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  • how to login as admin in safemode?

    - by Peter
    My sister has forgotten her password to vista, however i have installed that system so should know the admin password. However I do not know how to log in as admin. i tried to press ctrl+alt+delete twice in safemode to switch to normal login mode, but its not working. I heard that admin account is by default turned off in vista, so it might not work.

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  • In Windows Virtual PC: Is there a way to assign local drive letter in the Guest O/S that points to a

    - by Clay Nichols
    I have a bunch of programming projects on my P:\ drive (on Windows 7) I'm now doing some programming within Virtual PC Windows XP Mode and I'd like to "call" that drive, within the Win XP guest, the P: drive. I've mapped drive letter P: to "network" drive on the Host but that goes across the network so it's very slow. I tried using the SUBST command but it wouldn't take the \tsclients\p as a parameter. Basically, the command line interpreter (is that DOS on Win 7 ??) doesn't recognize that directory (\tsclients\p)

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  • How to edit Registry from another OS Boot up

    - by jack
    Hi I accidentally changed one parameter in Windows and it was crashed and restarted everytime I logon. I can't go with safe mode. Restoring to Known Good Configurations doesn't work too. Unfortunately I don't have system backup. Are there any ways to recover or edit the registry file from another OS or bootable Windows PE? Which tools can I use to edit? Many thanks!

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  • Using more recent kernel for Xen Dom0 in production.

    - by thelsdj
    Does anyone have experience running Xen dom0 on a more recent kernel than the stock 2.6.18? What host distro are you running? What release of Xen (or hg/git changeset)? What set of patches are you using on kernel source? (Has anyone got the pvops dom0 stuff working in production or is it better to stick with something like the SUSE patches? Any other tips and tricks to running a more recent kernel version as dom0 would be helpful.

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  • How to bind up arrow in ~/.inputrc (readline) for vim insert mode?

    - by Pawel Goscicki
    When in Readline apps with vim mode enabled in ~/.inputrc (set editing-mode vi) is there a way to bind the up arrow key? To previous history, for example. It seems I have to press ESC key first, only then it works. Here's my attempt at making it work (~/.inputrc): $if mode=vi # INSERT MODE set keymap vi-insert "\e[A": history-search-backward # up-arrow "\e[B": history-search-forward # down-arrow Also note, that when I press Ctrl+v and then <Up>, it prints ^[[A.

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  • How to disable 3G USB Modem internal storage from being loaded by linux kernel?

    - by Krystian
    Hi, I've got a problem with my 3G modem [Huawei E122]. It has internal storage and kernel assigns a device [/dev/sdX] to it. Because of that, every second time my machine will not boot - kernel panic - as my usb hdd gets assigned /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. I cannot use LABEL nor UUID in root= kernel parameter, as it is only available when using initrd, and I can't use it - I am using Debian on my router - mips architecture machine. I have to prevent this from happening, as my router has to start everyday and I have to be sure it works ok. I don't have physical access to restart it when something goes wrong. I don't use my modem internal storage, there's no SD card inserted. However kernel detects the reader and loads it. I can not prevent loading od usb drivers since my hdd is on USB as well. I will appreciate any ideas.

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  • Remove item older than 2 weeks

    - by Simon
    I use emacs org-mode to manage work items. Every week, I manually remove all Done items older than 2 weeks. Is there an easy way to perform this automatically? EDIT: I am currently trying to add a new custom command like this: (setq org-agenda-custom-commands '(("P" "Show old entries" todo "DONE" ( (org-agenda-files '("c:/git/org/tickets.org")) (tags "CLOSED<=\"-2w\"") ) )) ) The filter on the CLOSED timestamp is not working correctly.

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  • OS won’t boot during Visual Studio 2010 install on vista 64

    - by Noam Honig
    I am installing Visual Studio 2010 on a vista 64 bits machine. During the install it asked for a restart. Since that, vista won't load. I tried restore to previous good configuration - didn't help. I am only able to boot it using safe mode with networking. When I did that, it continued the vista part of the install (the screen with the 3 out of 3 updates) but after that when I restarted again - still fails.

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  • How to force two process to run on the same CPU?

    - by kovan
    Context: I'm programming a software system that consists of multiple processes. It is programmed in C++ under Linux. and they communicate among them using Linux shared memory. Usually, in software development, is in the final stage when the performance optimization is made. Here I came to a big problem. The software has high performance requirements, but in machines with 4 or 8 CPU cores (usually with more than one CPU), it was only able to use 3 cores, thus wasting 25% of the CPU power in the first ones, and more than 60% in the second ones. After many research, and having discarded mutex and lock contention, I found out that the time was being wasted on shmdt/shmat calls (detach and attach to shared memory segments). After some more research, I found out that these CPUs, which usually are AMD Opteron and Intel Xeon, use a memory system called NUMA, which basically means that each processor has its fast, "local memory", and accessing memory from other CPUs is expensive. After doing some tests, the problem seems to be that the software is designed so that, basically, any process can pass shared memory segments to any other process, and to any thread in them. This seems to kill performance, as process are constantly accessing memory from other processes. Question: Now, the question is, is there any way to force pairs of processes to execute in the same CPU?. I don't mean to force them to execute always in the same processor, as I don't care in which one they are executed, altough that would do the job. Ideally, there would be a way to tell the kernel: If you schedule this process in one processor, you must also schedule this "brother" process (which is the process with which it communicates through shared memory) in that same processor, so that performance is not penalized.

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  • Contributing to a Linux distribution

    - by Big Al
    I'm interested in contributing to a Linux distro, but regarding the various distro's developer communities, I'm having a bit of trouble figuring out which one I'd most like to join. What languages I know: C, C++, Lua, Python, and fairly familiar with Perl (though I wouldn't say I "know" it). In particular, I have very little experience with x86 assembly besides hacking stuff together for performance tweaks, though that will be partially rectified soon. What I'm looking for: A community that provides plenty of opportunities for developers to work on various aspects of the distribution. To be honest I'm most interested in reading and working on the kernel source (in which case the distro doesn't matter), but it's pretty daunting and I figure getting into the Linux community and working with experienced Linux developers might give me a better idea of how to jump into the guts(let me know if this is bogus, or if you have any advice regarding that). So... Which distro has the "best" developer community in terms of organization, people who are fun to work with, and opportunities to contribute? I've read various "Contributing to XXX" pages and mailing lists for distros like Ubuntu, OpenSuse, Fedora, etc. but I'd rather get a more personal testament from an actual developer.

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  • Linux System Programming

    - by AJ
    I wanted to get into systems programming for linux and wanted to know how to approach that and where to begin. I come from a web development background (Python, PHP) but I also know some C and C++. Essentially, I would like to know: Which language(s) to learn and pursue (I think mainly C and C++)? How/Where to learn those languages specific to Systems Programming? Books, websites, blogs, tutorials etc. Any other good places where I can start this from basics? Any good libraries to begin with? What environment setup (or approx.) do I need? Assuming linux has to be there but I have a linux box which I rarely log into using GUI (always use SSH). Is GUI a lot more helpful or VI editor is enough? (Please let me know if this part of the question should go to serverfault.com) PS: Just to clarify, by systems programming I mean things like writing device drivers, System tools, write native applications which are not present on Linux platform but are on others, play with linux kernel etc.

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  • Linux 2.6.31 Scheduler and Multithreaded Jobs

    - by dsimcha
    I run massively parallel scientific computing jobs on a shared Linux computer with 24 cores. Most of the time my jobs are capable of scaling to 24 cores when nothing else is running on this computer. However, it seems like when even one single-threaded job that isn't mine is running, my 24-thread jobs (which I set for high nice values) only manage to get ~1800% CPU (using Linux notation). Meanwhile, about 500% of the CPU cycles (again, using Linux notation) are idle. Can anyone explain this behavior and what I can do about it to get all of the 23 cores that aren't being used by someone else? Notes: In case it's relevant, I have observed this on slightly different kernel versions, though I can't remember which off the top of my head. The CPU architecture is x64. Is it at all possible that the fact that my 24-core jobs are 32-bit and the other jobs I'm competing w/ are 64-bit is relevant? Edit: One thing I just noticed is that going up to 30 threads seems to alleviate the problem to some degree. It gets me up to ~2100% CPU.

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  • Epoll in EPOLLET mode returning 2 EPOLLIN before reading from the socket

    - by Arkaitz Jimenez
    The epoll manpage says that a fd registered with EPOLLET(edge triggered) shouldn't notify twice EPOLLIN if no read has been done. So after an EPOLLIN you need to empty the buffer before epoll_wait being able to return a new EPOLLIN on new data. However I'm experiencing problems with this approach as I'm seeing duplicated EPOLLIN events for untouched fds. This is the strace output, 0x200 is EPOLLRDHUP that is not defined yet in my glibc headers but defined in the kernel. 30285 epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, 9, {EPOLLIN|EPOLLPRI|EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP|EPOLLET|0x2000, {u32=9, u64=9}}) = 0 30285 epoll_wait(3, {{EPOLLIN, {u32=9, u64=9}}}, 10, -1) = 1 30285 epoll_wait(3, {{EPOLLIN, {u32=9, u64=9}}}, 10, -1) = 1 30285 epoll_wait(3, <unfinished ...> 30349 epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, 9, NULL) = 0 30306 recv(9, "7u\0\0\10\345\241\312\t\20\f\32\r\10\27\20\2\30\200\10 \31(C0\17\32\r\10\27\20\2\30"..., 20000, 0) = 20000 30349 epoll_ctl(3, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, 9, NULL) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) 30305 recv(9, " \31(C0\17\32\r\10\27\20\2\30\200\10 \31(C0\17\32\r\10\27\20\2\30\200\10 \31("..., 20000, 0) = 10011 So, after adding fd number 9 I do receive 2 consecutive EPOLLIN events before having recving the file descriptor, the syscall trace shows how I do delete the fd before reading but it should only happen once, one per event. So either I am not reading the manpage properly or something is now working here.

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  • Multithreading and Interrupts

    - by Nicholas Flynt
    I'm doing some work on the input buffers for my kernel, and I had some questions. On Dual Core machines, I know that more than one "process" can be running simultaneously. What I don't know is how the OS and the individual programs work to protect collisions in data. There are two things I'd like to know on this topic: (1) Where do interrupts occur? Are they guaranteed to occur on one core and not the other, and could this be used to make sure that real-time operations on one core were not interrupted by, say, file IO which could be handled on the other core? (I'd logically assume that the interrupts would happen on the 1st core, but is that always true, and how would you tell? Or perhaps does each core have its own settings for interrupts? Wouldn't that lead to a scenario where each core could react simultaneously to the same interrupt, possibly in different ways?) (2) How does the dual core processor handle opcode memory collision? If one core is reading an address in memory at exactly the same time that another core is writing to that same address in memory, what happens? Is an exception thrown, or is a value read? (I'd assume the write would work either way.) If a value is read, is it guaranteed to be either the old or new value at the time of the collision? I understand that programs should ideally be written to avoid these kinds of complications, but the OS certainly can't expect that, and will need to be able to handle such events without choking on itself.

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  • What is the best way to save the environment from before an alarm handler goes off when the alarm do

    - by EpsilonVector
    I'm trying to implement user threads on a 2.4 Linux kernel (homework) and the trick for context switch seems to be using an alarm that goes off every x milliseconds and sends us to an alarm handler from which we can longjmp to the next thread. What I'm having difficulties with is figuring out how to save the environment to return to later. Basically I have an array of jmp_buffs, and every time a "context switch" using the alarm happens I want to save the previous context to the appropriate entry of the array and longjmp to the next one. However, just the fact that I need to do this from the event handler means that just using setjmp in the event handler won't give me exactly the kind of environment I want (as far as stack and program counter are involved) because the stack has the event handler call in it and the pc is in the event handler. I suppose I can look at the stack and alter it to fit my needs, but that feels a bit cumbersome. Another idea I had is to somehow pass the environment before the jump to event handler as a parameter to the event handler, but I can't figure out if this is possible. So I guess my question is- how do I do this right?

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  • Linux network stack : adding protocols with an LKM and dev_add_pack

    - by agent0range
    Hello, I have recently been trying to familiarize myself with the Linux Networking stack and device drivers (have both similarly named O'Reilly books) with the eventual goal of offloading UDP. I have already implemented UDP on the NIC but now the hard part... Rather than ask for assistance on this larger goal I was hoping someone could clarify for me a particular snippet I found that is part of a LKM which registeres a new protocol (OTP) that acts as a filter between the device driver and network stack. http://www.phrack.org/archives/55/p55_0x0c_Building%20Into%20The%20Linux%20Network%20Layer_by_lifeline%20&%20kossak.txt (Note: this Phrack article contains three different modules, code for the OTP is at the bottom of the page) In the init function of his example he has: otp_proto.type = htons(ETH_P_ALL); otp_proto.func = otp_func; dev_add_pack(&otp_proto); which (if I understand correctly) should register otp_proto as a packet sniffer and put it into the ptype_all data structure. My question is about the dev_add_pack. Is it the case that the protocol being registered as a filter will always be placed at this layer between L2 and the device driver? Or, for instance could I make such a filtering occur between the application and transport layers (analyze socket parameters) using the same process? I apologize if this is confusing - I am having some trouble wrapping my head around the bigger picture when it comes to modules altering kernel stack functionality. Thanks

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  • How frequently IP packets are fragmented at the source host?

    - by Methos
    I know that if IP payload MTU then routers usually fragment the IP packet. Finally all the fragmented packets are assembled at the destination using the fields IP-ID, IP fragment offsets and fragmentation flags. Max length of IP payload is 64K. Thus its very plausible for L4 to hand over payload which is 64K. If the L2 protocol is Ethernet, which often is the case, then the MTU will be about 1600 bytes. Hence IP packet will be fragmented at the source host itself. However, a quick search about IP implementation in Linux tells me that in recent kernels, L4 protocols are fragment friendly i.e. they try to save the fragmentation work for IP by handing over buffers of size which is close to MTU. Considering these two facts, I am wondering about how frequently does the IP packet gets fragmented at the source host itself. Does it occur sometimes/rarely/never? Does anyone know if there are exceptions to the rule of fragmentation in linux kernel (i.e. are there situations where L4 protocols are not fragment friendly)? How is this handled in other common OSes like windows? In general how frequently IP packets are fragmented?

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  • one two-directed tcp socket of two one-directed? (linux, high volume, low latency)

    - by osgx
    Hello I need to send (interchange) a high volume of data periodically with the lowest possible latency between 2 machines. The network is rather fast (e.g. 1Gbit or even 2G+). Os is linux. Is it be faster with using 1 tcp socket (for send and recv) or with using 2 uni-directed tcp sockets? The test for this task is very like NetPIPE network benchmark - measure latency and bandwidth for sizes from 2^1 up to 2^13 bytes, each size sent and received 3 times at least (in teal task the number of sends is greater. both processes will be sending and receiving, like ping-pong maybe). The benefit of 2 uni-directed connections come from linux: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.18/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L3847 3847/* 3848 * TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state. 3849 * 3850 * It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is 3851 * disabled when: ... 3859 * - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders 3860 * or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack 3861 * value must stay constant) ... 3863 * 3864 * When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard 3865 * receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases. 3866 * The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting, 3867 * the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in 3868 * tcp_data_queue when everything is OK. All other conditions for disabling fast path is false. And only not-unidirected socket stops kernel from fastpath in receive

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  • one two-directed tcp socket OR two one-directed? (linux, high volume, low latency)

    - by osgx
    Hello I need to send (interchange) a high volume of data periodically with the lowest possible latency between 2 machines. The network is rather fast (e.g. 1Gbit or even 2G+). Os is linux. Is it be faster with using 1 tcp socket (for send and recv) or with using 2 uni-directed tcp sockets? The test for this task is very like NetPIPE network benchmark - measure latency and bandwidth for sizes from 2^1 up to 2^13 bytes, each size sent and received 3 times at least (in teal task the number of sends is greater. both processes will be sending and receiving, like ping-pong maybe). The benefit of 2 uni-directed connections come from linux: http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v2.6.18/net/ipv4/tcp_input.c#L3847 3847/* 3848 * TCP receive function for the ESTABLISHED state. 3849 * 3850 * It is split into a fast path and a slow path. The fast path is 3851 * disabled when: ... 3859 * - Data is sent in both directions. Fast path only supports pure senders 3860 * or pure receivers (this means either the sequence number or the ack 3861 * value must stay constant) ... 3863 * 3864 * When these conditions are not satisfied it drops into a standard 3865 * receive procedure patterned after RFC793 to handle all cases. 3866 * The first three cases are guaranteed by proper pred_flags setting, 3867 * the rest is checked inline. Fast processing is turned on in 3868 * tcp_data_queue when everything is OK. All other conditions for disabling fast path is false. And only not-unidirected socket stops kernel from fastpath in receive

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  • Using sigprocmask to implement locks

    - by EpsilonVector
    I'm implementing user threads in Linux kernel 2.4, and I'm using ualarm to invoke context switches between the threads. We have a requirement that our thread library's functions should be uninterruptable, so I looked into blocking signals and learned that using sigprocmask is the standard way to do this. However, it looks like I need to do quite a lot to implement this: sigset_t new_set, old_set; sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); This blocks SIGALARM but it does this with 3 function invocations! A lot can happen in the time it takes for these functions to run, including the signal being sent. The best idea I had to mitigate this was temporarily disabling ualarm, like this: sigset_t new_set, old_set; time=ualarm(0,0); sigemptyset(&new_set); sigaddset(&new_set, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &new_set, &old_set); ualarm(time, 0); Which is fine except that this feels verbose. Isn't there a better way to do this?

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  • System Calls in windows & Native API?

    - by claws
    Recently I've been using lot of Assembly language in *NIX operating systems. I was wondering about the windows domain. Calling convention in linux: mov $SYS_Call_NUM, %eax mov $param1 , %ebx mov $param2 , %ecx int $0x80 Thats it. That is how we should make a system call in linux. Reference of all system calls in linux: Regarding which $SYS_Call_NUM & which parameters we can use this reference : http://docs.cs.up.ac.za/programming/asm/derick_tut/syscalls.html OFFICIAL Reference : http://kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/dir_section_2.html Calling convention in Windows: ??? Reference of all system calls in Windows: ??? Unofficial : http://www.metasploit.com/users/opcode/syscalls.html , but how do I use these in assembly unless I know the calling convention. OFFICIAL : ??? If you say, they didn't documented it. Then how is one going to write libc for windows without knowing system calls? How is one gonna do Windows Assembly programming? Atleast in the driver programming one needs to know these. right? Now, whats up with the so called Native API? Is Native API & System calls for windows both are different terms referring to same thing? In order to confirm I compared these from two UNOFFICIAL Sources System Calls: http://www.metasploit.com/users/opcode/syscalls.html Native API: http://undocumented.ntinternals.net/aindex.html My observations: All system calls are beginning with letters Nt where as Native API is consisting of lot of functions which are not beginning with letters Nt. System Call of windows are subset of Native API. System calls are just part of Native API. Can any one confirm this and explain.

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  • Catching the return of main function before it deallocates resources

    - by EpsilonVector
    I'm trying to implement user threads in Linux kernel 2.4, and I ran into something problematic and unexpected. Background: a thread basically executes a single function and dies, except that when I call thread_create for the first time it must turn main() into a thread as well (by default it is not a thread until the first call, which is also when all the related data structures are allocated). Since a thread executes a function and dies, we don't need to "return" anywhere with it, but we do need to save the return value to be reclaimed later with thread_join, so the hack I came up with was: when I allocate the thread stack I place a return address that points to a thread_return_handler function, which deallocates the thread, makes it a zombie, and saves its return value for later. This works for "just run a function and die" threads, but is very problematic with the main thread. Since it actually is the main function, if it returns before the other threads finish the normal return mechanism kicks in, and deallocates all the shared resources, thus screwing up all the running threads. I need to keep it from doing that. Any ideas on how it can be done?

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  • How do I allow a standard user to update the kernel modules for VMware?

    - by GUI Junkie
    I've set up VMWare Player for my wife. Every once in a while (notably after a kernel update), the VMWare Player needs to be compiled into the kernel. My spouse does not have su- activated (if anybody screws up the OS, it's going to be me). I'd like to give her permission to do this, but only for that program. Is this possible? Can it be done safely (for the OS)? How can it be done? Edit: I tried to add the following to visudo guijunkette ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/vmware-modconfig When running with her user, after typing her password, the following error occurred: So, in the end, no cigar. Edit: I've given up on VMWare Player and moved to VirtualBox. Made a clean install.

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