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  • Routing protocols, distance vector vs link state

    - by Artem Barger
    I'm trying to figure out the differences(pros/cons) between two routing protocols approach and I would be great-full for any help, advice and explanation. As far I can say that it seems like distance vector is more static and more local based routing, since it doesn't know the network state whereas link state is more aware of current states therefore it seems more natural to use it over distance-vector, but I have a feeling like I'm missing something. And I would be glad to here about more aspects and different issues I have to consider while choosing one of them.

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  • Network monitoring solution

    - by Hellfrost
    Hello Serverfault ! I have a big distributed system I need to monitor. Background: My system is comprised of two servers, concentrating and controlling the system. Each server is connected to a set of devices (some custom kind of RF controllers, doesnt matter to my question), each device connects to a network switch, and eventually all devices talk to the servers, the protocol between the servers and the devices is UDP, usually the packets are very small, but there are really a LOT of packets. the network is also somewhat complex, and is deployed on a large area physically. i'll have 150-300 of these devices, each generating up to 100+ packets per second, and several network switches, perhaps on 2 different subnets. Question I'm looking for some solution that will allow me to monitor all this mess, how many packets are sent, where, how do they move through the network, bandwidth utilization, throughput, stuff like that. what would you recommend to achieve this? BTW Playing nice with windows is a requirement.

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  • Multiple Audio I/P and O/P simultaneaously

    - by Raj Naveen
    hi (1) i saw in one of your posts that it is possible to get different outputs in windows 7. i am eager to know more. Is there any way i can create a 2 or more virtual cable between two softwares simultaneously. so that simultaneously, two or more audio inputs will be routed to equal no of audio analysers receivers, and then the audio analysers send back a filtered audio back to respective audio inputs... Please reply to email id: [email protected]

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  • Linux server: Dropped packets

    - by Lars
    I see dropped packets using ifconfig on my eth0 interface: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:0d:03:ca inet addr:10.0.1.2 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:9000 Metric:1 RX packets:30268348 errors:0 dropped:70721 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:133076885 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8699434077 (8.6 GB) TX bytes:194937313025 (194.9 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:feae0000-feb00000 When i use ethtool -S i dont see anything wrong: NIC statistics: rx_packets: 30267138 tx_packets: 133074510 rx_bytes: 8699356158 tx_bytes: 194934147340 rx_broadcast: 35296 tx_broadcast: 5435 rx_multicast: 0 tx_multicast: 0 rx_errors: 0 tx_errors: 0 tx_dropped: 0 multicast: 0 collisions: 0 rx_length_errors: 0 rx_over_errors: 0 rx_crc_errors: 0 rx_frame_errors: 0 rx_no_buffer_count: 0 rx_missed_errors: 0 tx_aborted_errors: 0 tx_carrier_errors: 0 tx_fifo_errors: 0 tx_heartbeat_errors: 0 tx_window_errors: 0 tx_abort_late_coll: 0 tx_deferred_ok: 0 tx_single_coll_ok: 0 tx_multi_coll_ok: 0 tx_timeout_count: 0 tx_restart_queue: 0 rx_long_length_errors: 0 rx_short_length_errors: 0 rx_align_errors: 0 tx_tcp_seg_good: 5757001 tx_tcp_seg_failed: 0 rx_flow_control_xon: 8649 rx_flow_control_xoff: 62072 tx_flow_control_xon: 0 tx_flow_control_xoff: 0 rx_long_byte_count: 8699356158 rx_csum_offload_good: 30212111 rx_csum_offload_errors: 0 rx_header_split: 10857552 alloc_rx_buff_failed: 0 tx_smbus: 0 rx_smbus: 0 dropped_smbus: 0 rx_dma_failed: 0 tx_dma_failed: 0 I am running Ubuntu 12.04 with kernel 3.2.0-30-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP I have pinged every device on my internal network for about 24 hours, without packet loss. Also checked my router and my interface to the WAN, also no errors there. Does anyone have any clue?

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  • how do i automatically add a new route to the routing table?

    - by Robbie Mckennie
    I'm looking at linking two networks with a long range Ethernet bridge. I know I can connect my two networks with a router, but my problem is how will my computers know where to send packets if I don't add the route manually? I COULD add them manually, but it seems like a hassle. I have very very limited knowledge of RIP (I know it has something to do with routing), but I don't know how to use it. edit: My vision for the network would be the 2 networks (which are currently independent home networks), connected by a microwave Ethernet link. I assumed i'd need a router on one end of the bridge, to handle communication between the 2 networks.

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  • What is the difference between a plain Amazon ec2 instance and beanstalk?

    - by Alex Ford
    I am a solo developer and the sites I'm deploying are very small, usually hobby sites and I have a few questions about the Amazon services. Is there a reason for me to use beanstalk or should I just stick with a single ec2 instance? Should I use RDS for database? I heard someone say that I could just install a database on my ec2 instance, making it cheaper. I'm trying to keep everything as cheap as possible. I need to point custom domains to my sites. Pretty sure that means I have to deal with elastic IPs. Do those work with beanstalk or only with individual ec2 instances? Thanks in advance!

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  • How to prevent asymmetric routing with multiple eBGP routers?

    - by Andy Shinn
    I have 2 routers announcing a /22 subnet to different providers (one providers connects to each of the 2 routers). I have split the /22 in two /23 to announce one /23 on each of the routers plus the /22 (the providers will take the more specific route). This allows me to fail over and keep traffic inside the /23 in and out the same provider. What are other ways in which I could announce just the /22 with both routers and have packets from servers on the network behind the routers go back out the same router in which they came in from? EDIT: The main problem I come across, which end users and clients complain about the most, is that the least hop route is sometimes not the "optimal" route. In my case, I know that Provider B may have better latency to X nation. But when packets come in from provider B, they may go out Provider A or provider B. The reverse is also true. If I send a packet to X nation out provider A, even though it may have more hops back, the packet will likely come in from Provider B (which may have higher latency, packet loss, etc. to this nation)

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  • Able to ping but does not get the data

    - by Dany
    I am facing a problem in my client server program; when using wireless I can ping but not receive any data. There is a source which receives a streaming request from client via server. This works fine when all the machines are connected through LAN cable but when I put all the computers in wi-fi network, all the machine are able to ping each other but when the client send the stream request to the server the ping request between server and client says destination unreachable. It works all well until the client does not send the streaming request. What might be the issue?

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  • What about IPv4 class E?

    - by Luc
    IPv4's class E network (240.0.0.0/4) contains 268 million addresses. Despite the advertisements for IPv6, claiming we have ran out of address space, this block ironically still claims to be "Reserved for future use". Why hasn't this block been freed up yet? Of course, IPv6 should be promoted instead of freeing up more IPv4 addresses, but we've seen the address shortage coming for years. There has even been a time they weren't sure there was enough time to develop IPv6 before we would run out of addresses. Why didn't they free up this block already? And is there any chance these addresses will be used in the future, like when IPv6 is fairly widely implemented but we still need IPv4 for backwards compatibility? It will be phased out regardless, but then ISPs don't have to employ NAT for IPv4 compatibility.

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  • Simple IPV6 Address Question

    - by Daniel
    Hello, I have a /96 block of IPV6 addresses and i'm wondering how i could some how find the next address (Since ipv6 addresses can contain numbers and letters). I know the first address could be in numbers but i've yet to find out how i could really find in some kind of order for that amount of addresses E.G: What technique could i use to make sure i'll actually be able to use all of the addresses

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  • Can't get IPv6 address using radvd on wireless interface on windows, wired works fine.

    - by AndrejaKo
    I set up my router to use OpenWRT and set it up to use IPv6 using a tunnel form SixXs. I'm having problems with stateless autoconfiguration using radvd. On my computer, wired connection can get its IPv6 address fine, but wireless can't. After spending some time on OpenWRT forums, I'm pretty much sure now that router is set up fine and that the problem is with my windows settings. Also, I do not have any problems getting IPv6 address on openSUSE 11.3. So what should I do to solve this and what information should I post? Here's radvdump output for wired interface: interface br-lan { AdvSendAdvert on; # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump AdvManagedFlag on; AdvOtherConfigFlag on; AdvReachableTime 0; AdvRetransTimer 0; AdvCurHopLimit 64; AdvDefaultLifetime 1800; AdvHomeAgentFlag off; AdvDefaultPreference medium; AdvSourceLLAddress on; prefix 2001:15c0:67d0::/64 { AdvValidLifetime 86400; AdvPreferredLifetime 14400; AdvOnLink on; AdvAutonomous on; AdvRouterAddr off; }; # End of prefix definition }; # End of interface definition Here's radvdump output for wireless interface: # # radvd configuration generated by radvdump 1.6 # based on Router Advertisement from fe80::a0b7:deff:fef0:5b34 # received by interface br-lan # interface br-lan { AdvSendAdvert on; # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump AdvManagedFlag on; AdvOtherConfigFlag on; AdvReachableTime 0; AdvRetransTimer 0; AdvCurHopLimit 64; AdvDefaultLifetime 1800; AdvHomeAgentFlag off; AdvDefaultPreference medium; AdvSourceLLAddress on; prefix 2001:15c0:67d0::/64 { AdvValidLifetime 86400; AdvPreferredLifetime 14400; AdvOnLink on; AdvAutonomous on; AdvRouterAddr off; }; # End of prefix definition }; # End of interface definition # # radvd configuration generated by radvdump 1.6 # based on Router Advertisement from fe80::a0b7:deff:fef0:5b34 # received by interface br-lan # interface br-lan { AdvSendAdvert on; # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump AdvManagedFlag on; AdvOtherConfigFlag on; AdvReachableTime 0; AdvRetransTimer 0; AdvCurHopLimit 64; AdvDefaultLifetime 1800; AdvHomeAgentFlag off; AdvDefaultPreference medium; AdvSourceLLAddress on; prefix 2001:15c0:67d0::/64 { AdvValidLifetime 86400; AdvPreferredLifetime 14400; AdvOnLink on; AdvAutonomous on; AdvRouterAddr off; }; # End of prefix definition }; # End of interface definition

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  • switch duplicates packets and forward in two route

    - by sami
    there is a network including a router, two hosts and a switch which connects hosts to router. i have a virtual machine on my system. the network adapter is set to act as bridge. so the virtual machine and real OS are my 2 hosts on different LAN. they use one network card and are connected to a switch. when each of host send a packet to the other one, the switch duplicate the packet and forward it to both router and the other host. how can I solve the duplicate packet problem? Thanks.

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  • F5 BIG_IP persistence iRules applied but not affecting selected member

    - by zoli
    I have a virtual server. I have 2 iRules (see below) assigned to it as resources. From the server log it looks like that the rules are running and they select the correct member from the pool after persisting the session (as far as I can tell based on my log messages), but the requests are ultimately directed to somewhere else. Here's how both rules look like: when HTTP_RESPONSE { set sessionId [HTTP::header X-SessionId] if {$sessionId ne ""} { persist add uie $sessionId 3600 log local0.debug "Session persisted: <$sessionId> to <[persist lookup uie $sessionId]>" } } when HTTP_REQUEST { set sessionId [findstr [HTTP::path] "/session/" 9 /] if {$sessionId ne ""} { persist uie $sessionId set persistValue [persist lookup uie $sessionId] log local0.debug "Found persistence key <$sessionId> : <$persistValue>" } } According to the log messages from the rules, the proper balancer members are selected. Note: the two rules can not conflict, they are looking for different things in the path. Those two things never appear in the same path. Notes about the server: * The default load balancing method is RR. * There is no persistence profile assigned to the virtual server. I'm wondering if this should be adequate to enable the persistence, or alternatively, do I have to combine the 2 rules and create a persistence profile with them for the virtual server? Or is there something else that I have missed?

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  • How to Access an AWS Instance with RDC when behind a Private Subnet of a VPC

    - by dalej
    We are implementing a typical Amazon VPC with Public and Private Address - with all servers running the Windows platform. The MS SQL instances will be on the private subnet with all IIS/web servers on the public subnet. We have followed the detailed instructions at Scenario 2: VPC with Public and Private Subnets and everything works properly - until the point where you want to set up a Remote Desktop Connection into the SQL server(s) on the private subnet. At this point, the instructions assume you are accessing a server on the public subnet and it is not clear what is required to RDC to a server on a private subnet. It would make sense that some sort of port redirection is necessary - perhaps accessing the EIP of the Nat instance to hit a particular SQL server? Or perhaps use an Elastic Load Balancer (even though this is really for http protocols)? But it is not obvious what additional setup is required for such a Remote Desktop Connection?

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  • Host forwarding fails, server is up, domain name tests ambiguous

    - by jayunit100
    I have a domain name registered with http://www.registryrocket.com/ The "main" site, which is called rudolfcode.net, is registered under godaddy, and forwards to a heroku site (rudolfcode.herokuapp.com). I have found that the main site, rudolfcode.net works, but the hostgator forwarding has stopped working (firefox simply fails when you point to http://www.rudolflabs.com, which is the domain name registered by hostgator). How can I debug this issue ? Finally, I have tried to run some DNS tests, and here are the results : Im not sure what the failures mean .... But Im pretty sure that "Conecting to WWW Home Page" failed is a pretty bad sign ! Thanks.

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  • What happens when ARP Request comes from a different subnet?

    - by gsinha
    What will happen when an ARP Request packet is sent from router1 to router2 in the following two cases? Will an ARP Reply be generated or the ARP Request packet be dropped? [router1]Intf1(20.0.0.1/24) ======== (40.0.0.1/24)Intf2[router2] [router1]Intf1(20.0.0.1/24) ======== (20.0.0.2/8) Intf2[router2] The topology above have a port "Intf1" on router "router1" connected a port "Intf2" on another router "router2" via a direct link(eg, a 1 Gbps cable).

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  • PCs with Wired Connection Keep Losing Internet Connectivity

    - by user717452
    I have a U-verse ATT DSL Internet at our church building. Recently, any computer that is plugged into the network via Ethernet keeps losing its internet connectivity. The setup is from the Modem to a Netgear Wireless Router, and from the router to 3 different computers. None of the laptops that use Wifi ever lose internet, just the wired ones, and I end up having to do ipconfig /release and /renew every day to get it back. One computer has Windows 7 and one has Windows XP. Any ideas as to what is going on with our network?

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  • pfSense routing between two routers with shared network

    - by JohnCC
    I have a network set-up using two pfSense routers arranged like this:- DMZ1 WAN1 WAN2 DMZ2 | | | | | | | | \___ PF1 PF2___/ | | | | \___TRUSTED___/ Each pfSense router has its own separate WAN connection, and a separate DMZ network attached to it. They share a common TRUSTED LAN between them. The machines on the trusted network have PF1 as their default gateway. PF1 has a static route defined to DMZ2 via PF2, and PF2 has a static route to DMZ1 via PF1. There is NAT to the WAN but internal networks (DMZ1/2 and TRUSTED) use different RFC1918 subnets. I inherited this arrangement, and all used to work fine. I made a config change to PF1 (relating to multicast), and machines on DMZ2 suddenly could not talk to TRUSTED. I rolled the change back, but the problem persisted. What I guess you'd hope would happen is that TCP packets would go DMZ2 - PF2 - TRUSTED and on return TRUSTED - PF1 - PF2 - DMZ2. That's the only way I can see it would have worked. However, PF1 drops the returning packets. I've verified this using tcpdump. I've worked around this by adding static routes to DMZ2 via PF2 to the servers on TRUSTED, but some devices on there do not support static routes so this is not ideal. Is there way to make this arrangement work decently, or is the design inherently flawed? Thanks!

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  • Why would you use IPv6 internally?

    - by KCotreau
    Of course, I realize the need to go to IPv6 out on the open Internet since we are running out of addresses, but I really don't understand why there is any need to use it on an internal network. I have done zero with IPv6, so I also wonder: Won't modern firewalls do NAT between internal IPv4 addresses, and external IPv6 addresses? I was just wondering since I have seen so many people struggling with IPv6 questions here, and wonder why bother?

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  • Switches with large MAC address table?

    - by user1290200
    Does anyone know which switches have a large MAC address table ? I see most switches having only 8K, but we need to store way, way more than that (hundreds of K). I know this may seem odd, but trust me, there's no other way we can make our setup work. The only thing we seem to be able to do is install Juniper routers that store up to 1M addresses, but that will get quite costly and we'd rather avoid doing that.

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