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  • Is using dirname(__FILE__) a good practice?

    - by webose
    Looking at the code of Joomla I see that in the first line of the index, it defines the base path of installation with dirname(__FILE__). Is this a possible risk for the site? If a non controlled error message show the internal path of the Joomla directory, because of, for example a failed include, can it be used to perform some kind of attack to the site? If yes, is it convenient to use this function?

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  • best practice for last-modified and created dates

    - by drewbenn
    I have a website with a handful (currently 3; I anticipate about a dozen when it's complete) of static html pages. I'd like to include "created" and "last-modified" dates in the pages for the benefit of visitors who arrive a week or a month or a few years from now. I expect anyone who cares to be viewing the source, so I could do: <!-- created yyyy-mm-dd, last-modified yyyy-mm-dd --> but I'd like to use something more standard (and elegant). I've found one reference to last modified (but only a mention in the text, not an actual code reference, so I'm not positive how to properly implement it) but not created. Is there a proper way to display both (or at least one) of these dates?

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  • Best practice- handling images on website

    - by Steve
    I am porting an old eCommerce site to MVC 3 and would like to take advantage of design improvements. The site currently has product images stored in 3 sizes: thumbnail, medium (for display in a list) and expanded for a zoomed look. Right now we are having to upload 3 separate images that are sized exactly right, provide 3 different names that match what the site expects, etc., it is a pain. I'd like to upload just 1 file, the large one, then let the site reduce it to needed sizes, and I'd like the flexibility to change the thumbnail and list sizes depending on user preferences, form factor (e.g. mobile, iPad, desktop), etc. so might need many copies of the same image. My question is should the image be reduced then saved several times upon upload and if so what is a good storage/naming convention? The other idea is to store just the single image but resize it programmatically before serving it to the client. Has anybody done this and what are the tradeoffs besides a few more machine cycles? How do you pass a temporary image in memory to the client (there is no URL)?

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  • Tomcat directly serve static (css, js) files shared by multiple applications

    - by Josvic Zammit
    I'm using the ExtJS framework which has a bulk of js and css files that are used for all apps. I intend to share these between a number of web applications (different war files). For this reason I would like to serve ExtJS js and css directly from the web server, in my case Tomcat6, which can be used to serve static files, as in this helpful link. Therefore I put my files under /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/ROOT/extjs/. The static files that are directly under that directory are served correctly, e.g. /extjs/ext.js correctly serves the file at /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/ROOT/extjs/ext.js. However files in lower-level directories, for example /extjs/welcome/css/welcome.css, which should serve the file at /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/ROOT/extjs/welcome/css/welcome.css, return a 404. TL/DR Tomcat serves static files only at top-level directory. A 404 is returned for files deeper in the hierarchy. Config file contents: server.xml application's web.xml

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  • Style Sheet Languages Before CSS

    CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is one of the most widely used form of style sheet languages used in the market. According to many professionals, CSS was the perfect move from the use of tables in web ... [Author: Margarette Mcbride - Web Design and Development - May 03, 2010]

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  • Better Than CSS?

    CSS is considered by many as the most popular style sheet language used in the industry. However, aside from CSS, there have also been other style sheet languages in the market which many have said t... [Author: Margarette Mcbride - Web Design and Development - May 02, 2010]

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  • Good SEO Practice

    When someone is looking online for what you have to offer, you want them to come to your website. Search engine optimization (SEO) is one way of increasing the volume of traffic to your site.

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  • rewrite image URLs

    - by Don
    Hi, I'm writing a Maven plugin that merges CSS files together. So all the CSS files that match /foo/bar/*.css might get merged to /foo/merged.css. A concern is that in a file such as /foo/bar/baz.css there might be a property such as: background: url("images/pic.jpg") So when the file is merged into /foo/merged.css this will need to be changed to background: url("bar/images/pic.jpg") The recalculated URL obviously depends on 3 factors: original URL original CSS file location merged CSS file location Assuming that the original and merged CSS files are both on the same filesystem, is there a general formula (or Java library) that can be used to calculate the new url given these 3 inputs? Thanks, Don

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  • jQuery DataTables is messing op my CSS grids in IE8, how to fix?

    - by Brendan Vogt
    I am using ASP.NET MVC3 with the jQuery Datatable plug in. I am having an issues with my CSS layout when the datatable is on a page. If there is no datatable then everything displays fine. When the datatable is on the screen then it overlaps the footer of my website. I can't seem to get this to display correctly. I have a grid layout using the YUI3, and this is what I all use from YUI3 (in this order): cssreset-min cssfonts-min cssgrids-min cssbase-min This works fine in the latest version of FireFox. I am only testing on IE8, this is a requirement and most of the people at my work uses IE8. I have minified my HTML so that only the bare minimum is available. This is my HTML: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My Website</title> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <link href="/Assets/Stylesheets/hef2.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="/Assets/Stylesheets/jQuery-DataTables/css/jquery.dataTables.css" rel="stylesheet" /> </head> <body> <div id="hd">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</div> <div id="bd"> <div class="yui3-g"> <div class="yui3-u" id="nav"> <div id="nav-container"> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="yui3-u" id="main"> <div id="main-container"> <div class="content"> <h1>Banks Dashboard</h1> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> <div class="content"> <div id="banks-datatable-wrapper"> <div id="banks-datatable-container"></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> <div class="content"> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ft">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet metus. Nunc quam elit, posuere nec, auctor in, rhoncus quis, dui. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut dignissim, massa sit amet dignissim cursus, quam lacus feugiat.</div> <script src="/Assets/JavaScripts/jQuery/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script> <script src="/Assets/JavaScripts/jQuery-DataTables/jquery.dataTables.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $('#banks-datatable-container').html('<table class="display" id="banks-datatable"></table>'); $('#banks-datatable').dataTable({ "aoColumns": [ { "sTitle": "Engine" }, { "sTitle": "Browser" }, { "sTitle": "Platform" }, { "sTitle": "Version", "sClass": "center" }, { "sTitle": "Grade" } ], "bAutoWidth": false, "bFilter": false, "bLengthChange": false, "bProcessing": true, //"bServerSide": true, "bSort": false, "iDisplayLength": 11, "sAjaxSource": '/Administration/Bank/List2' }); }); </script> </body> </html> This is the only CSS that I currently use together with the CSS of YUI3: body { margin: auto; width: 1025px; } #nav { width: 300px; } #main { width: 725px; } Can someone please help me get this sorted out? I have tried tried adding clear:both but it didn't work. Is the an online service like jsbin where I can paste/upload my HTML/CSS code/files? Code can viewed at: http://live.datatables.net/efosuj/3/edit. It displays correctly in the available viewer but when run separate in IE8 then it gives issues. UPDATE 2012-06-12 I managed to add the following and it works, but I would like to add it in a style, tried it but it didn't work: if (navigator.userAgent.toString().indexOf('MSIE') >= 0) { jQuery('#main-container').css('overflow', 'auto'); } This was added after the grid was loaded. Is this the only way to do this?

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  • Oracle B2B Started Kit

    - by Nitesh Jain Oracle
    This post is for audience who is starting their journey with Oracle B2B 11g practice. Thought of writing this article as even i wondered as to what to do where to search while i was like you. Hope this material will help you to understand Oracle B2B closely: Oracle B2B OTN : http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/b2b/index.html Download Location: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/soasuite/collateral/downloads.html#11.1.1.3.0 Installation Guide: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/doc.1111/e13925/toc.htm User Guide: http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14571_01/integration.1111/e10229/toc.htm Sample Location: B2B Samples are part of SOA sample at below location: http://www.oracle.com/technology/sample_code/products/soa/index.html Developer Notes / Step by Step configuration guide: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/b2b/index.html http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/b2b/collateral/B2B_TU001_EDI.pdf http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/b2b/collateral/B2B_TU002_HL7.pdf http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/soa/b2b/collateral/B2B_TU003_ebxml.pdf Blog: http://blogs.oracle.com/oracleb2bgurus/ Forum: http://forums.oracle.com/forums/forum.jspa?forumID=242&start=0 This article is as per Oracle B2B 11g PS2 Release (11.1.1.3.0)

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  • When do one give up on programming challenges to look at the solutions?

    - by snowpolar
    Recently, I have been trying to learn programming and improve my ability in writing method level code through practices on websites such as Codingbat.com However in the recent weeks I have been stuck for weeks at the last 2-3 questions of String-2/Array-2 and early String/Array-3 problems. It feels really tempting for me to give up and google online for the solutions, but I'm afraid that by doing so I may end up not improving my ability at all. I wonder if this is common and when faced with such situations how long do 1 wait before giving up to look at the solutions or to continue spending more weeks on trying to solve the problems by yourself? How do 1 really engage in effective deliberate practice to improve programming ability and attain the necessary problem solving techniques? Any formal techniques available to tackle the never seen before problems?

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  • CSS precedence order? My lecture slides are correct or not?

    - by Michael Mao
    Hi all: I've noticed that there are a couple of similar questions and answers at SO already, but let me clarify my specific question here first: I've got lecture slides which states like this: To be frank, I haven't heard of this rule of css precedence myself, and I googled to find something with similar topic but not quite like that : here To have a test myself, I've made a test page on my own server here After running it on FireFox 3.6.3, I am sure it does not show the way as it should be, according to the statement in lecture slides: imported stylesheet ? am I doing it wrong? I cannot see its effect using FireBug it says that embedded stylesheet has a higher precedence over linked/imported stylesheets, however, it doesn't work, if I put the linked/imported tag AFTER that. inline style vs html attributes ? I've got an image where I firstly set its inline style to control the width and height, then use direct html attributes width/height to try modifying that, but failed... Below is the source code : <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> #target { border : 2px solid green; color : green; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="./linked.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> </head> <body> <div id="target">A targeted div tag on page.</div> <img src="cat.jpg" alt="" style="width : 102px; height : 110px;" width="204px" height="220px" /> </body> </html> Can any experienced CSS guys help me figure out if the slide is correct or not? Frankly speaking, I am puzzled myself, as I can clearly see some other "incorrect" statements here and there amongst the slides, such as JavaScript is on client-side (how about server-side JavaScript?) and "Embedded styles are in the head section of a web page "(what the heck? I am not allowed to put it inside the body tag?) Sorry about this silly question, the exam is on TOMORROW, and I now see a lot of things to think about :)

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  • Is it possible to use CSS to align these divs/spans in a table-like manner?

    - by Justin L.
    I have <div class='line'> <div class='chord_line'> <span class='chord_block'></span> <span class='chord_block'>E</span> <span class='chord_block'>B</span> <span class='chord_block'>C#m</span> <span class='chord_block'>A</span> </div> <div class='lyric_line'> <span class='lyric_block'></span> <span class='lyric_block'>Just a</span> <span class='lyric_block'>small-town girl</span> <span class='lyric_block'>living in a</span> <span class='lyric_block'>lonely world</span> </div> </div> (Excuse me for not being too familiar with proper css conventions for when to use div/spans) I want to be able to display them so that each chord_block span and lyric_block span is aligned vertically, as if they were left-aligned and on the same row of a table. For example: E B C#m A Just a small-town girl living in a lonely world (There will often be cases where an empty chord block is matched up to non-empty lyric block, and vice-versa.) I'm completely new to using CSS to align things, and have had no real understanding/experience of CSS aside from changing background colors and link styles. Is this possible in CSS? If not, how could the div/class nesting structure be revised to make this possible? I could change the spans to divs if necessary. Some things I cannot use: I can't change the structure to group things by a chord_and_lyric_block div (and have their width stretch to the length of the lyric, and stack them horizontally), because I couldn't really copy/select the lyrical lines continuously in their entirety, which is extremely critical. I'm trying to avoid a table-like solution, because this data is not tabular at all. The chord line and the lyric line are meant to be read as one continuous line, not a set of cells. Also, apart from the design philosophy reasons, I think it might have the same problems as the previous thing bullet point. If this is possible, what div/span attributes should I be using? Can you provide sample css? If this is not possible, can it be done with javascript?

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  • Is it possible to use CSS to align these divs/spans in a table-like manner? (While still retaining continuity)

    - by Justin L.
    I have <div class='line'> <div class='chord_line'> <span class='chord_block'></span> <span class='chord_block'>E</span> <span class='chord_block'>B</span> <span class='chord_block'>C#m</span> <span class='chord_block'>A</span> </div> <div class='lyric_line'> <span class='lyric_block'></span> <span class='lyric_block'>Just a</span> <span class='lyric_block'>small-town girl</span> <span class='lyric_block'>living in a</span> <span class='lyric_block'>lonely world</span> </div> </div> (Excuse me for not being too familiar with proper css conventions for when to use div/spans) I want to be able to display them so that each chord_block span and lyric_block span is aligned vertically, as if they were left-aligned and on the same row of a table. For example: E B C#m A Just a small-town girl living in a lonely world (There will often be cases where an empty chord block is matched up to non-empty lyric block, and vice-versa.) I'm completely new to using CSS to align things, and have had no real understanding/experience of CSS aside from changing background colors and link styles. Is this possible in CSS? If not, how could the div/class nesting structure be revised to make this possible? I could change the spans to divs if necessary. Some things I cannot use: I can't change the structure to group things by a chord_and_lyric_block div (and have their width stretch to the length of the lyric, and stack them horizontally), because I couldn't really copy/select the lyrical lines continuously in their entirety, which is extremely critical. I'm trying to avoid a table-like solution, because this data is not tabular at all. The chord line and the lyric line are meant to be read as one continuous line, not a set of cells. Also, apart from the design philosophy reasons, I think it might have the same problems as the previous thing bullet point. If this is possible, what div/span attributes should I be using? Can you provide sample css? If this is not possible, can it be done with javascript? EDIT: I'm sorry I wasn't clear at the start, but I would like a solution that allows both the chord line and the lyric line to be "selectable" and continuous.

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  • Why doesn't Firefox cache my images and CSS

    - by Richard A
    I am using IIS7, I have already set up the following. But when I run Firefox it seems not to cache any of my images even with "remember history" set. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <system.webServer> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlCustom="public" cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="7.00:00:00" /> </staticContent> </system.webServer> </configuration> However when I use Firebug it still points to Firefox not caching images and CSS: public,max-age=604800 Content-Type text/css Content-Encoding gzip Last-Modified Mon, 27 Jun 2011 03:53:22 GMT Accept-Ranges bytes Etag "507968c27d34cc1:0" Vary Accept-Encoding Server Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-Powered-By ASP.NET Date Mon, 27 Jun 2011 13:06:41 GMT Content-Length 5067 Request Headersview source Host www.xx.com User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1 Accept text/css,*/*;q=0.1 Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 115 Connection keep-alive Referer http://www.xx.com/ Cookie __utma=62996397.135679654.1309106351.1309159743.1309164158.8; __utmz=62996397.1309106351.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utmc=62996397

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  • Why doesn't Firefox cache my images and CSS

    - by Richard A
    I am using IIS7, I have already set up the following. But when I run Firefox it seems not to cache any of my images even with "remember history" set. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <system.webServer> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlCustom="public" cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="7.00:00:00" /> </staticContent> </system.webServer> </configuration> However when I use Firebug it still points to Firefox not caching images and CSS: public,max-age=604800 Content-Type text/css Content-Encoding gzip Last-Modified Mon, 27 Jun 2011 03:53:22 GMT Accept-Ranges bytes Etag "507968c27d34cc1:0" Vary Accept-Encoding Server Microsoft-IIS/7.5 X-Powered-By ASP.NET Date Mon, 27 Jun 2011 13:06:41 GMT Content-Length 5067 Request Headersview source Host www.xx.com User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1 Accept text/css,*/*;q=0.1 Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive 115 Connection keep-alive Referer http://www.xx.com/ Cookie __utma=62996397.135679654.1309106351.1309159743.1309164158.8; __utmz=62996397.1309106351.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utmc=62996397

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  • Global UTF-encoding, the right way

    - by mowgli
    I'm curious, as to what is the right way to have UTF-8 encoding on all web files All my files (incl. CSS and JS) are made and saved in UTF-8 encoding In PHP, I set the char-set on top of the main page (this page includes all others) with: header('Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8'); In the same page I have this html meta tag: <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> Then I stubled upon an external css file that has this on first line: @charset "UTF-8"; And now I wonder, should I set the charset INSIDE all my CSS/JS files too, like that? And/or should I serve each file with charset=utf-8 in the meta tag?

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  • CSS3 - "connecting" 2 classes animation [closed]

    - by Nave Tseva
    I have this CSS +HTML code: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>What</title> <style type="text/css"> #page { width: 900px; padding: 0px; margin: 0 auto; direction: rtl; position: relative; } #box1 { position: relative; width: 500px; border: 1px solid black; box-shadow: -3px 8px 34px #808080; border-radius: 20px; box-shadow: -8px 5px 5px #888888; right: 300px; top: 250px; height: 150px; -webkit-transition: all 1s; font-size: large; color: Black; padding: 10px; background: #D0D0D0; opacity: 0; } @-webkit-keyframes myFirst { 0% { right: 300px; top: 150px; background: #D0D0D0; opacity: 0; } 100% { background: #909090; ; right: 300px; top: 200px; opacity: 1; } } #littlebox1 { top: 200px; position: absolute; display: inline-block; } .littlebox1-sentence { font-size: large; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-top: 15px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 10px; background: #D0D0D0; border-radius: 10px; -webkit-transition: background .25s ease-in-out; } #littlebox1:hover ~ #box1 { -webkit-transition: all 0s; background: #909090;; right: 300px; top: 200px; -webkit-animation: myFirst 1s; -webkit-animation-fill-mode: initial; opacity: 1; } .littlebox1-sentence:hover { background: #909090; } .littlebox1-sentence:hover + .triangle { border-right: 50px solid #909090; } .triangle { position: relative; width: 0; height: 0; border-right: 50px solid #D0D0D0; border-top: 24px solid transparent; border-bottom: 24px solid transparent; right: 160px; -webkit-transition: border-right .25s ease-in-out; } .triangle:hover { border-right:50px solid #909090; } </style> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> $(function() { $('.littlebox1-sentence').hover(function() { $(this).css('background', '#909090'); $('.triangle').css('border-right', '50px solid #909090'); }); </script> <script> $(function() { $('.triangle').hover(function() { $(this).css('border-right', '50px solid #909090'); $('.littlebox1-sentence').css('background', '#909090'); }); </script> </head> <body dir="rtl"> <div id="page"> <div id="littlebox1" class="littlebox1-sentence">put your mouse here</div><div id="littlebox1" class="triangle"> </div> <div id="box1"> </div> </div> </body> </html> Live example you will find here: http://jsfiddle.net/FLe4g/12/ The problem here that something here wrong in the second jquery code. I want that every time that I put the mouse on the box, or on the triangke they both will change ther color together. when I put the mouse on the box it works fine, but when I put the mouse on the triangle it don't work. Any suggestions how to fix this code?

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  • Is it okay to introduce LESS to not so savvy UI Designers?

    - by Jason Nathan
    I just got a job as lead developer and I thought it would be best to seek the expertise of my peers (that's you) before proceeding! I had the opportunity to review my designers and they are mostly photoshop pros with dreamweaver as their main HTML/CSS editor. A more visual experience. I, on the other hand, have had much experience hand-writing all my code. From HTML markup to CSS. From my understanding, my designers have basic CSS knowledge and I am considering a simple 101 style set of tutorials for them to get a better grasp of markup before I moved into more advanced topics like accessibility and microformat markup. We need to get started up quickly. Do you think it's okay to dive into LESS from the get-go?

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  • Web optimization

    - by hmloo
    1. CSS Optimization Organize your CSS code Good CSS organization helps with future maintainability of the site, it helps you and your team member understand the CSS more quickly and jump to specific styles. Structure CSS code For small project, you can break your CSS code in separate blocks according to the structure of the page or page content. for example you can break your CSS document according the content of your web page(e.g. Header, Main Content, Footer) Structure CSS file For large project, you may feel having too much CSS code in one place, so it's the best to structure your CSS into more CSS files, and use a master style sheet to import these style sheets. this solution can not only organize style structure, but also reduce server request./*--------------Master style sheet--------------*/ @import "Reset.css"; @import "Structure.css"; @import "Typography.css"; @import "Forms.css"; Create index for your CSS Another important thing is to create index at the beginning of your CSS file, index can help you quickly understand the whole CSS structure./*---------------------------------------- 1. Header 2. Navigation 3. Main Content 4. Sidebar 5. Footer ------------------------------------------*/ Writing efficient CSS selectors keep in mind that browsers match CSS selectors from right to left and the order of efficiency for selectors 1. id (#myid) 2. class (.myclass) 3. tag (div, h1, p) 4. adjacent sibling (h1 + p) 5. child (ul > li) 6. descendent (li a) 7. universal (*) 8. attribute (a[rel="external"]) 9. pseudo-class and pseudo element (a:hover, li:first) the rightmost selector is called "key selector", so when you write your CSS code, you should choose more efficient key selector. Here are some best practice: Don't tag-qualify Never do this:div#myid div.myclass .myclass#myid IDs are unique, classes are more unique than a tag so they don't need a tag. Doing so makes the selector less efficient. Avoid overqualifying selectors for example#nav a is more efficient thanul#nav li a Don't repeat declarationExample: body {font-size:12px;}h1 {font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;} since h1 is already inherited from body, so you don't need to repeate atrribute. Using 0 instead of 0px Always using #selector { margin: 0; } There’s no need to include the px after 0, removing all those superfluous px can reduce the size of your CSS file. Group declaration Example: h1 { font-size: 16pt; } h1 { color: #fff; } h1 { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } it’s much better to combine them:h1 { font-size: 16pt; color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } Group selectorsExample: h1 { color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } h2 { color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } it would be much better if setup as:h1, h2 { color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } Group attributeExample: h1 { color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } h2 { color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; } you can set different rules for specific elements after setting a rule for a grouph1, h2 { color: #fff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } h2 { font-size: 16pt; } Using Shorthand PropertiesExample: #selector { margin-top: 8px; margin-right: 4px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 4px; }Better: #selector { margin: 8px 4px 8px 4px; }Best: #selector { margin: 8px 4px; } a good diagram illustrated how shorthand declarations are interpreted depending on how many values are specified for margin and padding property. instead of using:#selector { background-image: url(”logo.png”); background-position: top left; background-repeat: no-repeat; } is used:#selector { background: url(logo.png) no-repeat top left; } 2. Image Optimization Image Optimizer Image Optimizer is a free Visual Studio2010 extension that optimizes PNG, GIF and JPG file sizes without quality loss. It uses SmushIt and PunyPNG for the optimization. Just right click on any folder or images in Solution Explorer and choose optimize images, then it will automatically optimize all PNG, GIF and JPEG files in that folder. CSS Image Sprites CSS Image Sprites are a way to combine a collection of images to a single image, then use CSS background-position property to shift the visible area to show the required image, many images can take a long time to load and generates multiple server requests, so Image Sprite can reduce the number of server requests and improve site performance. You can use many online tools to generate your image sprite and CSS, and you can also try the Sprite and Image Optimization framework released by The ASP.NET team.

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  • CSS&ndash;margin or padding

    - by woodbase
    I was beginning the implementation of a new design, and once again I found that my margin property on a div-tag, did not behave as I expected. So I decided to look for best practice when it comes to using margin or padding. What I found was this very short and concise description of the difference between the two: “Margin is on the outside of block elements while padding is on the inside. Use margin to separate the block from things outside it, padding to move the contents away from the edges of the block.” So what is best practice? Well it depends on the context. In my case I should have used padding…

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  • Is CSS Inheritance in Internet Explorer 8 still buggy?

    - by rrrr
    I have a situation that I am looking at where certain CSS properties will not be inherited. This revolves around tables and IE8. Using the sample HTML below I cannot get the text within the table to inherit the green colour. This works in Firefox and Chrome, but not IE8 and from reading up this seems to have always been a problem in IE but was meant to be working in version 8 from what I read. I have tried to specify the inherit value everywhere possible, but to no avail so the question is whether the CSS inheritance support in IE8 is buggy, or am I missing something? I don't want answer changing inline CSS to be classes and I certainly dont wan't any comments on tables as this all stems from building and designing HTML emails where inline CSS and tables are essential. <html> <head></head> <body> <table style="color: green;"> <tr> <td> <span>Span</span> <p>Paragraph</p> <div>Div</div> <table style="color:inherit;"> <tr> <td>Table</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

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  • What is your workflow when designing HTML/CSS layouts?

    - by DMin
    I have been working with PHP/MySQL as a hobby for close to a couple of years now, I have been working with photoshop for a very long time, I know CSS & HTML well enough to write without any reference, so, I would not consider myself someone who's very new at this. I have recently started developing websites professionally - (only person working on the project). I have seen the power of Joomla and how you can make a website ready for your customer in a matter of hours(if not minutes). I find it very hard to make layouts that remotely look like the themes on joomla. I find making even simple layouts a very cumbersome process and takes a lot of time to get a good enough output. I have a feeling I may not be using the right tools or workflow for the job. What I wanted to findout was, as part of the industry : How do, you, make your website when you do it from scratch? What are the tools that you use? What is your workflow? Just noted a few things I know already, for your reference(You can skip this if you like) I have seen the export for web for Photoshop that exports CSS - but (as far as I know) exports only absolutely positioned webpages so they need to be beaten and fixed if you want to use them for example for joomla. I have used the SiteGrinder plugin for Photoshop that exports HTML/CSS. It looks promising but haven't tried it extensively. One of the tools that save loads of time is FireBug. This makes it easy to edit html and css on the fly and get the page looking exactly as you want it. Recently stumbled upon fireworks. But haven't explored it much. Thanks! :)

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  • How do I get the element after my horizontal css navigation bar to appear below it?

    - by Curyous
    I'm using a css unordered list to make a site navigation bar, using display: inline, display: block, and float: left. The next element that I put after the navigation bar is placed to the right of it. How can I align the next element so that it is displayed below? The html: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd"> <html> <head> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/stylesheets/test.css" /> </head> <body> <div> <ul class="nav"> <li class="nav"><a class="nav" href="#">One1</a></li> <li class="nav"><a class="nav" href="#">Two</a></li> <li class="nav"><a class="nav" href="#">Three</a></li> <li class="nav"><a class="nav" href="#">Four</a></li> </ul> </div> <div><h2>Heading</h2></div> </body> </html> The css: ul.nav, ul li.nav { display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } ul.nav { list-style-type: none; } li.nav { display: block; float: left; background-color: red; } a.nav { background-color: green; padding: 10px; margin: 0px; } a:hover.nav { background-color: gray; }

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