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  • "You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run: libc.so.6" The common fixes don't work,

    - by M_Steam_User
    So I know this is a problem that has been asked around a lot, but I've tried a bunch of solutions with no success. I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 (64 bit), and I just installed it yesterday. This is my first time working with linux. The error is: You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run: libc.so.6 Things I've tried. First, I had downloaded from the steam website. I uninstalled it, and tried again from the ubuntu software centre. sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ia32-libs sudo apt-get upgrade This installed a bunch of the 32 bit libraries, but did not fix the issue. This seems like the major fix for most people. The direct approach of sudo apt-get install libc.so.6 returns this: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package libc.so.6 E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'libc.so.6' I guess libc.so.6 isn't a package, just a single file or something? I also tried gksudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/steam.conf Added these two lines, those the second one was all ready in the file, but copied over: /usr/lib32 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa Then executed: sudo ldconfig But nothing seemed to happen, steam still doesn't work. So, I feel like it is more likely that I have the library and steam isn't looking in the right place. One thing I've seen is people usually reference /usr/local/lib/ for your library locations. However, I can't find where to cd into /usr/, it isn't in my home folder. If /usr/ is the home folder, there is only a /.local folder which only has /share, no lib anywhere. Sorry for my linux ignorance. I appreciate any help, I honestly have no idea how to confirm I have the library and point steam to it, or if that is even the right thing to do. Edit: Tried this, not entirely sure what it means ~$ ls -l /lib32/libc* -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1721832 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libc-2.15.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 185928 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcidn-2.15.so lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcidn.so.1 -> libcidn-2.15.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34316 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcrypt-2.15.so lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.15.so lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.15.so

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  • Multiple Problems Installing 12.04, now can't use Windows

    - by user87997
    First I tried using the 32-bit wubi.exe installer from the main Ubuntu website. It worked fine, dual booted with Windows 7 and all. I tried installing several applications and got errors. After searching for a little while for a fix, I found that someone else had solved the problem by uninstalling the 32-bit version and installing 64-bit Ubuntu. Apparently there is no wubi.exe installer for the 64-bit version, so I used LinuxLive to put the iso file onto a USB drive. I changed my the boot order in BIOS to check the USB first. It did, and I got into the Ubuntu installer just fine. Everything was working fine, but then I got an error that GRUB could not be installed. I chose "install manually later" or something like that. Immediately, the installer said it was done and ready for a reboot. At this point, my USB is still in the computer. The computer reboots...and it's back at the installer for the USB. I look up what's going on here, and someone says in a thread they solved it by selecting "Try Ubuntu" then installing it via a shortcut on the desktop. I assumed that Ubuntu simply hadn't installed and it would be safe to try again, so I did. It finished installing, this time I chose a different partition that wasn't being used. The thread also said to reinstall grub to the mounted drive, so I did that. Next I took out my USB and rebooted. I get stuck on the GRUB GNU loader, v.1.99 or something I believe it says at the top. I can't do anything, and it doesn't detect Windows 7 OR Ubuntu. When I check partitions, I have two 43 GB partitions that both have the same files in them (I'm assuming those are the two Ubuntu installations), and can only run Ubuntu off of my USB-- and can't run Windows 7 at all, however from within Ubuntu the windows 7 filesystem and files can still be seen. I have no idea what to do now. I used Ubuntu in the past (9.xx) and never had these sorts of problems! Please help. And sorry for the wall of text.

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  • laptop will not boot after attempting upgrade to 13.10

    - by naerwenya
    I wanted to update my OS to the new 14.04 LTS. I was running 12.04 LTS before and followed the advice that upgrades should be done in steps. I first upgraded to 12.10, which seemed to work fine, and later to 13.10. This was all done through the Software Manager. After the last upgrade, I am no longer able to boot up my computer. The GNU GRUB menu opens up, but after selecting Ubuntu, it just stalls with a blank purple screen. If I select one of the other kernels, it also stalls after "Loading initial ramdisk...". I can't get into the Recovery Menu, either. I'm still rather new to Linux and may have possibly made the situation worse. Unfortunately, nothing has worked yet. I tried reinstalling from a flash drive and on my first attempt, the wizard recognised a previous installation. Unfortunately, the wizard also didn't like how my partitions were set up (I didn't change anything) and gave an error before closing. Unfortunately, I didn't write the error down, but it was about the boot partition. On the next attempt and ever since, the installation wizard has stated that "This computer currently has no detected operating systems." This is strange, because I could see the disk and even access my files when booting up from the USB. At this point, I decided to back up my important files using dropbox. Before losing all my files, I wanted to try the Boot-Repair tool, which also produced no results, and the files are no longer visible when booting from USB. The link to the Boot-Repair log is at http://paste.ubuntu.com/7457249/. If I then proceed through to the "Something else" installation option, I can see that the partitions still exist. This is what they look like: /dev/sda free space (size indicated 1MB) /dev/sda1 efi (33MB of 98 MB used) /dev/sda2 efi (352634MB of 746330MB used) /dev/sda3 swap (3725MB, none used) free space (0MB) Is there any way I might be able to get my computer to work and preserve my files as well?

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  • Invalid keystore format with SSL in Tomcat 6

    - by strauberry
    I'm trying to setup SSL in my local Tomcat 6 installation. For this, I followed the official How-To doing the following: $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -v -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -keypass changeit -storepass changeit $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -export -alias tomcat -storepass changeit -file /root/server.crt Then changing the $CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml, in-commenting this: <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="/root/.keystore" keystorePass="changeit" /> After starting Tomcat, I get this Exception: INFO: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080 30.06.2011 10:15:24 org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSESocketFactory getStore SCHWERWIEGEND: Failed to load keystore type JKS with path /root/.keystore due to Invalid keystore format java.io.IOException: Invalid keystore format at sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore.engineLoad(JavaKeyStore.java:633) at sun.security.provider.JavaKeyStore$JKS.engineLoad(JavaKeyStore.java:38) at java.security.KeyStore.load(KeyStore.java:1185) When I look into the keystore with keytool -list I get root@host:~# $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -list Enter key store password: changeit Key store type: gkr Key store provider: GNU-CRYPTO Key store contains 1 entry(ies) Alias name: tomcat Creation timestamp: Donnerstag, 30. Juni 2011 - 10:13:40 MESZ Entry type: key-entry Certificate fingerprint (MD5): 6A:B9:...C:89:1C Obviously, the keystore types are different. How can I change the type and will this fix my problem? Thank you!

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  • CRM 2011 - Workflows Vs JavaScripts

    - by Kanini
    In the Contact entity, I have the following attributes Preferred email - A read only field of type Email Personal email 1 - An email field Personal email 2 - An email field Work email 1 - An email field Work email 2 - An email field School email - An email field Other email - An email field Preferred email option - An option set with the following values {Personal email 1, Personal email 2, Work email 1, Work email 2, School email and Other email). None of the above mentioned fields are required. Requirement When user picks a value from Preferred email option, we copy the email address available in that field and apply the same in the Preferred email field. Implementation The Solution Architect suggested that we implement the above requirement as a Workflow. The reason he provided was - most of the times, these values are to be populated by an external website and the data is then fed into CRM 2011 system. So, when they update Preferred email option via a Web Service call to CRM, the WF will run and updated the Preferred email field. My argument / solution What will happen if I do not pick a value from the Preferred email Option Set? Do I set it to any of the email addresses that has a value in it? If so, what if there is more than one of the email address fields are populated, i.e., what if Personal email 1 and Work email 1 is populated but no value is picked in the Option Set? What if a value existed in the Preferred email Option Set and I then change it to NULL? Should the field Preferred email (where the text value of email address is stored) be set to Read Only? If not, what if I have picked Personal email 1 in the Option Set and then edit the Preferred email address text field with a completely new email address If yes, then we are enforcing that the preferred email should be one among Personal email 1, Personal email 2, Work email 1, Work email 2, School email or Other email [My preference would be this] What if I had a value of [email protected] in the personal email 1 field and personal email 2 is empty and choose value of Personal email 1 in the drop down for Preferred email (this will set the Preferred email field to [email protected]) and later, I change the value to Personal email 2 in the Preferred email. It overwrites a valid email address with nothing. I agree that it would be highly unlikely that a user will pick Preferred email as Personal email 2 and not have a value in it but nevertheless it is a possible scenario, isn’t it? What if users typed in a value in Personal email 1 but by mistake picked Personal email 2 in the option set and Personal email 2 field had no value in it. Solution The field Preferred email option should be a required field A JS should run whenever Preferred email option is changed. That JS function should set the relevant email field as required (based on the option chosen) and another JS function should be called (see step 3). A JS function should update the value of Preferred email with the value in the email field (as picked in the option set). The JS function should also be run every time someone updates the actual email field which is chosen in the option set. The guys who are managing the external website should update the Preferred email field - surely, if they can update Preferred email option via a Web Service call, it is easy enough to update the Preferred email right? Question Which is a better method? Should it be written as a JS or a WorkFlow? Also, whose responsibility is it to update the Preferred email field when the data flows from an external website? I am new to CRM 2011 but have around 6 years of experience as a CRM consultant (with other products). I do not come from a development background as I started off as a Application Support Engineer but have picked up development in the last couple of years.

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  • MySQL SSL: bad other signature confirmation

    - by samJL
    I am trying to enable SSL connections for MySQL-- SSL will show as enabled in MySQL, but I can't make any connections due to this error: ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: ASN: bad other signature confirmation I am running the following: Ubuntu Version: 14.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-34-generic x86_64) MySQL Version: 5.5.38-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 OpenSSL Version: OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014 I used these commands to generate my certificates (all generated in /etc/mysql): openssl genrsa -out ca-key.pem 2048 openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3650 -key ca-key.pem -out ca-cert.pem -subj "/C=US/ST=NY/O=MyCompany/CN=ca" openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -days 3650 -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem -subj "/C=US/ST=NY/O=MyCompany/CN=server" openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -days 3650 -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem -subj "/C=US/ST=NY/O=MyCompany/CN=client" openssl rsa -in client-key.pem -out client-key.pem openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out client-cert.pem I put the following in my.cnf: [mysqld] ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ca-cert.pem ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem When I attempt to connect specifying the client certificates-- I get the following error: mysql -uroot -ppassword --ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/ca-cert.pem --ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/etc/mysql/client-key.pem ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: ASN: bad other signature confirmation If I connect without SSL, I can see that MySQL has correctly loaded the certificates: mysql -uroot -ppassword --ssl=false mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%'; +---------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------------------------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | | ssl_ca | /etc/mysql/ca-cert.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /etc/mysql/server-cert.pem | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /etc/mysql/server-key.pem | +---------------+----------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) My generated certificates pass OpenSSL verification and modulus: openssl verify -CAfile ca-cert.pem server-cert.pem client-cert.pem server-cert.pem: OK client-cert.pem: OK What am I missing? I used this same process before on a different server and it worked- however the Ubuntu version was 12.04 LTS and the OpenSSL version was older (don't remember specifically). Has something changed with the latest OpenSSL? Any help would be appreciated!

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  • blu-ray archiving in vmware ESXi 4

    - by spacecadet77
    Hi, I need some advice about using blu-ray writer for archiving data on vmware ESXi 4. At office we have IBM System x3400 Tower server with ESXi 4 hipervisor and OpenSuse and CentOS GNU/Linux system as guests. Will blu-ray writer work in this setup, and if it will is there any particular model you can suggest. Best regards IBM System x3400 Tower server specification: 1x Intel Quad-Core Xeon E5410 2.33GHz/ 12MB/ 1333MHz (2x CPU max) Intel 5000P chipset, 2x 1GB PC2-5300 DDR2 667MHz SDRAM ECC Chipkill (32GB max) 2x4GB (2x2GB) PC2-5300 CL5 ECC DDR2 FBDIMM (x3400, x3550, x3650) SAS/SATA Hot-Swap Open Bay (0xHDD std, 4xHDD max, 8xHDD optional) ServeRAID 8K dual channel SAS/SATA controller (RAID 0,1,1E,10,5,6, 256MB, Battery Backup) Graphics ATI® RN50(ES1000) 16MB DDR, CD-RW/DVD Combo no FDD GigaEthernet, Tower with Power Supply 835W (opt Redudant) Slot 1: half-length, PCI-Express x8(x4 electrical) Slot 2: full, PCI-Express x8 Slot 3: full, PCI-Express x8 Slot 4: full, 64-bit 133MHz 3.3v PCI-X Slot 5: full, 64-bit 133MHz 3.3v PCI-X , Slot 6: half-length, 32-bit 33MHz 5.0v PCI ports: 4x USB (Vers 2.0), 2x PS/2, parallel, 2x serial (9-pin), VGA, RJ-45 (ethernet ), RJ-45 (sys mgm) HDD 4 x TB 7200rpm / Serial ATA II 3.0Gb/s / 16MB, RoHS

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  • How do I upgrade PHP on CentOS and Kloxo?

    - by Emerson
    I need to upgrade PHP so that I can upgrade joomla on my dedicated server. I have: kloxo 6.1.6 php-5.2.17-1 Linux CentOS-55-64-minimal 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux I searched everywhere and I could only find that PHP 5.3 isn't compatible with zend. I would like to upgrade to 5.2.4, which is the minimum for joomla 1.6 and 1.7. I tried to run: yum update php.x86_64 Which is the PHP package installed, but it didn't work. This is a production server with quite a few users across many sites, so I wanted to do it as safely as possible. Is it safe to run "yum update"? It showed me 6 packages to install and 125 packages to update, including a kernel. Is that safe? I haven't touched kloxo's yum repositories. Update: I just successfully ran "yum update". Now I think I need to know how to add a new repository that has the 5.2.4 and how to update to that specific version. Any ideas?

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  • Ubuntu12.04 crashed while trying to install Ubuntu14.04, no longer have access

    - by FACE
    Posting from my laptop, as my Compaq desktop crashed. Not very computer saavy, and not sure what info I should provide...but here's a start: 9 year old desktop Compaq SR 1650NX, AMD Athlon 3500+ probably 1 gB ram (duh....) Was running 12.04....was attempting to upgrade to 14.04, not sure if I interrupted it. Pretty much stuck on (constantly redirected to) a page which says "GNU Grub version 1.99-2"; it offers several choices (as written): Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic (recovery mode) Previous Linux versions Memory Test (memtest86+) Memory Test (memtest86+, serial console 115200) But none of the selections seem to be able to get me anywhere (i.e., I click yes, but can't seem to run any commands - not that I know anything useful); I escape from those pages by repeatedly hitting CTRL-ALT-DEL Any help would be appreciated; will provide additional info when requested. Thanx (hopefully), in advance. (If I don't respond immediately, it just means I had to attend to other concerns...will leave page open and check back in as often as possible). FACE

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  • Amazon Ec2: Problem In Setting up FTP Server

    - by Muntasir
    after setting up My vsFtp Server ON Ec2 i am facing problem , my client is Filezilla and i am getting this error Response: 230 Login successful. Command: OPTS UTF8 ON Response: 200 Always in UTF8 mode. Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/" Command: TYPE I Response: 200 Switching to Binary mode. Command: PASV Response: 500 OOPS: invalid pasv_address Command: PORT 10,130,8,44,240,50 Response: 500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing Error: Connection closed by server this is the current setting in my vsftpd.conf #nopriv_user=ftpsecure #async_abor_enable=YES # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list GNU nano 2.0.6 File: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES pasv_enable=YES pasv_min_port=2345 pasv_max_port=2355 listen_port=1024 pasv_address=ec2-xxxxxxx.compute-1.amazonaws.com pasv_promiscuous=YES Note: i have already open those port in security group i mean listen port, min max if someone shows me how to fix this i will be very greatful thanks

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  • USB software protection dongle for Java with an SDK which is cross-platform “for real”. Does it exist?

    - by Unai Vivi
    What I'd like to ask is if anybody knows about an hardware USB-dongle for software protection which offers a very complete out-of-the-box API support for cross-platform Java deployments. Its SDK should provide a jar (only one, not one different library per OS & bitness) ready to be added to one's project as a library. The jar should contain all the native stuff for the various OSes and bitnesses From the application's point of view, one should continue to write (api calls) once and run everywhere, without having to care where the end-user will run the software The provided jar should itself deal with loading the appropriate native library Does such a thing exist? With what I've tried so far, you have different APIs and compiled libraries for win32, linux32, win64, linux64, etc (or you even have to compile stuff yourself on the target machine), but hey, we're doing Java here, we don't know (and don't care) where the program will run! And we can't expect the end-user to be a software engineer, tweak (and break!) its linux server, link libraries, mess with gcc, litter the filesystem, etc... In general, Java support (in a transparent cross-platform fashion) is quite bad with the dongle SDKs I've evaluated so far (e.g. KeyLok and SecuTech's UniKey). I even purchased (no free evaluation kit available) SecureMetric SDKs&dongles (they should've been "soooo" straighforward to integrate -- according to marketing material :\ ) and they were the worst ever: SecureDongle X has no 64bit support and SecureDongle SD is not cross-platform at all. So, has anyone out there been through this and found the ultimate Java security usb dongle for cross-platform deployments? Note: software is low-volume, high-value; application is off-line (intranet with no internet access), so no online-activation alternatives and the like. -- EDIT Tried out HASP dongles (used to be called "Aladdin"), and added them to the no-no list: here, too, there is no out-of-the-box (out-of-the-jar) support: e.g. end-linux-user has to manually put the .so library (the specific file for the appropriate bitness) in the right place on his filesystem, and export an env. variable accordingly. -- EDIT 2 I really don't understand all the negativity and all the downvoting: is this a taboo topic? Is it so hard to understand that a freelance developer has to put food on the table everyday to feed its family and pay the bills at the end of the month? Please don't talk about "adding value" as a supplier, because that'd be off-topic. Furthermore I'm not in direct contact with end-customers, but there's an intermediate reselling entity: it's this entity I want to prevent selling copies of the software without sharing the revenue. -- EDIT 3 I'd like to emphasize the fact that the question is looking for a technical answer, not one about opinions concerning business models, philosophical lucubrations on the concept of value, resellers' reliability, etc. I cannot change resellers, because this isn't a "general purpose" kind of sw, but a very vertical one and (for some reasons it's not worth explaining here) I must go through them. I just need to prevent the "we sold 2 copies, here's your share [bwahaha we sold 10]" scenario.

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  • Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler: What Tables Aren’t In At Least One SubView?

    - by thatjeffsmith
    Organizing your data model makes the information easier to consume. One of the organizational tools provided by Oracle SQL Developer Data Modeler is the ‘SubView.’ In a nutshell, a SubView is a subset of your model. The Challenge: I’ve just created a model which represents my entire ____________ application. We’ll call it ‘residential lending.’ Instead of having all 100+ tables in a single model diagram, I want to break out the tables by module, e.g. appraisals, credit reports, work histories, customers, etc. I’ve spent several hours breaking out the tables to one or more SubViews, but I think i may have missed a few. Is there an easy way to see what tables aren’t in at least ONE subview? The Answer Yes, mostly. The mostly comes about from the way I’m going to accomplish this task. It involves querying the SQL Developer Data Modeler Reporting Schema. So if you don’t have the Reporting Schema setup, you’ll need to do so. Got it? Good, let’s proceed. Before you start querying your Reporting Schema, you might need a data model for the actual reporting schema…meta-meta data! You could reverse engineer the data modeler reporting schema to a new data model, or you could just reference the PDFs in \datamodeler\reports\Reporting Schema diagrams directory. Here’s a hint, it’s THIS one The Query Well, it’s actually going to be at least 2 queries. We need to get a list of distinct designs stored in your repository. For giggles, I’m going to get a listing including each version of the model. So I can query based on design and version, or in this case, timestamp of when it was added to the repository. We’ll get that from the DMRS_DESIGNS table: SELECT DISTINCT design_name, design_ovid, date_published FROM DMRS_designs Then I’m going to feed the design_ovid, down to a subquery for my child report. select name, count(distinct diagram_id) from DMRS_DIAGRAM_ELEMENTS where design_ovid = :dESIGN_OVID and type = 'Table' group by name having count(distinct diagram_id) < 2 order by count(distinct diagram_id) desc Each diagram element has an entry in this table, so I need to filter on type=’Table.’ Each design has AT LEAST one diagram, the master diagram. So any relational table in this table, only having one listing means it’s not in any SubViews. If you have overloaded object names, which is VERY possible, you’ll want to do the report off of ‘OBJECT_ID’, but then you’ll need to correlate that to the NAME, as I doubt you’re so intimate with your designs that you recognize the GUIDs So I’m going to cheat and just stick with names, but I think you get the gist. My Model Of my almost 90 tables, how many of those have I not added to at least one SubView? Now let’s run my report! Voila! My ‘BEER2′ table isn’t in any SubView! It says ’1′ because the main model diagram counts as a view. So if the count came back as ’2′, that would mean the table was in the main model diagram and in 1 SubView diagram. And I know what you’re thinking, what kind of residential lending program would have a table called ‘BEER2?’ Let’s just say, that my business model has some kinks to work out!

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  • Stange stream of HTTP GET requests in apache logs, from amazon ec2 instances

    - by Alexandre Boeglin
    I just had a look at my apache logs, and I see a lot of very similar requests: GET / HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: curl/7.24.0 (i386-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.24.0 \ NSS/3.13.5.0 zlib/1.2.5 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.2.2 Host: [my_domain].org Accept: */* there's a steady stream of those, about 2 or 3 per minute; they all request the same domain and resource (there are slight variations in user agent version numbers); they come form a lot of different IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, in blocs that belong to amazon ec2 (in Singapore, Japan, Ireland and the USA). I tried to look for an explanation online, or even just similar stories, but couldn't find any. Has anyone got a clue as to what this is? It doesn't look malicious per say, but it's just annoying me, and I couldn't find any more information about it. I first suspected it could be a bot checking if my server is still up, but: I don't remember subscribing to such a service; why would it need to check my site twice every minute; why doesn't it use a clearly identifying fqdn. Or, should I send this question to amazon, via their abuse contact? Thanks!

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  • Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship – book review

    - by DigiMortal
       Writing code that is easy read and test is not something that is easy to achieve. Unfortunately there are still way too much programming students who write awful spaghetti after graduating. But there is one really good book that helps you raise your code to new level – your code will be also communication tool for you and your fellow programmers. “Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship” by Robert C. Martin is excellent book that helps you start writing the easily readable code. Of course, you are the one who has to learn and practice but using this book you have very good guide that keeps you going to right direction. You can start writing better code while you read this book and you can do it right in your current projects – you don’t have to create new guestbook or some other simple application to start practicing. Take the project you are working on and start making it better! My special thanks to Robert C. Martin I want to say my special thanks to Robert C. Martin for this book. There are many books that teach you different stuff and usually you have markable learning curve to go before you start getting results. There are many books that show you the direction to go and then leave you alone figuring out how to achieve all that stuff you just read about. Clean Code gives you a lot more – the mental tools to use so you can go your way to clean code being sure you will be soon there. I am reading books as much as I have time for it. Clean Code is top-level book for developers who have to write working code. Before anything else take Clean Code and read it. You will never regret your decision. I promise. Fragment of editorial review “Even bad code can function. But if code isn’t clean, it can bring a development organization to its knees. Every year, countless hours and significant resources are lost because of poorly written code. But it doesn’t have to be that way. What kind of work will you be doing? You’ll be reading code—lots of code. And you will be challenged to think about what’s right about that code, and what’s wrong with it. More importantly, you will be challenged to reassess your professional values and your commitment to your craft. Readers will come away from this book understanding How to tell the difference between good and bad code How to write good code and how to transform bad code into good code How to create good names, good functions, good objects, and good classes How to format code for maximum readability How to implement complete error handling without obscuring code logic How to unit test and practice test-driven development This book is a must for any developer, software engineer, project manager, team lead, or systems analyst with an interest in producing better code.” Table of contents Clean code Meaningful names Functions Comments Formatting Objects and data structures Error handling Boundaries Unit tests Classes Systems Emergence Concurrency Successive refinement JUnit internals Refactoring SerialDate Smells and heuristics A Concurrency II org.jfree.date.SerialDate Cross references of heuristics Epilogue Index

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  • Making a Job Change That's Easy Why Not Try a Career Change

    - by david.talamelli
    A few nights ago I received a comment on one of our blog posts that reminded me of a statistic that I heard a while back. The statistic reflected the change in our views towards work and showed how while people in past generations would stay in one role for their working career - now with so much choice people not only change jobs often but also change careers 4-5 times in their working life. To differentiate between a job change and a career change: when I say job change this could be an IT Sales person moving from one IT Sales role to another IT Sales role. A Career change for example would be that same IT Sales person moving from IT Sales to something outside the scope of their industry - maybe to something like an Engineer or Scuba Dive Instructor. The reason for Career changes can be as varied as the people who make them. Someone's motivation could be to pursue a passion or maybe there is a change in their personal circumstances forcing the change or it could be any other number of reasons. I think it takes courage to make a Career change - it can be easy to stay in your comfort zone and do what you know, but to really push yourself sometimes you need to try something new, it is a matter of making that career transition as smooth as possible for yourself. The comment that was posted is here below (thanks Dean for the kind words they are appreciated). Hi David, I just wanted to let you know that I work for a company called Milestone Search in Melbourne, Victoria Australia. (www.mstone.com.au) We subscribe to your feed on a daily basis and find your blogs both interesting and insightful. Not to mention extremely entertaining. I wonder if you have missed out on getting in journalism as this seems to be something you'd be great at ?: ) Anyways back to my point about changing careers. This could be anything from going from I.T. to Journalism, Engineering to Teaching or any combination of career you can think of. I don't think there ever has been a time where we have had so many opportunities to do so many different things in our working life. While this idea sounds great in theory, putting it into practice would be much harder to do I think. First, in an increasingly competitive job market, employers tend to look for specialists in their field. You may want to make a change but your options may be limited by the number of employers willing to take a chance on someone new to an industry that will likely require a significant investment in time to get brought up to speed. Also, using myself as an example if I was given the opportunity to move into Journalism/Communication/Marketing career from my career as an IT Recruiter - realistically I would have to take a significant pay cut to make this change as my current salary reflects the expertise I have in my current career. I would not immediately be up to speed moving into a new career and would not be able to justify a similar salary. Yes there are transferable skills in any career change, but even though you may have transferable skills you must realise that you will also have a large amount of learning to do which would take time. These are two initial hurdles that I immediately think of, there may be more but nothing is insurmountable. If you work out what you want to do with your working career whatever that may be, you then need to just need to work out the steps to get to your end goal. This is where utilising the power of your networks and using Social Media can come in handy. If you are interested in working somewhere why not proactively take the opportunity to research the industry or company - find out who it is you need to speak to and get in touch with them. We spend so much time working, we should enjoy the work we do and not be afraid to try new things. Waiting for your dream job to fall into your lap or be handed to you on a silver platter is not likely going to happen, so if there is something you do want to do, work out a plan to make it happen and chase after it. This article was originally posted on David Talamelli's Blog - David's Journal on Tap

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  • "Could not claim interface on camera: -6" when trying to connect usb camera (Kinect)

    - by rzetterberg
    I have installed the freenect library from openkinect.org. With that library there is a demo application which you can run from the terminal to test out the Kinect. However when I run this command I get the following output: richard@behemoth:~$ sudo freenect-glview Kinect camera test Number of devices found: 1 Could not claim interface on camera: -6 Could not open device This particular error is thrown by the library libusb by the function libusb_claim_interface and the error -6 corresponds to the LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY. So my guess is that it has something to do with mounting the usb, rather than specifically the freenect library or the Kinect itself. So my question is how can I find out what resource is using this interface and how can I free it so that I can access it? Edit: What I have tried so far (just to be sure): Rebooted Plugged-out, plugged-in Tried different usb ports Restarted udev Additional information that might be useful: /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=1c73f217-ac8d-451b-8390-7a680628a856 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=bb49bd29-07ec-45a0-bbab-46fb8362b06b none swap sw 0 0 sudo uname -r: Linux behemoth 3.0.0-14-generic-pae #23-Ubuntu SMP Mon Nov 21 22:07:10 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=11.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=oneiric DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 11.10"

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  • OpenSSL support for Ruby: "Cipher is not a module (TypeError)"

    - by smotchkkiss
    The Problem Our systems admin needed to upgrade the packages on our CentOS 5.4 dev server to match the packages on our production server. The upgrade affected ruby and/or openssl. We run a Ruby on Rails issue tracking system called Redmine that is deployed with Passenger on Apache. Everything worked before the server update, but when trying to access the ticket system now, I get the following error: Error message: Cipher is not a module Exception class: TypeError Application root: /home/dev/rails/redmine-0.8.7 I've been trying so hard to fix this problem but I can't seem to beat it. I have tried following this guide: http://iamclovin.posterous.com/how-to-solve-the-cipher-is-not-a-module-error When I try require 'openssl' in IRB, I do see a true return value. However, I'm still seeing the Cipher.rb is not a module TypeError when accessing the ticket system. Possibly (probably) related: I've tried updating Passenger, but when I try passenger-install-apache2-module I see: Checking for required software... * GNU C++ compiler... found at /usr/bin/g++ * Ruby development headers... found * OpenSSL support for Ruby... /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/openssl/cipher.rb:22: Cipher is not a module (TypeError) Any help?

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  • Java Spotlight Episode 57: Live From #Devoxx - Ben Evans and Martijn Verburg of the London JUG with Yara Senger of SouJava

    - by Roger Brinkley
    Tweet Live from Devoxx 11,  an interview with Ben Evans and Martijn Verburg from the London JUG along with  Yara Senger from the SouJava JUG on the JCP Executive Committee Elections, JSR 248, and Adopt-a-JSR program. Both the London JUG and SouJava JUG are JCP Standard Edition Executive Committee Members. Joining us this week on the Java All Star Developer Panel are Geertjan Wielenga, Principal Product Manger in Oracle Developer Tools; Stephen Chin, Java Champion and Java FX expert; and Antonio Goncalves, Paris JUG leader. Right-click or Control-click to download this MP3 file. You can also subscribe to the Java Spotlight Podcast Feed to get the latest podcast automatically. If you use iTunes you can open iTunes and subscribe with this link: Java Spotlight Podcast in iTunes. Show Notes News Netbeans 7.1 JDK 7 upgrade tools Netbeans First Patch Program OpenJFX approved as an OpenJDK project Devoxx France April 18-20, 2012 Events Nov 22-25, OTN Developer Days in the Nordics Nov 22-23, Goto Conference, Prague Dec 6-8, Java One Brazil, Sao Paulo Feature interview Ben Evans has lived in "Interesting Times" in technology - he was the lead performance testing engineer for the Google IPO, worked on the initial UK trials of 3G networks with BT, built award-winning websites for some of Hollywood's biggest hits of the 90s, rearchitected and reimagined technology helping some of the most vulnerable people in the UK and has worked on everything from some of the UKs very first ecommerce sites, through to multi-billion dollar currency trading systems. He helps to run the London Java Community, and represents the JUG on the Java SE/EE Executive Committee. His first book "The Well-Grounded Java Developer" (with Martijn Verburg) has just been published by Manning. Martijn Verburg (aka 'the Diabolical Developer') herds Cats in the Java/open source communities and is constantly humbled by the creative power to be found there. Currently he resides in London where he co-leads the London JUG (a JCP EC member), runs a couple of open source projects & drinks too much beer at his local pub. You can find him online moderating at the Javaranch or discussing (ranting?) subjects on the Prgorammers Stack Exchange site. Most recently he's become a regular speaker at conferences on Java, open source and software development and has recently wrapped up his first Manning title - "The Well-Grounded Java Developer" with his co-author Ben Evans. Yara Senger is the partner and director of teacher education and Globalcode, graduated from the University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, has significant experience in Brazil and abroad in developing solutions to critical Java. She is the co-creator of Java programs Academy and Academy of Web Developer, accumulating over 1000 hours in the classroom teaching Java. She currently serves as the President of Sou Java. In this interview Ben, Martijn, and Yara talk about the JCP Executive Committee Elections, JSR 348, and the Adopt-a-JSR program. Mail Bag What's Cool Show Transcripts Transcript for this show is available here when available.

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  • Cannot install jdk 1.5 on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by u123
    I have installed Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-23-generic x86_64). Some info about the machine: $ grep --color "model name" /proc/cpuinfo model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5430 @ 2.66GHz model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5430 @ 2.66GHz model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5430 @ 2.66GHz model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5430 @ 2.66GHz I need to install jdk5 to support an old application. I have tried: ~$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-5-jdk Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package openjdk-5-jdk I have also tried: ~$ sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package sun-java5-jdk So its not available in the repos. I have tried to follow this guide (adding the jaunty repos): http://leonardo-pinho.blogspot.dk/2010/11/java-15-no-ubuntu-1010.html but same result. Then I have tried to download jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin from here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javasebusiness/downloads/java-archive-downloads-javase5-419410.html#jdk-1.5.0_22-oth-JPR and do: ~$ chmod a+x jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin ~$ sudo ./jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement yes Unpacking... Checksumming... 0 0 Extracting... ./jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin: 424: ./jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin: ./install.sfx.19556: not found ./jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-i586.bin: 1: cd: can't cd to jdk1.5.0_22 Any suggestions?

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  • Where to get glib-config for Kubuntu?

    - by Carl Smotricz
    I'm trying to compile Midnight Commander on a KUbuntu 9.10 (Karmic) box with no root access. I've set up a directory under $HOME, downloaded the mc source package and various stuff required for building, such as autotools. I've unpacked the CONTENTS of all those packages into this working directory such that I have the usual ./usr, ./lib, ./etc hierarchy. I manage to get configure through a lot of tests, but I can't seem to fool it into finding glib. checking for glib-2.0... checking for glib-config... no checking for glib12-config... no checking for glib-config... no checking for GLIB - version >= 1.2.6... no *** The glib-config script installed by GLIB could not be found *** If GLIB was installed in PREFIX, make sure PREFIX/bin is in *** your path, or set the GLIB_CONFIG environment variable to the *** full path to glib-config. configure: error: Test for glib failed. GNU Midnight Commander requires glib 1.2.6 or above. My system has glib installed: /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0.2200.3 ... and I've also downloaded and unpacked the glib package into my working directory: libglib2.0-0_2.22.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb libglib2.0-dev_2.22.2-0ubuntu1_i386.deb ... but still the elusive glib-config is nowhere to be found. It's not in any debian package for Karmic, either. So I'd appreciate any help getting over this hurdle. Please note, again, that I don't have root, so I can't just merrily apt-get stuff.

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  • Uninstall php5 installed from source.

    - by diegomichel
    I have tried to install php5 from source , and it worked... Then for some reason need to install the official packets, so i tried a make uninstall and for my surprise there is such make uninstall... so i tried delete all the installed files by hand. Then installed the official debian packages and it worked fine... till i need install sqlite module, which give me the following error: php --version PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_sqlite.so: undefined symbol: php_pdo_register_driver in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20090626/sqlite.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20090626/sqlite.so: undefined symbol: php_pdo_register_driver in Unknown on line 0 PHP 5.3.1-5 with Suhosin-Patch (cli) (built: Feb 22 2010 22:46:05) Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies So i remember that manual install i did, and i think there is some old lib installed causing that problem, the bad thing is that there is not such make uninstall on the source code of php5... php-5.2.13 > make uninstall make: *** No rule to make target `uninstall'. Stop. I have tried reinstall and purge all php related packages via aptitude with not success. OS: Debian Squeeze. uname -a Linux desktop 2.6.32-trunk-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Jan 10 22:40:40 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux Any idea how to fix that?

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  • X11 performance problem after upgrading from Centos3 to Centos5 with an ATI Rage XL

    - by Marcelo Santos
    After upgrading a computer from Centos3 to Centos5 an application that does a lot of scrolling took a very high performance hit. top tells me that X is using a lot of CPU and that was not happening before. The machine has an ATI Rage XL with 8MB and X is using the ati driver as there is no proprietary ATI driver for this board on linux. The xorg.conf: Section "Device" Identifier "Videocard0" Driver "ati" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Videocard0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 Modes "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480" EndSubSection EndSection Section "DRI" Group 0 Mode 0666 EndSection A similar machine that still has Centos3 installed is able to start DRI on the X server while this one is not, this is the Xorg.0.log for the Centos5 machine: drmOpenDevice: node name is /dev/dri/card0 drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: Open failed drmOpenDevice: node name is /dev/dri/card0 drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: open result is -1, (No such device or address) drmOpenDevice: Open failed [drm] failed to load kernel module "mach64" (II) ATI(0): [drm] drmOpen failed (EE) ATI(0): [dri] DRIScreenInit Failed (II) ATI(0): Largest offscreen areas (with overlaps): (II) ATI(0): 1024 x 1279 rectangle at 0,768 (II) ATI(0): 768 x 1280 rectangle at 0,768 (II) ATI(0): Using XFree86 Acceleration Architecture (XAA) Screen to screen bit blits Solid filled rectangles 8x8 mono pattern filled rectangles Indirect CPU to Screen color expansion Solid Lines Offscreen Pixmaps Setting up tile and stipple cache: 32 128x128 slots 10 256x256 slots (==) ATI(0): Backing store disabled (==) ATI(0): Silken mouse enabled (II) ATI(0): Direct rendering disabled (==) RandR enabled I also tried using EXA instead of XAA and setting: Option "AccelMethod" "XAA" Option "XAANoOffscreenPixmaps" "true" uname -a Linux sir5.erg.inpe.br 2.6.18-128.7.1.el5 #1 SMP Mon Aug 24 08:20:55 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux rpm -qa | grep xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils-7.1-4.fc6 xorg-x11-server-sdk-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xnest-1.1.1-48.52.el5 xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.1.1-48.52.el5 The drmOpenDevice error continues when using the suggested Option "AIGLX" "true".

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  • Why does my dd backup of MacBook OS X fail to boot upon restore?

    - by James
    I created a backup of a MacBook hard drive (WD2500BEVS-88US) by hooking it up as a secondary drive on my linux system (Ubuntu 10.10). I used the following command: sudo dd if=/dev/sdc of=/home/backup.img bs=2M This appears to have completed with no errors. I noticed that the file is only 68 GB in size even though the drive is 250 GB in capacity. I restored the image to a spare drive (WD2500BEVS) with the following command: sudo dd if=/home/backup.img of=/dev/sdb bs=2M When I boot the spare drive in the Mac, it appears to start up for a few seconds and then shuts down. (It does not appear to load into the OS at all). When I open up the drive that won't boot in GParted, it looks like this: When looking at the information for the middle partition with the little red exclamation mark, it shows this: The original hard drive that boots ok shows up like this: Further info on both drives: sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 30402 244198580 ee GPT WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 30402 244198580 ee GPT So why is my backup or restore failing? Why is dd not creating a byte for byte duplicate?

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  • Unable to connect Xend with virt-manager

    - by Majid Azimi
    I have installed debian 6.0.1a. I have install all XEN stuff. including xen kernel, libvirtd, ... but when i want to connect xend, virt-manager shows me this: Verify that: A Xen host kernel was booted The Xen service has been started details: Unable to open connection to hypervisor URI 'xen:///': unable to connect to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock', libvirtd may need to be started: Permission denied Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/connection.py", line 971, in _try_open None], flags) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/libvirt.py", line 111, in openAuth if ret is None:raise libvirtError('virConnectOpenAuth() failed') libvirtError: unable to connect to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock', libvirtd may need to be started: Permission denied here is uname output: Linux debian 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 8 00:01:30 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux and also xend and libvirtd is runnig: root@debian:/home/mazimi# /etc/init.d/libvirt-bin status Checking status of libvirt management daemon: libvirtd running. root@debian:/home/mazimi# /etc/init.d/xend start Starting Xen daemons: xenstored xenconsoled xend. permissions for livbirt-sock: root@debian:/home/mazimi# ls -alih /var/run/libvirt/ total 12K 671017 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Apr 15 13:54 . 654083 drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4.0K Apr 15 13:54 .. 670901 srwxrwx--- 1 root libvirt 0 Apr 15 13:54 libvirt-sock 670928 srwxrwxrwx 1 root libvirt 0 Apr 15 13:54 libvirt-sock-ro 670870 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Apr 15 02:34 qemu and also we have group named libvirt in /etc/group When running libvirtd with verbose mode it behaves kind of stange: root@debian:/var/log/libvirt# /usr/sbin/libvirtd --verbose 17:26:55.841: warning : qemudStartup:1832 : Unable to create cgroup for driver: No such device or address 17:26:56.128: warning : lxcStartup:1900 : Unable to create cgroup for driver: No such device or address and waits infinitely.

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  • Changing the action of a hyperlink in a Silverlight RichTextArea

    - by Marc Schluper
    The title of this post could also have been "Move over Hyperlink, here comes Actionlink" or "Creating interactive text in Silverlight." But alas, there can be only one. Hyperlinks are very useful. However, they are also limited because their action is fixed: browse to a URL. This may have been adequate at the start of the Internet, but nowadays, in web applications, the one thing we do not want to happen is a complete change of context. In applications we typically like a hyperlink selection to initiate an action that updates a part of the screen. For instance, if my application has a map displayed with some text next to it, the map would react to a selection of a hyperlink in the text, e.g. by zooming in on a location and displaying additional locational information in a popup. In this way, the text becomes interactive text. It is quite common that one company creates and maintains websites for many client companies. To keep maintenance cost low, it is important that the content of these websites can be updated by the client companies themselves, without the need to involve a software engineer. To accommodate this scenario, we want the author of the interactive text to configure all hyperlinks (without writing any code). In a Silverlight RichTextArea, the default action of a Hyperlink is the same as a traditional hyperlink, but it can be changed: if the Command property has a value then upon a click event this command is called with the value of the CommandParameter as parameter. How can we let the author of the text specify a command for each hyperlink in the text, and how can we let an application react properly to a hyperlink selection event? We are talking about any command here. Obviously, the application would recognize only a specific set of commands, with well defined parameters, but the approach we take here is generic in the sense that it pertains to the RichTextArea and any command. So what do we require? We wish that: As a text author, I can configure the action of a hyperlink in a (rich) text without writing code; As a text author, I can persist the action of a hyperlink with the text; As a reader of persisted text, I can click a hyperlink and the configured action will happen; As an application developer, I can configure a control to use my application specific commands. In an excellent introduction to the RichTextArea, John Papa shows (among other things) how to persist a text created using this control. To meet our requirements, we can create a subclass of RichTextArea that uses John's code and allows plugging in two command specific components: one to prompt for a command definition, and one to execute the command. Since both of these plugins are application specific, our RichTextArea subclass should not assume anything about them except their interface. public interface IDefineCommand { void Prompt(string content, // the link content Action<string, object> callback); // the method called to convey the link definition } public interface IPerformCommand : ICommand {} The IDefineCommand plugin receives the content of the link (the text visible to the reader) and displays some kind of control that allows the author to define the link. When that's done, this (possibly changed) content string is conveyed back to the RichTextArea, together with an object that defines the command to execute when the link is clicked by the reader of the published text. The IPerformCommand plugin simply implements System.Windows.Input.ICommand. Let's use MEF to load the proper plugins. In the example solution there is a project that contains rudimentary implementations of these. The IDefineCommand plugin simply prompts for a command string (cf. a command line or query string), and the IPerformCommand plugin displays a MessageBox showing this command string. An actual application using this extended RichTextArea would have its own set of commands, each having their own parameters, and hence would provide more user friendly application specific plugins. Nonetheless, in any case a command can be persisted as a string and hence the two interfaces defined above suffice. For a Visual Studio 2010 solution, see my article on The Code Project.

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