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  • Storing n-grams in database in < n number of tables.

    - by kurige
    If I was writing a piece of software that attempted to predict what word a user was going to type next using the two previous words the user had typed, I would create two tables. Like so: == 1-gram table == Token | NextWord | Frequency ------+----------+----------- "I" | "like" | 15 "I" | "hate" | 20 == 2-gram table == Token | NextWord | Frequency ---------+------------+----------- "I like" | "apples" | 8 "I like" | "tomatoes" | 12 "I hate" | "tomatoes" | 20 "I hate" | "apples" | 2 Following this example implimentation the user types "I" and the software, using the above database, predicts that the next word the user is going to type is "hate". If the user does type "hate" then the software will then predict that the next word the user is going to type is "tomatoes". However, this implimentation would require a table for each additional n-gram that I choose to take into account. If I decided that I wanted to take the 5 or 6 preceding words into account when predicting the next word, then I would need 5-6 tables, and an exponentially increase in space per n-gram. What would be the best way to represent this in only one or two tables, that has no upper-limit on the number of n-grams I can support?

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  • Representing complex scheduled reoccurance in a database

    - by David Pfeffer
    I have the interesting problem of representing complex schedule data in a database. As a guideline, I need to be able to represent the entirety of what the iCalendar -- ics -- format can represent, but in a database. I'm not actually implementing anything relating to ics, but it gives a good scope of the type of rules I need to be able to model. I need to allow allow representation of a single event or a reoccurring event based on multiple times per day, days of the week, week of a month, month, year, or some combination of those. For example, the third Thursday in November annually, or the 25th of December annually, or every two weeks starting November 2 and continuing until September 8 the following year. I don't care about insertion efficiency but query efficiency is critical. The operation I will be doing most often is providing either a single date/time or a date/time range, and trying to determine if the defined schedule matches any part of the date/time range. Other operations can be slower. For example, given January 15, 2010 at 10:00 AM through January 15, 2010 at 11:00 AM, find all schedules that match at least part of that time. (i.e. a schedule that covers 10:30 - 11:00 still matches.) Any suggestions? I looked at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1016170/how-would-one-represent-scheduled-events-in-an-rdbms but it doesn't cover the scope of the type of reoccurance rules I'd like to model.

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  • Using inheritance and polymorphism to solve a common game problem

    - by Barry Brown
    I have two classes; let's call them Ogre and Wizard. (All fields are public to make the example easier to type in.) public class Ogre { int weight; int height; int axeLength; } public class Wizard { int age; int IQ; int height; } In each class I can create a method called, say, battle() that will determine who will win if an Ogre meets and Ogre or a Wizard meets a Wizard. Here's an example. If an Ogre meets an Ogre, the heavier one wins. But if the weight is the same, the one with the longer axe wins. public Ogre battle(Ogre o) { if (this.height > o.height) return this; else if (this.height < o.height) return o; else if (this.axeLength > o.axeLength) return this; else if (this.axeLength < o.axeLength) return o; else return this; // default case } We can make a similar method for Wizards. But what if a Wizard meets an Ogre? We could of course make a method for that, comparing, say, just the heights. public Wizard battle(Ogre o) { if (this.height > o.height) return this; else if (this.height < o.height) return o; else return this; } And we'd make a similar one for Ogres that meet Wizard. But things get out of hand if we have to add more character types to the program. This is where I get stuck. One obvious solution is to create a Character class with the common traits. Ogre and Wizard inherit from the Character and extend it to include the other traits that define each one. public class Character { int height; public Character battle(Character c) { if (this.height > c.height) return this; else if (this.height < c.height) return c; else return this; } } Is there a better way to organize the classes? I've looked at the strategy pattern and the mediator pattern, but I'm not sure how either of them (if any) could help here. My goal is to reach some kind of common battle method, so that if an Ogre meets an Ogre it uses the Ogre-vs-Ogre battle, but if an Ogre meets a Wizard, it uses a more generic one. Further, what if the characters that meet share no common traits? How can we decide who wins a battle?

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  • Is there a way to restrict access to a public method to only a specific class in C#?

    - by Anon
    I have a class A with a public method in C#. I want to allow access to this method to only class B. Is this possible? UPDATE: This is what i'd like to do: public class Category { public int NumberOfInactiveProducts {get;} public IList<Product> Products {get;set;} public void ProcessInactiveProduct() { // do things... NumberOfInactiveProducts++; } } public class Product { public bool Inactive {get;} public Category Category {get;set;} public void SetInactive() { this.Inactive= true; Category.ProcessInactiveProduct(); } } I'd like other programmers to do: var prod = Repository.Get<Product>(id); prod.SetInactive(); I'd like to make sure they don't call ProcessInactiveProduct manually: var prod = Repository.Get<Product>(id); prod.SetInactive(); prod.Category.ProcessInactiveProduct(); I want to allow access of Category.ProcessInactiveProduct to only class Product. Other classes shouldn't be able to call Category.ProcessInactiveProduct.

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  • Javascript new object (function ) vs inline invocation

    - by Sheldon Ross
    Is there any considerations to determine which is better practice for creating an object with private members? var object = new function () { var private = "private variable"; return { method : function () { ..dosomething with private; } } } VS var object = function () { ... }(); Basically what is the difference between using NEW here, and just invoking the function immediately after we define it?

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  • Interface vs Abstract Class (general OO)

    - by Kave
    Hi, I have had recently two telephone interviews where I've been asked about the differences between an Interface and an Abstract class. I have explained every aspect of them I could think of, but it seems they are waiting for me to mention something specific, and I dont know what it is. From my experience I think the following is true, if i am missing a major point please let me know: Interface: Every single Method declared in an Interface will have to be implemented in the subclass. Only Events, Delegates, Properties (C#) and Methods can exist in a Interface. A class can implement multiple Interfaces. Abstract Class Only Abstract methods have to be implemented by the subclass. An Abstract class can have normal methods with implementations. Abstract class can also have class variables beside Events, Delegates, Properties and Methods. A class can only implement one abstract class only due non-existence of Multi-inheritance in C#. 1) After all that the interviewer came up with the question What if you had an Abstract class with only abstract methods, how would that be different from an interface? I didnt know the answer but I think its the inheritance as mentioned above right? 2) An another interviewer asked me what if you had a Public variable inside the interface, how would that be different than in Abstract Class? I insisted you can't have a public variable inside an interface. I didn't know what he wanted to hear but he wasn't satisfied either. Many Thanks for clarification, Kave See Also: When to use an interface instead of an abstract class and vice versa Interfaces vs. Abstract Classes How do you decide between using an Abstract Class and an Interface?

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  • Core Data: Deleting causes 'NSObjectInaccessibleException' from NSOperation with a reference to a deleted object

    - by Bryan Irace
    My application has NSOperation subclasses that fetch and operate on managed objects. My application also periodically purges rows from the database, which can result in the following race condition: An background operation fetches a bunch of objects (from a thread-specific context). It will iterate over these objects and do something with their properties. A bunch of rows are deleted in the main managed object context. The background operation accesses a property on an object that was deleted from the main context. This results in an 'NSObjectInaccessibleException', reason: 'CoreData could not fulfill a fault' Ideally, the objects that are fetched by the NSOperation can be operated on even if one is deleted in the main context. The best way I can think to achieve this is either to: Call [request setReturnsObjectsAsFaults:NO] to ensure that Core Data won't try to fulfill a fault for an object that no longer exists in the main context. The problem here is I may need to access the object's relationships, which (to my understanding) will still be faulted. Iterate through the managed objects up front and copy the properties I will need into separate non-managed objects. The problem here is that (I think) I will need to synchronize/lock this part, in case an object is deleted in the main context before I can finish copying. Am I missing something obvious? It doesn't seem like what I'm trying to accomplish is too out of the ordinary. Thanks for your help.

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  • c# send recive object over network?

    - by Data-Base
    Hello, I'm working on a server/client project the client will be asking the server for info and the server will send them back to the client the info may be string,number, array, list, arraylist or any other object I found allot of examples but I faced issues!!!! the solution I found so far is to serialize the object (data) and send it then de-serialize it to process here is the server code public void RunServer(string SrvIP,int SrvPort) { try { var ipAd = IPAddress.Parse(SrvIP); /* Initializes the Listener */ if (ipAd != null) { var myList = new TcpListener(ipAd, SrvPort); /* Start Listeneting at the specified port */ myList.Start(); Console.WriteLine("The server is running at port "+SrvPort+"..."); Console.WriteLine("The local End point is :" + myList.LocalEndpoint); Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a connection....."); while (true) { Socket s = myList.AcceptSocket(); Console.WriteLine("Connection accepted from " + s.RemoteEndPoint); var b = new byte[100]; int k = s.Receive(b); Console.WriteLine("Recieved..."); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(b[i])); string cmd = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(b); if (cmd.Contains("CLOSE-CONNECTION")) break; var asen = new ASCIIEncoding(); // sending text s.Send(asen.GetBytes("The string was received by the server.")); // the line bove to be modified to send serialized object? Console.WriteLine("\nSent Acknowledgement"); s.Close(); Console.ReadLine(); } /* clean up */ myList.Stop(); } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Error..... " + e.StackTrace); } } here is the client code that should return an object public object runClient(string SrvIP, int SrvPort) { object obj = null; try { var tcpclnt = new TcpClient(); Console.WriteLine("Connecting....."); tcpclnt.Connect(SrvIP, SrvPort); // use the ipaddress as in the server program Console.WriteLine("Connected"); Console.Write("Enter the string to be transmitted : "); var str = Console.ReadLine(); Stream stm = tcpclnt.GetStream(); var asen = new ASCIIEncoding(); if (str != null) { var ba = asen.GetBytes(str); Console.WriteLine("Transmitting....."); stm.Write(ba, 0, ba.Length); } var bb = new byte[2000]; var k = stm.Read(bb, 0, bb.Length); string data = null; for (var i = 0; i < k; i++) Console.Write(Convert.ToChar(bb[i])); //convert to object code ?????? Console.ReadLine(); tcpclnt.Close(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Error..... " + e.StackTrace); } return obj; } I need to know a good serialize/serialize and how to integrate it into the solution above :-( I would be really thankful for any help cheers

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  • java question: Is it a method?

    - by Stefan
    Hello, I'm no Java guy, so I ask myself what this means: public Button(Light light) { this.light = light; } Is Button a method? I ask myself, because it takes an input parameter light. But if it was a method, why would it begin with a capital letter and has no return data type? Here comes the full example: public class Button { private Light light; public Button(Light light) { this.light = light; } public void press() { light.turnOn(); } } I know, this question is really trivial. However, I have nothing to do with Java and haven't found a description for the Button thing above. I'm just interested.

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  • Some basic UML questions

    - by devoured elysium
    What does it mean when you have something as the following picture? Each Customer has none, one or more Orders while each Order has only one Customer? And in relationship to the following one: What does the black diamond mean in this context? How is that black diamond called? Thanks

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  • object.jquery attribute

    - by Esteve Camps
    Hello, what does this code performs? if(object.jquery){ .... } I don't know what jQuery attribute does. I think it checks if 'object' is a valid jQuery object, but I'm not really sure. Thanks in advance. Esteve

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  • how to design a schema where the columns of a table are not fixed

    - by hIpPy
    I am trying to design a schema where the columns of a table are not fixed. Ex: I have an Employee table where the columns of the table are not fixed and vary (attributes of Employee are not fixed and vary). Nullable columns in the Employee table itself i.e. no normalization Instead of adding nullable columns, separate those columns out in their individual tables ex: if Address is a column to be added then create table Address[EmployeeId, AddressValue]. Create tables ExtensionColumnName [EmployeeId, ColumnName] and ExtensionColumnValue [EmployeeId, ColumnValue]. ExtensionColumnName would have ColumnName as "Address" and ExtensionColumnValue would have ColumnValue as address value. Employee table EmployeeId Name ExtensionColumnName table ColumnNameId EmployeeId ColumnName ExtensionColumnValue table EmployeeId ColumnNameId ColumnValue There is a drawback is the first two ways as the schema changes with every new attribute. Note that adding a new attribute is frequent. I am not sure if this is the good or bad design. If someone had a similar decision to make, please give an insight on things like foreign keys / data integrity, indexing, performance, reporting etc.

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  • How to manage data access / preloading efficiently using web services in C# ?

    - by Amadeus45
    Hello all, Ok, this is very "generic" question. We currently have a SQL Server database for which we need to develop an application in ASP.NET with will contain all the business logic in C# Web Services. The thing is that, architecturally speaking, I'm not sure how to design the web service and the data management. There are many things to consider : We need have very rapid access to data. Right now, we have over a million "sales" and "purchases" record from which we need to often calculate and load the current stock for a given day according to a serie of parameter. I'm not sure how we should preload the data and keep the data in the Web Service. Doing a stock calculation within a SQL query will be very lengthy. They currently have a stock calculation application that preloads all sales and purchases for the day and afterwards calculate the stock on the code-side. We want to develop powerful reporting tools. We want to implement a "pivot table" but not sure how to implement it and have good performances. For the reasons above, I'm not sure how to design the data model. Anybody can give me any guidelines on how to start, or from their personnal experiences (what have you done in the past ?) I'm not sure if it's possible to make a bounty even though the question is new (I'd put 300 rep on it, since I really need something). If you know how, let me know. Thanks

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  • Accessing a Class Member from a First-Class Function

    - by dbyrne
    I have a case class which takes a list of functions: case class A(q:Double, r:Double, s:Double, l:List[(Double)=>Double]) I have over 20 functions defined. Some of these functions have their own parameters, and some of them also use the q, r, and s values from the case class. Two examples are: def f1(w:Double) = (d:Double) => math.sin(d) * w def f2(w:Double, q:Double) = (d:Double) => d * q * w The problem is that I then need to reference q, r, and s twice when instantiating the case class: A(0.5, 1.0, 2.0, List(f1(3.0), f2(4.0, 0.5))) //0.5 is referenced twice I would like to be able to instantiate the class like this: A(0.5, 1.0, 2.0, List(f1(3.0), f2(4.0))) //f2 already knows about q! What is the best technique to accomplish this? Can I define my functions in a trait that the case class extends? EDIT: The real world application has 7 members, not 3. Only a small number of the functions need access to the members. Most of the functions don't care about them.

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  • Compiler doesn't find methods from base class

    - by Paul
    I am having a problem with my virtual methods in a derived class. Here are my (simplified) C++ classes. class Base virtual method accept( MyVisitor1* v ) { /*implementation is here*/ }; virtual method accept( MyVisitor2* v ) { /*implementation is here*/ }; virtual method accept( MyVisitor3* v ) { /*implementation is here*/ }; class DerivedClass virtual method accept( MyVisitor2* v ) { /*implementation is here*/ }; The following use causes VS 2005 to give: "error C2664: 'DerivedClass::accept' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'Visitor1*' to 'Visitor2 *'". DerivedClass c; MyVisitor1 v1; c.accept(v1); I was expecting the compiler to find and call Base::accept(MyVisitor1) for my DerivedClass as well. Obviously this is not working, but I don't understand why. Any ideas? Thanks, Paul

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  • window.setInterval from inside an object

    - by Keith Rousseau
    I'm currently having an issue where I have a javascript object that is trying to use setInterval to call a private function inside of itself. However, it can't find the object when I try to call it. I have a feeling that it's because window.setInterval is trying to call into the object from outside but doesn't have a reference to the object. FWIW - I can't get it to work with the function being public either. The basic requirement is that I may need to have multiple instances of this object to track multiple uploads that are occurring at once. If you have a better design than the current one or can get the current one working then I'm all ears. The following code is meant to continuously ping a web service to get the status of my file upload: var FileUploader = function(uploadKey) { var intervalId; var UpdateProgress = function() { $.get('someWebService', {}, function(json) { alert('success'); }); }; return { BeginTrackProgress: function() { intervalId = window.setInterval('UpdateProgress()', 1500); }, EndTrackProgress: function() { clearInterval(intervalId); } }; }; This is how it is being called: var fileUploader = new FileUploader('myFileKey'); fileUploader.BeginTrackProgress();

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  • Vertex Buffers in opengl

    - by JB
    I'm making a small 3d graphics game/demo for personal learning. I know d3d9 and quite a bit about d3d11 but little about opengl at the moment so I'm intending to abstract out the actual rendering of the graphics so that my scene graph and everything "above" it needs to know little about how to actually draw the graphics. I intend to make it work with d3d9 then add d3d11 support and finally opengl support. Just as a learning exercise to learn about 3d graphics and abstraction. I don't know much about opengl at this point though, and don't want my abstract interface to expose anything that isn't simple to implement in opengl. Specifically I'm looking at vertex buffers. In d3d they are essentially an array of structures, but looking at the opengl interface the equivalent seems to be vertex arrays. However these seem to be organised rather differently where you need a separate array for vertices, one for normals, one for texture coordinates etc and set the with glVertexPointer, glTexCoordPointer etc. I was hoping to be able to implement a VertexBuffer interface much like the the directx one but it looks like in d3d you have an array of structures and in opengl you need a separate array for each element which makes finding a common abstraction quite hard to make efficient. Is there any way to use opengl in a similar way to directx? Or any suggestions on how to come up with a higher level abstraction that will work efficiently with both systems?

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  • What's the best UML diagramming tool?

    - by eplawless
    I'm trying to choose a tool for creating UML diagrams of all flavours. Usability is a major criteria for me, but I'd still take more power with a steeper learning curve and be happy. Free (as in beer) would be nice, but I'd be willing to pay if the tool's worth it. What should I be using?

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  • Programming methods design phase assignment

    - by Shakir
    Hey, i have an assignment (NCC) which deals with the design phase. The Scenario is that you have four soccer divisions (divisions 1,2,3 and 4) which consist of 22 teams each and hence each team plays 42 games (home and away). The concept is similar to the barclays premier league whereby ranking is based on points or else goal difference or else goals scored by team. The difference is that the top 2 teams are promoted and the bottom 2 are relegated and this includes Div 1 and Div 4 as the top 2 of Div1 are promoted to the national league which is above division 1 regional league and bottom 2 of Div4 are relegated to the local league below Division 4 regional league. Hence there are 3 total leagues and 4 divisions in the regional league (which has 22 teams each). Now the referee has to add the result of the match and thus automatic tables have to be generated now, There are two reports League Tables for 4 divisions List of all results for any chosen team during the season by date it was played on There are a couple of things to be done... i know its gonna be terrible to make everything but atleast explain to me how i should go about drawing these and what things i should include (generally) Logical Data Structure Diagram (DSD) for each report Preliminary Program Structure (PSD) for each report Detailed Program Specification for each report Flowchart for each report There are other things but i think our teacher will give us clear "clues" for it Thanks a lot Update - Project so far: Data Structure Diagram Preliminary Program Structure

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  • Where do I put javaassist code?

    - by DutrowLLC
    I have an application running on google app engine. I'm using restlets and I have a couple of layers set up including the restlet layer, the model layer, the business layer, and the data layer. I'm attempting to use javaassist to modify some classes, but I'm unsure where to actually put the code. I tried to put the code in the static initialization block: public class Person { String firstName; String getFirstName(){return null;} static{ ClassPool pool = ClassPool.getDefault(); try { CtClass CtPerson = pool.get("Person"); CtMethod CtGetFirstName = CtPerson.getDeclaredMethod("GetFirstName"); CtGetFirstName.setBody("return firstName;"); CtPerson.toClass(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ...but that resulted in this error: javassist.CannotCompileException:.....attempted duplicate class definition...". I guess it makes sense that I can't edit the class file in the middle of its generation. I know the code works because I was able to run it correctly by simply putting it in a location that would run when I sent the program a command. (accessed a Restlet resource). The code ran fine if an instance of the class had not already been instantiated, however once I instantiated an instance of the affected class, the javaassist code failed. I assume I need to put this code somewhere that it will only run either: once after the program starts, directly before a class is instantiated for the first time, or even better, during compile time.

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