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  • Why does this mod_rewrite rule 'not-match'? (big rewrite log included)

    - by Christopher
    I've got a scenario involving two domains: WordPress site hosted on domain1.com domain2.co.uk, simply redirecting users to domain1 via mod_rewrite This rule applies irrespective of whether www. is specified or not. (It's eventually removed from the URL, I'm a no-WWW fan.) There's nothing on domain2.co.uk at all except for an .htaccess with some mod_rewrite rules. However, I want to be able to allow users to be redirected to the correct article URI even if they specify the "wrong" URL (i.e., a 301 redirect preserving the stuff after the first forward slash). I'm currently achieving this with this ruleset: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^((www\.)?[^\.]+)\.domain2\.co\.uk [NC,OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain2\.co\.uk [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain1.com/$1 [R=301,L] This works but is uglier than I want it to be. I'm not a mod_rewrite zen master, but from what I can tell the top rule should match irrespective of whether www. is specified... But it doesn't. In order to catch www-less requests, I need the second RewriteCond. From the rewrite log, with just the first RewriteCond: [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e670168/initial] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/ -> [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e670168/initial] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] applying pattern '^(.*)$' to uri '' [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e670168/initial] (4) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] RewriteCond: input='domain2.co.uk' pattern='^((www\.)|[^\.]+)\.domain2\.co\.uk' [NC] => not-matched [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e670168/initial] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/ [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e653868/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.html [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65f8b8/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.htm [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e653868/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.shtml [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65f8b8/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.php [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e653868/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.php5 [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e666c98/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.php4 [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65f8b8/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.php3 [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e653868/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.phtml [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65f8b8/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/index.cgi [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e66c370/initial/redir#1] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/403.shtml -> 403.shtml [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e66c370/initial/redir#1] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] applying pattern '^(.*)$' to uri '403.shtml' [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e66c370/initial/redir#1] (4) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] RewriteCond: input='domain2.co.uk' pattern='^((www\.)|[^\.]+)\.domain2\.co\.uk' [NC] => not-matched [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e66c370/initial/redir#1] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/403.shtml [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e668ca8/initial] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/favicon.ico -> favicon.ico [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e668ca8/initial] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] applying pattern '^(.*)$' to uri 'favicon.ico' [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e668ca8/initial] (4) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] RewriteCond: input='domain2.co.uk' pattern='^((www\.)|[^\.]+)\.domain2\.co\.uk' [NC] => not-matched [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e668ca8/initial] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/favicon.ico [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#f160b40/initial/redir#1] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/404.shtml -> 404.shtml [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#f160b40/initial/redir#1] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] applying pattern '^(.*)$' to uri '404.shtml' [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#f160b40/initial/redir#1] (4) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] RewriteCond: input='domain2.co.uk' pattern='^((www\.)|[^\.]+)\.domain2\.co\.uk' [NC] => not-matched [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#f160b40/initial/redir#1] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] pass through /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/404.shtml However with the second RewriteCond added, the rule works, and the logs show this: [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/ -> [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (3) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] applying pattern '^(.*)$' to uri '' [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (4) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] RewriteCond: input='domain2.co.uk' pattern='^((www\.)?[^\.]+)\.domain2\.co\.uk' [NC] => not-matched [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (4) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] RewriteCond: input='domain2.co.uk' pattern='^domain2\.co\.uk' [NC] => matched [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (2) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] rewrite '' -> 'http://domain1.com/' [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (2) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] explicitly forcing redirect with http://domain1.com/ [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] escaping http://domain1.com/ for redirect [domain2.co.uk/sid#e200498][rid#e65fe58/initial] (1) [perdir /home/devnull/domains/domain2.co.uk/public_html/] redirect to http://domain1.com/ [REDIRECT/301] Can anybody help me figure out why it just won't work with the one rule? I feel like I'm missing the bleeding obvious, and while the second RewriteCond is a valid workaround, it's a kludge and that annoys me. ;-) All help appreciated...

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  • Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. Parameter: In

    - by user356973
    Dear Telerik Team, When I am trying to display data using radgrid I am getting error like "Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection. Parameter: Index". Here is my code <telerik:RadGrid ID="gvCktMap" BorderColor="White" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="true" AllowSorting="true" BackColor="White" AllowPaging="true" PageSize="25" GridLines="None" OnPageIndexChanging="gvCktMap_PageIndexChanging" OnRowCancelingEdit="gvCktMap_RowCancelingEdit" OnRowCommand="gvCktMap_RowCommand" OnRowUpdating="gvCktMap_RowUpdating" OnRowDataBound="gvCktMap_RowDataBound" OnSorting="gvCktMap_Sorting" OnRowEditing="gvCktMap_RowEditing" ShowGroupPanel="True" EnableHeaderContextMenu="true" EnableHeaderContextFilterMenu="true" AllowMultiRowSelection="true" AllowFilteringByColumn="True" AllowCustomPaging="false" OnItemCreated="gvCktMap_ItemCreated" EnableViewState="false" OnNeedDataSource="gvCktMap_NeedDataSource" OnItemUpdated="gvCktMap_ItemUpdated" > <MasterTableView DataKeyNames="sId" UseAllDataFields="true"> <Columns> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="sId" HeaderText="sId" DataField="sId" Visible="false"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="orderId" HeaderText="orderId" DataField="orderId"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="REJ" HeaderText="REJ" DataField="REJ"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="Desc" HeaderText="Desc" DataField="Desc"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="CustomerName" HeaderText="CustomerName" DataField="CustomerName"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="MarketName" HeaderText="MarketName" DataField="MarketName"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="HeadendName" HeaderText="HeadendName" DataField="HeadendName"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="SiteName" HeaderText="SiteName" DataField="SiteName"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> <telerik:GridBoundColumn UniqueName="TaskStatus" HeaderText="TaskStatus" DataField="TaskStatus"> </telerik:GridBoundColumn> </Columns> </telerik:RadGrid> Here is my code behind private void bingGrid() { try { gvCktMap.Columns.Clear(); DataSet dsResult = new DataSet(); DataSet dsEditItems = new DataSet(); dsEditItems.ReadXml(Server.MapPath("XMLS/" + Session["TaskID"].ToString() + ".xml")); clsSearch_BL clsObj = new clsSearch_BL(); clsObj.TaskID = (string)Session["TaskID"]; clsObj.CustName = (string)Session["CustName"]; clsObj.MarketName = (string)Session["MarketName"]; clsObj.HeadendName = (string)Session["HeadendName"]; clsObj.SiteName = (string)Session["SiteName"]; clsObj.TaskStatus = (string)Session["TaskStatus"]; clsObj.OrdType = (string)Session["OrdType"]; clsObj.OrdStatus = (string)Session["OrdStatus"]; clsObj.ProName = (string)Session["ProName"]; clsObj.LOC = (string)Session["LOC"]; dsResult = clsObj.getSearchResults_BL(clsObj); Session["SearchRes"] = dsResult; DataTable dtFilter = new DataTable(); DataColumn dtCol = new DataColumn("FilterBy"); dtFilter.Columns.Add(dtCol); dtCol = new DataColumn("DataType"); dtFilter.Columns.Add(dtCol); gvCktMap.DataSource = dsResult; gvCktMap.DataBind(); } catch (Exception ex) { } } If i remove <MasterTableView></MasterTableView> Its working fine without any error. But for some reasons i need to use <MasterTableView></MasterTableView> Can anyone help me out to fix this error. Thanks In Advance

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  • Why C# doesn't implement indexed properties ?

    - by Thomas Levesque
    I know, I know... Eric Lippert's answer to this kind of question is usually something like "because it wasn't worth the cost of designing, implementing, testing and documenting it". But still, I'd like a better explanation... I was reading this blog post about new C# 4 features, and in the section about COM Interop, the following part caught my attention : By the way, this code uses one more new feature: indexed properties (take a closer look at those square brackets after Range.) But this feature is available only for COM interop; you cannot create your own indexed properties in C# 4.0. OK, but why ? I already knew and regretted that it wasn't possible to create indexed properties in C#, but this sentence made me think again about it. I can see several good reasons to implement it : the CLR supports it (for instance, PropertyInfo.GetValue has an index parameter), so it's a pity we can't take advantage of it in C# it is supported for COM interop, as shown in the article (using dynamic dispatch) it is implemented in VB.NET it is already possible to create indexers, i.e. to apply an index to the object itself, so it would probably be no big deal to extend the idea to properties, keeping the same syntax and just replacing this with a property name It would allow to write that kind of things : public class Foo { private string[] _values = new string[3]; public string Values[int index] { get { return _values[index]; } set { _values[index] = value; } } } Currently the only workaround that I know is to create an inner class (ValuesCollection for instance) that implements an indexer, and change the Values property so that it returns an instance of that inner class. This is very easy to do, but annoying... So perhaps the compiler could do it for us ! An option would be to generate an inner class that implements the indexer, and expose it through a public generic interface : // interface defined in the namespace System public interface IIndexer<TIndex, TValue> { TValue this[TIndex index] { get; set; } } public class Foo { private string[] _values = new string[3]; private class <>c__DisplayClass1 : IIndexer<int, string> { private Foo _foo; public <>c__DisplayClass1(Foo foo) { _foo = foo; } public string this[int index] { get { return _foo._values[index]; } set { _foo._values[index] = value; } } } private IIndexer<int, string> <>f__valuesIndexer; public IIndexer<int, string> Values { get { if (<>f__valuesIndexer == null) <>f__valuesIndexer = new <>c__DisplayClass1(this); return <>f__valuesIndexer; } } } But of course, in that case the property would actually return a IIndexer<int, string>, and wouldn't really be an indexed property... It would be better to generate a real CLR indexed property. What do you think ? Would you like to see this feature in C# ? If not, why ?

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  • Performing Aggregate Functions on Multi-Million Row Tables

    - by Daniel Short
    I'm having some serious performance issues with a multi-million row table that I feel I should be able to get results from fairly quick. Here's a run down of what I have, how I'm querying it, and how long it's taking: I'm running SQL Server 2008 Standard, so Partitioning isn't currently an option I'm attempting to aggregate all views for all inventory for a specific account over the last 30 days. All views are stored in the following table: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily]( [ID] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [Inv_ID] [int] NOT NULL, [Site_ID] [int] NOT NULL, [LogCount] [int] NOT NULL, [LogDay] [smalldatetime] NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_LogInvSearches_Daily] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON, FILLFACTOR = 90) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] This table has 132,000,000 records, and is over 4 gigs. A sample of 10 rows from the table: ID Inv_ID Site_ID LogCount LogDay -------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------- 1 486752 48 14 2009-07-21 00:00:00 2 119314 51 16 2009-07-21 00:00:00 3 313678 48 25 2009-07-21 00:00:00 4 298863 0 1 2009-07-21 00:00:00 5 119996 0 2 2009-07-21 00:00:00 6 463777 534 7 2009-07-21 00:00:00 7 339976 503 2 2009-07-21 00:00:00 8 333501 570 4 2009-07-21 00:00:00 9 453955 0 12 2009-07-21 00:00:00 10 443291 0 4 2009-07-21 00:00:00 (10 row(s) affected) I have the following index on LogInvSearches_Daily: /****** Object: Index [IX_LogInvSearches_Daily_LogDay] Script Date: 05/12/2010 11:08:22 ******/ CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_LogInvSearches_Daily_LogDay] ON [dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily] ( [LogDay] ASC ) INCLUDE ( [Inv_ID], [LogCount]) WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, DROP_EXISTING = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] I need to pull inventory only from the Inventory for a specific account id. I have an index on the Inventory as well. I'm using the following query to aggregate the data and give me the top 5 records. This query is currently taking 24 seconds to return the 5 rows: StmtText ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECT TOP 5 Sum(LogCount) AS Views , DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Sum(LogCount) DESC, Inv_ID DESC) AS Rank , Inv_ID FROM LogInvSearches_Daily D (NOLOCK) WHERE LogDay DateAdd(d, -30, getdate()) AND EXISTS( SELECT NULL FROM propertyControlCenter.dbo.Inventory (NOLOCK) WHERE Acct_ID = 18731 AND Inv_ID = D.Inv_ID ) GROUP BY Inv_ID (1 row(s) affected) StmtText ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |--Top(TOP EXPRESSION:((5))) |--Sequence Project(DEFINE:([Expr1007]=dense_rank)) |--Segment |--Segment |--Sort(ORDER BY:([Expr1006] DESC, [D].[Inv_ID] DESC)) |--Stream Aggregate(GROUP BY:([D].[Inv_ID]) DEFINE:([Expr1006]=SUM([LOALogs].[dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily].[LogCount] as [D].[LogCount]))) |--Sort(ORDER BY:([D].[Inv_ID] ASC)) |--Nested Loops(Inner Join, OUTER REFERENCES:([D].[Inv_ID])) |--Nested Loops(Inner Join, OUTER REFERENCES:([Expr1011], [Expr1012], [Expr1010])) | |--Compute Scalar(DEFINE:(([Expr1011],[Expr1012],[Expr1010])=GetRangeWithMismatchedTypes(dateadd(day,(-30),getdate()),NULL,(6)))) | | |--Constant Scan | |--Index Seek(OBJECT:([LOALogs].[dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily].[IX_LogInvSearches_Daily_LogDay] AS [D]), SEEK:([D].[LogDay] > [Expr1011] AND [D].[LogDay] < [Expr1012]) ORDERED FORWARD) |--Index Seek(OBJECT:([propertyControlCenter].[dbo].[Inventory].[IX_Inventory_Acct_ID]), SEEK:([propertyControlCenter].[dbo].[Inventory].[Acct_ID]=(18731) AND [propertyControlCenter].[dbo].[Inventory].[Inv_ID]=[LOA (13 row(s) affected) I tried using a CTE to pick up the rows first and aggregate them, but that didn't run any faster, and gives me essentially the same execution plan. (1 row(s) affected) StmtText ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --SET SHOWPLAN_TEXT ON; WITH getSearches AS ( SELECT LogCount -- , DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Sum(LogCount) DESC, Inv_ID DESC) AS Rank , D.Inv_ID FROM LogInvSearches_Daily D (NOLOCK) INNER JOIN propertyControlCenter.dbo.Inventory I (NOLOCK) ON Acct_ID = 18731 AND I.Inv_ID = D.Inv_ID WHERE LogDay DateAdd(d, -30, getdate()) -- GROUP BY Inv_ID ) SELECT Sum(LogCount) AS Views, Inv_ID FROM getSearches GROUP BY Inv_ID (1 row(s) affected) StmtText ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |--Stream Aggregate(GROUP BY:([D].[Inv_ID]) DEFINE:([Expr1004]=SUM([LOALogs].[dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily].[LogCount] as [D].[LogCount]))) |--Sort(ORDER BY:([D].[Inv_ID] ASC)) |--Nested Loops(Inner Join, OUTER REFERENCES:([D].[Inv_ID])) |--Nested Loops(Inner Join, OUTER REFERENCES:([Expr1008], [Expr1009], [Expr1007])) | |--Compute Scalar(DEFINE:(([Expr1008],[Expr1009],[Expr1007])=GetRangeWithMismatchedTypes(dateadd(day,(-30),getdate()),NULL,(6)))) | | |--Constant Scan | |--Index Seek(OBJECT:([LOALogs].[dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily].[IX_LogInvSearches_Daily_LogDay] AS [D]), SEEK:([D].[LogDay] > [Expr1008] AND [D].[LogDay] < [Expr1009]) ORDERED FORWARD) |--Index Seek(OBJECT:([propertyControlCenter].[dbo].[Inventory].[IX_Inventory_Acct_ID] AS [I]), SEEK:([I].[Acct_ID]=(18731) AND [I].[Inv_ID]=[LOALogs].[dbo].[LogInvSearches_Daily].[Inv_ID] as [D].[Inv_ID]) ORDERED FORWARD) (8 row(s) affected) (1 row(s) affected) So given that I'm getting good Index Seeks in my execution plan, what can I do to get this running faster? Thanks, Dan

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  • onDraw() triggered but results don't show

    - by Don
    I have the following routine in a subclass of view: It calculates an array of points that make up a line, then erases the previous lines, then draws the new lines (impact refers to the width in pixels drawn with multiple lines). The line is your basic bell curve, squeezed or stretched by variance and x-factor. Unfortunately, nothing shows on the screen. A previous version with drawPoint() and no array worked, and I've verified the array contents are being loaded correctly, and I can see that my onDraw() is being triggered. Any ideas why it might not be drawn? Thanks in advance! protected void drawNewLine( int maxx, int maxy, Canvas canvas, int impact, double variance, double xFactor, int color) { // impact = 2 to 8; xFactor between 4 and 20; variance between 0.2 and 5 double x = 0; double y = 0; int cx = maxx / 2; int cy = maxy / 2; int mu = cx; int index = 0; points[maxx<<1][1] = points[maxx<<1][0]; for (x = 0; x < maxx; x++) { points[index][1] = points[index][0]; points[index][0] = (float) x; Log.i(DEBUG_TAG, "x: " + x); index++; double root = 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(2 * Math.PI * variance)); double exponent = -1.0 * (Math.pow(((x - mu)/maxx*xFactor), 2) / (2 * variance)); double ePow = Math.exp(exponent); y = Math.round(cy * root * ePow); points[index][1] = points[index][0]; points[index][0] = (float) (maxy - y - OFFSET); index++; } points[maxx<<1][0] = (float) impact; for (int line = 0; line < points[maxx<<1][1]; line++) { for (int pt = 0; pt < (maxx<<1); pt++) { pointsToPaint[pt] = points[pt][1]; } for (int skip = 1; skip < (maxx<<1); skip = skip + 2) pointsToPaint[skip] = pointsToPaint[skip] + line; myLinePaint.setColor(Color.BLACK); canvas.drawLines(pointsToPaint, bLinePaint); // draw over old lines w/blk } for (int line = 0; line < points[maxx<<1][0]; line++) { for (int pt = 0; pt < maxx<<1; pt++) { pointsToPaint[pt] = points[pt][0]; } for (int skip = 1; skip < maxx<<1; skip = skip + 2) pointsToPaint[skip] = pointsToPaint[skip] + line; myLinePaint.setColor(color); canvas.drawLines(pointsToPaint, myLinePaint); / new color } } update: Replaced the drawLines() with drawPoint() in loop, still no joy for (int p = 0; p<pointsToPaint.length; p = p + 2) { Log.i(DEBUG_TAG, "x " + pointsToPaint[p] + " y " + pointsToPaint[p+1]); canvas.drawPoint(pointsToPaint[p], pointsToPaint[p+1], myLinePaint); } /// canvas.drawLines(pointsToPaint, myLinePaint);

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  • ASP.NET MVC 2 from Scratch &ndash; Part 1 Listing Data from Database

    - by Max
    Part 1 - Listing Data from Database: Let us now learn ASP.NET MVC 2 from Scratch by actually developing a front end website for the Chinook database, which is an alternative to the traditional Northwind database. You can get the Chinook database from here. As always the best way to learn something is by working on it and doing something. The Chinook database has the following schema, a quick look will help us implementing the application in a efficient way. Let us first implement a grid view table with the list of Employees with some details, this table also has the Details, Edit and Delete buttons on it to do some operations. This is series of post will concentrate on creating a simple CRUD front end for Chinook DB using ASP.NET MVC 2. In this post, we will look at listing all the possible Employees in the database in a tabular format, from which, we can then edit and delete them as required. In this post, we will concentrate on setting up our environment and then just designing a page to show a tabular information from the database. We need to first setup the SQL Server database, you can download the required version and then set it up in your localhost. Then we need to add the LINQ to SQL Classes required for us to enable interaction with our database. Now after you do the above step, just use your Server Explorer in VS 2010 to actually navigate to the database, expand the tables node and then drag drop all the tables onto the Object Relational Designer space and you go you will have the tables visualized as classes. As simple as that. Now for the purpose of displaying the data from Employee in a table, we will show only the EmployeeID, Firstname and lastname. So let us create a class to hold this information. So let us add a new class called EmployeeList to the ViewModels. We will send this data model to the View and this can be displayed in the page. public class EmployeeList { public int EmployeeID { get; set; } public string Firstname { get; set; } public string Lastname { get; set; } public EmployeeList(int empID, string fname, string lname) { this.EmployeeID = empID; this.Firstname = fname; this.Lastname = lname; } } Ok now we have got the backend ready. Let us now look at the front end view now. We will first create a master called Site.Master and reuse it across the site. The Site.Master content will be <%@ Master Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Site.Master.cs" Inherits="ChinookMvcSample.Views.Shared.Site" %>   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title></title> <style type="text/css"> html { background-color: gray; } .content { width: 880px; position: relative; background-color: #ffffff; min-width: 880px; min-height: 800px; float: inherit; text-align: justify; } </style> <script src="../../Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="head" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> </head> <body> <center> <h1> My Website</h1> <div class="content"> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="body" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> </div> </center> </body> </html> The backend Site.Master.cs does not contain anything. In the actual Index.aspx view, we add the code to simply iterate through the collection of EmployeeList that was sent to the View via the Controller. So in the top of the Index.aspx view, we have this inherits which says Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<IEnumerable<ChinookMvcSample.ViewModels.EmployeeList>>" In this above line, we dictate that the page is consuming a IEnumerable collection of EmployeeList. So once we specify this and compile the project. Then in our Index.aspx page, we can consume the EmployeeList object and access all its methods and properties. <table class="styled" cellpadding="3" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <th colspan="3"> </th> <th> First Name </th> <th> Last Name </th> </tr> <% foreach (var item in Model) { %> <tr> <td align="center"> <%: Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = item.EmployeeID }, new { id = "links" })%> </td> <td align="center"> <%: Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id = item.EmployeeID }, new { id = "links" })%> </td> <td align="center"> <%: Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id = item.EmployeeID }, new { id = "links" })%> </td> <td> <%: item.Firstname %> </td> <td> <%: item.Lastname %> </td> </tr> <% } %> <tr> <td colspan="5"> <%: Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %> </td> </tr> </table> The Html.ActionLink is a Html Helper to a create a hyperlink in the page, in the one we have used, the first parameter is the text that is to be used for the hyperlink, second one is the action name, third one is the parameter to be passed, last one is the attributes to be added while the hyperlink is rendered in the page. Here we are adding the id=”links” to the hyperlinks that is created in the page. In the index.aspx page, we add some jQuery stuff add alternate row colours and highlight colours for rows on mouse over. Now the Controller that handles the requests and directs the request to the right view. For the index view, the controller would be public ActionResult Index() { //var Employees = from e in data.Employees select new EmployeeList(e.EmployeeId,e.FirstName,e.LastName); //return View(Employees.ToList()); return View(_data.Employees.Select(p => new EmployeeList(p.EmployeeId, p.FirstName, p.LastName))); } Let us also write a unit test using NUnit for the above, just testing EmployeeController’s Index. DataClasses1DataContext _data; public EmployeeControllerTest() { _data = new DataClasses1DataContext("Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Chinook;Integrated Security=True"); }   [Test] public void TestEmployeeIndex() { var e = new EmployeeController(_data); var result = e.Index() as ViewResult; var employeeList = result.ViewData.Model; Assert.IsNotNull(employeeList, "Result is null."); } In the first EmployeeControllerTest constructor, we set the data context to be used while running the tests. And then in the actual test, We just ensure that the View results returned by Index is not null. Here is the zip of the entire solution files until this point. Let me know if you have any doubts or clarifications. Cheers! Have a nice day.

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  • Can this PHP version of SPICE be improved?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    I do not know much about PHP's standard library of functions and was wondering if the following code can be improved in any way. The implementation should yield the same results, the API should remain as it is, but ways to make is more PHP-ish would be greatly appreciated. This is a custom encryption library. Code <?php /*************************************** Create random major and minor SPICE key. ***************************************/ function crypt_major() { $all = range("\x00", "\xFF"); shuffle($all); $major_key = implode("", $all); return $major_key; } function crypt_minor() { $sample = array(); do { array_push($sample, 0, 1, 2, 3); } while (count($sample) != 256); shuffle($sample); $list = array(); for ($index = 0; $index < 64; $index++) { $b12 = $sample[$index * 4] << 6; $b34 = $sample[$index * 4 + 1] << 4; $b56 = $sample[$index * 4 + 2] << 2; $b78 = $sample[$index * 4 + 3]; array_push($list, $b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78); } $minor_key = implode("", array_map("chr", $list)); return $minor_key; } /*************************************** Create the SPICE key via the given name. ***************************************/ function named_major($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_major(); } function named_minor($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_minor(); } /*************************************** Check validity for major and minor keys. ***************************************/ function _check_major($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 256) { foreach (range("\x00", "\xFF") as $char) { if (substr_count($key, $char) == 0) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } function _check_minor($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 64) { $indexs = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($key)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($indexs, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } $dict = array_count_values($indexs); foreach (range(0, 3) as $index) { if ($dict[$index] != 64) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /*************************************** Create encode maps for encode functions. ***************************************/ function _encode_map_1($major) { return array_map("ord", str_split($major)); } function _encode_map_2($minor) { $map_2 = array(array(), array(), array(), array()); $list = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($list, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { array_push($map_2[$list[$byte]], chr($byte)); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Create decode maps for decode functions. ***************************************/ function _decode_map_1($minor) { $map_1 = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($map_1, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } return $map_1; }function _decode_map_2($major) { $map_2 = array(); $temp = array_map("ord", str_split($major)); for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { $map_2[$temp[$byte]] = chr($byte); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Encrypt or decrypt the string with maps. ***************************************/ function _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; foreach (str_split($string) as $char) { $byte = $map_1[ord($char)]; foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { $cache .= $map_2[($byte >> $shift) & 3][mt_rand(0, 63)]; } } return $cache; } function _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($string); for ($iter = 0; $iter < strlen($string) / 4; $iter++) { $b12 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4])] << 6; $b34 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 1])] << 4; $b56 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 2])] << 2; $b78 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 3])]; $cache .= $map_2[$b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78]; } return $cache; } /*************************************** This is the public interface for coding. ***************************************/ function encode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string)) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _encode_map_1($major); $map_2 = _encode_map_2($minor); return _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } function decode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string) && strlen($string) % 4 == 0) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _decode_map_1($minor); $map_2 = _decode_map_2($major); return _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } ?> This is a sample showing how the code is being used. Hex editors may be of help with the input / output. Example <?php # get and process all of the form data @ $input = htmlspecialchars($_POST["input"]); @ $majorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorname"]); @ $minorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorname"]); @ $majorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorkey"]); @ $minorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorkey"]); @ $output = htmlspecialchars($_POST["output"]); # process the submissions by operation # CREATE @ $operation = $_POST["operation"]; if ($operation == "Create") { if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) == 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(crypt_major()); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) == 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(crypt_minor()); } if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) != 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(named_major($_POST["majorname"])); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) != 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(named_minor($_POST["minorname"])); } } # ENCRYPT or DECRYPT function is_hex($char) { if ($char == "0"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "1"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "2"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "3"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "4"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "5"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "6"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "7"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "8"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "9"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "a"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "b"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "c"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "d"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "e"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "f"): return TRUE; else: return FALSE; endif; } function hex2bin($str) { if (strlen($str) % 2 == 0): $string = strtolower($str); else: $string = strtolower("0" . $str); endif; $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($str); for ($index = 0; $index < count($temp) / 2; $index++) { $h1 = $temp[$index * 2]; if (is_hex($h1)) { $h2 = $temp[$index * 2 + 1]; if (is_hex($h2)) { $cache .= chr(hexdec($h1 . $h2)); } else { return FALSE; } } else { return FALSE; } } return $cache; } if ($operation == "Encrypt" || $operation == "Decrypt") { # CHECK FOR ANY ERROR $errors = array(); if (strlen($_POST["input"]) == 0) { $output = ""; } $binmajor = hex2bin($_POST["majorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["majorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a major key."); } elseif ($binmajor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_major($binmajor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key is corrupt."); } $binminor = hex2bin($_POST["minorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["minorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a minor key."); } elseif ($binminor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_minor($binminor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key is corrupt."); } if ($_POST["operation"] == "Decrypt") { $bininput = hex2bin(str_replace("\r", "", str_replace("\n", "", $_POST["input"]))); if ($bininput == FALSE) { if (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data must be in hex."); } } elseif (strlen($bininput) % 4 != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data is corrupt."); } } if (count($errors) != 0) { # ERRORS ARE FOUND $output = "ERROR:"; foreach ($errors as $error) { $output .= "\n" . $error; } } elseif (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { # CONTINUE WORKING if ($_POST["operation"] == "Encrypt") { # ENCRYPT $output = substr(chunk_split(bin2hex(encode_string($_POST["input"], $binmajor, $binminor)), 58), 0, -2); } else { # DECRYPT $output = htmlspecialchars(decode_string($bininput, $binmajor, $binminor)); } } } # echo the form with the values filled echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=input rows=25 cols=25>" . $input . "</TEXTAREA></P>\n"; echo "<P>Major Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorname value=\"" . $majorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorname value=\"" . $minorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Create name=operation>\n"; echo "</DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Major Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorkey value=\"" . $majorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorkey value=\"" . $minorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Encrypt name=operation> \n"; echo "<INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Decrypt name=operation> </DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Result:</P>\n"; echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=output rows=25 readOnly cols=25>" . $output . "</TEXTAREA></P></DIV></FORM>\n"; ?>

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  • How can this PHP code be improved? What should be changed?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    This is a custom encryption library. I do not know much about PHP's standard library of functions and was wondering if the following code can be improved in any way. The implementation should yield the same results, the API should remain as it is, but ways to make is more PHP-ish would be greatly appreciated. Code <?php /*************************************** Create random major and minor SPICE key. ***************************************/ function crypt_major() { $all = range("\x00", "\xFF"); shuffle($all); $major_key = implode("", $all); return $major_key; } function crypt_minor() { $sample = array(); do { array_push($sample, 0, 1, 2, 3); } while (count($sample) != 256); shuffle($sample); $list = array(); for ($index = 0; $index < 64; $index++) { $b12 = $sample[$index * 4] << 6; $b34 = $sample[$index * 4 + 1] << 4; $b56 = $sample[$index * 4 + 2] << 2; $b78 = $sample[$index * 4 + 3]; array_push($list, $b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78); } $minor_key = implode("", array_map("chr", $list)); return $minor_key; } /*************************************** Create the SPICE key via the given name. ***************************************/ function named_major($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_major(); } function named_minor($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_minor(); } /*************************************** Check validity for major and minor keys. ***************************************/ function _check_major($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 256) { foreach (range("\x00", "\xFF") as $char) { if (substr_count($key, $char) == 0) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } function _check_minor($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 64) { $indexs = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($key)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($indexs, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } $dict = array_count_values($indexs); foreach (range(0, 3) as $index) { if ($dict[$index] != 64) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /*************************************** Create encode maps for encode functions. ***************************************/ function _encode_map_1($major) { return array_map("ord", str_split($major)); } function _encode_map_2($minor) { $map_2 = array(array(), array(), array(), array()); $list = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($list, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { array_push($map_2[$list[$byte]], chr($byte)); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Create decode maps for decode functions. ***************************************/ function _decode_map_1($minor) { $map_1 = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($map_1, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } return $map_1; }function _decode_map_2($major) { $map_2 = array(); $temp = array_map("ord", str_split($major)); for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { $map_2[$temp[$byte]] = chr($byte); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Encrypt or decrypt the string with maps. ***************************************/ function _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; foreach (str_split($string) as $char) { $byte = $map_1[ord($char)]; foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { $cache .= $map_2[($byte >> $shift) & 3][mt_rand(0, 63)]; } } return $cache; } function _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($string); for ($iter = 0; $iter < strlen($string) / 4; $iter++) { $b12 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4])] << 6; $b34 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 1])] << 4; $b56 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 2])] << 2; $b78 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 3])]; $cache .= $map_2[$b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78]; } return $cache; } /*************************************** This is the public interface for coding. ***************************************/ function encode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string)) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _encode_map_1($major); $map_2 = _encode_map_2($minor); return _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } function decode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string) && strlen($string) % 4 == 0) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _decode_map_1($minor); $map_2 = _decode_map_2($major); return _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } ?> This is a sample showing how the code is being used. Hex editors may be of help with the input / output. Example <?php # get and process all of the form data @ $input = htmlspecialchars($_POST["input"]); @ $majorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorname"]); @ $minorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorname"]); @ $majorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorkey"]); @ $minorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorkey"]); @ $output = htmlspecialchars($_POST["output"]); # process the submissions by operation # CREATE @ $operation = $_POST["operation"]; if ($operation == "Create") { if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) == 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(crypt_major()); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) == 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(crypt_minor()); } if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) != 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(named_major($_POST["majorname"])); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) != 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(named_minor($_POST["minorname"])); } } # ENCRYPT or DECRYPT function is_hex($char) { if ($char == "0"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "1"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "2"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "3"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "4"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "5"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "6"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "7"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "8"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "9"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "a"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "b"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "c"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "d"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "e"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "f"): return TRUE; else: return FALSE; endif; } function hex2bin($str) { if (strlen($str) % 2 == 0): $string = strtolower($str); else: $string = strtolower("0" . $str); endif; $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($str); for ($index = 0; $index < count($temp) / 2; $index++) { $h1 = $temp[$index * 2]; if (is_hex($h1)) { $h2 = $temp[$index * 2 + 1]; if (is_hex($h2)) { $cache .= chr(hexdec($h1 . $h2)); } else { return FALSE; } } else { return FALSE; } } return $cache; } if ($operation == "Encrypt" || $operation == "Decrypt") { # CHECK FOR ANY ERROR $errors = array(); if (strlen($_POST["input"]) == 0) { $output = ""; } $binmajor = hex2bin($_POST["majorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["majorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a major key."); } elseif ($binmajor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_major($binmajor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key is corrupt."); } $binminor = hex2bin($_POST["minorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["minorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a minor key."); } elseif ($binminor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_minor($binminor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key is corrupt."); } if ($_POST["operation"] == "Decrypt") { $bininput = hex2bin(str_replace("\r", "", str_replace("\n", "", $_POST["input"]))); if ($bininput == FALSE) { if (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data must be in hex."); } } elseif (strlen($bininput) % 4 != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data is corrupt."); } } if (count($errors) != 0) { # ERRORS ARE FOUND $output = "ERROR:"; foreach ($errors as $error) { $output .= "\n" . $error; } } elseif (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { # CONTINUE WORKING if ($_POST["operation"] == "Encrypt") { # ENCRYPT $output = substr(chunk_split(bin2hex(encode_string($_POST["input"], $binmajor, $binminor)), 58), 0, -2); } else { # DECRYPT $output = htmlspecialchars(decode_string($bininput, $binmajor, $binminor)); } } } # echo the form with the values filled echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=input rows=25 cols=25>" . $input . "</TEXTAREA></P>\n"; echo "<P>Major Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorname value=\"" . $majorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorname value=\"" . $minorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Create name=operation>\n"; echo "</DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Major Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorkey value=\"" . $majorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorkey value=\"" . $minorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Encrypt name=operation> \n"; echo "<INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Decrypt name=operation> </DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Result:</P>\n"; echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=output rows=25 readOnly cols=25>" . $output . "</TEXTAREA></P></DIV></FORM>\n"; ?> What should be editted for better memory efficiency or faster execution?

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  • How can this PHP code be improved? What should change?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    This is a custom encryption library. I do not know much about PHP's standard library of functions and was wondering if the following code can be improved in any way. The implementation should yield the same results, the API should remain as it is, but ways to make is more PHP-ish would be greatly appreciated. Code <?php /*************************************** Create random major and minor SPICE key. ***************************************/ function crypt_major() { $all = range("\x00", "\xFF"); shuffle($all); $major_key = implode("", $all); return $major_key; } function crypt_minor() { $sample = array(); do { array_push($sample, 0, 1, 2, 3); } while (count($sample) != 256); shuffle($sample); $list = array(); for ($index = 0; $index < 64; $index++) { $b12 = $sample[$index * 4] << 6; $b34 = $sample[$index * 4 + 1] << 4; $b56 = $sample[$index * 4 + 2] << 2; $b78 = $sample[$index * 4 + 3]; array_push($list, $b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78); } $minor_key = implode("", array_map("chr", $list)); return $minor_key; } /*************************************** Create the SPICE key via the given name. ***************************************/ function named_major($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_major(); } function named_minor($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_minor(); } /*************************************** Check validity for major and minor keys. ***************************************/ function _check_major($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 256) { foreach (range("\x00", "\xFF") as $char) { if (substr_count($key, $char) == 0) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } function _check_minor($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 64) { $indexs = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($key)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($indexs, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } $dict = array_count_values($indexs); foreach (range(0, 3) as $index) { if ($dict[$index] != 64) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /*************************************** Create encode maps for encode functions. ***************************************/ function _encode_map_1($major) { return array_map("ord", str_split($major)); } function _encode_map_2($minor) { $map_2 = array(array(), array(), array(), array()); $list = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($list, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { array_push($map_2[$list[$byte]], chr($byte)); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Create decode maps for decode functions. ***************************************/ function _decode_map_1($minor) { $map_1 = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($map_1, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } return $map_1; }function _decode_map_2($major) { $map_2 = array(); $temp = array_map("ord", str_split($major)); for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { $map_2[$temp[$byte]] = chr($byte); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Encrypt or decrypt the string with maps. ***************************************/ function _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; foreach (str_split($string) as $char) { $byte = $map_1[ord($char)]; foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { $cache .= $map_2[($byte >> $shift) & 3][mt_rand(0, 63)]; } } return $cache; } function _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($string); for ($iter = 0; $iter < strlen($string) / 4; $iter++) { $b12 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4])] << 6; $b34 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 1])] << 4; $b56 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 2])] << 2; $b78 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 3])]; $cache .= $map_2[$b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78]; } return $cache; } /*************************************** This is the public interface for coding. ***************************************/ function encode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string)) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _encode_map_1($major); $map_2 = _encode_map_2($minor); return _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } function decode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string) && strlen($string) % 4 == 0) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _decode_map_1($minor); $map_2 = _decode_map_2($major); return _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } ?> This is a sample showing how the code is being used. Hex editors may be of help with the input / output. Example <?php # get and process all of the form data @ $input = htmlspecialchars($_POST["input"]); @ $majorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorname"]); @ $minorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorname"]); @ $majorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorkey"]); @ $minorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorkey"]); @ $output = htmlspecialchars($_POST["output"]); # process the submissions by operation # CREATE @ $operation = $_POST["operation"]; if ($operation == "Create") { if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) == 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(crypt_major()); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) == 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(crypt_minor()); } if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) != 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(named_major($_POST["majorname"])); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) != 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(named_minor($_POST["minorname"])); } } # ENCRYPT or DECRYPT function is_hex($char) { if ($char == "0"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "1"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "2"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "3"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "4"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "5"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "6"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "7"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "8"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "9"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "a"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "b"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "c"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "d"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "e"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "f"): return TRUE; else: return FALSE; endif; } function hex2bin($str) { if (strlen($str) % 2 == 0): $string = strtolower($str); else: $string = strtolower("0" . $str); endif; $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($str); for ($index = 0; $index < count($temp) / 2; $index++) { $h1 = $temp[$index * 2]; if (is_hex($h1)) { $h2 = $temp[$index * 2 + 1]; if (is_hex($h2)) { $cache .= chr(hexdec($h1 . $h2)); } else { return FALSE; } } else { return FALSE; } } return $cache; } if ($operation == "Encrypt" || $operation == "Decrypt") { # CHECK FOR ANY ERROR $errors = array(); if (strlen($_POST["input"]) == 0) { $output = ""; } $binmajor = hex2bin($_POST["majorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["majorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a major key."); } elseif ($binmajor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_major($binmajor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key is corrupt."); } $binminor = hex2bin($_POST["minorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["minorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a minor key."); } elseif ($binminor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_minor($binminor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key is corrupt."); } if ($_POST["operation"] == "Decrypt") { $bininput = hex2bin(str_replace("\r", "", str_replace("\n", "", $_POST["input"]))); if ($bininput == FALSE) { if (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data must be in hex."); } } elseif (strlen($bininput) % 4 != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data is corrupt."); } } if (count($errors) != 0) { # ERRORS ARE FOUND $output = "ERROR:"; foreach ($errors as $error) { $output .= "\n" . $error; } } elseif (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { # CONTINUE WORKING if ($_POST["operation"] == "Encrypt") { # ENCRYPT $output = substr(chunk_split(bin2hex(encode_string($_POST["input"], $binmajor, $binminor)), 58), 0, -2); } else { # DECRYPT $output = htmlspecialchars(decode_string($bininput, $binmajor, $binminor)); } } } # echo the form with the values filled echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=input rows=25 cols=25>" . $input . "</TEXTAREA></P>\n"; echo "<P>Major Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorname value=\"" . $majorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorname value=\"" . $minorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Create name=operation>\n"; echo "</DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Major Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorkey value=\"" . $majorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorkey value=\"" . $minorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Encrypt name=operation> \n"; echo "<INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Decrypt name=operation> </DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Result:</P>\n"; echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=output rows=25 readOnly cols=25>" . $output . "</TEXTAREA></P></DIV></FORM>\n"; ?> What should be editted for better memory efficiency or faster execution?

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  • What can be improved in this PHP code?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    This is a custom encryption library. I do not know much about PHP's standard library of functions and was wondering if the following code can be improved in any way. The implementation should yield the same results, the API should remain as it is, but ways to make is more PHP-ish would be greatly appreciated. Code <?php /*************************************** Create random major and minor SPICE key. ***************************************/ function crypt_major() { $all = range("\x00", "\xFF"); shuffle($all); $major_key = implode("", $all); return $major_key; } function crypt_minor() { $sample = array(); do { array_push($sample, 0, 1, 2, 3); } while (count($sample) != 256); shuffle($sample); $list = array(); for ($index = 0; $index < 64; $index++) { $b12 = $sample[$index * 4] << 6; $b34 = $sample[$index * 4 + 1] << 4; $b56 = $sample[$index * 4 + 2] << 2; $b78 = $sample[$index * 4 + 3]; array_push($list, $b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78); } $minor_key = implode("", array_map("chr", $list)); return $minor_key; } /*************************************** Create the SPICE key via the given name. ***************************************/ function named_major($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_major(); } function named_minor($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_minor(); } /*************************************** Check validity for major and minor keys. ***************************************/ function _check_major($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 256) { foreach (range("\x00", "\xFF") as $char) { if (substr_count($key, $char) == 0) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } function _check_minor($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 64) { $indexs = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($key)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($indexs, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } $dict = array_count_values($indexs); foreach (range(0, 3) as $index) { if ($dict[$index] != 64) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /*************************************** Create encode maps for encode functions. ***************************************/ function _encode_map_1($major) { return array_map("ord", str_split($major)); } function _encode_map_2($minor) { $map_2 = array(array(), array(), array(), array()); $list = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($list, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { array_push($map_2[$list[$byte]], chr($byte)); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Create decode maps for decode functions. ***************************************/ function _decode_map_1($minor) { $map_1 = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($map_1, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } return $map_1; }function _decode_map_2($major) { $map_2 = array(); $temp = array_map("ord", str_split($major)); for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { $map_2[$temp[$byte]] = chr($byte); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Encrypt or decrypt the string with maps. ***************************************/ function _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; foreach (str_split($string) as $char) { $byte = $map_1[ord($char)]; foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { $cache .= $map_2[($byte >> $shift) & 3][mt_rand(0, 63)]; } } return $cache; } function _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($string); for ($iter = 0; $iter < strlen($string) / 4; $iter++) { $b12 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4])] << 6; $b34 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 1])] << 4; $b56 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 2])] << 2; $b78 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 3])]; $cache .= $map_2[$b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78]; } return $cache; } /*************************************** This is the public interface for coding. ***************************************/ function encode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string)) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _encode_map_1($major); $map_2 = _encode_map_2($minor); return _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } function decode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string) && strlen($string) % 4 == 0) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _decode_map_1($minor); $map_2 = _decode_map_2($major); return _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } ?> This is a sample showing how the code is being used. Hex editors may be of help with the input / output. Example <?php # get and process all of the form data @ $input = htmlspecialchars($_POST["input"]); @ $majorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorname"]); @ $minorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorname"]); @ $majorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorkey"]); @ $minorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorkey"]); @ $output = htmlspecialchars($_POST["output"]); # process the submissions by operation # CREATE @ $operation = $_POST["operation"]; if ($operation == "Create") { if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) == 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(crypt_major()); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) == 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(crypt_minor()); } if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) != 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(named_major($_POST["majorname"])); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) != 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(named_minor($_POST["minorname"])); } } # ENCRYPT or DECRYPT function is_hex($char) { if ($char == "0"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "1"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "2"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "3"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "4"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "5"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "6"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "7"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "8"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "9"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "a"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "b"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "c"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "d"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "e"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "f"): return TRUE; else: return FALSE; endif; } function hex2bin($str) { if (strlen($str) % 2 == 0): $string = strtolower($str); else: $string = strtolower("0" . $str); endif; $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($str); for ($index = 0; $index < count($temp) / 2; $index++) { $h1 = $temp[$index * 2]; if (is_hex($h1)) { $h2 = $temp[$index * 2 + 1]; if (is_hex($h2)) { $cache .= chr(hexdec($h1 . $h2)); } else { return FALSE; } } else { return FALSE; } } return $cache; } if ($operation == "Encrypt" || $operation == "Decrypt") { # CHECK FOR ANY ERROR $errors = array(); if (strlen($_POST["input"]) == 0) { $output = ""; } $binmajor = hex2bin($_POST["majorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["majorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a major key."); } elseif ($binmajor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_major($binmajor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key is corrupt."); } $binminor = hex2bin($_POST["minorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["minorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a minor key."); } elseif ($binminor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_minor($binminor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key is corrupt."); } if ($_POST["operation"] == "Decrypt") { $bininput = hex2bin(str_replace("\r", "", str_replace("\n", "", $_POST["input"]))); if ($bininput == FALSE) { if (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data must be in hex."); } } elseif (strlen($bininput) % 4 != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data is corrupt."); } } if (count($errors) != 0) { # ERRORS ARE FOUND $output = "ERROR:"; foreach ($errors as $error) { $output .= "\n" . $error; } } elseif (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { # CONTINUE WORKING if ($_POST["operation"] == "Encrypt") { # ENCRYPT $output = substr(chunk_split(bin2hex(encode_string($_POST["input"], $binmajor, $binminor)), 58), 0, -2); } else { # DECRYPT $output = htmlspecialchars(decode_string($bininput, $binmajor, $binminor)); } } } # echo the form with the values filled echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=input rows=25 cols=25>" . $input . "</TEXTAREA></P>\n"; echo "<P>Major Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorname value=\"" . $majorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorname value=\"" . $minorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Create name=operation>\n"; echo "</DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Major Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorkey value=\"" . $majorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorkey value=\"" . $minorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Encrypt name=operation> \n"; echo "<INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Decrypt name=operation> </DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Result:</P>\n"; echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=output rows=25 readOnly cols=25>" . $output . "</TEXTAREA></P></DIV></FORM>\n"; ?> What should be editted for better memory efficiency or faster execution?

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  • SortedDictionary and SortedList

    - by Simon Cooper
    Apart from Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, there's two other dictionaries in the BCL - SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue> and SortedList<TKey, TValue>. On the face of it, these two classes do the same thing - provide an IDictionary<TKey, TValue> interface where the iterator returns the items sorted by the key. So what's the difference between them, and when should you use one rather than the other? (as in my previous post, I'll assume you have some basic algorithm & datastructure knowledge) SortedDictionary We'll first cover SortedDictionary. This is implemented as a special sort of binary tree called a red-black tree. Essentially, it's a binary tree that uses various constraints on how the nodes of the tree can be arranged to ensure the tree is always roughly balanced (for more gory algorithmical details, see the wikipedia link above). What I'm concerned about in this post is how the .NET SortedDictionary is actually implemented. In .NET 4, behind the scenes, the actual implementation of the tree is delegated to a SortedSet<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>. One example tree might look like this: Each node in the above tree is stored as a separate SortedSet<T>.Node object (remember, in a SortedDictionary, T is instantiated to KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>): class Node { public bool IsRed; public T Item; public SortedSet<T>.Node Left; public SortedSet<T>.Node Right; } The SortedSet only stores a reference to the root node; all the data in the tree is accessed by traversing the Left and Right node references until you reach the node you're looking for. Each individual node can be physically stored anywhere in memory; what's important is the relationship between the nodes. This is also why there is no constructor to SortedDictionary or SortedSet that takes an integer representing the capacity; there are no internal arrays that need to be created and resized. This may seen trivial, but it's an important distinction between SortedDictionary and SortedList that I'll cover later on. And that's pretty much it; it's a standard red-black tree. Plenty of webpages and datastructure books cover the algorithms behind the tree itself far better than I could. What's interesting is the comparions between SortedDictionary and SortedList, which I'll cover at the end. As a side point, SortedDictionary has existed in the BCL ever since .NET 2. That means that, all through .NET 2, 3, and 3.5, there has been a bona-fide sorted set class in the BCL (called TreeSet). However, it was internal, so it couldn't be used outside System.dll. Only in .NET 4 was this class exposed as SortedSet. SortedList Whereas SortedDictionary didn't use any backing arrays, SortedList does. It is implemented just as the name suggests; two arrays, one containing the keys, and one the values (I've just used random letters for the values): The items in the keys array are always guarenteed to be stored in sorted order, and the value corresponding to each key is stored in the same index as the key in the values array. In this example, the value for key item 5 is 'z', and for key item 8 is 'm'. Whenever an item is inserted or removed from the SortedList, a binary search is run on the keys array to find the correct index, then all the items in the arrays are shifted to accomodate the new or removed item. For example, if the key 3 was removed, a binary search would be run to find the array index the item was at, then everything above that index would be moved down by one: and then if the key/value pair {7, 'f'} was added, a binary search would be run on the keys to find the index to insert the new item, and everything above that index would be moved up to accomodate the new item: If another item was then added, both arrays would be resized (to a length of 10) before the new item was added to the arrays. As you can see, any insertions or removals in the middle of the list require a proportion of the array contents to be moved; an O(n) operation. However, if the insertion or removal is at the end of the array (ie the largest key), then it's only O(log n); the cost of the binary search to determine it does actually need to be added to the end (excluding the occasional O(n) cost of resizing the arrays to fit more items). As a side effect of using backing arrays, SortedList offers IList Keys and Values views that simply use the backing keys or values arrays, as well as various methods utilising the array index of stored items, which SortedDictionary does not (and cannot) offer. The Comparison So, when should you use one and not the other? Well, here's the important differences: Memory usage SortedDictionary and SortedList have got very different memory profiles. SortedDictionary... has a memory overhead of one object instance, a bool, and two references per item. On 64-bit systems, this adds up to ~40 bytes, not including the stored item and the reference to it from the Node object. stores the items in separate objects that can be spread all over the heap. This helps to keep memory fragmentation low, as the individual node objects can be allocated wherever there's a spare 60 bytes. In contrast, SortedList... has no additional overhead per item (only the reference to it in the array entries), however the backing arrays can be significantly larger than you need; every time the arrays are resized they double in size. That means that if you add 513 items to a SortedList, the backing arrays will each have a length of 1024. To conteract this, the TrimExcess method resizes the arrays back down to the actual size needed, or you can simply assign list.Capacity = list.Count. stores its items in a continuous block in memory. If the list stores thousands of items, this can cause significant problems with Large Object Heap memory fragmentation as the array resizes, which SortedDictionary doesn't have. Performance Operations on a SortedDictionary always have O(log n) performance, regardless of where in the collection you're adding or removing items. In contrast, SortedList has O(n) performance when you're altering the middle of the collection. If you're adding or removing from the end (ie the largest item), then performance is O(log n), same as SortedDictionary (in practice, it will likely be slightly faster, due to the array items all being in the same area in memory, also called locality of reference). So, when should you use one and not the other? As always with these sort of things, there are no hard-and-fast rules. But generally, if you: need to access items using their index within the collection are populating the dictionary all at once from sorted data aren't adding or removing keys once it's populated then use a SortedList. But if you: don't know how many items are going to be in the dictionary are populating the dictionary from random, unsorted data are adding & removing items randomly then use a SortedDictionary. The default (again, there's no definite rules on these sort of things!) should be to use SortedDictionary, unless there's a good reason to use SortedList, due to the bad performance of SortedList when altering the middle of the collection.

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  • Execution plan warnings–The final chapter

    - by Dave Ballantyne
    In my previous posts (here and here), I showed examples of some of the execution plan warnings that have been added to SQL Server 2012.  There is one other warning that is of interest to me : “Unmatched Indexes”. Firstly, how do I know this is the final one ?  The plan is an XML document, right ? So that means that it can have an accompanying XSD.  As an XSD is a schema definition, we can poke around inside it to find interesting things that *could* be in the final XML file. The showplan schema is stored in the folder Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\schemas\sqlserver\2004\07\showplan and by comparing schemas over releases you can get a really good idea of any new functionality that has been added. Here is the section of the Sql Server 2012 showplan schema that has been interesting me so far : <xsd:complexType name="AffectingConvertWarningType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation>Warning information for plan-affecting type conversion</xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:sequence> <!-- Additional information may go here when available --> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="ConvertIssue" use="required"> <xsd:simpleType> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:enumeration value="Cardinality Estimate" /> <xsd:enumeration value="Seek Plan" /> <!-- to be extended here --> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpleType> </xsd:attribute> <xsd:attribute name="Expression" type ="xsd:string" use="required" /></xsd:complexType><xsd:complexType name="WarningsType"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation>List of all possible iterator or query specific warnings (e.g. hash spilling, no join predicate)</xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element name="ColumnsWithNoStatistics" type="shp:ColumnReferenceListType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" /> <xsd:element name="SpillToTempDb" type="shp:SpillToTempDbType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xsd:element name="Wait" type="shp:WaitWarningType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> <xsd:element name="PlanAffectingConvert" type="shp:AffectingConvertWarningType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> </xsd:choice> <xsd:attribute name="NoJoinPredicate" type="xsd:boolean" use="optional" /> <xsd:attribute name="SpatialGuess" type="xsd:boolean" use="optional" /> <xsd:attribute name="UnmatchedIndexes" type="xsd:boolean" use="optional" /> <xsd:attribute name="FullUpdateForOnlineIndexBuild" type="xsd:boolean" use="optional" /></xsd:complexType> I especially like the “to be extended here” comment,  high hopes that we will see more of these in the future.   So “Unmatched Indexes” was a warning that I couldn’t get and many thanks must go to Fabiano Amorim (b|t) for showing me the way.   Filtered indexes were introduced in Sql Server 2008 and are really useful if you only need to index only a portion of the data within a table.  However,  if your SQL code uses a variable as a predicate on the filtered data that matches the filtered condition, then the filtered index cannot be used as, naturally,  the value in the variable may ( and probably will ) change and therefore will need to read data outside the index.  As an aside,  you could use option(recompile) here , in which case the optimizer will build a plan specific to the variable values and use the filtered index,  but that can bring about other problems.   To demonstrate this warning, we need to generate some test data :   DROP TABLE #TestTab1GOCREATE TABLE #TestTab1 (Col1 Int not null, Col2 Char(7500) not null, Quantity Int not null)GOINSERT INTO #TestTab1 VALUES (1,1,1),(1,2,5),(1,2,10),(1,3,20), (2,1,101),(2,2,105),(2,2,110),(2,3,120)GO and then add a filtered index CREATE INDEX ixFilter ON #TestTab1 (Col1)WHERE Quantity = 122 Now if we execute SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #TestTab1 WHERE Quantity = 122 We will see the filtered index being scanned But if we parameterize the query DECLARE @i INT = 122SELECT COUNT(*) FROM #TestTab1 WHERE Quantity = @i The plan is very different a table scan, as the value of the variable used in the predicate can change at run time, and also we see the familiar warning triangle. If we now look at the properties pane, we will see two pieces of information “Warnings” and “UnmatchedIndexes”. So, handily, we are being told which filtered index is not being used due to parameterization.

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  • Tomcat - Spring Framework - MySQL, Load balancing design

    - by Mat Banik
    Lets say I have Spring Framework App that is running on Tomcat and uses MySQL database: What would be the best solution in this instance that would allow for sociability (price/performance/integration time)? More precisely: What would be on the Web Load balancer box, and who should be the tomcat web server clustered? What would be on the Database Load balancer box and how should be the database servers clustered? And if at all possible specific technical integration links would be of great help.

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  • Webmin Cluster Copy Protocol

    - by hozza
    Just toying with a clustered server farm for fun (as you do) and experimenting with Webmin and its 'clustered' modules. It has a feature that can copy files from one server to another on a repeating basis. Does this feature/module use cron jobs and what protocol does it use to copy the files? I have searched all about the net and yet I cannot find any decent documentation on webmin or its features. Is it just poorly documented or am I missing something?

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  • How to do client side NFS failover in Linux?

    - by Doug
    I have a CentOS 6.3 client that needs to access NFS storage. There are two NFS servers that serve up the same content stored on a SAN with a clustered filesystem. How do I set up CentOS to failover to the backup NFS server if needed? When I Google, I keep reading that Linux does not support this, but that would be strange since there is plenty of information out there on how to set up a clustered Linux NFS server farm...

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  • Codeigniter benchmarking, where are these ms coming from?

    - by ropstah
    I'm in the process of benchmarking my website. class Home extends Controller { function Home() { parent::Controller(); $this->benchmark->mark('Constructor_start'); $this->output->enable_profiler(TRUE); $this->load->library ('MasterPage'); $this->benchmark->mark('Constructor_end'); } function index() { $this->benchmark->mark('Index_start'); $this->masterpage->setMasterPage('master/home'); $this->masterpage->addContent('home/index', 'page'); $this->masterpage->show(); $this->benchmark->mark('Index_start'); } } These are the results: Loading Time Base Classes: 0.0076 Constructor: 0.0007 Index: 0.0440 Controller Execution Time ( Home/ Index ): 0.4467 Total Execution Time: 0.4545` I understand the following: Loading Time Base Classes (0.0076) Constructor (0.0007) Index (0.0440) But where is the rest of the time coming from?

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  • Rails route error? uninitialized constant ActiveResource::Base

    - by Marco
    I'm following the Getting Started with Rails guide but ran into an issue opening http://localhost:3000 Shell output: [2010-03-23 19:19:14] ERROR NameError: uninitialized constant ActiveResource::Base Error in the browser: Internal Server Error uninitialized constant ActiveResource::Base WEBrick/1.3.1 (Ruby/1.8.7/2009-06-12) at localhost:3000 I followed the directions exactly as they were specified in the guide: Ran rails generate controller home index I removed index.html Added root :to = "home#index" to config/routes.rb I checked app/views/home/index.html.erb and it is indeed there. I then used rails server to launch the server. At first attempt the browser loads a blank page, but afterwards starts showing the browser error above. Why is it that Rails can't locate the index.html.erb file? Or is the error something different? - Running Rails 3.0beta with Ruby 1.8.7

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  • window.focus(), self.focus() not working in firefox

    - by Nisanth
    Hi all i am developing a chat application ... i have multiple chat windows ... i want to know which windw contain new message ... i have the following code .. function getCount() { $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: baseUrl + '/Chat/count', data: "chat_id=" + document.ajax.chat_id.value, success: function(msg){ if(msg == 'new1') { self.focus(); //window.focus(); } } }); } If an operator attending both chat.... for example the url is like http://localhost/nisanth/admin/Chat/index/chatId/15 http://localhost/nisanth/admin/Chat/index/chatId/16 http://localhost/nisanth/user/Chat/index/chatId/15 http://localhost/nisanth/user/Chat/index/chatId/16 if the user 16 enter a message i need focus http://localhost/nisanth/admin/Chat/index/chatId/16 This code is work fine with IE but not in firefox...please give me a solution... the above code is in the same html

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  • Routing to the actions with same names but different parameters

    - by zerkms
    I have this set of routes: routes.MapRoute( "IssueType", "issue/{type}", new { controller = "Issue", action = "Index" } ); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults ); Here is the controller class: public class IssueController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { // todo: redirect to concrete type return View(); } public ActionResult Index(string type) { return View(); } } why, when i request http://host/issue i get The current request for action 'Index' on controller type 'IssueController' is ambiguous between the following action methods: I expect that first one method should act when there is no parameters, and second one when some parameter specified. where did i made mistake? UPD: possible duplicate: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/436866/can-you-overload-controller-methods-in-asp-net-mvc

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  • There is insufficient system memory to run this query when creating temporary table

    - by phenevo
    StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(); query.Append("CREATE TABLE #Codes (Code nvarchar(100) collate database_default ) "); query.Append("Insert into #Codes (Code) "); int lengthOfCodesArray = targetCodes.Length; for (int index = 0; index < lengthOfCodesArray; index++) { string targetCode = targetCodes[index]; query.Append("Select N'" + targetCode + "' "); if (index != lengthOfCodesArray - 1) { query.Append("Union All "); } } query.Append("drop table #Codes "); on: cmd.ExecuteReader() I get There is insufficient system memory to run this query when creating temporary table But weird thing is that, when I have 25k codes is ok, when 5k I get this error. Initial size is 262 MB. Lengt of each code is average 15.

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  • Getting template metaprogramming compile-time constants at runtime

    - by GMan - Save the Unicorns
    Background Consider the following: template <unsigned N> struct Fibonacci { enum { value = Fibonacci<N-1>::value + Fibonacci<N-2>::value }; }; template <> struct Fibonacci<1> { enum { value = 1 }; }; template <> struct Fibonacci<0> { enum { value = 0 }; }; This is a common example and we can get the value of a Fibonacci number as a compile-time constant: int main(void) { std::cout << "Fibonacci(15) = "; std::cout << Fibonacci<15>::value; std::cout << std::endl; } But you obviously cannot get the value at runtime: int main(void) { std::srand(static_cast<unsigned>(std::time(0))); // ensure the table exists up to a certain size // (even though the rest of the code won't work) static const unsigned fibbMax = 20; Fibonacci<fibbMax>::value; // get index into sequence unsigned fibb = std::rand() % fibbMax; std::cout << "Fibonacci(" << fibb << ") = "; std::cout << Fibonacci<fibb>::value; std::cout << std::endl; } Because fibb is not a compile-time constant. Question So my question is: What is the best way to peek into this table at run-time? The most obvious solution (and "solution" should be taken lightly), is to have a large switch statement: unsigned fibonacci(unsigned index) { switch (index) { case 0: return Fibonacci<0>::value; case 1: return Fibonacci<1>::value; case 2: return Fibonacci<2>::value; . . . case 20: return Fibonacci<20>::value; default: return fibonacci(index - 1) + fibonacci(index - 2); } } int main(void) { std::srand(static_cast<unsigned>(std::time(0))); static const unsigned fibbMax = 20; // get index into sequence unsigned fibb = std::rand() % fibbMax; std::cout << "Fibonacci(" << fibb << ") = "; std::cout << fibonacci(fibb); std::cout << std::endl; } But now the size of the table is very hard coded and it wouldn't be easy to expand it to say, 40. The only one I came up with that has a similiar method of query is this: template <int TableSize = 40> class FibonacciTable { public: enum { max = TableSize }; static unsigned get(unsigned index) { if (index == TableSize) { return Fibonacci<TableSize>::value; } else { // too far, pass downwards return FibonacciTable<TableSize - 1>::get(index); } } }; template <> class FibonacciTable<0> { public: enum { max = 0 }; static unsigned get(unsigned) { // doesn't matter, no where else to go. // must be 0, or the original value was // not in table return 0; } }; int main(void) { std::srand(static_cast<unsigned>(std::time(0))); // get index into sequence unsigned fibb = std::rand() % FibonacciTable<>::max; std::cout << "Fibonacci(" << fibb << ") = "; std::cout << FibonacciTable<>::get(fibb); std::cout << std::endl; } Which seems to work great. The only two problems I see are: Potentially large call stack, since calculating Fibonacci<2 requires we go through TableMax all the way to 2, and: If the value is outside of the table, it returns zero as opposed to calculating it. So is there something I am missing? It seems there should be a better way to pick out these values at runtime. A template metaprogramming version of a switch statement perhaps, that generates a switch statement up to a certain number? Thanks in advance.

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #005

    - by pinaldave
    Here is the list of curetted articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2006 SQL SERVER – Cursor to Kill All Process in Database I indeed wrote this cursor and when I often look back, I wonder how naive I was to write this. The reason for writing this cursor was to free up my database from any existing connection so I can do database operation. This worked fine but there can be a potentially big issue if there was any important transaction was killed by this process. There is another way to to achieve the same thing where we can use ALTER syntax to take database in single user mode. Read more about that over here and here. 2007 Rules of Third Normal Form and Normalization Advantage – 3NF The rules of 3NF are mentioned here Make a separate table for each set of related attributes, and give each table a primary key. If an attribute depends on only part of a multi-valued key, remove it to a separate table If attributes do not contribute to a description of the key, remove them to a separate table. Correct Syntax for Stored Procedure SP Sometime a simple question is the most important question. I often see in industry incorrectly written Stored Procedure. Few writes code after the most outer BEGIN…END and few writes code after the GO Statement. In this brief blog post, I have attempted to explain the same. 2008 Switch Between Result Pan and Query Pan – SQL Shortcut Many times when I am writing query I have to scroll the result displayed in the result set. Most of the developer uses the mouse to switch between and Query Pane and Result Pane. There are few developers who are crazy about Keyboard shortcuts. F6 is the keyword which can be used to switch between query pane and tabs of the result pane. Interesting Observation – Use of Index and Execution Plan Query Optimization is a complex game and it has its own rules. From the example in the article we have discovered that Query Optimizer does not use clustered index to retrieve data, sometime non clustered index provides optimal performance for retrieving Primary Key. When all the rows and columns are selected Primary Key should be used to select data as it provides optimal performance. 2009 Interesting Observation – TOP 100 PERCENT and ORDER BY If you pull up any application or system where there are more than 100 SQL Server Views are created – I am very confident that at one or two places you will notice the scenario wherein View the ORDER BY clause is used with TOP 100 PERCENT. SQL Server 2008 VIEW with ORDER BY clause does not throw an error; moreover, it does not acknowledge the presence of it as well. In this article we have taken three perfect examples and demonstrated which clause we should use when. Comma Separated Values (CSV) from Table Column A Very common question – How to create comma separated values from a table in the database? The answer is also very common if we use XML. Check out this article for quick learning on the same subject. Azure Start Guide – Step by Step Installation Guide Though Azure portal has changed a quite bit since I wrote this article, the concept used in this article are not old. They are still valid and many of the functions are still working as mentioned in the article. I believe this one article will put you on the track to use Azure! Size of Index Table for Each Index – Solution Earlier I have posted a small question on this blog and requested help from readers to participate here and provide a solution. The puzzle was to write a query that will return the size for each index that is on any particular table. We need a query that will return an additional column in the above listed query and it should contain the size of the index. This article presents two of the best solutions from the puzzle. 2010 Well, this week in 2010 was the week of puzzles as I posted three interesting puzzles. Till today I am noticing pretty good interesting in the puzzles. They are tricky but for sure brings a great value if you are a database developer for a long time. I suggest you go over this puzzles and their answers. Did you really know all of the answers? I am confident that reading following three blog post will for sure help you enhance the experience with T-SQL. SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Usage of FAST Hint SQL SERVER – Puzzle – Challenge – Error While Converting Money to Decimal SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Why does RIGHT JOIN Exists 2011 DVM sys.dm_os_sys_info Column Name Changed in SQL Server 2012 Have you ever faced a situation where something does not work? When you try to fix it - you enjoy fixing it and started to appreciate the breaking changes. Well, this was exactly I felt yesterday. Before I begin my story, I want to candidly state that I do not encourage anybody to use * in the SELECT statement. Now the disclaimer is over – I suggest you read the original story – you will love it! Get Directory Structure using Extended Stored Procedure xp_dirtree Here is the question to you – why would you do something in SQL Server where you can do the same task in command prompt much easily. Well, the answer is sometime there are real use cases when we have to do such thing. This is a similar example where I have demonstrated how in SQL Server 2012 we can use extended stored procedure to retrieve directory structure. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Change the Views location

    - by Vinni
    I am developing a website in MVC 2.0. I want to change the View folder location in my website. I wanted to keep the views folder inside other folders, When I try to do so i am getting following errors The view 'Index' or its master was not found. The following locations were searched: ~/Views/Search/Index.aspx ~/Views/Search/Index.ascx ~/Views/Shared/Index.aspx ~/Views/Shared/Index.ascx Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. My Views folder will be in ~/XYZ/ABC/Views instead of ~/Views. Please solve my problem. Will I get any problems If I change the default Views folder location. Do I need to change anything in HTML Helper classes because I don't know anything in MVC as this is my starting project i dont want to risk..Please help me out...

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  • how to set flex combobox cursor position

    - by crazy horse
    I have a combobox implementation as follows - Based on user input (min 2 chars) in the editable combobox, the data provider is refreshed and drop-down opened, showing different data sets as user input varies. Problem is that after drop-down opens, the cursor moves back to the beginning. So for instance, the user types in "ab", and wants to type in "c" to form the search string "abc". Due to the cursor re-setting its position to 0, the search string instead ends up as "cab". Here's what I tried already (doesn't work) : textInput.mx_internal::getTextField().setSelection(index, index); where index = length of user input. This selects text from index to index (which effectively un-selects text) and is supposed to place the cursor at the end. Any thoughts?

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  • How to split string in group in vb.net

    - by amol kadam
    Hi. i'm amol kadam,I want to know how to split string in two part.My string is in Time format (12:12).& I want to seperate this in hour & minute format.the datatype for all variables are string. for hour variable used strTimeHr & for minute strTimeMin .I tried below code but their was a exception "Index and length must refer to a location within the string. Parameter name: length" If Not (objDS.Tables(0).Rows(0)("TimeOfAccident") Is Nothing Or objDS.Tables(0).Rows(0)("TimeOfAccident") Is System.DBNull.Value) Then strTime = objDS.Tables(0).Rows(0)("TimeOfAccident") 'strTime taking value 12:12 index = strTime.IndexOf(":") 'index taking value 2 lastIndex = strTime.Length 'Lastindex taking value 5 strTimeHr = strTime.Substring(0, index) 'strTime taking value 12 correctly strTimeMin = strTime.Substring(index + 1, lastIndex) 'BUT HERE IS PROBLEM OCCURE strTimeMin Doesn't taking any value Me.NumUpDwHr.Text = strTimeHr Me.NumUpDwMin.Text = strTimeMin End If

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