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• build a Database from Ms Word list information...

  - by Jayron Soares

  Please someone can advise me how to approach a given problem: I have a sequential list of metadata in a document in MS Word. The basic idea is create a python algorithm to iterate over of the information, retrieving just the name of PROCESS, when is made a queue, from a database. for example. Process: Process Walker (1965) Exact reference: Walker Process Equipment., nc. v. Food Machinery Corp.. Link: http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=382&invol= Type of procedure: Certiorari To The United States Court of Appeals for the SeventhCircuit. Parties: Walker Process Equipment, Inc. Sector: Systems is … Start Date: October 12-13 Arguedas, 1965 Summary: Food Machinery Company has initiated a process to stop or slow the entry of competitors through the use of a patent obtained by fraud. The case concerned a patenton "knee ction swing diffusers" used in aeration equipment for sewage treatment systems, and the question was whether "the maintenance and enforcement of a patent obtained by fraud before the patent office" may be a basis for antitrust punishment. Report of the evolution process: petitioner, in answer to respond .. Importance: a) First case which established an analysis for the diagnosis of dispute… There are about 200 pages containing the information above. I have in mind the idea of creating an algorithm in python to be able to break this information sequenced and try to store them in a web database[open source application that I’m looking for] in order to allow for free consultations ...

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• How do I completely self study computer science?

  - by Optimus

  Being a completely self taught programmer I would like it if I could better myself by self-learning computer science course taught to a typical CS grad. Finding different resources on internet has been easy, there is of course MIT open course ware, and there are Coursera courses from Stanford and other universities. There are numerous other open resources scattered around the Internet and some good books that are repeatedly recommended. I have been learning a lot but my study is heavily fragmented, which really bugs me, I would love If somewhere I could find a path I should follow and a stack I should limit myself to so that I can be sure about what essential parts of computer science I have studied and systematically approach those I haven't. The problem with Wikipedia is it doesn't tell you whats essential but insists on being a complete reference. MIT open course ware for Computer science and Electrical Engg. has a huge list of courses also not telling you what courses are essential and what optional as per person's interest/requirement. I found no mention of an order in which one should study different subjects. What I would love is to create a list that I can follow like this dummy one SUBJECTS DONE Introduction to Computer Science * Introduction to Algorithms * Discrete Mathematics Adv. Discrete Mathematics Data structures * Adv. Algorithms ... As you can clearly see I have little idea of what specific subjects computer science consists of. It would be hugely helpful even if some one pointed out essential courses from MIT Course ware ( + essential subjects not present at MIT OCW) in a recommended order of study. I'll list the Posts I already went through (and I didn't get what I was looking for there) Computer science curriculum for non-CS major? - top answer says it isn't worth studying cse How can a self-taught programmer learn more about Computer Science? - points to MIT OCW Studying computer science - what am I getting myself into? Overview of computer science, programming

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• Where do we put "asking the world" code when we separate computation from side effects?

  - by Alexey

  According to Command-Query Separation principle, as well as Thinking in Data and DDD with Clojure presentations one should separate side effects (modifying the world) from computations and decisions, so that it would be easier to understand and test both parts. This leaves an unanswered question: where relatively to the boundary should we put "asking the world"? On the one hand, requesting data from external systems (like database, extental services' APIs etc) is not referentially transparent and thus should not sit together with pure computational and decision making code. On the other hand, it's problematic, or maybe impossible to tease them apart from computational part and pass it as an argument as because we may not know in advance which data we may need to request.

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• DAL Exception handling in a MVP application

  - by Chathuranga

  In a MVP win forms application I'm handling exceptions as follows in DAL. Since the user messaging is not a responsibility of DAL, I want to move it in to my Presentation class. Could you show me a standard way to do that? public bool InsertAccount(IBankAccount ba) { string selectStatement = @"IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT ac_no FROM BankAccount WHERE ac_no=@ac_no) BEGIN INSERT INTO BankAccount ..."; using (SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(db.ConnectionString)) { using (SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(selectStatement, sqlConnection)) { try { sqlConnection.Open(); sqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@ac_no", SqlDbType.Char).Value = ba.AccountNumber; // // sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); return true; } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show(("Error: " + e.Message)); } if (sqlConnection.State == System.Data.ConnectionState.Open) sqlConnection.Close(); return false; } } }

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• Should we enforce code style in our large codebase?

  - by eighttrackmind

  By "code style" I mean 2 things: Style, eg. // bad if(foo){ ... } // good if (foo) { ... } Conventions and idiomaticity, where two ways of writing the same thing are functionally equivalent, but one is more idiomatic. eg. // bad if (fooLib.equals(a, b)) { ... } // good if (a == b) { ... } I think it makes sense to use an auto-formatter to enforce #1 automatically. So my question is specifically about #2. I like to break things down into pros and cons, here's what I've come up with so far: Pros: Used by many large codebases (eg. Google, jQuery) Helps make it a bit easier to work on new areas of the codebase Helps make code more portable (this is not necessarily true) Code style is automatic once you get used to it Makes it easier to fast-decline pull requests Cons: Takes engineers’ and code reviewers’ time away from more important things (like developing features) Code should ideally be rewritten every 2-3 years anyway, so it’s more important to focus on getting the architecture right, and achieving high test coverage Adds strain to code reviews (eg. “don’t do it this way, I like this other way better”) Even if I’ve been using a code style for a while, I still sometime have to pause and think about how to write a line better Having an enforced, uniform code style makes it hard to experiment with potentially better styles Maintaining a style guide takes a lot of incremental effort Engineers rarely read through the style guide. More often, it's cited in code reviews And as a secondary question: we also have many smaller repositories - should the same code style be enforced there?

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• Advise on career development [closed]

  - by Mike Young

  I am an amateur programmer working at a start-up. I didn't try coding at college. I've been working for 2 months now on web development. I'm satisfied with my progress. My project will go live soon. I work on front-end and my colleague integrates my work in his. So I decided to learn back-end technologies so that I would be able to work on a project from scratch, help my company build up. I recently got to know about the technologies used by fb and was fascinated to learn ,work on them,keep motivating myself. Now I want to work on building a product from scratch, be good at database concepts, a language like ruby or python, and get to know load balancing, dynamic requests from servers, hosting a website, real time communication, secured login, implementing sophisticated search feature for the app, using git by the end of the project.I would like to be a full stack developer in due course of time and learn everything in detail. I decide to keep myself out of time frame, learn every concept in detail.I would like to use both rdbms and non relational dbm for the project. I have no experience except some beginner knowledge in html5,css and JavaScript. I would like to get some advice on how to proceed forward step by step,flow what technologies to pick up and project idea which includes all the above.

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• Wrong encoding in DataReceivedEventArgs

  - by user2102508

  I start cmd.exe process and redirect stdin to pass script to it and redirect stdout and stderr to read cmd's output. Here is the code of my DataReceivedEventHandler: (o, a) => { if(!String.IsNullOrEmpty(a.Data)) { bw.Write(a.Data.ToUTF8()); bw.Write((byte)'\n'); } } In the code bw is instance of BinaryWriter, ToUTF8 is string extension method, that converts a string to UTF8 encoded byte array. When I use this code in a separate process it works well, however when I use this code as a shared library inside some other process a.Data doesn't contain valid localized characters (like russian characters for example). So how should I convert characters? How to get cmd's OEM encoding? Why does the code works well in a separate process and doesn't work as a shared library inside some other process?

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• C++ skills higher than C skills?

  - by h0b0

  I feel that the often seen C/C++ doesn't really describe my skills in my CV. So I'm planning to separate it into advanced C++ knowledge and mediocre C skills. Do you think this is confusing for the reader? She could think: "C is a subset of C++, so what is this guy trying to tel me?" Well, what I'm trying to tell is: I have done several real world C++ projects while pure C projects where just a hobby thing. Do you agree that a skilled C++ programmer not necessarily is a qualified C guy or do you think that this switch is done easily?

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• Loose Coupling in Object Oriented Design

  - by m3th0dman

  I am trying to learn GRASP and I found this explained (here on page 3) about Low Coupling and I was very surprised when I found this: Consider the method addTrack for an Album class, two possible methods are: addTrack( Track t ) and addTrack( int no, String title, double duration ) Which method reduces coupling? The second one does, since the class using the Album class does not have to know a Track class. In general, parameters to methods should use base types (int, char ...) and classes from the java.* packages. I tend to diasgree with this; I believe addTrack(Track t) is better than addTrack(int no, String title, double duration) due to various reasons: It is always better for a method to as fewer parameters as possible (according to Uncle Bob's Clean Code none or one preferably, 2 in some cases and 3 in special cases; more than 3 needs refactoring - these are of course recommendations not holly rules). If addTrack is a method of an interface, and the requirements need that a Track should have more information (say year or genre) then the interface needs to be changed and so that the method should supports another parameter. Encapsulation is broke; if addTrack is in an interface, then it should not know the internals of the Track. It is actually more coupled in the second way, with many parameters. Suppose the no parameter needs to be changed from int to long because there are more than MAX_INT tracks (or for whatever reason); then both the Track and the method need to be changed while if the method would be addTrack(Track track) only the Track would be changed. All the 4 arguments are actually connected with each other, and some of them are consequences from others. Which approach is better?

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• Challenges in multi-player Android Game Server with RESTful Nature

  - by Kush

  I'm working on an Android Game based on Contract Bridge, as a part of my college Summer Internship project. The game will be multi-player such that 4 Android devices can play it, so there's no BOT or CPU player to be developed. At the time of getting project, I realized that most of the students had already worked on the project but none of their works is reusable now (for variety of reasons like, undocumented code and design architecture, different platform implementation). I have experience working on several open source projects and hence I emphasis to work out on this project such that components I make become reusable as much as possible. Now, as the game is multi-player and entire game progress will be handled on server, I'm currently working on Server's design, since I wanted to make game server reusable such that any client platform can use it, I was previously confused in selecting Socket or REST for Game Server's design, but later finalized to work on REST APIs for the server. Now, since I have to keep all players in-sync while they make movements in game, on server I've planned to use Database which will keep all players' progress, specific for each table (in Bridge, 4 players play on single table, and server will handle many such game tables). I don't know if its an appropriate decision to use database as shared medium to track progress of each game table (let me know if there's an appropriate or better option). Obviously, when game is completed for the table, data for that table on server's database is discarded. Now the problem is that, access to REST service is an HTTP call, so as long as client doesn't make any request, server will remain idle, and consider a situation where A player has played a card on his device and the device requests to apply this change on the server. Now, I need to let rest of the three devices know that the player has played a card, and also update view on their device. AFAIK, REST cannot provide a sort-of Push-notification system, since the connection to the server is not persistent. One solution that I thought was to make each device constantly poll the server for any change (like every 56 ms) and when changes are found, reflect it on the device. But I feel this is not an elegant way, as every HTTP request is expensive. (and I choose REST to make game play experience robust since, a mobile device tends to get disconnected from Internet, and if there's Socket-like persistent connection then entire game progress is subject to lost. Also, portability on client-end is important) Also, imagining a situation where 10 game tables are in progress and 40 players are playing, a server must be capable to handle flooded HTTP requests from all the devices which make it every 56 ms. So I wonder if the situation is assumed as DoS attack. So, explaining the situation, am I going on the right track for the server design? I wanted to be sure before I proceed much further with the code.

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• Java code critique request [closed]

  - by davidk01

  Can you make sense of the following bit of java code and do you have any suggestions for improving it? Instead of writing four almost identical setOnClickListener method calls I opted to iterate over an array but I'm wondering if this was the best way to do it. Here's the code: /* Set up the radio button click listeners so two categories are not selected at the same time. When one of them is clicked it clears the others. */ final RadioButton[] buttons = {radio_books,radio_games,radio_dvds,radio_electronics}; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { final int k = i; buttons[i].setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) { if (buttons[j] != buttons[k]) { buttons[j].setChecked(false); } } } }); }

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• How to structure classes in the filesystem?

  - by da_b0uncer

  I have a few (view) classes. Table, Tree, PagingColumn, SelectionColumn, SparkLineColumn, TimeColumn. currently they're flat under app/view like this: app/view/Table app/view/Tree app/view/PagingColumn ... I thought about restructuring it, because the Trees and Tables use the columns, but there are some columns, which only work in a tree, some who work in trees and tables and in the future there are probably some who only work in tables, I don't know. My first idea was like this: app/view/Table app/view/Tree app/view/column/PagingColumn app/view/column/SelectionColumn app/view/column/SparkLineColumn app/view/column/TimeColumn But since the SelectionColumn is explicitly for trees, I have the fear that future developers could get the idea of missuse them. But how to restructure it probably? Like this: app/view/table/panel/Table app/view/tree/panel/Tree app/view/tree/column/PagingColumn app/view/tree/column/SelectionColumn app/view/column/SparkLineColumn app/view/column/TimeColumn Or like this: app/view/Table app/view/Tree app/view/column/SparkLineColumn app/view/column/TimeColumn app/view/column/tree/PagingColumn app/view/column/tree/SelectionColumn

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• Are there real world applications where the use of prefix versus postfix operators matters?

  - by Kenneth

  In college it is taught how you can do math problems which use the ++ or -- operators on some variable referenced in the equation such that the result of the equation would yield different results if you switched the operator from postfix to prefix or vice versa. Are there any real world applications of using postfix or prefix operator where it makes a difference as to which you use? It doesn't seem to me (maybe I just don't have enough experience yet in programming) that there really is much use to having the different operators if it only applies in math equations. EDIT: Suggestions so far include: function calls //f(++x) != f(x++) loop comparison //while (++i < MAX) != while (i++ < MAX)

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• Anyone knows good references for Machine Learning Algorithms and Image Recognition?

  - by RaymondBelonia

  I need it for my thesis and for some reason I am having a hard time finding decent books or websites for it. My thesis topic is "Classification of Modern Art Paintings using Machine Learning Approach". My goal is to classify examples of modern art paintings to its respective modern art movement(expressionism, realism,etc..) using machine learning approach. Also, suggestions and comments about my thesis are greatly appreciated.

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• Requirement refinement between two levels of specification

  - by user107149

  I am currently working on the definition of the documentation architecture of a system, from customers needs to software/hardware requirements. I encounter a big problem with the level of refinement of requirements. The classic architecture is : PTS -- SSS -- SSDD -- SRS/HRS with PTS : Purshaser Technical Specification SSS : Supplier System Specification SSDD : System Segment Design Description SRS / HRS : Software / Hardware Requirement Specification. Requirements from PTS are reworked in SSS, this document only expressed the needs (no design requirements are defined at this level). Then, the system design is described in SSDD : we allocate requirements from the SSS to functions from the design and functions are then allocated to component (Software or hardware) (we are still at the SSDD level). Finally, for each component, we write one SRS or one HRS. Requirements in SRS or HRS are refinement of requirements from SSS (and traceability matrix are made between these two levels). My problem is the following one : Our system is a complex one, and some of the requirements in the SSS needs to be refined twice to be at the right level in the SRS (means that software people can understand the requirement to make their coding). But, with this document architecture, I can only refine once the requirements from the SSS. The second problem is that only a part of the requirements from the SSS needs to be refined twice. The other part only need one refinement. On the picture below, the green boxes are requirements at the right level for SRS or HRS. And purple boxes are intermediate requirements which can not be included in SSS since they are design requirements. Where can I put these purple requirements ?? Is there someone who has already encountered this problem ? Should I write two documents at SRS level ? Should I include intermediate requirements in SSDD ? Should I includes the two refinement levels (purple and green) in the same SRS document (not sure that's possible since a SRS is only for one component) ??? Thanks for your help and expertise ;-)

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• Software development books are useful, but when to find the time to read them?

  - by user5396

  I have 5 books in my "read-wish-list". When do I read them? I mean I could force myself to use 1 hour during working hours, but this will last for 2 days then someone will ask me to do more "high priority things". One option can be reading at night, but also this has limits, even because I prefer to spend time with kids. Could you please share your experiences? A long term plan is needed of course, it makes no sense to read 5 books in a week, but to continuously read something. For this reason it must not be a stressful thing. It should be easy. It must not be a struggle to find time to read, but it should be done on a continuous regular basis. Somehow this question can be similar to THIS ONE but I want to ask about books. How many if you read books at work for self improvement, not to tackle a specific task?

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• How to run developer team meetings?

  - by Bill Iacocca

  Our team of 10 developers meet weekly. The meetings are rather boring and not particularly useful. What format/agenda do you utilize to have good meetings? We meet weekly in the conference room with pizza provided. The format is we go around the room and list the status of various tasks we are working on and discuss tasks for the next week. Managers will provide an overview of upcoming projects and priorities for the coming months and year ahead. Update The goal of these meeting is more or less - general team building, to share the knowledge of what everyone is working on, and to keep everyone aware of shifting company initiatives. It is not to formally 'hand out' work assignments (that is done via other means).

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• git tagging comments - best practices

  - by Evan

  I've adopted a tagging system of x.x.x.x, and this works fine. However, you also need to leave a comment with your git tag. I've been using descriptions such as "fixes bug Y" or "feature X", but is this the best sort of comment to be leaving? Particularly, what if a tag encompasses several fixes, it seems not to make sense to have a very long tag comment. Does this mean that I should be creating a tag for every bug fix or feature, or should the tag comments be reflective of something else? I have a few ideas that may be good, but I'd love some advice from seasoned git tagging veterans :) For those who prefer specific examples: 1.0.0.0 - initial release 1.0.0.1 - bug fix for issue X 1.0.0.2 - (what if this is a bug fix for multiple issues, the comment would be too long, no?) Another example, in this example, the comments are more or less the same as the tags, it seems redundant. Is there something else we could be describing? https://github.com/osCommerce/oscommerce2/tags

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• Difference Procedural Generation and Random Generation

  - by U-No-Poo

  Today, I got into an argument about the term "procedural generation". My point was that its different from "classic" random generation in the way that procedural is based on a more mathematical, fractal based, algorithm leading to a more "realistic" distribution and the usual randomness of most languages are based on a pseudo-random-number generator, leading to an "unrealistic", in a way, ugly, distribution. This discussion was made with a heightmap in mind. The discussion left me somehow unconvinced about my own arguments though, so, is there more to it? Or am I the one who is, in fact, simply wrong?

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• How would i down-sample a .wav file then reconstruct it using nyquist? - in matlab [closed]

  - by martin

  This is all done in MatLab 2010 My objective is to show the results of: undersampling, nyquist rate/ oversampling First i need to downsample the .wav file to get an incomplete/ or impartial data stream that i can then reconstuct. Heres the flow chart of what im going to be doing So the flow is analog signal - sampling analog filter - ADC - resample down - resample up - DAC - reconstruction analog filter what needs to be achieved: F= Frequency F(Hz=1/s) E.x. 100Hz = 1000 (Cyc/sec) F(s)= 1/(2f) Example problem: 1000 hz = Highest frequency 1/2(1000hz) = 1/2000 = 5x10(-3) sec/cyc or a sampling rate of 5ms This is my first signal processing project using matlab. what i have so far. % Fs = frequency sampled (44100hz or the sampling frequency of a cd) [test,fs]=wavread('test.wav'); % loads the .wav file left=test(:,1); % Plot of the .wav signal time vs. strength time=(1/44100)*length(left); t=linspace(0,time,length(left)); plot(t,left) xlabel('time (sec)'); ylabel('relative signal strength') **%this is were i would need to sample it at the different frequecys (both above and below and at) nyquist frequency.*I think.*** soundsc(left,fs) % shows the resaultant audio file , which is the same as original ( only at or above nyquist frequency however) Can anyone tell me how to make it better, and how to do the various sampling at different frequencies?

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• Taglist: Failed to generate tags for macvim [migrated]

  - by Mohit Jain

  When ever I am trying to open a file in my rails project using macVim. I am geting an error Taglist: Failed to generate tags for ....... But it works perfectly in terminal vim. Why its happening? I am a new bie and just installed everything using this dotvim repo. I installed ctags using these commands that I got from this git $ ctags -R --exclude=.git --exclude=log * ctags: illegal option -- R usage: ctags [-BFadtuwvx] [-f tagsfile] file ... #you need to get new ctags, i recommend homebrew but anything will work $ brew install ctags #alias ctags if you used homebrew $ alias ctags="`brew --prefix`/bin/ctags" #try again! ctags -R --exclude=.git --exclude=log * which ctags on terminal returning, same if i do from vim or gvim using ! (bang): /usr/bin/ctags Can anyone help me?

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• REST Framework - MS Web Api vs the rest of the field

  - by Mike

  I am a .NET developer who is looking into the OSS world for a REST framework similar to Microsoft's Web Api. I'll be starting a personal project soon and need to develop both a web site and an API with the API coming first. I've ruled out Ruby on Rails just because I feel that with my background in C#, I can get up to speed quickly with either a Java or PHP based framework. So far I've looked at Slim (PHP) and JAX-RS and Jersey (Java). Would I want to consider any others? My API will be private at first with a public one on the roadmap. I'll be hosting the API on Heroku or some cloud based service.

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• Can we create desktop application with Ruby?

  - by RAJ ...

  I know the Ruby on Rails framework is only for web development and not suitable for desktop application development. But if a ruby programmer wants to develop a desktop application, is it suitable and preferable to do it with Ruby only (not jRuby, as most of the tutorials are for jRuby)? If yes, please provide some good tutorials. I want to use linux as OS for development. Please suggest something, as I am a ruby developer and wants to develop desktop application.

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• How do I set up pairing email addresses?

  - by James A. Rosen

  Our team uses the Ruby gem hitch to manage pairing. You set it up with a group email address (e.g. [email protected]) and then tell it who is pairing: $ hitch james tiffany Hitch then sets your Git author configuration so that our commits look like commit 629dbd4739eaa91a720dd432c7a8e6e1a511cb2d Author: James and Tiffany <[email protected]> Date: Thu Oct 31 13:59:05 2013 -0700 Unfortunately, we've only been able to come up with two options: [email protected] doesn't exist. The downside is that if Travis CI tries to notify us that we broke the build, we don't see it. [email protected] does exist and forwards to all the developers. Now the downside is that everyone gets spammed with every broken build by every pair. We have too many possible pair to do any of the following: set up actual [email protected] email addresses or groups (n^2 email addresses) set up forwarding rules for [email protected] (n^2 forwarding rules) set up forwarding rules for [email protected] (n forwarding rules for each of n developers) Does anyone have a system that works for them?

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• Open Source but not Free Software (or vice versa)

  - by TRiG

  The definition of "Free Software" from the Free Software Foundation: “Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.” Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. More precisely, it means that the program's users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to anyone anywhere. Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission to do so. The definition of "Open Source Software" from the Open Source Initiative: Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. Integrity of The Author's Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. These definitions, although they derive from very different ideologies, are broadly compatible, and most Free Software is also Open Source Software and vice versa. I believe, however, that it is possible for this not to be the case: It is possible for software to be Open Source without being Free, or to be Free without being Open Source. Questions Is my belief correct? Is it possible for software to fall into one camp and not the other? Does any such software actually exist? Please give examples. Clarification I've already accepted an answer now, but I seem to have confused a lot of people, so perhaps a clarification is in order. I was not asking about the difference between copyleft (or "viral", though I don't like that term) and non-copyleft ("permissive") licenses. Nor was I asking about your personal idiosyncratic definitions of "Free" and "Open". I was asking about "Free Software as defined by the FSF" and "Open Source Software as defined by the OSI". Are the two always the same? Is it possible to be one without being the other? And the answer, it seems, is that it's impossible to be Free without being Open, but possible to be Open without being Free. Thank you everyone who actually answered the question.

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