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• scalability with nginx, passenger, ruby on rails setup

  - by Dani Cela

  Hey guys I had a question regarding scalability for my RoR application. We have been optimizing our application over the last few days and after running blitz.io, notice that our application times out after maybe 1000 hits in 30 seconds we experienced massive timeouts. In the 1 minute test apparently 74% of users would have timed out. Look at the performance of my website: http://blitz.io/report/1c8eb2f395a5eadeabd62fd831ada9e5 Not saying that our website will in any way experience this now, but I wish to design the infrastructure to handle this. What is normally done in this situation? Currently we have one web server and one database server. Would load balancing be the route to go?

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• loadbalancing with difference nginx location context and backend server context

  - by robinmag

  Hi, I used nginx and upstream module for load balancing with the following config upstream lb { server 127.0.0.1:8080; server 127.0.0.1:8081; } server { listen 88; server_name localhost; location /cas/ { proxy_pass http://lb; proxy_redirect off; proxy_connect_timeout 2; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } the problem is the "location /context/" have to match to the context of backend server so when i request localhost/context/index.html then nginx routes it to 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html or 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html. Is it possible to have difference backend context and nginx location for example with "location /" nginx will routes the request to 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html or 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html Thank you.

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• loadbalancing with difference nginx location context and backend context

  - by robinmag

  Hi, I used nginx and upstream module for load balancing with the following config upstream lb { server 127.0.0.1:8080; server 127.0.0.1:8081; } server { listen 88; server_name localhost; location /cas/ { proxy_pass http://lb; proxy_redirect off; proxy_connect_timeout 2; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } the problem is the "location /context/" have to match to the context of backend server so when i request localhost/context/index.html then nginx routes it to 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html or 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html. Is it possible to have difference backend context and nginx location for example with "location /" nginx will routes the request to 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html or 127.0.0.1:8080/context/index.html Thank you.

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• Looking for the best ec2 setup for 3 sites totaling in 1.5 mil in traffic monthly

  - by john h.

  I am looking to consolidate our current aws setup of 2 Large ubuntu ec2 servers and 2 large RDS server for our 3 websites that have a total of about 1.5 million hits a month and increasing every month with the majority of traffic (1 mil) to one forum site in the group and the rest of traffic to an ecommerce site and a small wordpress site. So here is my question/thought? Would it be better for us to combine the two ec2 large servers to just one and same with the 2 RDS servers so we run all three sites off one large ec2 and one RDS. -or- Should we setup maybe 2-3 smaller ec2 servers load balenced and a single RDS. -or- Something completely different setup? One concern is that if one site crashes it takes with it the others. It happened in the past but I am pretty sure its because of the forum software and not the server setup. -john

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• Good Books About Scaling Up Databases/Servers/etc.?

  - by Mehrdad

  I've applied for an internship at a startup company that expects its user base to grow by a large factor in a small amount of time, and so part of their project is to scale everything up so that they're ready: handling more/larger requests efficiently, handling server failures, load balancing, getting more JavaScript to run faster on the client computers, etc. Part of my job will also be figuring out what to do, so it's not obvious what my exact task will be at the moment. I was told that I should start reading up a little more about this so that I would have a little bit of an idea of what to do. What are some good books for me to read on this topic? I have a little bit of experience with the usage of MySQL (and also a little experience with web development), but in no way do I claim any knowledge on the internal workings of databases or distributed systems, so I might need readings more on the introductory side.

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• Can I use nginx to start EC2 instances on demand?

  - by Gabe Hollombe

  TL;DR - Is there a way to make nginx act as an elastic load balancer that will spin up EC2 instances on demand, allowing for the case when periods of no demand mean no instances will be running? Longer explanation - I have an nginx server that proxy_pass'es requests to a server on EC2. This server doesn't get many requests, so I'd like to keep the server spun down during periods of inactivity (I already have a script to do this). Then, when the instance is spun down and nginx gets a request for that instance, it will time out when trying to get a response from it. At this point, can I somehow trigger a shell command on the server to use EC2's command line tools to spin up the instance, then re-try the user's request after it has started?

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• Loadbalance UDP traffic with session affinity and way to take servers in & out of rotation

  - by William

  What is the best way to go about load balancing UDP traffic among a whole bunch of servers, while keeping session affinity based on the users' IP? I need to also be able to take servers in and out of rotation for new clients, so when they join for the first time, they get put on a server in a list of available servers, and clients already connected would stay connected to their specific server. I have written the software to maintain a list, but I can't seem to find anything that would perform this functionality. If you need the context, this is to facilitate game tournaments for Minecraft: Pocket Edition, which is done with UDP traffic, I cannot change the protocol. And, because tournaments open and close, I need to be able to place players on their proper servers. Performance is also a priority, I have a program to do this but it is very bloated and slow. Thanks for any help! William

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• LVS TCP connection timeouts - lingering connections

  - by Jon Topper

  I'm using keepalived to load-balance connections between a number of TCP servers. I don't expect it matters, but the service in this case is rabbitmq. I'm using NAT type balancing with weighted round-robin. A client connects to the server thus: [client]-----------[lvs]------------[real server] a b If a client connects to the LVS and remains idle, sending nothing on the socket, this eventually times out, according to timeouts set using ipvsadm --set. At this point, the connection marked 'a' above correctly disappears from the output of netstat -anp on the client, and from the output of ipvsadm -L -n -c on the lvs box. Connection 'b', however, remains ESTABLISHED according to netstat -anp on the real server box. Why is this? Can I force lvs to properly reset the connection to the real server?

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• Round-Robin DNS in mobile networks

  - by k7k0

  After reading load distribution alternatives and giving my limited skills on the area I'm biased toward round-robin DNS strategy. From what I understood, one key aspect of DNS Round-Robin is setting a low TTL value, avoiding caching. My main concern is that all my traffic comes from mobile networks, almost 30% of that comes from t-mobile 3G. Some questions: 1) Is there a chance that almost all clients on the same mobile network will be redirected to the same IP in the TTL frame? That would kill the distribution technique. 2) If I choose a really low TTL (zero or one). That impacts directly over client performance? It does a DNS miss every time or it's a setting that only impacts on DNS servers? Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks

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• Existing connexion on Apache and mod_proxy_balancer don't fail over second JBoss node

  - by Jean-Rémy Revy

  I have a Jboss farm, load balanced by Apache HTTP + mod_proxy_balancer and mod_proxy_ajp, with the following configuration : <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName web-gui-acceptance.myorg.com ServerAlias web-gui-acceptance ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass /web-gui balancer://jbosscluster/web-gui stickysession=JSESSIONID nofailover=On ProxyPassReverse /web-gui http://srvlnx01.myorg.com:8080/web-gui ProxyPassReverse /web-gui http://srvlnx02.myorg.com:8080/web-gui <Proxy *> AuthType Kerberos [...] </Proxy> <Proxy balancer://jbosscluster> BalancerMember ajp://srvlnx01.myorg.com:8009 route=SRVLNX01_node1 BalancerMember ajp://srvlnx01.myorg.com:8009 route=SRVLNX02_node1 ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests </Proxy> </VirtualHost> When the first JBoss node fail (the hosting VM is down), my existing connexions don't fail over the second node ... the fist route is keeped (in table / .shm ?) and that provide me 503 errors. Can someone tell me what I missed ?

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• How to limit disk performance?

  - by DrakeES

  I am load-testing a web application and studying the impact of some config tweaks (related to disk i/o) on the overall app performance, i.e. the amount of users that can be handled simultaneously. But the problem is that I hit 100% CPU before I can see any effect of the disk-related config settings. I am therefore wondering if there is a way I could deliberately limit the disk performance so that it becomes the bottleneck and the tweaks I am trying to play with actually start impacting performance. Should I just make the hard disk busy with something else? What would serve the best for this purpose? More details (probably irrelevant, but anyway): PHP/Magento/Apache, studying the impact of apc.stat. Setting it to 0 makes APC not checking PHP scripts for modification which should increase performance where disk is the bottleneck. Using JMeter for benchmarking.

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• How to optimize mysql databse for serving 1000s of requests at a time ?

  - by Bilal

  How to optimize mysql databse for serving 1000s of requests at a time ? for a site like: linksnappy.com Is it possible to configure 2 seperate mysql servers into one load balancing server? like if one of them is overloaded switch to the next one ? same question for the http requests handling server. Another question : what kind of server do I need to server 1000s of requests at a time ? (http server) you can see the kind of site Im talking about is a download site. the server just dies when we have too many download requests. we currently have intel xeon quad core 2.4ghz with 4gb of ram.

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• Drbd Primary/Primary + iSCSI: accessing to different files avoids split brain?

  - by Eddie C.

  I have a question / curiosity about split-brain on a Drbd Primary/Primary configuration. Supposing two nodes (hosts), host1 and host2 configured with Drbd Primary/Primary and two different shares (NFS, CIFS o iSCSI) of a replicated area (saying /drbd) /drbd/file1.data /drbd/file2.data If a pool of client would access only by host1 share reading and wrinting only file1.data and another pool only by host2 share to file2.data, this scenario should avoid split brain situation in case of one node failure or it's just a conjecture? The final purpose is load balance between the two nodes in normal condition and collapsing to one node only in case of failure. Thank you! Eddie

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• How can I making Twitter, Facebook and Reddit share buttons load last?

  - by Daniel Bingham

  I have a website with a number of pages that sport twitter, facebook and reddit share buttons. They take forever to load and until they do the rest of the page doesn't load. So how I can make them load last? Currently, they are loaded something like this: <div class="item"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="vertical" data-via="FridgeToFood" data-related="danielBingham:Recipe and update tweets from Fridge to Food.">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div class="item"><script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like layout="box_count" width="40"></fb:like></div> <div class="item"> <script type="text/javascript">reddit_target='recipes';</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://reddit.com/static/button/button2.js"></script> </div> They are in a div called "shareWrapper" and are loading to one side of the page. The buttons load where ever the script code is placed. As far as I know, I can't place the script code at the bottom of the page and move the resulting buttons after the fact. I want them to appear near the top, which right now means they are stopping everything below them from loading for several seconds. I tried loading them using javascript, but using JQuery's $(document).ready(), but that failed. It seems to leave the page in some sort of loading loop from which it never emerges. Are there other ways to get these to load last?

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• NginX : Route user request to backend

  - by xperator

  The goal is to have NginX webserver act as a very basic & simple load balancer/fail-over. But instead of fetching static files from backend and serving it to user, I just want to route/redirect user request to one of the back end servers. upstream backend { server server1.example.com:80; server server2.example.com:80; server server3.example.com:80; } location / { proxy_pass http://backend; } Instead of : User request (example.com/test.file) NginX LB Backend NginX LB User I want to have : User request (example.com/test.file) NginX LB Backend User Is this even possible with NginX ? If not then How can I achieve this goal. UPDATE 1: Is there a way to use rewrite directive with backend upstream ? UPDATE 2: It's not really necessary to use NginX. I just want to have a direct reply from backend to user.

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• Web Farm Framework - Missing IIS features

  - by Buginator

  I'm trying to install a web farm using Microsoft's Web Farm Framework 2.2. The server is Windows 2008 R2 with IIS 7.5. I followed a tutorial. Installed WFF from Web Platform Installer. However, I'm missing some key features in the "Server Farm" panel in IIS. This is how my setup looks like However, just like in the tutorial, I want it like this How can I enable ALL the things, like Load Balancer, Health Test, Server Affinity etc? Thanks. The tutorial I used was this: weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/09/08/introducing-the-microsoft-web-farm-framework.aspx

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• SSL Certificates, two-way authentication and loadbalancers

  - by 5arx

  We're looking to implement two-way authentication with client certificates for a privileged subset of our application users. The idea will be that if a certificate is detected the user will be asked for an additional password/PIN and that will be used to verify the certificate and user. Ordinary users will continue to authenticate themselves via the standard login mechanism. Our production environment (hosted by a well-known company) comprises load-balanced application servers and I'm unclear as to how this set-up will handle the certificates and I'm not certain if there are any pitfalls I should be aware of. I would very appreciate some thoughts, comments or real-world advice on the subject.

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• Obtaining the correct Client IP address when a Physical Load Balancer and a Web Server Configured With Proxy Plug-in Are Between The Client And Weblogic

  - by adejuanc

  Some Load Balancers like Big-IP have build in interoperability with Weblogic Cluster, this means they know how Weblogic understand a header named 'WL-Proxy-Client-IP' to identify the original client ip.The problem comes when you have a Web Server configured with weblogic plug-in between the Load Balancer and the back-end weblogic servers - WL-Proxy-Client-IP this is not designed to go to Web server proxy plug-in. The plug-in will not use a WL-Proxy-Client-IP header that came in from the previous hop (which is this case is the Physical Load Balancer but could be anything), in order to prevent IP spoofing, therefore the plug-in won't pass on what Load Balancer has set for it.So unfortunately under this Architecture the header will be useless. To get the client IP from Weblogic you need to configure extended log format and create a custom field that gets the appropriate header containing the IP of the client.On WLS versions prior to 10.3.3 use these instructions:You can also create user-defined fields for inclusion in an HTTP access log file that uses the extended log format. To create a custom field you identify the field in the ELF log file using the Fields directive and then you create a matching Java class that generates the desired output. You can create a separate Java class for each field, or the Java class can output multiple fields. For a sample of the Java source for such a class, seeJava Class for Creating a Custom ELF Field to import weblogic.servlet.logging.CustomELFLogger;import weblogic.servlet.logging.FormatStringBuffer;import weblogic.servlet.logging.HttpAccountingInfo;/* This example outputs the X-Forwarded-For field into a custom field called MyOriginalClientIPField */public class MyOriginalClientIPField implements CustomELFLogger{ public void logField(HttpAccountingInfo metrics,  FormatStringBuffer buff) {   buff.appendValueOrDash(metrics.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");  }}In this case we are using 'X-Forwarded-For' but it could be changed for the header that contains the data you need to use.Compile the class, jar it, and prepend it to the classpath.In order to compile and package the class: 1. Navigate to <WLS_HOME>/user_projects/domains/<SOME_DOMAIN>/bin2. Set up an environment by executing: $ . ./setDomainEnv.sh This will include weblogic.jar into classpath, in order to use any of the libraries included under package weblogic.*3. Compile the class by copying the content of the code above and naming the file as:MyOriginalClientIPField.java4. Run javac to compile the class.$javac MyOriginalClientIPField.java5. Package the compiled class into a jar file by executing:$jar cvf0 MyOriginalClientIPField.jar MyOriginalClientIPField.classExpected output is:added manifestadding: MyOriginalClientIPField.class(in = 711) (out= 711)(stored 0%)6. This will produce a file called:MyOriginalClientIPField.jar This way you will be able to get the real client IP when the request is passing through a Load Balancer and a Web server before reaching WLS. Since 10.3.3 it is possible to configure a specific header that WLS will check when getRemoteAddr is called. That can be set on the WebServer Mbean. In this case, set that to be X-Forwarded-For header coming from Load Balancer as well.

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• SSL certs or intermediate for DMZ

  - by rex

  I've been tasked with deploying and managing load balancers covering internal servers and DMZ servers. I have no experience with this, and this is a first for my organization as well. Balancers are up, running, legit. Currently we are using a self-signed cert for Exchange/OWA. I know that we should have a cert signed by a CA, but the balancer has options for SSL cert or intermediate cert, and I'm unclear on the difference, or on which we need. We will be hosting Lync, Exchange and some custom apps in the DMZ. disclaimer: Apologies up front, I'm desktop support. I recently passed my Net+. It seems that has made me the network engineer in this organization.

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• 250k connections for comet with node.js

  - by Nenad

  How to implement node.js to be able to handle 250k connections as comet server (client side we use socket.io)? Would the use of nginx as proxy/loadbalancer be the right solution? Or will HA-Proxy be the better way? Has anyone real world experience with 100k+ connections and can share his setup? Would a setup like this be the right one (Quad core CPU per server - start 4 Instances of node.js per Server?): nginx (as proxy / load balancing server) / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ node server #1 node server #2 node server #3 4 instances 4 instances 4 instances

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• Upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10, getting "W:Failed to fetch gzip..."

  - by Michael Durrant

  Error during update A problem occurred during the update. This is usually some sort of network problem, please check your network connection and retry. W:Failed to fetch gzip:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_oneiric_universe_i18n_Translation-en Encountered a section with no Package: header , E:Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead. I can browse web sites normally during this time though (my network is ok).

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• How can I determine Breaking point of my Web application using JMeter?

  - by Gopu Alakrishna

  How can I determine Breaking point of my Web application using JMeter? I have executed the JMeter Testplan with different concurrent users load. EX. 300 users(0% error), 400 users(7% error in a sample, 5% error in another sample), 500 users(more than 10% error in 4 out of 6 samples). At What value of % Error, I can say system reached the Breaking point.I used concurrent users 300, 400, 500 in a PHP website. Should I consider any other parameter to determine breaking point. How many maximum concurrent users my application can support?

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• Apache stops serving requests when connections increase

  - by Gunjan

  The values for MaxClients, ServerLimit etc parameters are quite high (4000). Available RAM on the server is high too (~8G). Load average remains below 1 on a 24 core CPU. But when the number of visitors on the website increase apache just stops serving requests. The apache error log is blank and access log shows no more requests coming in. Restarting apache makes it work again until the number of requests increases again. Any ideas where to start looking? UPDATE Getting the below errors in apache error log on running it with LogLevel Debug [info] server seems busy, (you may need to increase StartServers, or Min/MaxSpareServers), spawning 32 children, there are 479 idle, and 1027 total children

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• Do HTTP reverse proxies typically enable HTTP Keep-Alive on the client side of the proxied connection and not on the server side?

  - by LostInComputer

  HAProxy has the ability to enable HTTP keep-alive on the client side (client <- HAProxy) but disable it on the server side (HAProxy <- server). Some of our clients connect to our web service via satellite so the latency is ~600ms and I think that by enabling keep-alive, it will speed things up a bit. Am I right? Is this supported by Nginx? Is this a widely implemented feature in other software and hardware load balancers? What else besides HAProxy?

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• 502 errors with apache mod_proxy hot standby (or equivalent)

  - by 6million

  Anyone knows how to configure the hot standby (+H) mod_proxy feature so that the takeover occurs immediately (without even one user receiving a 502) error during a shutdown? We aren't looking for real load-balancing, we just want a secondary server to take over while we shutdown the primary. The problem is that whenever the primary goes down, I'm able to slip one invalid request resulting in a 502 HTTP error reaching the end user,before the secondary actually takes over. Listen 80 <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerName domain.com ProxyPass / balancer://balance/ <Proxy balancer://balance/> BalancerMember http://primary_ip:80 BalancerMember http://secondary_ip:80 status=+H </Proxy> </VirtualHost>

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