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  • "power limit notification" clobbering on 12G Dell servers with RHEL6

    - by Andrew B
    Server: Poweredge r620 OS: RHEL 6.4 Kernel: 2.6.32-358.18.1.el6.x86_64 I'm experiencing application alarms in my production environment. Critical CPU hungry processes are being starved of resources and causing a processing backlog. The problem is happening on all the 12th Generation Dell servers (r620s) in a recently deployed cluster. As near as I can tell, instances of this happening are matching up to peak CPU utilization, accompanied by massive amounts of "power limit notification" spam in dmesg. An excerpt of one of these events: Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU12: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU0: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU6: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU14: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU18: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU2: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU4: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU16: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU0: Package power limit notification (total events = 11) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU6: Package power limit notification (total events = 13) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU14: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU18: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU20: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU8: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU2: Package power limit notification (total events = 12) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU10: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU22: Core power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU4: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU16: Package power limit notification (total events = 13) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU20: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU8: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU10: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU22: Package power limit notification (total events = 14) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU15: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU3: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU1: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU5: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU17: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU13: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU15: Package power limit notification (total events = 375) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU3: Package power limit notification (total events = 374) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU1: Package power limit notification (total events = 376) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU5: Package power limit notification (total events = 376) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU7: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU19: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU17: Package power limit notification (total events = 377) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU9: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU21: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU23: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU11: Core power limit notification (total events = 369) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU13: Package power limit notification (total events = 376) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU7: Package power limit notification (total events = 375) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU19: Package power limit notification (total events = 375) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU9: Package power limit notification (total events = 374) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU21: Package power limit notification (total events = 375) Nov 7 10:15:15 someserver [.crit] CPU23: Package power limit notification (total events = 374) A little Google Fu reveals that this is typically associated with the CPU running hot, or voltage regulation kicking in. I don't think that's what is happening though. Temperature sensors for all servers in the cluster are running fine, Power Cap Policy is disabled in the iDRAC, and my System Profile is set to "Performance" on all of these servers: # omreport chassis biossetup | grep -A10 'System Profile' System Profile Settings ------------------------------------------ System Profile : Performance CPU Power Management : Maximum Performance Memory Frequency : Maximum Performance Turbo Boost : Enabled C1E : Disabled C States : Disabled Monitor/Mwait : Enabled Memory Patrol Scrub : Standard Memory Refresh Rate : 1x Memory Operating Voltage : Auto Collaborative CPU Performance Control : Disabled A Dell mailing list post describes the symptoms almost perfectly. Dell suggested that the author try using the Performance profile, but that didn't help. He ended up applying some settings in Dell's guide for configuring a server for low latency environments and one of those settings (or a combination thereof) seems to have fixed the problem. Kernel.org bug #36182 notes that power-limit interrupt debugging was enabled by default, which is causing performance degradation in scenarios where CPU voltage regulation is kicking in. A RHN KB article (RHN login required) mentions a problem impacting PE r620 and r720 servers not running the Performance profile, and recommends an update to a kernel released two weeks ago. ...Except we are running the Performance profile... Everything I can find online is running me in circles here. What's the heck is going on?

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  • Why is Postfix trying to connect to other machines SMTP port 25?

    - by TryTryAgain
    Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:25 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:30 relay postfix/smtp[3085]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:30 relay postfix/smtp[3086]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:30 relay postfix/smtp[3086]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3087]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.135]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3084]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused Jul 5 11:09:55 relay postfix/smtp[3088]: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused Is this a DNS thing, doubtful as I've changed from our local DNS to Google's..still Postfix will occasionally try and connect to ab.xyz.com from a variety of addresses that may or may not have port 25 open and act as mail servers to begin with. Why is Postfix attempting to connect to other machines as seen in the log? Mail is being sent properly, other than that, it appears all is good. Occasionally I'll also see: relay postfix/error[3090]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=32754, delays=32724/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.102]:25: Connection refused) I have Postfix setup with very little restrictions: mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8, 10.0.0.0/8 only. Like I said it appears all mail is getting passed through, but I hate seeing errors and it is confusing me as to why it would be attempting to connect to other machines as seen in the log. Some Output of cat /var/log/mail.log|grep 3F1AB42132 Jul 5 02:04:01 relay postfix/smtpd[1653]: 3F1AB42132: client=unknown[10.41.0.109] Jul 5 02:04:01 relay postfix/cleanup[1655]: 3F1AB42132: message-id= Jul 5 02:04:01 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:04:31 relay postfix/smtp[1634]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=30, delays=0.02/0/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.110]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 02:13:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:14:28 relay postfix/smtp[1681]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=628, delays=598/0.01/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.247]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 02:28:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:29:28 relay postfix/smtp[1684]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=1527, delays=1497/0/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.135]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 02:58:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 02:59:28 relay postfix/smtp[1739]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=3327, delays=3297/0/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out) Jul 5 03:58:58 relay postfix/qmgr[1588]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 03:59:28 relay postfix/smtp[1839]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=6928, delays=6897/0.03/30/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 04:11:03 relay postfix/qmgr[2039]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 04:11:33 relay postfix/error[2093]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=7653, delays=7622/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 05:21:03 relay postfix/qmgr[2039]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 05:21:33 relay postfix/error[2217]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=11853, delays=11822/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 06:29:25 relay postfix/qmgr[2420]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 06:29:55 relay postfix/error[2428]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=15954, delays=15924/30/0/0.08, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.41.0.101]:25: Connection refused) Jul 5 07:39:24 relay postfix/qmgr[2885]: 3F1AB42132: from=, size=3404, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 5 07:39:54 relay postfix/error[2936]: 3F1AB42132: to=, relay=none, delay=20153, delays=20123/30/0/0, dsn=4.4.1, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: connect to ab.xyz.com[10.40.40.130]:25: Connection timed out)

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  • Combining HBase and HDFS results in Exception in makeDirOnFileSystem

    - by utrecht
    Introduction An attempt to combine HBase and HDFS results in the following: 2014-06-09 00:15:14,777 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseFileSystem: Create Dir ectory, retries exhausted 2014-06-09 00:15:14,780 FATAL org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster: Unhandled exception. Starting shutdown. java.io.IOException: Exception in makeDirOnFileSystem at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseFileSystem.makeDirOnFileSystem(HBaseFile System.java:136) at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.MasterFileSystem.checkRootDir(MasterFi leSystem.java:428) at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.MasterFileSystem.createInitialFileSyst emLayout(MasterFileSystem.java:148) at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.MasterFileSystem.<init>(MasterFileSyst em.java:133) at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster.finishInitialization(HMaster.j ava:572) at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.HMaster.run(HMaster.java:432) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744) Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=hbase, access=WRITE, inode="/":vagrant:supergroup:drwxr-xr-x at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.check(FSPe rmissionChecker.java:224) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.check(FSPe rmissionChecker.java:204) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkPermi ssion(FSPermissionChecker.java:149) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkPermission(F SNamesystem.java:4891) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkPermission(F SNamesystem.java:4873) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkAncestorAcce ss(FSNamesystem.java:4847) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirsInternal(FS Namesystem.java:3192) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirsInt(FSNames ystem.java:3156) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesyst em.java:3137) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameN odeRpcServer.java:669) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTra nslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:419) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$Cl ientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java:4497 0) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.cal l(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:453) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:1002) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:1752) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:1748) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:422) at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInforma tion.java:1438) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:1746) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstruct orAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingC onstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException.instantiateException(RemoteExce ption.java:90) at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException.unwrapRemoteException(RemoteExc eption.java:57) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.primitiveMkdir(DFSClient.java:2153) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.mkdirs(DFSClient.java:2122) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirs(DistributedFileSy stem.java:545) at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem.mkdirs(FileSystem.java:1915) at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseFileSystem.makeDirOnFileSystem(HBaseFile System.java:129) ... 6 more while configuration and system settings are as follows: [vagrant@localhost hadoop-hdfs]$ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://localhost/ Found 1 items -rw-r--r-- 3 vagrant supergroup 1010827264 2014-06-08 19:01 hdfs://localhost/u buntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso [vagrant@localhost hadoop-hdfs]$ /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml <configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:8020</value> </property> </configuration> /etc/hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml <configuration> <property> <name>hbase.rootdir</name> <value>hdfs://localhost:8020/hbase</value> </property> <property> <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name> <value>true</value> </property> </configuration> /etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml <configuration> <property> <name>dfs.name.dir</name> <value>/var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/cache</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.data.dir</name> <value>/tmp/hellodatanode</value> </property> </configuration> NameNode directory permissions [vagrant@localhost hadoop-hdfs]$ ls -ltr /var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/cache total 8 -rwxrwxrwx. 1 hbase hdfs 15 Jun 8 23:43 in_use.lock drwxrwxrwx. 2 hbase hdfs 4096 Jun 8 23:43 current [vagrant@localhost hadoop-hdfs]$ HMaster is able to start if fs.defaultFS property has been commented in core-site.xml NameNode is listening [vagrant@localhost hadoop-hdfs]$ netstat -nato | grep 50070 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50070 0.0.0.0:* LIST EN off (0.00/0/0) tcp 0 0 33.33.33.33:50070 33.33.33.1:57493 ESTA BLISHED off (0.00/0/0) and accessible by navigating to http://33.33.33.33:50070/dfshealth.jsp. Question How to solve makeDirOnFileSystem exception and let HBase connect to HDFS?

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  • Linux software raid fails to include one device for one RAID1 array

    - by user1389890
    One of my four Linux software raid arrays drops one of its two devices when I reboot my system. The other three arrays work fine. I am running RAID1 on kernel version 2.6.32-5-amd64. Every time I reboot, /dev/md2 comes up with only one device. I can manually add the device by saying $ sudo mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sdc1. This works fine, and mdadm confirms that the device has been re-added as follows: mdadm: re-added /dev/sdc1 After adding the device and and allowing the array time to resynch, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Then after I reboot, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> During reboot, here is the output of $ sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep mdadm : Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: RebuildFinished event detected on md device /dev/md2 Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: SpareActive event detected on md device /dev/md2, component device /dev/sdc1 Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446412] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446415] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446782] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446785] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515844] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515847] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606829] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606832] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855616] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855620] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855950] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855952] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962169] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962171] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054365] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054368] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588662] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588664] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601990] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601991] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602693] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602695] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605981] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605983] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606138] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606139] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:48 rook mdadm[1737]: DegradedArray event detected on md device /dev/md2 Here is the mdadm.conf file: ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=0.90 UUID=92121d42:37f46b82:926983e9:7d8aad9b ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=0.90 UUID=9c1bafc3:1762d51d:c1ae3c29:66348110 ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=0.90 UUID=98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 ARRAY /dev/md3 metadata=1.2 name=rook:3 UUID=ca3fce37:95d49a09:badd0ddc:b63a4792 I also ran $ sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdc and no hardware issues were detected. As long as I do not reboot, /dev/md2 seems to work fine. Does anyone have any suggestions? Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 5fd6cc13 - correct Events : 180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 0 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md2 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Events : 0.180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1

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  • debian lenny xen bridge networking problem

    - by Sasha
    DomU isn't talking to the world, but it talks to Dom0. Here are the tests that I made: Dom0 (external networking is working): ping 188.40.96.238 #Which is Domu's ip PING 188.40.96.238 (188.40.96.238) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 188.40.96.238: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.092 ms DomU: ping 188.40.96.215 #Which is Dom0's ip PING 188.40.96.215 (188.40.96.215) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 188.40.96.215: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms ping 188.40.96.193 #Which is the gateway - fail PING 188.40.96.193 (188.40.96.193) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 188.40.96.193 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1013ms The system is debian lenny with a normal setup. Here is my configs: uname -a Linux green0 2.6.26-2-xen-686 #1 SMP Wed Aug 19 08:47:57 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux cat /etc/xen/green1.cfg |grep -v '#' kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.26-2-xen-686' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.26-2-xen-686' memory = '2000' root = '/dev/xvda2 ro' disk = [ 'file:/home/xen/domains/green1/swap.img,xvda1,w', 'file:/home/xen/domains/green1/disk.img,xvda2,w', ] name = 'green1' vif = [ 'ip=188.40.96.238,mac=00:16:3E:1F:C4:CC' ] on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:21:ef:2f:86 inet addr:188.40.96.215 Bcast:188.40.96.255 Mask:255.255.255.192 inet6 addr: fe80::224:21ff:feef:2f86/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2204 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:262717 (256.5 KiB) TX bytes:330465 (322.7 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) peth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:21:ef:2f:86 inet6 addr: fe80::224:21ff:feef:2f86/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3407 errors:0 dropped:657431448 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2291 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:319941 (312.4 KiB) TX bytes:338423 (330.4 KiB) Interrupt:16 Base address:0x8000 vif2.0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 addr: fe80::fcff:ffff:feff:ffff/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:151 errors:0 dropped:33 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:1164 (1.1 KiB) TX bytes:20974 (20.4 KiB) ip a s 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: peth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:24:21:ef:2f:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::224:21ff:feef:2f86/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: vif0.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 6: vif0.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 7: veth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 8: vif0.2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 9: veth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 10: vif0.3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 11: veth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 12: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/ether 00:24:21:ef:2f:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 188.40.96.215/26 brd 188.40.96.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::224:21ff:feef:2f86/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 14: vif2.0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 32 link/ether fe:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet6 fe80::fcff:ffff:feff:ffff/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever brctl show bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces eth0 8000.002421ef2f86 no peth0 vif2.0 ip r l Dom0: 188.40.96.192/26 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 188.40.96.215 default via 188.40.96.193 dev eth0 DomU: 188.40.96.192/26 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 188.40.96.238 default via 188.40.96.193 dev eth0

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  • Upon reboot, Linux software raid fails to include one device of a RAID1 array

    - by user1389890
    One of my four Linux software raid arrays drops one of its two devices when I reboot my system. The other three arrays work fine. I am running RAID1 on kernel version 2.6.32-5-amd64 (Debian Squeeze). Every time I reboot, /dev/md2 comes up with only one device. I can manually add the device by saying $ sudo mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sdc1. This works fine, and mdadm confirms that the device has been re-added as follows: mdadm: re-added /dev/sdc1 After adding the device and allowing the array time to resynch, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> Then after I reboot, this is what the output of $ cat /proc/mdstat looks like: Personalities : [raid1] md3 : active raid1 sda4[0] sdb4[1] 244186840 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sdd1[1] 732574464 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 722804416 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] 6835520 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> During reboot, here is the output of $ sudo cat /var/log/syslog | grep mdadm : Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: RebuildFinished event detected on md device /dev/md2 Jun 22 19:00:08 rook mdadm[1709]: SpareActive event detected on md device /dev/md2, component device /dev/sdc1 Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446412] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446415] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446782] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.446785] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515844] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.515847] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606829] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:00:20 rook kernel: [ 7819.606832] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855616] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855620] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855950] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:48 rook kernel: [ 8027.855952] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962169] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8027.962171] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054365] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:03:49 rook kernel: [ 8028.054368] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588662] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.588664] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601990] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.601991] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602693] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.602695] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605981] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.605983] mdadm: sending ioctl 1261 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606138] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:23 rook kernel: [ 9.606139] mdadm: sending ioctl 800c0910 to a partition! Jun 22 19:10:48 rook mdadm[1737]: DegradedArray event detected on md device /dev/md2 Here is the result of $ cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf: ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=0.90 UUID=92121d42:37f46b82:926983e9:7d8aad9b ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=0.90 UUID=9c1bafc3:1762d51d:c1ae3c29:66348110 ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=0.90 UUID=98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 ARRAY /dev/md3 metadata=1.2 name=rook:3 UUID=ca3fce37:95d49a09:badd0ddc:b63a4792 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sdc1 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 5fd6cc13 - correct Events : 180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 0 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 Here is the output of $ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md2 after re-adding the device and letting it resync: /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Sun Jul 13 08:05:55 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Used Dev Size : 732574464 (698.64 GiB 750.16 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 24 07:42:49 2013 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 98cea6ca:25b5f305:49e8ec88:e84bc7f0 (local to host rook) Events : 0.180998 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1 I also ran $ sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdc and no hardware issues were detected. As long as I do not reboot, /dev/md2 seems to work fine. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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  • Nginx + php-fpm "504 Gateway Time-out" error with almost zero load (on a test-server)

    - by rahul286
    After debugging for 6-hours - I am giving this up :| We have a nginx+php-fpm+mysql in LAN with almost 100 wordpress (created and used by different designers/developers all working on test wordpres setup) We are using nginx without any issues from long. Today, all of a sudden - nginx started returning "504 Gateway Time-out" out of the blue... I checked nginx error log for a virtual host... 2010/09/06 21:24:24 [error] 12909#0: *349 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 21:25:11 [error] 12909#0: *349 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 21:25:11 [error] 12909#0: *443 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /info.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 21:25:12 [error] 12909#0: *443 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 22:08:32 [error] 12909#0: *1025 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 22:09:33 [error] 12909#0: *1025 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 22:09:40 [error] 12909#0: *1064 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /info.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 22:09:40 [error] 12909#0: *1064 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 22:24:44 [error] 12909#0: *1313 upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" 2010/09/06 22:24:53 [error] 12909#0: *1313 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client: 192.168.0.1, server: rahul286.rtcamp.info, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "rahul286.rtcamp.info" As I run php-fpm on port 9000 via TCP mode, I ran "netstat | grep 9000" and noticed something unusual... (Pasting partial output here for ease of read) tcp 9 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36094 CLOSE_WAIT 14269/php5-fpm tcp 0 0 localhost:46664 localhost:9000 FIN_WAIT2 - tcp 1257 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36135 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1257 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36125 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 9 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36102 CLOSE_WAIT 14268/php5-fpm tcp 0 0 localhost:46662 localhost:9000 FIN_WAIT2 - tcp 745 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46644 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 0 0 localhost:46658 localhost:9000 FIN_WAIT2 - tcp 1265 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46607 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 0 0 localhost:46672 localhost:9000 ESTABLISHED 12909/nginx: worker tcp 1257 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36119 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1265 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46613 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 0 0 localhost:46646 localhost:9000 FIN_WAIT2 - tcp 1257 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36137 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 0 0 localhost:46670 localhost:9000 ESTABLISHED 12909/nginx: worker tcp 1265 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46619 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1336 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46668 ESTABLISHED - tcp 0 0 localhost:46648 localhost:9000 FIN_WAIT2 - tcp 1336 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46670 ESTABLISHED - tcp 9 0 localhost:9000 localhost:36108 CLOSE_WAIT 14274/php5-fpm tcp 1336 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46684 ESTABLISHED - tcp 0 0 localhost:46674 localhost:9000 ESTABLISHED 12909/nginx: worker tcp 1336 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46666 ESTABLISHED - tcp 1257 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46648 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1336 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46678 ESTABLISHED - tcp 0 0 localhost:46668 localhost:9000 ESTABLISHED 12909/nginx: wo There are plenty of "CLOSE_WAIT" & "FIN_WAIT2" pairs as highlighted below (in above output): tcp 1337 0 localhost:9000 localhost:46680 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 0 0 localhost:46680 localhost:9000 FIN_WAIT2 - Please note port 46680 in above. I enabled mysql slow queries error log, but it didn't work. As of now restarting php5-fpm every minute via a cronjob (see command below) keeping everything running "smoothly" but I hate patchwork and want to solve this... 1 * * * * service php5-fpm restart > /dev/null I searched extensively on Google - got no help. As mentioned, this a test-server in LAN, CPU load is never crossed 0.10 and memory usage is also below 25% (System has 2GB RAM and ubuntu-server installed) So if you find its time-confusing to help me out, please atleast drop a hint. Thanks in advance for help. -Rahul (note - this is reposting of - http://forum.nginx.org/read.php?11,127694) Update: I found answer, which is posted below.

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  • Active directory authentication for Ubuntu Linux login and cifs mounting home directories...

    - by Jamie
    I've configured my Ubuntu 10.04 Server LTS Beta 2 residing on a windows network to authenticate logins using active directory, then mount a windows share to serve as there home directory. Here is what I did starting from the initial installation of Ubuntu. Download and install Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS Beta 2 Get updates # sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade Install an SSH server (sshd) # sudo apt-get install openssh-server Some would argue that you should "lock sshd down" by disabling root logins. I figure if your smart enough to hack an ssh session for a root password, you're probably not going to be thwarted by the addition of PermitRootLogin no in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file. If your paranoid or not simply not convinced then edit the file or give the following a spin: # (grep PermitRootLogin /etc/ssh/sshd_conifg && sudo sed -ri 's/PermitRootLogin ).+/\1no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_conifg) || echo "PermitRootLogin not found. Add it manually." Install required packages # sudo apt-get install winbind samba smbfs smbclient ntp krb5-user Do some basic networking housecleaning in preparation for the specific package configurations to come. Determine your windows domain name, DNS server name, and IP address for the active directory server (for samba). For conveniance I set environment variables for the windows domain and DNS server. For me it was (my AD IP address was 192.168.20.11): # WINDOMAIN=mydomain.local && WINDNS=srv1.$WINDOMAIN If you want to figure out what your domain and DNS server is (I was contractor and didn't know the network) check out this helpful reference. The authentication and file sharing processes for the Windows and Linux boxes need to have their clocks agree. Do this with an NTP service, and on the server version of Ubuntu the NTP service comes installed and preconfigured. The network I was joining had the DNS server serving up the NTP service too. # sudo sed -ri "s/^(server[ \t]).+/\1$WINDNS/" /etc/ntp.conf Restart the NTP daemon # sudo /etc/init.d/ntp restart We need to christen the Linux box on the new network, this is done by editing the host file (replace the DNS of with the FQDN of the windows DNS): # sudo sed -ri "s/^(127\.0\.0\.1[ \t]).*/\1$(hostname).$WINDOMAIN localhost $(hostname)/" /etc/hosts Kerberos configuration. The instructions that follow here aren't to be taken literally: the values for MYDOMAIN.LOCAL and srv1.mydomain.local need to be replaced with what's appropriate for your network when you edit the files. Edit the (previously installed above) /etc/krb5.conf file. Find the [libdefaults] section and change (or add) the key value pair (and it is in UPPERCASE WHERE IT NEEDS TO BE): [libdefaults] default_realm = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL Add the following to the [realms] section of the file: MYDOMAIN.LOCAL = { kdc = srv1.mydomain.local admin_server = srv1.mydomain.local default_domain = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL } Add the following to the [domain_realm] section of the file: .mydomain.local = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL mydomain.local = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL Conmfigure samba. When it's all said done, I don't know where SAMBA fits in ... I used cifs to mount the windows shares ... regardless, my system works and this is how I did it. Replace /etc/samba/smb.conf (remember I was working from a clean distro of Ubuntu, so I wasn't worried about breaking anything): [global] security = ads realm = MYDOMAIN.LOCAL password server = 192.168.20.11 workgroup = MYDOMAIN idmap uid = 10000-20000 idmap gid = 10000-20000 winbind enum users = yes winbind enum groups = yes template homedir = /home/%D/%U template shell = /bin/bash client use spnego = yes client ntlmv2 auth = yes encrypt passwords = yes winbind use default domain = yes restrict anonymous = 2 Start and stop various services. # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind stop # sudo service smbd restart # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind start Setup the authentication. Edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf. Here are the contents of mine: passwd: compat winbind group: compat winbind shadow: compat winbind hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files Start and stop various services. # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind stop # sudo service smbd restart # sudo /etc/init.d/winbind start At this point I could login, home directories didn't exist, but I could login. Later I'll come back and add how I got the cifs automounting to work. Numerous resources were considered so I could figure this out. Here is a short list (a number of these links point to mine own questions on the topic): Samba Kerberos Active Directory WinBind Mounting Linux user home directories on CIFS server Authenticating OpenBSD against Active Directory How to use Active Directory to authenticate linux users Mounting windows shares with Active Directory permissions Using Active Directory authentication with Samba on Ubuntu 9.10 server 64bit How practical is to authenticate a Linux server against AD? Auto-mounting a windows share on Linux AD login

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  • Launching mysql server: same permissions for root and for user

    - by toinbis
    Hi folks, have been directed here from stackoverflow here, am reposting the question and adding my.cnf at the end of a post. so far in my 10+ years experience with linux, all the permission problems I've ever encountered, have been successfully solved with chmod -R 777 /path/where/the/problem/has/occured (every lie has a grain of truth in it :) This time the trick doesn't work, so I'm turning to you for help. I'm compiling mysql server from scratch with zc.buildout (www . buildout . org). I do launch it by executing /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe, this works. The thing is that i'll be launching this from within supervisor (supervisord . org) script, and when used on the deployment server, it'll need it to be launched with root permissions(so that nginx server, launched with the same script, would have access to 80 port). The problem is that sudo /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe, fails, generating the error, posted bellow, in mysql error log (apache and nginx works as expected). http://lists.mysql.com/mysql/216045 suggests, that "there are two errors: A missing table and a file system that mysqld doesn't have access to". Mysqldatadir and all the mysql server binary files has 777 permissions, talbe mysql.plugin does exist and has 777 permissions (why Can't open the mysql.plugin table?), "sudo touch mysql_datadir/tmp/file" does create file (why Can't create/write to file /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp/ib4e9Huz?). chgrp -R mysql mysql_datadir and adding "root, toinbis, mysql" users to mysql group ( cat /etc/group | grep mysql outputs mysql:x:124:root,toinbis,mysql) has no effect - when i launch it as a casual user, it starts, when as a root - it fails. Does mysql server, even started as root, tries to operate as other, let's say, 'mysql' user? but even in that case, adding mysql user to mysql group and making all the mysql_datadirs files belong to mysql group should make things work smoothly. I do know that it might be a better idea to simply to launch one the nginx as root and mysql - as just a user, but this error irritated me enough so to devote enough energy so not to only "make things work", but to also make things work exactly as i wanted it initially, so to have a proof of concept that it's possible. and this is the generated error: 091213 20:02:55 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Table 'plugin' is read only 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Can't create/write to file '/home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp/ib4e9Huz' (Errcode: 13) 091213 20:02:55 InnoDB: Error: unable to create temporary file; errno: 13 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock ? 091213 20:02:55 [ERROR] Aborting 091213 20:02:55 [Note] /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete 091213 20:02:55 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.pid ended My my.cnf (the basedir and datadir(including tempdir) have chmod -R 777 permissions) : [client] socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock port = 8002 [mysqld_safe] socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # socket = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.sock port = 8002 pid-file = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/var/pids/mysql.pid basedir = /home/toinbis/.../parts/mysql datadir = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir tmpdir = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/tmp skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 log-error =/home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_errorlog # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 32M thread_stack = 128K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. #log = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_logs/mysql.log # # Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement :) # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/logs/mysql_logs/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /home/toinbis/.../runtime/mysql_datadir/mysql-bin.log #binlog_format = ROW #read_only = 0 #expire_logs_days = 10 #max_binlog_size = 100M #sync_binlog = 1 #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_buffer_pool_size=64M innodb_log_file_size=16M innodb_log_buffer_size=8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 innodb_file_per_table innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 32M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completion [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M Any ideas much appreciated! regards, to P.S. sorry for messy hyperlinks, it's my first post and anti-spam feature of SF doesn't allow to post them properly :)

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  • puppet master REST API returns 403 when running under passenger works when master runs from command line

    - by Anadi Misra
    I am using the standard auth.conf provided in puppet install for the puppet master which is running through passenger under Nginx. However for most of the catalog, files and certitifcate request I get a 403 response. ### Authenticated paths - these apply only when the client ### has a valid certificate and is thus authenticated # allow nodes to retrieve their own catalog path ~ ^/catalog/([^/]+)$ method find allow $1 # allow nodes to retrieve their own node definition path ~ ^/node/([^/]+)$ method find allow $1 # allow all nodes to access the certificates services path ~ ^/certificate_revocation_list/ca method find allow * # allow all nodes to store their reports path /report method save allow * # unconditionally allow access to all file services # which means in practice that fileserver.conf will # still be used path /file allow * ### Unauthenticated ACL, for clients for which the current master doesn't ### have a valid certificate; we allow authenticated users, too, because ### there isn't a great harm in letting that request through. # allow access to the master CA path /certificate/ca auth any method find allow * path /certificate/ auth any method find allow * path /certificate_request auth any method find, save allow * path /facts auth any method find, search allow * # this one is not stricly necessary, but it has the merit # of showing the default policy, which is deny everything else path / auth any Puppet master however does not seems to be following this as I get this error on client [amisr1@blramisr195602 ~]$ sudo puppet agent --no-daemonize --verbose --server bangvmpllda02.XXXXX.com [sudo] password for amisr1: Starting Puppet client version 3.0.1 Warning: Unable to fetch my node definition, but the agent run will continue: Warning: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /certificate_revocation_list/ca [find] at :110 Info: Retrieving plugin Error: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib]: Failed to generate additional resources using 'eval_generate: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /file_metadata/plugins [search] at :110 Error: /File[/var/lib/puppet/lib]: Could not evaluate: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /file_metadata/plugins [find] at :110 Could not retrieve file metadata for puppet://devops.XXXXX.com/plugins: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /file_metadata/plugins [find] at :110 Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /catalog/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com [find] at :110 Using cached catalog Error: Could not retrieve catalog; skipping run Error: Could not send report: Error 403 on SERVER: Forbidden request: XX.XXX.XX.XX(XX.XXX.XX.XX) access to /report/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com [save] at :110 and the server logs show XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:52 +0530] "GET /production/certificate_revocation_list/ca? HTTP/1.1" 403 102 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:52 +0530] "GET /production/file_metadatas/plugins?links=manage&recurse=true&&ignore=---+%0A++-+%22.svn%22%0A++-+CVS%0A++-+%22.git%22&checksum_type=md5 HTTP/1.1" 403 95 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:52 +0530] "GET /production/file_metadata/plugins? HTTP/1.1" 403 93 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:53 +0530] "POST /production/catalog/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com HTTP/1.1" 403 106 "-" "Ruby" XX.XXX.XX.XX - - [10/Dec/2012:14:46:53 +0530] "PUT /production/report/blramisr195602.XXXXX.com HTTP/1.1" 403 105 "-" "Ruby" thefile server conf file is as follows (and goin by what they say on puppet site, It is better to regulate access in auth.conf for reaching file server and then allow file server to server all) [files] path /apps/puppet/files allow * [private] path /apps/puppet/private/%H allow * [modules] allow * I am using server and client version 3 Nginx has been compiled using the following options nginx version: nginx/1.3.9 built by gcc 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/apps/nginx --conf-path=/apps/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid --error-log-path=/apps/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/apps/nginx/logs/access.log --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --add-module=/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.18/ext/nginx --add-module=/apps/Downloads/nginx/nginx-auth-ldap-master/ and the standard nginx puppet master conf server { ssl on; listen 8140 ssl; server_name _; passenger_enabled on; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_DN $ssl_client_s_dn; passenger_set_cgi_param HTTP_X_CLIENT_VERIFY $ssl_client_verify; passenger_min_instances 5; access_log logs/puppet_access.log; error_log logs/puppet_error.log; root /apps/nginx/html/rack/public; ssl_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/bangvmpllda02.XXXXXX.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /var/lib/puppet/ssl/private_keys/bangvmpllda02.XXXXXX.com.pem; ssl_crl /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/ca_crl.pem; ssl_client_certificate /var/lib/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem; ssl_ciphers SSLv2:-LOW:-EXPORT:RC4+RSA; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_verify_client optional; ssl_verify_depth 1; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:128m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; } Puppet is picking up the correct settings from the files mentioned because config print command points to /etc/puppet [amisr1@bangvmpllDA02 puppet]$ sudo puppet config print | grep conf async_storeconfigs = false authconfig = /etc/puppet/namespaceauth.conf autosign = /etc/puppet/autosign.conf catalog_cache_terminus = store_configs confdir = /etc/puppet config = /etc/puppet/puppet.conf config_file_name = puppet.conf config_version = "" configprint = all configtimeout = 120 dblocation = /var/lib/puppet/state/clientconfigs.sqlite3 deviceconfig = /etc/puppet/device.conf fileserverconfig = /etc/puppet/fileserver.conf genconfig = false hiera_config = /etc/puppet/hiera.yaml localconfig = /var/lib/puppet/state/localconfig name = config rest_authconfig = /etc/puppet/auth.conf storeconfigs = true storeconfigs_backend = puppetdb tagmap = /etc/puppet/tagmail.conf thin_storeconfigs = false I checked the firewall rules on this VM; 80, 443, 8140, 3000 are allowed. Do I still have to tweak any specifics to auth.conf for getting this to work?

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  • Unicast traffic between hosts on a switch leaving the switch by its uplink. Why?

    - by Rich Lafferty
    I have a weird thing happening on our network at my office which I can't quite get my head around. In particular I can't tell if it's a problem with a switch, or a problem with configuration. We have a Cisco SG300-52 switch (sw01) in the top of a rack in our server room, connected to another SG300-28 that acts as our core switch (core01). Both run layer 2 only, our firewalls do routing between VLANs. They have a dozen or so VLANs between them. Gi1 on sw01 is a trunk port connected to gi1 on core01. (Disclosure: There are other switches in our environment but I'm pretty sure I've isolated the problem down to these two. Happy to provide more info if necessary.) The behaviour I'm seeing is limited to one VLAN, vlan 12 -- or, at least, it's not happening on the other ones I checked (It's hard to guarantee the absence of packets), and it is: sw01 is forwarding, to core01, traffic which is between two hosts which are both plugged into sw01. (I noticed this because the IDS in our firewall gave a false positive on traffic which should not reach the firewall.) We noticed this mostly between our two dhcp/dns servers, net01 (10.12.0.10) and net02 (10.12.0.11). net01 is physical hardware and net02 is on a VMware ESX server. net01 is connected to gi44 on sw01 and net02's ESX server to gi11. [net01]----gi44-[sw01]-gi1----gi1-[core01] [net02]----gi11/ Let's see some interfaces! Remember, vlan 12 is the problem vlan. Of the others I explicitly verified that vlan 27 was not affected. Here's the two hosts' ports: esx01 contains net02. sw01#sh run int gi11 interface gigabitethernet11 description esx01 lldp med disable switchport trunk allowed vlan add 5-7,11-13,100 switchport trunk native vlan 27 ! sw01#sh run int gi44 interface gigabitethernet44 description net01-1 lldp med disable switchport mode access switchport access vlan 12 ! Here's the trunk on sw01. sw01#sh run int gi1 interface gigabitethernet1 description "trunk to core01" lldp med disable switchport trunk allowed vlan add 4-7,11-13,27,100 ! And the other end of the trunk on core01. interface gigabitethernet1 description sw01 macro description switch switchport trunk allowed vlan add 2-7,11-16,27,100 ! I have a monitor port on core01, thus: core01#sh run int gi12 interface gigabitethernet12 description "monitor port" port monitor GigabitEthernet 1 ! And the monitor port on core01 sees unicast traffic going between net01 and net02, both of which are on sw01! I've verified this with a monitor port on sw01 that sees the net01-net02 unicast traffic leaving via gi1 too. sw01 knows that both of those hosts are on ports that are not its trunk port: :) ratchet$ arp -a | grep net net02.2ndsiteinc.com (10.12.0.11) at 00:0C:29:1A:66:15 [ether] on eth0 net01.2ndsiteinc.com (10.12.0.10) at 00:11:43:D8:9F:94 [ether] on eth0 sw01#sh mac addr addr 00:0C:29:1A:66:15 Aging time is 300 sec Vlan Mac Address Port Type -------- --------------------- ---------- ---------- 12 00:0c:29:1a:66:15 gi11 dynamic sw01#sh mac addr addr 00:11:43:D8:9F:94 Aging time is 300 sec Vlan Mac Address Port Type -------- --------------------- ---------- ---------- 12 00:11:43:d8:9f:94 gi44 dynamic I also brought up an unused port on sw01 on vlan 12, but the unicast traffic was (as best as I could tell) not coming out that port. So it doesn't look like sw01 is pushing it out all its ports, just the right ports and also gi1! I've verified that sw01 is not filling up its address-table: sw01#sh mac addr count This may take some time. Capacity : 8192 Free : 7983 Used : 208 The full configs for both core01 and sw01 are available: core01, sw01. Finally, versions: sw01#sh ver SW version 1.1.2.0 ( date 12-Nov-2011 time 23:34:26 ) Boot version 1.0.0.4 ( date 08-Apr-2010 time 16:37:57 ) HW version V01 core01#sh ver SW version 1.1.2.0 ( date 12-Nov-2011 time 23:34:26 ) Boot version 1.1.0.6 ( date 11-May-2011 time 18:31:00 ) HW version V01 So my understanding is this: sw01 should take unicast traffic for net01 and send it only out net02's port, and vice versa; none of it should go out sw01's uplink. But core01, receiving traffic on gi1 for a host it knows is on gi1, is right in sending it out all of its ports. (That is: sw01 is misbehaving, but core01 is doing what it should given the circumstances.) My question is: Why is sw01 sending that unicast traffic out its uplink, gi1? (And pre-emptively: yes, I know SG300s leave much to be desired, and yes, we should have spanning-tree enabled, but that's where I'm at right now.)

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  • Nginx + Haproxy + Thin + Rails - 503 Service Unavailable -

    - by Luca G. Soave
    I don't know how troubleshoot this. I get "503 Service Unavailable" http error for all "nginx upstreams" proxy passing calls to haproxy fast_thin and slow_thin ( server 127.0.0.1:3100 and server 127.0.0.1:3200 ), which loadbalance on 6 Thin servers ( 127.0.0.1:3000 .. 3005 ). Static files like /blog are currently fine. The falldown is: nginx on port 80 - haproxy on 3100 and 3200 - thin on 3000 .. 3005 and then Rails. Here it is /etc/nginx/nginx.conf : user nginx; worker_processes 2; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } then /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf upstream fast_thin { server 127.0.0.1:3100; } upstream slow_thin { server 127.0.0.1:3200; } server { listen 80; server_name www.gitwatcher.com; rewrite ^/(.*) http://gitwatcher.com/$1 permanent; } server { listen 80; server_name gitwatcher.com; access_log /var/www/gitwatcher/log/access.log; error_log /var/www/gitwatcher/log/error.log; root /var/www/gitwatcher/public; # index index.html; location /about { proxy_pass http://fast_thin; break; } location /trends { proxy_pass http://slow_thin; break; } location /categories { proxy_pass http://slow_thin; break; } location /signout { proxy_pass http://slow_thin; break; } location /auth/github { proxy_pass http://slow_thin; break; } location / { proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; if (-f $request_filename/index.html) { rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; } if (-f $request_filename.html) { rewrite (.*) $1.html break; } if (!-f $request_filename) { proxy_pass http://slow_thin; break; } } } then haproxy config file /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg : global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice #log loghost local0 info maxconn 4096 #chroot /usr/share/haproxy user haproxy group haproxy daemon #debug #quiet nbproc 1 # number of processing cores defaults log global retries 3 maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 mode http clitimeout 60000 # maximum inactivity time on the client side srvtimeout 30000 # maximum inactivity time on the server side timeout connect 4000 # maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed option httplog option dontlognull option redispatch option httpclose # disable keepalive (HAProxy does not yet support the HTTP keep-alive mode) option abortonclose # enable early dropping of aborted requests from pending queue option httpchk # enable HTTP protocol to check on servers health option forwardfor # enable insert of X-Forwarded-For headers balance roundrobin # each server is used in turns, according to assigned weight stats enable # enable web-stats at /haproxy?stats stats auth haproxy:pr0xystats # force HTTP Auth to view stats stats refresh 5s # refresh rate of stats page listen rails_proxy 127.0.0.1:3100 # - equal weights on all servers # - maxconn will queue requests at HAProxy if limit is reached # - minconn dynamically scales the connection concurrency (bound my maxconn) depending on size of HAProxy queue # - check health every 20000 microseconds server web1 127.0.0.1:3000 weight 1 minconn 3 maxconn 6 check inter 20000 server web1 127.0.0.1:3001 weight 1 minconn 3 maxconn 6 check inter 20000 server web1 127.0.0.1:3002 weight 1 minconn 3 maxconn 6 check inter 20000 listen slow_proxy 127.0.0.1:3200 # cluster for slow requests, lower the queues, check less frequently server slow1 127.0.0.1:3003 weight 1 minconn 1 maxconn 3 check inter 40000 server slow2 127.0.0.1:3004 weight 1 minconn 1 maxconn 3 check inter 40000 server slow3 127.0.0.1:3005 weight 1 minconn 1 maxconn 3 check inter 40000 and the Thin config file /etc/thin/gitwatcher.yml : --- chdir: /var/www/gitwatcher environment: production address: 0.0.0.0 port: 3000 timeout: 30 log: log/thin.log pid: tmp/pids/thin.pid max_conns: 1024 max_persistent_conns: 100 require: [] wait: 30 servers: 6 daemonize: true if I look into open listen ports, I got the following : root@fullness:/var/www/gitwatcher# lsof | grep TCP | egrep "nginx|haproxy|thin" nginx 834 root 8u IPv4 921 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) nginx 835 nginx 8u IPv4 921 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) nginx 837 nginx 8u IPv4 921 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) haproxy 1908 haproxy 4u IPv4 11699 0t0 TCP localhost:3100 (LISTEN) haproxy 1908 haproxy 6u IPv4 11701 0t0 TCP localhost:3200 (LISTEN) root@fullness:/var/www/gitwatcher# iptables -L get me the following : Chain INPUT (policy DROP) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:22222 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere DROP all -- anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere Any help ?

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  • Ubuntu, No wireless networks found after correctly installed madwifi

    - by Peter
    Hi, I just installed madwifi on my MSI laptop with an Atheros AR5001 wifi card & Lucid. As far as I can see and according to System - Administration - Hardware drivers the install was successful and the card + driver is up and running. However, I don't see any wireless network (my windows PC can see about 5 wireless networks). I tried it with the network manager applet as well as with wicd. If I try to connect to "Hidden Wireless Network" via nm-applet, it will start to connect for a while but is unable too (although I supply it with the correct WEP settings & key) So, I'm unable to use my wireless network. What am i doing wrong? Some information about my system: iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:17 dBm Sensitivity=1/1 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/70 Signal level=-96 dBm Noise level=-96 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 pan0 no wireless extensions. ifconfig ath0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca inet6 addr: fe80::215:afff:fecf:e2ca/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:21:85:4d:82:78 inet addr:192.168.2.101 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::221:85ff:fe4d:8278/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2944 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3940261 (3.9 MB) TX bytes:525218 (525.2 KB) Interrupt:27 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:720 (720.0 B) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B) wifi0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-15-AF-CF-E2-CA-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3497 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:280 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:179947 (179.9 KB) Interrupt:16 lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: wifi0 version: 01 serial: 00:15:af:cf:e2:ca width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath_pci latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g resources: irq:16 memory:fd7f0000-fd7fffff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 01 serial: 00:21:85:4d:82:78 size: 100MB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full ip=192.168.2.101 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100MB/s resources: irq:27 ioport:c800(size=256) memory:fe2ff000-fe2fffff memory:fe2c0000-fe2dffff(prefetchable) lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 Host Bridge 00:01.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (Internal gfx) 00:04.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc Device 7914 00:06.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 2) 00:07.0 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc RS690 PCI to PCI Bridge (PCI Express Port 3) 00:12.0 SATA controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 Non-Raid-5 SATA 00:13.0 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI0) 00:13.1 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI1) 00:13.2 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI2) 00:13.3 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI3) 00:13.4 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB (OHCI4) 00:13.5 USB Controller: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 USB Controller (EHCI) 00:14.0 SMBus: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 SMBus Controller (rev 14) 00:14.1 IDE interface: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 IDE 00:14.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 Azalia (Intel HDA) 00:14.3 ISA bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SB600 PCI to LPC Bridge 00:14.4 PCI bridge: ATI Technologies Inc SBx00 PCI to PCI Bridge 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc RS690M [Radeon X1200 Series] 01:05.2 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Radeon X1200 Series Audio Controller 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5001 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 01) 06:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ711MP1/MS1 MemoryCardBus Controller (rev 21) 06:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.3 Bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 06:04.4 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) less /proc/modules | grep ath ath_rate_sample 11476 1 - Live 0xf812b000 ath_pci 193197 0 - Live 0xf85c3000 wlan 222892 5 wlan_wep,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8537000 ath_hal 398604 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci, Live 0xf8480000 I've been at this for hours now, also tried ndiswrapper and ath5k drivers with no luck, and really could use some help. Cheers.

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  • rm on a directory with millions of files

    - by BMDan
    Background: physical server, about two years old, 7200-RPM SATA drives connected to a 3Ware RAID card, ext3 FS mounted noatime and data=ordered, not under crazy load, kernel 2.6.18-92.1.22.el5, uptime 545 days. Directory doesn't contain any subdirectories, just millions of small (~100 byte) files, with some larger (a few KB) ones. We have a server that has gone a bit cuckoo over the course of the last few months, but we only noticed it the other day when it started being unable to write to a directory due to it containing too many files. Specifically, it started throwing this error in /var/log/messages: ext3_dx_add_entry: Directory index full! The disk in question has plenty of inodes remaining: Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/sda3 60719104 3465660 57253444 6% / So I'm guessing that means we hit the limit of how many entries can be in the directory file itself. No idea how many files that would be, but it can't be more, as you can see, than three million or so. Not that that's good, mind you! But that's part one of my question: exactly what is that upper limit? Is it tunable? Before I get yelled at--I want to tune it down; this enormous directory caused all sorts of issues. Anyway, we tracked down the issue in the code that was generating all of those files, and we've corrected it. Now I'm stuck with deleting the directory. A few options here: rm -rf (dir)I tried this first. I gave up and killed it after it had run for a day and a half without any discernible impact. unlink(2) on the directory: Definitely worth consideration, but the question is whether it'd be faster to delete the files inside the directory via fsck than to delete via unlink(2). That is, one way or another, I've got to mark those inodes as unused. This assumes, of course, that I can tell fsck not to drop entries to the files in /lost+found; otherwise, I've just moved my problem. In addition to all the other concerns, after reading about this a bit more, it turns out I'd probably have to call some internal FS functions, as none of the unlink(2) variants I can find would allow me to just blithely delete a directory with entries in it. Pooh. while [ true ]; do ls -Uf | head -n 10000 | xargs rm -f 2/dev/null; done ) This is actually the shortened version; the real one I'm running, which just adds some progress-reporting and a clean stop when we run out of files to delete, is: export i=0; time ( while [ true ]; do ls -Uf | head -n 3 | grep -qF '.png' || break; ls -Uf | head -n 10000 | xargs rm -f 2/dev/null; export i=$(($i+10000)); echo "$i..."; done ) This seems to be working rather well. As I write this, it's deleted 260,000 files in the past thirty minutes or so. Now, for the questions: As mentioned above, is the per-directory entry limit tunable? Why did it take "real 7m9.561s / user 0m0.001s / sys 0m0.001s" to delete a single file which was the first one in the list returned by "ls -U", and it took perhaps ten minutes to delete the first 10,000 entries with the command in #3, but now it's hauling along quite happily? For that matter, it deleted 260,000 in about thirty minutes, but it's now taken another fifteen minutes to delete 60,000 more. Why the huge swings in speed? Is there a better way to do this sort of thing? Not store millions of files in a directory; I know that's silly, and it wouldn't have happened on my watch. Googling the problem and looking through SF and SO offers a lot of variations on "find" that obviously have the wrong idea; it's not going to be faster than my approach for several self-evident reasons. But does the delete-via-fsck idea have any legs? Or something else entirely? I'm eager to hear out-of-the-box (or inside-the-not-well-known-box) thinking. Thanks for reading the small novel; feel free to ask questions and I'll be sure to respond. I'll also update the question with the final number of files and how long the delete script ran once I have that. Final script output!: 2970000... 2980000... 2990000... 3000000... 3010000... real 253m59.331s user 0m6.061s sys 5m4.019s So, three million files deleted in a bit over four hours.

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  • HTTP downloads stop after some time, resuming is not possible

    - by cdauth
    When I try to download a file via HTTP, the downloads sometimes stop after around 30 MB. The download rates goes down to 0 B/s and no data keeps coming. When I stop the download and resume again, the download still hangs. But when I redownload it from byte 0 again, everything works fine up to 30 MB when it stops again. Sometimes, after some hours, it just works again without problems. The position in the file when the download stops is variable, but most of the time it is around 30–35 MB. As a download manager I use wget. The same behaviour happens though using curl and other download managers. The error occurs independently of the server I download from. I have also observed this error on other Linux computers in my network. All computers on my network run Gentoo Linux on x86. All internet connections on my network go through a server on my network which runs a transparent Squid proxy on port 80. That server is connected to a router, which is a Speedport W 700V by Deutsche Telekom AG. That router is connected to the internet using ADSL, with 448 kbit/s down speed and 96 kbit/s up speed. I am almost sure that my transparent proxy is not the problem. I turned that off without resolving the issue. I also connected to the router directly via WLAN without resolving the issue. I also tried to download over another port via HTTP. Furthermore, I tried to download the file using IPv6 with a gateway6 tunnel from my computer, which resulted in exactly the same problem. Now the strange thing is that everything works fine using FTP and HTTPS (also with wget on the same computer). Even more strange: when I resume the download that hanged over HTTP using FTP or HTTPS, download a few bytes that way, stop wget and then resume again using HTTP, it loads data again! But after a few MB, it may stop again. Unfortunately, files downloaded that way are always broken (the MD5 sum is not correct), so at some point, there must have been bogus data. I tried searching for HTML error messages in the downloaded file, but grep -i html does not find anything. (I cannot think of a way to search for GZIP-compressed HTML error messages in the file, so I did not try that.) I tried using strace on wget when it failed to resume a download, you can find the entire output on pastebin. The important lines are repeated every second: clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, {326102, 62176435}) = 0 ) = 1 write(2, "78% [++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"..., 19578% [+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ] 110,683,685 --.-K/s ) = 195 select(4, [3], NULL, NULL, {0, 949999}) = 0 (Timeout) I have absolutely no idea what could be the reason of this problem. It seems like whatever causes the issue speaks HTTP. It seems to speak HTTP that intelligently that it even regognises it in an IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnel. But what could that be and why does it only happen sometimes? The other possibility would be that there is a problem on my computer that is the same on other Gentoo Linux computers as well. Has anyone ever had such a problem? What could be the reason and where do I have to continue investigating to find out more about the issue? Update: I have just run into the problem again and tried to resume the download over the router’s WLAN, and this time it worked. Maybe I did something wrong during my last tests with the WLAN. Now maybe my transparent proxy server is in fact the problem. It is a very basic Squid proxy server that does not cache anything. Maybe the fact is interesting that a second Squid proxy runs on the same computer on another port. Update: A download hung again and this time I turned off all firewall settings and stopped all proxy servers. I failed to resume the download from my network server, which is directly connected to the router. So my proxy server definitely is not the cause the problem. I will try to upgrade the firmware of my router now, although I do not have admin access to it. I will see what I can do.

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  • Bind: dns not 'spreaded'

    - by realtebo
    I've elfoip.net with bind $ whois elfoip.net | grep 'Name Server' Name Server: NS.ELFOIP.NET I need elfoip.net be able to serve third levels domain, like mickymouse.elfoip.net, etc... Yes, I'm trying to create an other useless dyndns clone. i've added some third level as A RR. Eg: executing this from the server itself $ dig @localhost mattinauno.elfoip.net ;; ANSWER SECTION: mattinauno.elfoip.net. 60 IN A 192.81.221.113 I was expecting in one or two days, from my pc i can digit in browser mattinauno.elfoip.net and get page a 192.81.221.113 But this is not happening. Are there any prerequisites to satisfy to allow dns of my isp to be able to forward dns resolution of *.elfoip.net to MY dns ? (Or to ask to him and then cache ?) TTL of zone is set a 5m I've not AllowQuey directive, is it necessary for other dns to cache from mine ? I've cheched the zone with bind utility named-checkzone but no error detected. How to diagnose why other dns doesn't take in account RR from mine ? from my home pc dig @ns.elfoip.net mattinauno.elfoip.net ;; ANSWER SECTION: mattinauno.elfoip.net. 60 IN A 192.81.221.113 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: elfoip.net. 300 IN NS ns.elfoip.net. but dig @8.8.8.8 mattinauno.elfoip.net give no answers Whole zone file: note I've used nsupdate, so this file has been re-edited and re-formatted from this utility ! root@mirko:/var/named# cat elfoip.net.db $ORIGIN . $TTL 300 ; 5 minutes elfoip.net IN SOA ns.elfoip.net. hostmaster.elfoip.net. ( 2013062314 ; serial 3600 ; refresh (1 hour) 600 ; retry (10 minutes) 86400 ; expire (1 day) 60 ; minimum (1 minute) ) NS ns.elfoip.net. A 109.168.99.6 $ORIGIN elfoip.net. $TTL 60 ; 1 minute google A 173.194.35.56 maiscai A 192.81.221.113 mattinadue A 192.81.221.113 mattinauno A 192.81.221.113 $TTL 300 ; 5 minutes ns A 109.168.99.6 $TTL 60 ; 1 minute prova A 208.67.222.222 prova2 A 13.23.34.45 A 13.23.34.46 www CNAME elfoip.net. EDIT: added named.conf.local zone "elfoip.net" { type master; // file "/etc/bind/elfoip.net.db"; file "/var/named/elfoip.net.db"; allow-update { key elfoip.net ; }; }; EDIT: I've no setup list-on directive *EDIT Added a TCPDUMP after [email protected] wwww.elfoip.net from a machine which uses my company internal dns, who allow recursive query. root@mirko:~# tcpdump -i eth0 'port 53' tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 11:57:23.293611 IP host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.45958 > mirko.elfoip.net.domain: 61337+ A? www.elfoip.net. (32) 11:57:23.294114 IP mirko.elfoip.net.domain > host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.45958: 61337* 2/1/1 CNAME elfoip.net., A 109.168.99.6 (95) 11:57:23.294554 IP mirko.elfoip.net.59571 > google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain: 45851+ PTR? 9.210.22.87.in-addr.arpa. (42) 11:57:23.330444 IP google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain > mirko.elfoip.net.59571: 45851 1/0/0 PTR host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it. (106) 11:57:23.331181 IP mirko.elfoip.net.44171 > google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain: 33339+ PTR? 8.8.8.8.in-addr.arpa. (38) 11:57:23.439405 IP google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain > mirko.elfoip.net.44171: 33339 1/0/0 PTR google-public-dns-a.google.com. (82) 11:57:31.350654 IP host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.30108 > mirko.elfoip.net.domain: 38269 [1au] A? ns.elfoip.net. (42) 11:57:31.351117 IP mirko.elfoip.net.domain > host9-210-static.22-87-b.business.telecomitalia.it.30108: 38269* 1/1/1 A 109.168.99.6 (72) If i dig @8.8.8.8 www.elfoip.net, NOTHING happens in dump log !

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  • Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network lots of connections and high traffic for storage and streaming services

    - by Linux Guy
    I have two servers, Both servers hardware Specification are Processor : Dual Processor RAM : over 128 G.B Hard disk : SSD Hard disk Outging Traffic bandwidth : 3 Gbps network cards speed : 10 Gbps Server A : for Encoding videos Server B : for storage videos andstream videos over web interface like youtube The inbound bandwidth between two servers is 10Gbps , the outbound bandwidth internet bandwidth is 500Mpbs Both servers using public ip addresses in public and private network Both servers transfer and connection on nginx port , and the server B used for streaming media , like youtube stream videos Both servers in same network , when i do ping from Server A to Server B i got high time latency above 1.0ms , the time range time=52.7 ms to time=215.7 ms - This is the output of iftop utility 353Mb 707Mb 1.04Gb 1.38Gb 1.73Gb mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq server.example.com => ip.address 6.36Mb 4.31Mb 1.66Mb <= 158Kb 94.8Kb 35.1Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.23Mb 4.28Mb 1.12Mb <= 17.1Kb 83.5Kb 21.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 395Kb 3.89Mb 1.07Mb <= 6.09Kb 109Kb 28.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 4.55Mb 3.83Mb 1.04Mb <= 55.6Kb 45.4Kb 13.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 649Kb 3.38Mb 1.47Mb <= 9.00Kb 38.7Kb 16.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 5.00Mb 3.32Mb 1.80Mb <= 65.7Kb 55.1Kb 29.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 387Kb 3.13Mb 1.06Mb <= 18.4Kb 39.9Kb 15.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.27Mb 3.11Mb 1.01Mb <= 81.2Kb 64.5Kb 20.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 3.08Mb 2.72Mb <= 16.6Kb 35.6Kb 32.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 2.90Mb 2.79Mb <= 22.4Kb 32.6Kb 35.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.03Mb 2.78Mb 1.82Mb <= 26.6Kb 27.4Kb 20.2Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.26Mb 2.66Mb 1.36Mb <= 51.7Kb 49.1Kb 24.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 586Kb 2.50Mb 1.03Mb <= 4.17Kb 26.1Kb 10.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.42Mb 2.49Mb 2.44Mb <= 31.6Kb 29.7Kb 29.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.41Mb 2.46Mb 2.41Mb <= 26.4Kb 24.5Kb 23.8Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.37Mb 2.39Mb 2.40Mb <= 28.9Kb 27.0Kb 28.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 525Kb 2.20Mb 1.05Mb <= 7.03Kb 26.0Kb 12.8Kb qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq TX: cum: 102GB peak: 1.65Gb rates: 1.46Gb 1.44Gb 1.48Gb RX: 1.31GB 24.3Mb 19.5Mb 18.9Mb 20.0Mb TOTAL: 103GB 1.67Gb 1.48Gb 1.46Gb 1.50Gb I check the transfer speed using iperf utility From Server A to Server B # iperf -c 0.0.0.2 -p 8777 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 0.0.0.2, TCP port 8777 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 0.0.0.1 port 38895 connected with 0.0.0.2 port 8777 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.8 sec 528 KBytes 399 Kbits/sec My Current Connections in Server B # netstat -an|grep ":8777"|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort -nr| uniq -c 2072 TIME_WAIT 28 SYN_RECV 1 LISTEN 189 LAST_ACK 139 FIN_WAIT2 373 FIN_WAIT1 3381 ESTABLISHED 34 CLOSING Server A Network Card Information Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes Server B Network Card Information Settings for eth2: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Direct Attach Copper PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes ifconfig server A eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:ED:9E:AA inet addr:0.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1202795665 errors:0 dropped:64334 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2313161968 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:893413096188 (832.0 GiB) TX bytes:3360949570454 (3.0 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) TX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) ifconfig Server B eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:82:C4:FE inet addr:0.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:39973046980 errors:0 dropped:1828387600 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:69618752480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3013976063688 (2.7 TiB) TX bytes:102250230803933 (92.9 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) TX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) Netstat -i on Server B # netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth2 9000 0 42098629968 0 2131223717 0 73698797854 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 0 1077908 0 0 0 1077908 0 0 0 LRU I Turn up send/receive buffers on the network card to 2048 and problem still persist I increase the MTU for server A and problem still persist and i increase the MTU for server B for better connectivity and transfer speed but it couldn't transfer at all The problem is : as you can see from iperf utility, the transfer speed from server A to server B slow when i restart network service in server B the transfer in server A at full speed, after 2 minutes , it's getting slow How could i troubleshoot slow speed issue and fix it in server B ? Notice : if there any other commands i should execute in servers for more information, so it might help resolve the problem , let me know in comments

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  • e2fsck extremly slow, although enough memory exists

    - by kaefert
    I've got this external USB-Disk: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ lsusb -s 2:3 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bc2:3320 Seagate RSS LLC As can be seen in this dmesg output, there are some problems that prevents that disk from beeing mounted: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ dmesg | grep sdb [ 114.474342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.475089] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 114.475092] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 114.475959] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 114.477093] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.501649] sdb: sdb1 [ 114.502717] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.504354] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 116.804408] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 3976 failed (47397!=61519) [ 116.804413] EXT4-fs (sdb1): group descriptors corrupted! So I went and fired up my favorite partition manager - gparted, and told it to verify and repair the partition sdb1. This made gparted call e2fsck (version 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012)) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Although gparted called e2fsck with the "-v" option, sadly it doesn't show me the output of my e2fsck process (bugreport https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=467925 ) I started this whole thing on Sunday (2012-11-04_2200) evening, so about 48 hours ago, this is what htop says about it now (2012-11-06-1900): PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 3704 root 39 19 1560M 1166M 768 R 98.0 19.5 42h56:43 e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Now I found a few posts on the internet that discuss e2fsck running slow, for example: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13613 where they write that its a good idea to see if the disk is just that slow because maybe its damaged, and I think these outputs tell me that this is not the case in my case: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 3562 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1783.29 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 82 MB in 3.01 seconds = 27.26 MB/sec kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 364801/255/63, sectors = 5860533160, start = 0 However, although I can read quickly from that disk, this disk speed doesn't seem to be used by e2fsck, considering tools like gkrellm or iotop or this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ iostat -x Linux 3.2.0-2-amd64 (blechmobil) 2012-11-06 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14,24 47,81 14,63 0,95 0,00 22,37 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0,59 8,29 2,42 5,14 43,17 160,17 53,75 0,30 39,80 8,72 54,42 3,95 2,99 sdb 137,54 5,48 9,23 0,20 587,07 22,73 129,35 0,07 7,70 7,51 16,18 2,17 2,04 Now I researched a little bit on how to find out what e2fsck is doing with all that processor time, and I found the tool strace, which gives me this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo strace -p3704 lseek(4, 41026998272, SEEK_SET) = 41026998272 write(4, "\212\354K[_\361\3nl\212\245\352\255jR\303\354\312Yv\334p\253r\217\265\3567\325\257\3766"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404766720, SEEK_SET) = 48404766720 read(4, "\7t\260\366\346\337\304\210\33\267j\35\377'\31f\372\252\ffU\317.y\211\360\36\240c\30`\34"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027002368, SEEK_SET) = 41027002368 write(4, "\232]7Ws\321\352\t\1@[+5\263\334\276{\343zZx\352\21\316`1\271[\202\350R`"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404770816, SEEK_SET) = 48404770816 read(4, "\17\362r\230\327\25\346//\210H\v\311\3237\323K\304\306\361a\223\311\324\272?\213\tq \370\24"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027006464, SEEK_SET) = 41027006464 write(4, "\367yy>x\216?=\324Z\305\351\376&\25\244\210\271\22\306}\276\237\370(\214\205G\262\360\257#"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404774912, SEEK_SET) = 48404774912 read(4, "\365\25\0\21|T\0\21}3t_\272\373\222k\r\177\303\1\201\261\221$\261B\232\3142\21U\316"..., 4096) = 4096 ^CProcess 3704 detached around 16 of these lines every second, so 4 read and 4 write operations every second, which I don't consider to be a lot.. And finally, my question: Will this process ever finish? If those numbers from fseek (48404774912) represent bytes, that would be something like 45 gigabytes, with this beeing a 3 terrabyte disk, which would give me 134 days to go, if the speed stays constant, and he scans the disk like this completly and only once. Do you have some advice for me? I have most of the data on that disk elsewhere, but I've put a lot of hours into sorting and merging it to this disk, so I would prefer to getting this disk up and running again, without formatting it anew. I don't think that the hardware is damaged since the disk is only a few months and since I can't see any I/O errors in the dmesg output. UPDATE: I just looked at the strace output again (2012-11-06_2300), now it looks like this: lseek(4, 1419860611072, SEEK_SET) = 1419860611072 read(4, "3#\f\2447\335\0\22A\355\374\276j\204'\207|\217V|\23\245[\7VP\251\242\276\207\317:"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018145792, SEEK_SET) = 43018145792 write(4, "]\206\231\342Y\204-2I\362\242\344\6R\205\361\324\177\265\317C\334V\324\260\334\275t=\10F."..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860615168, SEEK_SET) = 1419860615168 read(4, "\262\305\314Y\367\37x\326\245\226\226\320N\333$s\34\204\311\222\7\315\236\336\300TK\337\264\236\211n"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018149888, SEEK_SET) = 43018149888 write(4, "\271\224m\311\224\25!I\376\16;\377\0\223H\25Yd\201Y\342\r\203\271\24eG<\202{\373V"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860619264, SEEK_SET) = 1419860619264 read(4, ";d\360\177\n\346\253\210\222|\250\352T\335M\33\260\320\261\7g\222P\344H?t\240\20\2548\310"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018153984, SEEK_SET) = 43018153984 write(4, "\360\252j\317\310\251G\227\335{\214`\341\267\31Y\202\360\v\374\307oq\3063\217Z\223\313\36D\211"..., 4096) = 4096 So this number of the lseeks before the reads, like 1419860619264 are already a lot bigger, standing for 1.29 terabytes if the numbers are bytes, so it doesn't seem to be a linear progress on a big scale, maybe there are only some areas that need work, that have big gaps in between them. (times are in CET)

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  • git local master branch stopped tracking remotes/origin/master, can't push

    - by Paul Smith
    Just when I thought I'd got the hang of the git checkout -b newbranch - commit/commit/commit - git checkout master - git merge newbranch - git rebase -i master - git push workflow in git, something blew up, and I can't see any reason for it. Here's the general workflow, which has worked for me in the past: # make sure I'm up to date on master: $ git checkout master $ git pull # k, no conflicts # start my new feature $ git checkout -b FEATURE9 # master @ 2f93e34 Switched to a new branch 'FEATURE9' ... work, commit, work, commit, work, commit... $ git commit -a $ git checkout master $ git merge FEATURE9 $ git rebase -i master # squash some of the FEATURE9 ugliness Ok so far; now what I expect to see -- and normally do see -- is this: $ git status # On branch master # Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit. # nothing to commit (working directory clean) But instead, I only see "nothing to commit (working directory clean)", no "Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.", and git pull shows this weirdness: $ git pull From . # unexpected * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD # unexpected Already up-to-date. # expected And git branch -a -v shows this: $ git branch -a -v FEATURE9 3eaf059 started feature 9 * master 3eaf059 started feature 9 remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master remotes/origin/master 2f93e34 some boring previous commit # should=3eaf059 git branch clearly shows that I'm currently on * master, and git log clearly shows that master (local) is at 3eaf059, while remotes/origin/HEAD - remotes/origin/master is stuck back at the fork. Ideally I'd like to know the semantics of how I might have gotten into this, but I would settle for a way to get my working copy tracking the remote master again & get the two back in sync without losing history. Thanks! (Note: I re-cloned the repo in a new directory and manually re-applied the changes, and everything worked fine, but I don't want that to be the standard workaround.) Addendum: The title says "can't push", but there's no error message. I just get the "already up to date" response even though git branch -a -v shows that local master is ahead of /remotes/origin/master. Here's the output from git pull and git remote -v, respectively: $ git pull From . * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD Already up-to-date. $ git remote -v origin [email protected]:proj.git (fetch) origin [email protected]:proj.git (push) Addendum 2: It looks as if my local master is configured to push to the remote, but not to pull from it. After doing for remote in 'git branch -r | grep -v master '; do git checkout --track $remote ; done, here's what I have. It seems I just need to get master pulling from remotes/origin/master again, no? $ git remote show origin * remote origin Fetch URL: [email protected]:proj.git Push URL: [email protected]:proj.git HEAD branch: master Remote branches: experiment_f tracked master tracked Local branches configured for 'git pull': experiment_f merges with remote experiment_f Local refs configured for 'git push': experiment_f pushes to experiment_f (up to date) master pushes to master (local out of date)

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  • "type" Command Not Working As Expected on Git Bash

    - by trysis
    The type command, in Linux, returns the location, on the filesystem, of the given file, if it is in the current folder or the $PATH. This functionality is also available through Windows with the Git Bash command line program. The command also returns a file's location given the file without its extension (.exe, .vbs, etc.) However, I have run into what seems like a strange corner case where the file exists on the $PATH but doesn't get returned using the command. I am thinking of buying a new computer soon, so I looked up the method of transferring the license key from one computer to another, in preparation for actually doing this. The method I found mentioned the files slmgr.vbs and slui.exe, both of which reside in the C:/Windows\System32 folder, which is in my $PATH, as usual for a Windows computer. However, these two files aren't showing up when I use the type command. Also, neither gets executed when I call the files as commands without their extensions in Git Bash, and only slmgr.vbs gets executed when I call them with the extensions. Finally, slmgr.vbs is shown when listing the folder's contents in Git Bash, as well, but slui.exe isn't. I thought this might have to do with permissions, and, indeed, both files have very restrictive permissions, as you can see in the pictures below, but they both have the same permissions, which wouldn't explain why one gets executed and the other doesn't when called directly, nor why one file is listed on command line but the other isn't. C:\Windows\System32 folder, proving the files exist: File permissions for the Users and Administrators groups for the two files (they are identical): And the folder: type command and its output in Git Bash for the 2 files, plus listing the files in the folder (using grep to filter as the folder is huge), as well as listing part of the $PATH (keep in mind, for all these, that Git Bash changes the paths as they are displayed): Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slmgr sh.exe": type: slmgr: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slmgr.vbs sh.exe": type: slmgr.vbs: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slui sh.exe": type: slui: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ type -a slui.exe sh.exe": type: slui.exe: not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ slmgr sh.exe": slmgr: command not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ slmgr.vbs /c/WINDOWS/system32/slmgr.vbs: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `(' /c/WINDOWS/system32/slmgr.vbs: line 2: `' Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. A ll rights reserved.' Sean@MYPC ~ $ slui sh.exe": slui: command not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ slui.exe sh.exe": slui.exe: command not found Sean@MYPC ~ $ ls /c/Windows/System32/slui.exe /c/Windows/System32/slmgr.vbs ls: /c/Windows/System32/slui.exe: No such file or directory /c/Windows/System32/slmgr.vbs Sean@MYPC ~ $ echo $PATH /c/Users/Sean/bin:.:/usr/local/bin:/mingw/bin:/bin:/cmd:/c/Python33/:/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/iCLS Client/:/c/Program Files/Intel/iCLS Client/:/c/WINDOWS/sy stem32:/c/WINDOWS:/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem:/c/WINDOWS/System32/WindowsPowerShell /v1.0/:/c/Program Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/c/Progr am Files/Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/c/Program Files (x86)/ Intel/Intel(R) Management Engine Components/DAL:/c/Program Files (x86)/Intel/Int el(R) Management Engine Components/IPT:/c/Program Files/Intel/WiFi/bin/:/c/Progr am Files/Common Files/Intel/WirelessCommon/:/c/strawberry/c/bin:/c/strawberry/pe rl/site/bin:/c/strawberry/perl/bin:/c/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft ASP.NET/ASP. NET Web Pages/v1.0/:/c/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/110/Tools/Binn/:/c/Pro gram Files (x86)/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/:/c/Program Files (x86)/Open AFS/Common:/c/HashiCorp/Vagrant/bin:/c/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/8.1/Wind ows Performance Toolkit/:/c/Program Files/nodejs/:/c/Program Files (x86)/Git/cmd :/c/Program Files (x86)/Git/bin:/c/Program Files/Microsoft/Web Platform Installe r/:/c/Ruby200-x64/bin:/c/Users/Sean/AppData/Local/Box/Box Edit/:/c/Program Files (x86)/SSH Communications Security/SSH Secure Shell:/c/Users/Sean/Documents/Lisp :/c/Program Files/GCL-2.6.1/lib/gcl-2.6.1/unixport:/c/Chocolatey/bin:/c/Users/Se an/AppData/Roaming/npm:/c/wamp/bin/mysql/mysql5.6.12/bin:/c/Program Files/Oracle /VirtualBox:/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.7.0_51/bin:/c/Program Files/Node-Growl:/c /chocolatey/bin:/c/Program Files/eclipse:/c/MongoDB/bin:/c/Program Files/7-Zip:/ c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application:/c/Program Files (x86)/LibreOffi ce 4/program:/c/Program Files (x86)/OpenOffice 4/program What's happening? Why aren't these files listed with the type command? Is this issue because of weird Windows permissions, or something even weirder? If permissions, why do they seem to have the same permissions, yet both are not handled in the same way?

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  • How should I clean up hung grandchild processes when an alarm trips in Perl?

    - by brian d foy
    I have a parallelized automation script which needs to call many other scripts, some of which hang because they (incorrectly) wait for standard input. That's not a big deal because I catch those with alarm. The trick is to shut down those hung grandchild processes when the child shuts down. I thought various incantations of SIGCHLD, waiting, and process groups could do the trick, but they all block and the grandchildren aren't reaped. My solution, which works, just doesn't seem like it is the right solution. I'm not especially interested in the Windows solution just yet, but I'll eventually need that too. Mine only works for Unix, which is fine for now. I wrote a small script that takes the number of simultaneous parallel children to run and the total number of forks: $ fork_bomb <parallel jobs> <number of forks> $ fork_bomb 8 500 This will probably hit the per-user process limit within a couple of minutes. Many solutions I've found just tell you to increase the per-user process limit, but I need this to run about 300,000 times, so that isn't going to work. Similarly, suggestions to re-exec and so on to clear the process table aren't what I need. I'd like to actually fix the problem instead of slapping duct tape over it. I crawl the process table looking for the child processes and shut down the hung processes individually in the SIGALRM handler, which needs to die because the rest of real code has no hope of success after that. The kludgey crawl through the process table doesn't bother me from a performance perspective, but I wouldn't mind not doing it: use Parallel::ForkManager; use Proc::ProcessTable; my $pm = Parallel::ForkManager->new( $ARGV[0] ); my $alarm_sub = sub { kill 9, map { $_->{pid} } grep { $_->{ppid} == $$ } @{ Proc::ProcessTable->new->table }; die "Alarm rang for $$!\n"; }; foreach ( 0 .. $ARGV[1] ) { print "."; print "\n" unless $count++ % 50; my $pid = $pm->start and next; local $SIG{ALRM} = $alarm_sub; eval { alarm( 2 ); system "$^X -le '<STDIN>'"; # this will hang alarm( 0 ); }; $pm->finish; } If you want to run out of processes, take out the kill. I thought that setting a process group would work so I could kill everything together, but that blocks: my $alarm_sub = sub { kill 9, -$$; # blocks here die "Alarm rang for $$!\n"; }; foreach ( 0 .. $ARGV[1] ) { print "."; print "\n" unless $count++ % 50; my $pid = $pm->start and next; setpgrp(0, 0); local $SIG{ALRM} = $alarm_sub; eval { alarm( 2 ); system "$^X -le '<STDIN>'"; # this will hang alarm( 0 ); }; $pm->finish; } The same thing with POSIX's setsid didn't work either, and I think that actually broke things in a different way since I'm not really daemonizing this. Curiously, Parallel::ForkManager's run_on_finish happens too late for the same clean-up code: the grandchildren are apparently already disassociated from the child processes at that point.

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  • Code golf: Word frequency chart

    - by ChristopheD
    The challenge: Build an ASCII chart of the most commonly used words in a given text. The rules: Only accept a-z and A-Z (alphabetic characters) as part of a word. Ignore casing (She == she for our purpose). Ignore the following words (quite arbitary, I know): the, and, of, to, a, i, it, in, or, is Clarification: considering don't: this would be taken as 2 different 'words' in the ranges a-z and A-Z: (don and t). Optionally (it's too late to be formally changing the specifications now) you may choose to drop all single-letter 'words' (this could potentially make for a shortening of the ignore list too). Parse a given text (read a file specified via command line arguments or piped in; presume us-ascii) and build us a word frequency chart with the following characteristics: Display the chart (also see the example below) for the 22 most common words (ordered by descending frequency). The bar width represents the number of occurences (frequency) of the word (proportionally). Append one space and print the word. Make sure these bars (plus space-word-space) always fit: bar + [space] + word + [space] should be always <= 80 characters (make sure you account for possible differing bar and word lenghts: e.g.: the second most common word could be a lot longer then the first while not differing so much in frequency). Maximize bar width within these constraints and scale the bars appropriately (according to the frequencies they represent). An example: The text for the example can be found here (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll). This specific text would yield the following chart: _________________________________________________________________________ |_________________________________________________________________________| she |_______________________________________________________________| you |____________________________________________________________| said |____________________________________________________| alice |______________________________________________| was |__________________________________________| that |___________________________________| as |_______________________________| her |____________________________| with |____________________________| at |___________________________| s |___________________________| t |_________________________| on |_________________________| all |______________________| this |______________________| for |______________________| had |_____________________| but |____________________| be |____________________| not |___________________| they |__________________| so For your information: these are the frequencies the above chart is built upon: [('she', 553), ('you', 481), ('said', 462), ('alice', 403), ('was', 358), ('that ', 330), ('as', 274), ('her', 248), ('with', 227), ('at', 227), ('s', 219), ('t' , 218), ('on', 204), ('all', 200), ('this', 181), ('for', 179), ('had', 178), (' but', 175), ('be', 167), ('not', 166), ('they', 155), ('so', 152)] A second example (to check if you implemented the complete spec): Replace every occurence of you in the linked Alice in Wonderland file with superlongstringstring: ________________________________________________________________ |________________________________________________________________| she |_______________________________________________________| superlongstringstring |_____________________________________________________| said |______________________________________________| alice |________________________________________| was |_____________________________________| that |______________________________| as |___________________________| her |_________________________| with |_________________________| at |________________________| s |________________________| t |______________________| on |_____________________| all |___________________| this |___________________| for |___________________| had |__________________| but |_________________| be |_________________| not |________________| they |________________| so The winner: Shortest solution (by character count, per language). Have fun! Edit: Table summarizing the results so far (2012-02-15) (originally added by user Nas Banov): Language Relaxed Strict ========= ======= ====== GolfScript 130 143 Perl 185 Windows PowerShell 148 199 Mathematica 199 Ruby 185 205 Unix Toolchain 194 228 Python 183 243 Clojure 282 Scala 311 Haskell 333 Awk 336 R 298 Javascript 304 354 Groovy 321 Matlab 404 C# 422 Smalltalk 386 PHP 450 F# 452 TSQL 483 507 The numbers represent the length of the shortest solution in a specific language. "Strict" refers to a solution that implements the spec completely (draws |____| bars, closes the first bar on top with a ____ line, accounts for the possibility of long words with high frequency etc). "Relaxed" means some liberties were taken to shorten to solution. Only solutions shorter then 500 characters are included. The list of languages is sorted by the length of the 'strict' solution. 'Unix Toolchain' is used to signify various solutions that use traditional *nix shell plus a mix of tools (like grep, tr, sort, uniq, head, perl, awk).

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  • Unknown error sourcing a script containing 'typeset -r' wrapped in command substitution

    - by Bernard Assaf
    I wish to source a script, print the value of a variable this script defines, and then have this value be assigned to a variable on the command line with command substitution wrapping the source/print commands. This works on ksh88 but not on ksh93 and I am wondering why. $ cat typeset_err.ksh #!/bin/ksh unset _typeset_var typeset -i -r _typeset_var=1 DIR=init # this is the variable I want to print When run on ksh88 (in this case, an AIX 6.1 box), the output is as follows: $ A=$(. ./typeset_err.ksh; print $DIR) $ echo $A init When run on ksh93 (in this case, a Linux machine), the output is as follows: $ A=$(. ./typeset_err.ksh; print $DIR) -ksh: _typeset_var: is read only $ print $A ($A is undefined) The above is just an example script. The actual thing I wish to accomplish is to source a script that sets values to many variables, so that I can print just one of its values, e.g. $DIR, and have $A equal that value. I do not know in advance the value of $DIR, but I need to copy files to $DIR during execution of a different batch script. Therefore the idea I had was to source the script in order to define its variables, print the one I wanted, then have that print's output be assigned to another variable via $(...) syntax. Admittedly a bit of a hack, but I don't want to source the entire sub-script in the batch script's environment because I only need one of its variables. The typeset -r code in the beginning is the error. The script I'm sourcing contains this in order to provide a semaphore of sorts--to prevent the script from being sourced more than once in the environment. (There is an if statement in the real script that checks for _typeset_var = 1, and exits if it is already set.) So I know I can take this out and get $DIR to print fine, but the constraints of the problem include keeping the typeset -i -r. In the example script I put an unset in first, to ensure _typeset_var isn't already defined. By the way I do know that it is not possible to unset a typeset -r variable, according to ksh93's man page for ksh. There are ways to code around this error. The favorite now is to not use typeset, but just set the semaphore without typeset (e.g. _typeset_var=1), but the error with the code as-is remains as a curiosity to me, and I want to see if anyone can explain why this is happening. By the way, another idea I abandoned was to grep the variable I need out of its containing script, then print that one variable for $A to be set to; however, the variable ($DIR in the example above) might be set to another variable's value (e.g. DIR=$dom/init), and that other variable might be defined earlier in the script; therefore, I need to source the entire script to make sure I all variables are defined so that $DIR is correctly defined when sourcing.

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  • Doing XML extracts with XSLT without having to read the whole DOM tree into memory?

    - by Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen
    I have a situation where I want to extract some information from some very large but regular XML files (just had to do it with a 500 Mb file), and where XSLT would be perfect. Unfortunately those XSLT implementations I am aware of (except the most expensive version of Saxon) does not support only having the necessary part of the DOM read in but reads in the whole tree. This cause the computer to swap to death. The XPath in question is //m/e[contains(.,'foobar') so it is essentially just a grep. Is there an XSLT implementation which can do this? Or an XSLT implementation which given suitable "advice" can do this trick of pruning away the parts in memory which will not be needed again? I'd prefer a Java implementation but both Windows and Linux are viable native platforms. EDIT: The input XML looks like: <log> <!-- Fri Jun 26 12:09:27 CEST 2009 --> <e h='12:09:27,284' l='org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase' z='1246010967284' t='ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]' v='10000'> <m>Registering Catalina:type=Manager,path=/axsWHSweb-20090626,host=localhost</m></e> <e h='12:09:27,284' l='org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase' z='1246010967284' t='ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]' v='10000'> <m>Force random number initialization starting</m></e> <e h='12:09:27,284' l='org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase' z='1246010967284' t='ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]' v='10000'> <m>Getting message digest component for algorithm MD5</m></e> <e h='12:09:27,284' l='org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase' z='1246010967284' t='ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]' v='10000'> <m>Completed getting message digest component</m></e> <e h='12:09:27,284' l='org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase' z='1246010967284' t='ContainerBackgroundProcessor[StandardEngine[Catalina]]' v='10000'> <m>getDigest() 0</m></e> ...... </log> Essentialy I want to select some m-nodes (and I know the XPath is wrong for that, it was just a quick hack), but maintain the XML layout. EDIT: It appears that STX may be what I am looking for (I can live with another transformation language), and that Joost is an implementation hereof. Any experiences? EDIT: I found that Saxon 6.5.4 with -Xmx1500m could load my XML, so this allowed me to use my XPaths right now. This is just a lucky stroke so I'd still like to solve this generically - this means scriptable which in turn means no handcrafted Java filtering first. EDIT: Oh, by the way. This is a log file very similar to what is generated by the log4j XMLLayout. The reason for XML is to be able to do exactly this, namely do queries on the log. This is the initial try, hence the simple question. Later I'd like to be able to ask more complex questions - therefore I'd like the query language to be able to handle the input file.

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  • Dual Boot issues with Windows 7 and Ubuntu

    - by Michael
    I'm finding myself in a rather unique situation. I've read through just about every resource I can find about this and while things have helped me understand some background, I haven't yet been able to find a solution. So I'm asking here. I originally had just a Windows 7 64-bit OS installation on my desktop. Learning that I couldn't do anything with Apache, PHP and MySql from within a 64-bit system, I did some research and found out that I could use Ubuntu. I've installed the latest version: 11.04. I created a CD to install Ubuntu from and the install went just fine. I installed it side-by-side with Windows 7. I can boot into Ubuntu just fine through the dual-boot option. When I reboot to load Windows though, the Grub2 list shows Windows 7 (loader) and when I select this option the Windows System Recovery loads instead of the actual OS. I haven't made it past there because I didn't know what to do. I just shut the computer down and rebooted into Ubuntu. I've been working for the last hour and a half to try to figure out how to boot into the Windows 7 OS and I haven't got a clue. While I'm somewhat proficient with Windows 7, I'm totally new to Ubuntu, so if you do know what needs to happen, please keep it simple enough that I'll be able to understand. Thanks for all your help in advance. Here's the results after using the Boot Info Script: Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010 ============================= Boot Info Summary: ============================== => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on the same drive in partition #5 for cbh. => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb => Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif and looks on the same drive in partition #5 for cbh. sda1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sda2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sda3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy sdb1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD sdb2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: sdb3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /boot/BCD sdb4: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb5: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 11.04 Boot files/dirs: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb6: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: pdc_bdadcfbdif1: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD pdc_bdadcfbdif2: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files/dirs: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe pdc_bdadcfbdif3: _________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: Mounting failed: fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy fuse: mount failed: Device or resource busy mount: unknown filesystem type '' =========================== Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS Drive: sdb ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb2 206,911 1,342,554,688 1,342,347,778 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb3 1,930,344,448 1,953,521,663 23,177,216 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb4 1,342,556,158 1,930,344,447 587,788,290 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1,342,556,160 1,896,806,399 554,250,240 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1,896,808,448 1,930,344,447 33,536,000 82 Linux swap / Solaris Drive: pdc_bdadcfbdif ___________________ _____________________________________________________ Disk /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: 750.0 GB, 749999947776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91182 cylinders, total 1464843648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start End Size Id System /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 * 2,048 206,847 204,800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 206,911 1,440,372,735 1,440,165,825 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 1,440,372,736 1,464,856,575 24,483,840 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3 ends after the last sector of /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif blkid -c /dev/null: ____________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda1 888E54CC8E54B482 ntfs SYSTEM /dev/sda2 C2766BF6766BEA1D ntfs OS /dev/sda3 BE6CA31D6CA2CF87 ntfs HP_RECOVERY /dev/sda promise_fasttrack_raid_member /dev/sdb1 20B65685B6565B7C ntfs SYSTEM /dev/sdb2 B4467A314679F508 ntfs HP /dev/sdb3 6E10B7A410B77227 ntfs FACTORY_IMAGE /dev/sdb4: PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sdb5 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ext4 /dev/sdb6 1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d swap /dev/sdb: PTTYPE="dos" error: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory error: /dev/sdc: No medium found error: /dev/sdd: No medium found error: /dev/sde: No medium found error: /dev/sdf: No medium found error: /dev/sdg: No medium found ============================ "mount | grep ^/dev output: =========================== Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sdb5 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) =========================== sdb5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm fi terminal_output gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc- affa-2092be035f0c ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c echo 'Loading Linux 2.6.38-8-generic-pae ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae root=UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos5)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sdb1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 20B65685B6565B7C chainloader +1 } menuentry "Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sdb3)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(/dev/sdb,msdos3)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6E10B7A410B77227 drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### =============================== sdb5/etc/fstab: =============================== # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sdb5 during installation UUID=266f9801-cf4f-4acc-affa-2092be035f0c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation UUID=1df35749-a887-45ff-a3de-edd52239847d none swap sw 0 0 =================== sdb5: Location of files loaded by Grub: =================== 900.1GB: boot/grub/core.img 825.0GB: boot/grub/grub.cfg 688.7GB: boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic-pae 688.0GB: boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic-pae 688.7GB: initrd.img 688.0GB: vmlinuz =========================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc ======================= Unknown BootLoader on pdc_bdadcfbdif3 =======Devices which don't seem to have a corresponding hard drive============== sdc sdd sde sdf sdg =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory hexdump: /dev/mapper/pdc_bdadcfbdif3: No such file or directory ERROR: dos: partition address past end of RAID device

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