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• Is there a chroot build script somewhere?

  - by Nils

  I am about to develop a little script to gather information for a chroot-jail. In my case this looks (at the first glance) pretty simple: The application has a clean rpm-install and did install almost all files into a sub-directory of /opt. My idea is: Do a find of all binaries Check their library-dependencies Record the results into a list Do a rsync of that list into the chroot-target-directory before startup of the application Now I wonder - ist there any script around that already does such a job (perl/bash/python)? So far I found only specialized solutions for single applications (like sftp-chroot). Update I see three close-votes for the reason "off topic". This is a question that arose because I have to install that ancient piece of software on a server at work. So if you still feel this is off-topic - leave a comment...

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• Shell Script to Start Mysql Server if not running

  - by user103373

  I have written a shell script to start mysql server & send a mail to admin user if it's restarted via shell script. What i am facing an issue if I run this shell script on terminal it's work perfectly & If same script runs via cronjob it's only sending the mail to the user & problem remains same. Is this problem relates to permission & how can i resolve it. Shell Script-------- #!/bin/bash EMAIL="[email protected]" SERVICE='mysql' if ps ax | grep -v grep | grep $SERVICE > /dev/null then echo "$SERVICE service running, everything is fine" else echo "$SERVICE is not running" /etc/init.d/mysql start cat <<EOF | msmtp -a gmail $EMAIL Subject: "Alert (Test Server) : Mysql Service is not running (Manually Restarted)" Mysql Server Restarted at: `date` EOF EXIT I am using msmtp for sending mail to the user on ubuntu 12.04 Server.

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• Ubuntu - executable file - variable assignment throwing error on script run

  - by newcoder

  I am trying to run a small script - test - on ubuntu box. It is as follows: var1 = bash var2 = /home/test/directory ... ... <some more variable assignments and then program operations here> ... ... Now every time I run it, then it throws errors: root@localhost#/opt/test /opt/test: line 1: var1: command not found /opt/test: line 3: var2: command not found ... ... more similar errors ... Can someone help me understand what is wrong in this script? Many thanks.

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• Find does not work in Expect Send command

  - by Sharjeel Sayed

  I run this bash command to display contents of somefile.cf in a Weblogic domain directory. find $(/usr/ucb/ps auwwx | grep weblogic | tr ' ' '\n' | grep security.policy | grep domain | awk -F'=' '{print $2}' | sed -e 's/weblogic.policy//' -e 's/security\///' -e 's/dep\///' | awk -F'/' '{print "/"$2"/"$3"/"$4"/somefile.cf"}' | sort | uniq) 2> /dev/null -exec ls {} \; -exec cat {} \; I tried incorporating this in an expect script and also escaped some special characters which would throw an error in expect but its still not working. send "echo ; echo 'Weblogic somefile.cf:' ; find \$(/usr/ucb/ps auwwx | grep weblogic | tr ' ' '\n' | grep security.policy | grep domain | awk -F'=' '{print \$2}' | sed -e 's/weblogic.policy//' -e 's/security\\///' -e 's/dep\\///' | awk -F'/' '{print "/"\$2"/"\$3"/"\$4"/somefile.cf"}' | sort | uniq) 2> /dev/null -exec ls {} \\; -exec cat {} \\; ; echo\r" I guess it needs some more escaping of special characters or probably I dint escape the existing ones correctly. Any help would be appreciated.

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• Data in linux FIFO seems lost

  - by Utoah

  Hi, I have a bash script which wants to do some work in parallel, I did this by putting each job in an subshell which is run in the background. While the number of job running simultaneously should under some limit, I achieve this by first put some lines in a FIFO, then just before forking the subshell, the parent script is required to read a line from this FIFO. Only after it gets a line can it fork the subshell. Up to now, everything works fine. But when I tried to read a line from the FIFO in the subshell, it seems that only one subshell can get a line, even if there are apparently more lines in the FIFO. So I wonder why cannot other subshell(s) read a line even when there are more lines in the FIFO. My testing code looks something like this: #!/bin/sh fifo_path="/tmp/fy_u_test2.fifo" mkfifo $fifo_path #open fifo for r/w at fd 6 exec 6 $fifo_path process_num=5 #put $process_num lines in the FIFO for ((i=0; i<${process_num}; i++)); do echo "$i" done &6 delay_some(){ local index="$1" echo "This is what u can see. $index \n" sleep 20; } #In each iteration, try to read 2 lines from FIFO, one from this shell, #the other from the subshell for i in 1 2 do date /tmp/fy_date #If a line can be read from FIFO, run a subshell in bk, otherwise, block. read -u6 echo " $$ Read --- $REPLY --- from 6 \n" /tmp/fy_date { delay_some $i #Try to read a line from FIFO read -u6 echo " $$ This is in child # $i, read --- $REPLY --- from 6 \n" /tmp/fy_date } & done And the output file /tmp/fy_date has content of: Mon Apr 26 16:02:18 CST 2010 32561 Read --- 0 --- from 6 \n Mon Apr 26 16:02:18 CST 2010 32561 Read --- 1 --- from 6 \n 32561 This is in child # 1, read --- 2 --- from 6 \n

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• How to print "Hello, world!" (in every possible way)

  - by Attila Oláh

  Here's what I', trying to do: 1 language: (Python < 3): print "Hello, world!" 2 languages: (Python < 3 & Windows Shell, aka .bat file): rem=""" echo "Hello, world!" exit """ print "Hello, world!" Next step could be something like bash. Since the above one raises an exception, I tried to make it not raise exceptions, like this: rem=""" echo "Hello, world!" exit """ exit="" exit print "Hello, world!" The only issue is, of course, it won't print the hello world. And I really want it to print that hello world for me. Anyone can help with this? Also, any other language would do it, just don't break the previous ones (i.e. the answer still has to be valid Python code and print out the nice hello world greeting when run with Python.) Any ideas are welcome. I'm making this a community wiki so feel free to add ideas to the list.

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• how do I paste text to a line by line text filter like awk, without having stdin echo to the screen?

  - by Barton Chittenden

  I have a text in an email on a windows box that looks something like this: 100 some random text 101 some more random text 102 lots of random text, all different 103 lots of random text, all the same I want to extract the numbers, i.e. the first word on each line. I've got a terminal running bash open on my Linux box... If these were in a text file, I would do this: awk '{print $1}' mytextfile.txt I would like to paste these in, and get my numbers out, without creating a temp file. my naive first attempt looked like this: $ awk '{print $1}' 100 some random text 100 101 some more random text 101 102 lots of random text, all different 103 lots of random text, all the same 102 103 The buffering of stdin and stdout make a hash of this. I wouldn't mind if stdin all printed first, followed by all of stdout; this is what would happen if I were to paste into 'sort' for example, but awk and sed are a different story. a little more thought gave me this: open two terminals. Create a fifo file. Read from the fifo on one terminal, write to it on another. This does in fact work, but I'm lazy. I don't want to open a second terminal. Is there a way in the shell that I can hide the text echoed to the screen when I'm passing it in to a pipe, so that I paste this: 100 some random text 101 some more random text 102 lots of random text, all different 103 lots of random text, all the same but see this? $ awk '{print $1}' 100 101 102 103

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• Cleaning up a sparsebundle with a script

  - by nickg

  I'm using time machine to backup some servers to a sparse disk image bundle and I'd like to have a script to clean up the old back ups and re-size the image once space has been freed up. I'm fairly certain the data is protected because if I delete the old backups by right clicking, I have to enter a password to be able to delete them. To allow my script to be able to delete them, I've been running it as root. For some reason, it just won't run and every file it tries to delete I get rm: /file/: Operation not permitted Here is what I have as my script: #!/bin/bash for server in servername; do /usr/bin/hdiutil attach -mountpoint /path/to/mountpoint /path/to/sparsebundle/$server.sparsebundle/; /bin/sleep 10; /usr/bin/find /path/to/mountpoint -type d -mtime +7 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \; /usr/bin/hdiutil unmount /path/to/mountpoint; /bin/sleep 10; /usr/bin/hdiutil compact /path/to/sparsebundle/$server.sparsebundle/; done exit; One of the problems I thought was causing this was it needed to have a mountpoint specified since the default mount was to /Volumes/Time\ Machine\ Backups/ that's why I created a mountpoint. I also thought that it was trying to delete the files to quickly after mounting and it wasn't actually mounted yet, that's why I added the sleep. I've also tried using the -delete option for find instead of -exec, but it didn't make any difference. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated because I'm out of ideas as to why this won't work.

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• How can I reorder an mbox file chronologically?

  - by Joshxtothe4

  Hello, I have a single spool mbox file that was created with evolution, containing a selection of emails that I wish to print. My problem is that the emails are not placed into the mbox file chronologically. I would like to know the best way to place order the files from first to last using bash, perl or python. I would like to oder by received for files addressed to me, and sent for files sent by me. Would it perhaps be easier to use maildir files or such? The emails currently exist in the format: From [email protected] Fri Aug 12 09:34:09 2005 Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: Fri, 12 Aug 2005 09:34:09 +0900 From: me <[email protected]> User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird 1.0.6 (Windows/20050716) X-Accept-Language: en-us, en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: someone <[email protected]> Subject: Re: (no subject) References: <[email protected]> In-Reply-To: <[email protected]> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Status: RO X-Status: X-Keywords: X-UID: 371 X-Evolution-Source: imap://[email protected]/ X-Evolution: 00000002-0010 Hey the actual content of the email someone wrote: > lines of quotedtext I am wondering if there is a way to use this information to easily reorganize the file, perhaps with perl or such.

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• Extract a specific string from a curl'd result

  - by allentown

  Given this curl command: curl --user-agent "fogent" --silent -o page.html "http://www.google.com/search?q=insansiate" * Spelling is intentionally incorrect. I want to grab the suggestion as my result. I want to be able to either grep into the page.html file perhaps with grep -oE or pipe it right from curl and never store a file. The result should be: 'instantiate' I need only the word 'instantiate', or the phrase, whatever google is auto correcting, is what I am after. Here is the basic html that is returned: <span class=spell style="color:#cc0000">Did you mean: </span><a href="/search?hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=VEMUTMDqGoOINraK3NwL&amp;ved=0CB0QBSgA&amp;q=instantiate&amp;spell=1"class=spell><b><i>instantiate</i></b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=std>Top 2 results shown</span> So perhaps from/to of the string below, which I hope is unique enough to cover all my bases. class=spell><b><i>instantiate</i></b></a>&nbsp;&nbsp; I keep running into issues with greedy grep; perhaps I should run it though an html prettify tool first to get a line break or 50 in there. I don't know of any simple way to do so in bash, which is what I would ideally like this to be in. I really don't want to deal with firing up perl, and making sure I have the correct module. Any suggestions, thank you?

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• Trap SIGPIPE when trying to write without reader

  - by Matt

  I am trying to implement a named-pipe communication solution in BASH between two processes. The first process runs a script which echo something in a named-pipe: send(){ echo 'something' > $NAMEDPIPE } And the second script is supposed to read the named-pipe via another script which contains: while true;do if read line < $NAMEDPIPE;do someCommands fi done Not that the named pipe has been previously created using the traditional command mkfifo $NAMEDPIPE My problem is that the reader script is not always running so that if the writer script try to write in the named-pipe it stay blocked until a reader connect the pipe. I want to avoid this behavior, and a solution would be to trap a SIGPIPE signal. Indeed, according to man 7 signal is supposed to be send when trying to write in a pipe with no reader. So I changed my red function by: read(){ trap 'echo "SIGPIPE received"' SIGPIPE echo 'something' > $NAMEDPIPE } But when I run the reader script, the script stay blocked, and not "SIGPIPE received" appears... Am I mistaking on the signal mechanism or is there any better solution to my problem ? Thank you for your help.

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• ps: Clean way to only get parent processes?

  - by shkschneider

  I use ps ef and ps rf a lot. Here is a sample output for ps rf: PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 3476 pts/0 S 0:00 su ... 3477 pts/0 S 0:02 \_ bash 8062 pts/0 T 1:16 \_ emacs -nw ... 15733 pts/0 R+ 0:00 \_ ps xf 15237 ? S 0:00 uwsgi ... 15293 ? S 0:00 \_ uwsgi ... 15294 ? S 0:00 \_ uwsgi ... And today I needed to retrieve only the master process of uwsgi in a script (so I want only 15237 but not 15293 nor 15294). As of today, I tried some ps rf | grep -v ' \\_ '... but I would like a cleaner way. I also came accross another solution from unix.com's forums: ps xf | sed '1d' | while read pid tty stat time command ; do [ -n "$(echo $command | egrep '^uwsgi')" ] && echo $pid ; done But still a lot of pipes and ugly tricks. Is there really no ps option or cleaner tricks (maybe using awk) to accomplish that?

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• Incremental deploy from a shell script

  - by WishCow

  I have a project, where I'm forced to use ftp as a means of deploying the files to the live server. I'm developing on linux, so I hacked together a bash script that makes a backup of the ftp server's contents, deletes all the files on the ftp, and uploads all the fresh files from the mercurial repository. (and taking care of user uploaded files and folders, and making post-deploy changes, etc) It's working well, but the project is starting to get big enough to make the deployment process too long. I'd like to modify the script to look up which files have changed, and only deploy the modified files. (the backup is fine atm as it is) I'm using mercurial as a VCS, so my idea is to somehow request the changed files between two revisions from it, iterate over the changed files, and upload each modified file, and delete each removed file. I can use hg log -vr rev1:rev2, and from the output, I can carve out the changed files with grep/sed/etc. Two problems: I have heard the horror stories that parsing the output of ls leads to insanity, so my guess is that the same applies to here, if I try to parse the output of hg log, the variables will undergo word-splitting, and all kinds of transformations. hg log doesn't tell me a file is modified/added/deleted. Differentiating between modified and deleted files would be the least. So, what would be the correct way to do this? I'm using yafc as an ftp client, in case it's needed, but willing to switch.

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• Makefile; mirroring a growing tree through a process

  - by Martineau

  I would like to periodically mirror a growing tree, say, from $in to $out, doing a process in between (saving the only file header). As; #!/bin/bash in=./segd out=./db for f in `find $in -name "*.segd"`;do # Deduct output (dir + name) d=`dirname $f|perl -pe 's!'$in'!'$out'!'` n=`basename $f|perl -pe 's!$!_hdr!'` if [ ! -e $d/$n ]; then [ ! -d $d ] && mkdir -p $d; printf "From %s now build %s\n" $f "$d/$n" # Do something, whathever. For example e.g; dd if=$f bs=32 count=1 conv=swab 2>/dev/null|od -x > $d/$n fi done That is about fair. However; to be more robust, for a better synchronization (say if a source file did change or whatever), I would like to use a Makefile, as in; HDR := $(patsubst ./segd/%.segd,./db/%.segd_hdr,$(wildcard ./segd/*.segd)) all: ${HDR} db/%.segd_hdr: ./segd/%.segd echo "Doing" dd if=$< bs=32 count=1 conv=swab 2>/dev/null|od -x > $@ My problem; I cannot code this Makefile to "dive" more deeply within the source ./segd tree. How can we do it and is there a way ? Many thanks for your kind recommendations. PS: The idea will be to later rsync the (smaller) destination tree over a sat connection.

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• Preventing a child process (HandbrakeCLI) from causing the parent script to exit

  - by Chris

  I have a batch conversion script to turn .mkvs of various dimensions into ipod/iphone sized .mp4s, cropping/scaling to suit. Determining the original dimensions, required crop, output file is all working fine. However, on successful completion of the first conversion, HandbrakeCLI causes the parent script to exit. Why would this be? And how can I stop it? The code, as it currently stands: #!/bin/bash find . -name "*.mkv" | while read FILE do # What would the output file be? DST=../Touch/$(dirname "$FILE") MKV=$(basename "$FILE") MP4=${MKV%%.mkv}.mp4 # If it already exists, don't overwrite it if [ -e "$DST/$MP4" ] then echo "NOT overwriting $DST/$MP4" else # Stuff to determine dimensions/cropping removed for brevity HandbrakeCLI --preset "iPhone & iPod Touch" --vb 900 --crop $crop -i "$FILE" -o "$DST/$MP4" > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? != 0 ] then echo "$FILE had problems" >> errors.log fi fi done I have additionally tried it with a trap, but that didn't change the behaviour (although the last trap did fire) trap "echo Handbrake SIGINT-d" SIGINT trap "echo Handbrake SIGTERM-d" SIGTERM trap "echo Handbrake EXIT-d" EXIT trap "echo Handbrake 0-d" 0

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• Optimize Duplicate Detection

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Background This is an optimization problem. Oracle Forms XML files have elements such as: <Trigger TriggerName="name" TriggerText="SELECT * FROM DUAL" ... /> Where the TriggerText is arbitrary SQL code. Each SQL statement has been extracted into uniquely named files such as: sql/module=DIAL_ACCESS+trigger=KEY-LISTVAL+filename=d_access.fmb.sql sql/module=REP_PAT_SEEN+trigger=KEY-LISTVAL+filename=rep_pat_seen.fmb.sql I wrote a script to generate a list of exact duplicates using a brute force approach. Problem There are 37,497 files to compare against each other; it takes 8 minutes to compare one file against all the others. Logically, if A = B and A = C, then there is no need to check if B = C. So the problem is: how do you eliminate the redundant comparisons? The script will complete in approximately 208 days. Script Source Code The comparison script is as follows: #!/bin/bash echo Loading directory ... for i in $(find sql/ -type f -name \*.sql); do echo Comparing $i ... for j in $(find sql/ -type f -name \*.sql); do if [ "$i" = "$j" ]; then continue; fi # Case insensitive compare, ignore spaces diff -IEbwBaq $i $j > /dev/null # 0 = no difference (i.e., duplicate code) if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo $i :: $j >> clones.txt fi done done Question How would you optimize the script so that checking for cloned code is a few orders of magnitude faster? System Constraints Using a quad-core CPU with an SSD; trying to avoid using cloud services if possible. The system is a Windows-based machine with Cygwin installed -- algorithms or solutions in other languages are welcome. Thank you!

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• How can I sandbox Python in pure Python?

  - by Blixt

  I'm developing a web game in pure Python, and want some simple scripting available to allow for more dynamic game content. Game content can be added live by privileged users. It would be nice if the scripting language could be Python. However, it can't run with access to the environment the game runs on since a malicious user could wreak havoc which would be bad. Is it possible to run sandboxed Python in pure Python? If not, are there any open source script interpreters written in pure Python that I could use? The requirements are support for variables, basic conditionals and function calls (not definitions).

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• PowerShell Script to Find and Replace for all Files with a Specific Extension

  - by Brandon

  I have several configuration files on Windows Server 2008 nested like such: C:\Projects\Project_1\project1.config C:\Projects\Project_2\project2.config In my configuration I need to do a string replace like such: <add key="Environment" value="Dev"/> will become: <add key="Environment" value="Demo"/> I thought about using batch scripting, but there was no good way to do this, and I heard that with PowerShell scripting you can easily perform this. I have found examples of find/replace, but I was hoping for a way that would traverse all folders within my C:\Projects directory and find any files that end with the '.config' extension. When it finds one, I want it to replace my string values. Any good resources to find out how to do this or any PowerShell gurus that can offer some insight?

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• Does the Frontier Kernel have a future?

  - by pbreitenbach

  Whatever you think about Dave Winer, Frontier is an incredible piece of software. It includes quite a few advances that have yet to be surpassed: the object database, the database viewer, the scripting environment, the hierarchical-including website generation scheme, the elegant scripting language, the mixing of scripts and compilation, rapid prototyping, built in web server, simple debugger, cross-platform, simple UI, etc. My question: Dave turned Frontier over to open source and there is a Frontier Kernel project. However it is fairly quiet. Does Frontier have a future from here?

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• Ruby on Rails: What are Erubis' disadvantages and why isn't it packaged with Rails by default? How t

  - by williamjones

  I just discovered Erubis, a replacement for the default view renderer for Ruby on Rails. However, from what I can tell from reading about it, it's superior across the board. It is much faster. It has many more options. It can prevent cross site scripting without having to use h. Does this have any disadvantages versus the standard erb renderer? Why isn't this the standard renderer packaged with Rails? Also, the docs for Erubis say to install it just by installing the gem, and then add the following to environment.rb: require 'erubis/helpers/rails_helper' #Erubis::Helpers::RailsHelper.engine_class = Erubis::Eruby # or Erubis::FastEruby Reading the docs, FastEruby seems to be just a faster renderer than Eruby. Why wouldn't it be default and used by everyone? I'm highly interested in using the engine erubis::EscapedEruby which automatically calls h to escape html on fields from the database. Are there any gotchas I should be aware of or does this pretty much solve all cross site scripting?

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• Checking if parsed date is within a date range

  - by Brett Powell

  So I am using a scripting language with c++-like syntax, and I am trying to think of the best way to check if a date is within range. The problem I am running into is that if the current day is in a new month, the check is failing. Here is what my code looks like: if(iMonth >= iStartMonth && iMonth <= iEndMonth) { if(iDay >= iStartDay && iDay <= iEndDay) { if(iYear >= iStartYear && iYear <= iEndYear) { bEnabled = true; return; When I have something like this: Start date: 3 27 2010 End Date: 4 15 2010 Current Date: 3 31 2010 The day check fails because if (iDay <= iEndDay) does not pass. The scripting language doesn't have a lot of time related functions, and I can't compare timestamps because I'm allowing users to put like "03:27:2010" and "04:15:2010" as start/end dates in a config file. I'm assuming I am just not thinking straight and missing an easy fix.

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• How to copy files from local machine to server using SSH file transfer protocol?

  - by morpheous

  I have an Ubuntu 9.10 desktop machine which I use locally. I am setting up a server on a hosting provider. The server will run a very minimal version of Ubuntu server LTS (only LAMP and email server no GUI). I want to write a script (scheduled as a cron job) that will allow me to upload local files onto the server. I want to use [SFTP][1], for security reasons. I am new to shell scripting - but I guess shell scripting is the way to do this (unless I am mistaken). Can anyone provide me with the initial pointers on how to go about writing such a script, in order to SECURELY upload local files to the server? Ideally, I would like to compress the files before the transfer (to save on bandwidth) [1]: http://SSH file transfer protocol

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• Distributing a custom command line tool to enterprise servers

  - by Jeremy Baker

  I've been tasked with building a command line tool that we will be providing to our enterprise customers so that they can use the API to upload data to our platform. The API works with standard cURL requests, so I can do most of the basic functionality with simple bash scripting, although I would like to provide something that is solid and really makes it easy for them to use and I don't know what I don't know. It's been a good 8 years since I've really done any serious sysadmin work. Most of the good tools I use these days are written in Ruby or Python and have a standard distribution process (Gems, for example). However, I know rhel and other platforms have their own package managers. Finally, the question: In today's day and age, what language / distribution method should I consider in order to cover the widest range of platforms without having to build completely different versions for each platform? I'd also love any general feedback you have about building similar projects, or links to projects that you think do a good job of this now and have open source code that I could read. Thanks in advance!

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• How to script GPO in Windows computers without Active Directory?

  - by Peteris Krumins

  Does anyone know how to script GPO for users in a Windows computer that is not on any Active Directory network? I can't use GPMC because it doesn't work without a domain. I have been searching the net for the last couple of hours and all the solutions that I find are related to GPMC. I'd imagine there are some objects in the GPO that are accessible via WMI? Does anyone know anything about that? I was unable to find any information about that. Here is the situation I am trying to script: I have 10 users on the machine, and I want to restrict what they are able to do on the machine. So I created 10 GPOs for each one of them. Now I want to apply a common policy to all of them. The only way to do it is to go through each of the GPO and do it manually. This is too time consuming, therefore I am seeking for a simpler solution. I was unable to find a way to copy GPO from a user to a user. That would make it much easier, I would create a GPO for 1st user, then copy it over to all the other users, but no luck, couldn't find a way to copy GPOs. The other method I tried was creating a GPO for the whole user group but it turns out you can't apply GPO to a group unless you use GPMC, which I can't cause the computer is not on any domain. So I am thinking about scripting this whole process, but again I can't find any examples of how to access particular GPO objects for particular users and modify properties through WMI. Any suggestions on the issue I am having? Thanks!

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• Write STDOUT & STDERR to a logfile, also write STDERR to screen

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I would like to run several commands, and capture all output to a logfile. I also want to print any errors to the screen (or optionally mail the output to someone). Here's an example. The following command will run three commands, and will write all output (STDOUT and STDERR) into a single logfile. { command1 && command2 && command3 ; } > logfile.log 2>&1 Here is what I want to do with the output of these commands: STDERR and STDOUT for all commands goes to a logfile, in case I need it later--- I usually won't look in here unless there are problems. Print STDERR to the screen (or optionally, pipe to /bin/mail), so that any error stands out and doesn't get ignored. It would be nice if the return codes were still usable, so that I could do some error handling. Maybe I want to send email if there was an error, like this: { command1 && command2 && command3 ; } logfile.log 2&1 || mailx -s "There was an error" [email protected] The problem I run into is that STDERR loses context during I/O redirection. A '2&1' will convert STDERR into STDOUT, and therefore I cannot view errors if I do 2 error.log Here are a couple juicier examples. Let's pretend that I am running some familiar build commands, but I don't want the entire build to stop just because of one error so I use the '--keep-going' flag. { ./configure && make --keep-going && make install ; } > build.log 2>&1 Or, here's a simple (And perhaps sloppy) build and deploy script, which will keep going in the event of an error. { ./configure && make --keep-going && make install && rsync -av --keep-going /foo devhost:/foo} > build-and-deploy.log 2>&1 I think what I want involves some sort of Bash I/O Redirection, but I can't figure this out.

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