using udftools, specifically sudo mkudffs --media-type=dvdram /dev/sr0 where /dev/sr0 is my DVD-RAM drive, I get trying to change type of multiple extents and nothing happens. What should I do? EDIT After trying with dvd+tools, here's what I got: #dvd+rw-format /dev/dvd -format=full -ssa=default * BD/DVD±RW/-RAM format utility by <[email protected]>, version 7.1. * 4.6GB DVD-RAM media detected. * formatting 54.8| And same error as before from mkudffs.

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  • Is my Windows partition too far down on the disk?

    - by Trevor Alexander
    I have /boot/ on /dev/sda1 (1GB), followed by my Linux root LVM on /dev/sda2 (1.3GB). Finally, I installed Windows 7 on /dev/sda3 in the remaining 700GB of space. When I select Windows 7 in the grub menu, I get something like the following error and am thrown to grub4dos: find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /bootmgr Error 15: file not found Unable to locate necessary tables for adjustment. None of the options in grub4dos return anything but the above error. I heard that 1TB is the upper limit for locating Windows 7 partitions; is this true? How can I fix the above?

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  • $HTTP_HOST multiple rewrite

    - by nrivoli
    I have Apache 2.2, Ubuntu 12. I want to load a different envionment based on my HTTP_HOST, this works for the first domain only, after that I get error 500, " Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error. Use 'LimitInternalRecursion' to increase the limit if necessary. Use 'LogLevel debug' to get a backtrace." and I am not able to see my error... RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteRule ^ - [F] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^server-dev.domain.tld$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /api/dev.php/$1 [L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^server-qa.domain.tld$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /api/qa.php/$1 [L] #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^localhost$ [NC] #RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /api/localhost.php/$1 [L] I am accesing to https://server-dev.domain.tl/api/whatever https://server-qa.domain.tl/api/whatever

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  • Linux policy routing - packets not coming back

    - by Bugsik
    i am trying to set up policy routing on my home server. My network looks like this: Host routed VPN gateway Internet link through VPN 192.168.0.35/24 ---> 192.168.0.5/24 ---> 192.168.0.1 DSL router 10.200.2.235/22 .... .... 10.200.0.1 VPN server The traffic from 192.168.0.32/27 should be and is routed through VPN. I wanted to define some routing policies to route some traffic from 192.168.0.5 through VPN as well - for start - from user with uid 2000. Policy routing is done using iptables mark target and ip rule fwmark. The problem: When connecting using user 2000 from 192.168.0.5 tcpdump shows outgoing packets, but nothing comes back. Traffic from 192.168.0.35 works fine (here I am not using fwmark but src policy). Here is my VPN gateway setup: # uname -a Linux placebo 3.2.0-34-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Thu Nov 15 10:49:02 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux # iptables -V iptables v1.4.12 # ip -V ip utility, iproute2-ss111117 IPtables rules (all policies in table filter are ACCEPT) # iptables -t mangle -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 770K packets, 314M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 767K packets, 312M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 5520 packets, 1920K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 782K packets, 901M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 74 4707 MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner UID match 2000 MARK set 0x3 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 788K packets, 903M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination # iptables -t nat -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 996 packets, 51172 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 7 packets, 432 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1364 packets, 112K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2302 packets, 160K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 119 7588 MASQUERADE all -- * vpn 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Routing: # ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master lan state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: lan: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.5/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global lan inet6 fe80::240:63ff:fef9:c38f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: vpn: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100 link/none inet 10.200.2.235/22 brd 10.200.3.255 scope global vpn # ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32764: from all fwmark 0x3 lookup VPN 32765: from 192.168.0.32/27 lookup VPN 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default # ip route show table VPN default via 10.200.0.1 dev vpn 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 # ip route show default via 192.168.0.1 dev lan metric 100 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 TCP dump showing no traffic coming back when connection is made from 192.168.0.5 user 2000 # tcpdump -i vpn tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on vpn, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes ### Traffic from user 2000 on 192.168.0.5 ### 10:19:05.629985 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6887764 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 10:19:21.678001 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6891776 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 ### Traffic from 192.168.0.35 ### 10:23:12.066174 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2294159276, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 4,nop,nop,TS val 557451322 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 10:23:12.265640 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [S.], seq 2521908813, ack 2294159277, win 14480, options [mss 1367,sackOK,TS val 388565772 ecr 557451322,nop,wscale 1], length 0 10:23:12.276573 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451534 ecr 388565772], length 0 10:23:12.293030 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:480, ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451552 ecr 388565772], length 479 10:23:12.574773 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [.], ack 480, win 7776, options [nop,nop,TS val 388566081 ecr 557451552], length 0

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  • Serve up PC hard drive as USB mass storage

    - by sheepsimulator
    Is there a software package available that can serve up a hard-drive internal to a PC and make it available over USB to other USB Master nodes as mass storage? Ex: take your C: or /dev/hda drive on a PC (let's call the computer PC-A), and run a driver program which makes your C: or /dev/hda drive available to external devices as USB mass storage. When you'd hook up another PC (PC-B) to PC-A via USB, it would detect a USB mass storage device, which is C: or /dev/hda on PC-A. Is this even possible? EDIT: I know that there are other ways of making data on a drive available between two different computers (eg. putting PC-A's hdd in a USB-drive-enclosure, or having PC-A make the hdd available via a network share). But I'd like to know if the method that I describe above is even technically possible.

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  • How to detect hard disk failure?

    - by Devator
    So, one of my servers has a hard disk failure. It's running software RAID, the system locked up and according to /proc/mdstat (and /var/log/messages), it's really down: Personalities : [raid1] md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1] 104320 blocks [2/1] [_U] md5 : active raid1 sdb5[1] 2104448 blocks [2/1] [_U] md6 : active raid1 sdb6[1] 830134656 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] 143363968 blocks [2/1] [_U] and Nov 5 22:04:37 m38501 smartd[4467]: Device: /dev/sda, not capable of SMART self-check However when I do smartctl -H /dev/sda, it passes the test. It also passes the test with smartctl --test=short /dev/sda. So, is smartctl a broken testing tool, or am I doing something completely off?

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  • Xen 4.0.1 on Ubuntu 10.10 not booting

    - by Disco
    I'm trying to get Xen 4.0.1 run as dom0 on a fresh/clean install of 10.10 desktop (x64). Followed the step by step tutorial at http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/Xen4.0 I have the pvops kernel in /boot, also included the ext4 fs support by recompiling the kernel by : make -j6 linux-2.6-pvops-config CONFIGMODE=menuconfig make -j6 linux-2.6-pvops-build make -j6 linux-2.6-pvops-install Here's my grub entry : menuentry 'Xen4' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 insmod ext3 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2bf3177a-92fd-4196-901a-da8d810b04b4 multiboot /xen-4.0.gz dom0_mem=1024M loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all module /vmlinuz-2.6.32.27 root=UUID=2bf3177a-92fd-4196-901a-da8d810b04b4 ro module /initrd.img-2.6.32.27 } blkid /dev/sda1 gives the : /dev/sda1: UUID="2bf3177a-92fd-4196-901a-da8d810b04b4" TYPE="ext3" My partition shemes is : /boot (ext3) / (ext4) Whatever option i've tried i end up with : mounting none on /dev failed: no such file or directory And message complaining that it cannot find the device with uuid ... It's taking my hairs out, if somone has a clue ...

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