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How do I recover from a Linux CentOS 4.6 Operating System Crash

- by Greg Omebije

Our x86 Linux server running CentOS4.6 has crashed. The machine boots only to the Grub prompt. We have tried using the "rescue mode" to recover the System, but it hasn't worked. How can we fix this problem, so that the machine boots normally? How can we fix this problem to the point were we can recover our files from the server Our Linux Server Configuration: Dell PowerEdge 1950 Intel Xeon 2 HDD (146GB each) 4GB RAM Hardware and Software raid setup CentOS 4.6 We used Sysrecord to boot the computer: the following are the output of fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 293.3 GB, 292326211584 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 35539 Cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000080 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 17769 142625070 8e Linux LVM

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Oracle parameter array binding from c# executed parallel and serial on different servers

- by redir_dev_nut

I have two Oracle 9i 64 bit servers, dev and prod. Calling a procedure from a c# app with parameter array binding, prod executes the procedure simultaneously for each value in the parameter array, but dev executes for each value serially. So, if the sproc does: select count(*) into cnt from mytable where id = 123; if cnt = 0 then insert into mytable (id) values (123); end if; Assuming the table initially does not have an id = 123 row. Dev gets cnt = 0 for the first array parameter value, then 1 for each of the subsequent. Prod gets cnt = 0 for all array parameter values and inserts id 123 for each. Is this a configuration difference, an illusion due to speed difference, something else?

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zram trimming by writing zero pages

- by qdot

I'm using ZRAM as a backing block device for /tmp filesystem in the following manner: echo 8000000000 > /sys/block/zram0/disksize mkfs.ext4 -O dir_nlink,extent,extra_isize,flex_bg,^has_journal,uninit_bg -m0 \ -b 4096 -L "zram0" /dev/zram0 mount -o barrier=0,commit=240,noatime,nodev,nosuid /dev/zram0 /tmp chmod aogu+rwx /tmp It works out reasonably well for me - however, there is an issue here - when files are removed, they are not zero'ed, so the ZRAM does not remote the compressed pages. Obviously running dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/ZERO bs=1M count={free-space-some-rest}; rm /tmp/ZERO clears it up in the ZRAM - it gets notified of zero-pages and shrinks the store. How can I get ext4 to zero used pages on delete? Also, any other suggestions on how to optimize it?

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Error installing Arch Linux

- by Garethj94

So, I am trying to install Arch Linux on my Acer Aspire 4830tg, but I keep running into problems. Some background knowledge, I am trying to install Arch off a usb stick and I got the iso image using bittorrent. I am also trying to install it alongside of Windows 8 (which is already installed). So when I boot into Arch linux I get this error: :: Mounting '/dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201212' to 'run/archiso/bootmnt' Waiting 30 seconds for device /dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201212 ... ERROR: '/dev/disk/by-label/ARCH_201212' device did not show up after 30 seconds... Falling back to interactive prompt You can try to fix the problem manually, log out when you are finished sh: can't access tty; job control turned off I know that it will work if I run it on a virtual machine but whenever I try to install it on my laptop I keep getting this error. And since you can't register for the Arch forums without a Arch terminal to run their captcha command I can't ask this on their forums.

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How to format DVD-RAM?

- by AndrejaKo

I have few DVD-RAM disks and when using udftools, specifically sudo mkudffs --media-type=dvdram /dev/sr0 where /dev/sr0 is my DVD-RAM drive, I get trying to change type of multiple extents and nothing happens. What should I do? EDIT After trying with dvd+tools, here's what I got: #dvd+rw-format /dev/dvd -format=full -ssa=default * BD/DVD±RW/-RAM format utility by <[email protected]>, version 7.1. * 4.6GB DVD-RAM media detected. * formatting 54.8| And same error as before from mkudffs.

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Is my Windows partition too far down on the disk?

- by Trevor Alexander

I have /boot/ on /dev/sda1 (1GB), followed by my Linux root LVM on /dev/sda2 (1.3GB). Finally, I installed Windows 7 on /dev/sda3 in the remaining 700GB of space. When I select Windows 7 in the grub menu, I get something like the following error and am thrown to grub4dos: find --set-root --ignore-floppies --ignore-cd /bootmgr Error 15: file not found Unable to locate necessary tables for adjustment. None of the options in grub4dos return anything but the above error. I heard that 1TB is the upper limit for locating Windows 7 partitions; is this true? How can I fix the above?

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$HTTP_HOST multiple rewrite

- by nrivoli

I have Apache 2.2, Ubuntu 12. I want to load a different envionment based on my HTTP_HOST, this works for the first domain only, after that I get error 500, " Request exceeded the limit of 10 internal redirects due to probable configuration error. Use 'LimitInternalRecursion' to increase the limit if necessary. Use 'LogLevel debug' to get a backtrace." and I am not able to see my error... RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off RewriteRule ^ - [F] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^server-dev.domain.tld$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /api/dev.php/$1 [L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^server-qa.domain.tld$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /api/qa.php/$1 [L] #RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^localhost$ [NC] #RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /api/localhost.php/$1 [L] I am accesing to https://server-dev.domain.tl/api/whatever https://server-qa.domain.tl/api/whatever

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Linux policy routing - packets not coming back

- by Bugsik

i am trying to set up policy routing on my home server. My network looks like this: Host routed VPN gateway Internet link through VPN 192.168.0.35/24 ---> 192.168.0.5/24 ---> 192.168.0.1 DSL router 10.200.2.235/22 .... .... 10.200.0.1 VPN server The traffic from 192.168.0.32/27 should be and is routed through VPN. I wanted to define some routing policies to route some traffic from 192.168.0.5 through VPN as well - for start - from user with uid 2000. Policy routing is done using iptables mark target and ip rule fwmark. The problem: When connecting using user 2000 from 192.168.0.5 tcpdump shows outgoing packets, but nothing comes back. Traffic from 192.168.0.35 works fine (here I am not using fwmark but src policy). Here is my VPN gateway setup: # uname -a Linux placebo 3.2.0-34-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Thu Nov 15 10:49:02 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux # iptables -V iptables v1.4.12 # ip -V ip utility, iproute2-ss111117 IPtables rules (all policies in table filter are ACCEPT) # iptables -t mangle -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 770K packets, 314M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 767K packets, 312M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 5520 packets, 1920K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 782K packets, 901M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 74 4707 MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner UID match 2000 MARK set 0x3 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 788K packets, 903M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination # iptables -t nat -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 996 packets, 51172 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 7 packets, 432 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1364 packets, 112K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 2302 packets, 160K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 119 7588 MASQUERADE all -- * vpn 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Routing: # ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master lan state UNKNOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: lan: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 00:40:63:f9:c3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.5/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global lan inet6 fe80::240:63ff:fef9:c38f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: vpn: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100 link/none inet 10.200.2.235/22 brd 10.200.3.255 scope global vpn # ip rule show 0: from all lookup local 32764: from all fwmark 0x3 lookup VPN 32765: from 192.168.0.32/27 lookup VPN 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default # ip route show table VPN default via 10.200.0.1 dev vpn 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 # ip route show default via 192.168.0.1 dev lan metric 100 10.200.0.0/22 dev vpn proto kernel scope link src 10.200.2.235 192.168.0.0/24 dev lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.5 TCP dump showing no traffic coming back when connection is made from 192.168.0.5 user 2000 # tcpdump -i vpn tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on vpn, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 65535 bytes ### Traffic from user 2000 on 192.168.0.5 ### 10:19:05.629985 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6887764 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 10:19:21.678001 IP 10.200.2.235.37291 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2868799562, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 6891776 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 ### Traffic from 192.168.0.35 ### 10:23:12.066174 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2294159276, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 4,nop,nop,TS val 557451322 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 10:23:12.265640 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [S.], seq 2521908813, ack 2294159277, win 14480, options [mss 1367,sackOK,TS val 388565772 ecr 557451322,nop,wscale 1], length 0 10:23:12.276573 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451534 ecr 388565772], length 0 10:23:12.293030 IP 10.200.2.235.49247 > 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:480, ack 1, win 8214, options [nop,nop,TS val 557451552 ecr 388565772], length 479 10:23:12.574773 IP 10.100-78-194.akamai.com.http > 10.200.2.235.49247: Flags [.], ack 480, win 7776, options [nop,nop,TS val 388566081 ecr 557451552], length 0

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Serve up PC hard drive as USB mass storage

- by sheepsimulator

Is there a software package available that can serve up a hard-drive internal to a PC and make it available over USB to other USB Master nodes as mass storage? Ex: take your C: or /dev/hda drive on a PC (let's call the computer PC-A), and run a driver program which makes your C: or /dev/hda drive available to external devices as USB mass storage. When you'd hook up another PC (PC-B) to PC-A via USB, it would detect a USB mass storage device, which is C: or /dev/hda on PC-A. Is this even possible? EDIT: I know that there are other ways of making data on a drive available between two different computers (eg. putting PC-A's hdd in a USB-drive-enclosure, or having PC-A make the hdd available via a network share). But I'd like to know if the method that I describe above is even technically possible.

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How to detect hard disk failure?

- by Devator

So, one of my servers has a hard disk failure. It's running software RAID, the system locked up and according to /proc/mdstat (and /var/log/messages), it's really down: Personalities : [raid1] md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1] 104320 blocks [2/1] [_U] md5 : active raid1 sdb5[1] 2104448 blocks [2/1] [_U] md6 : active raid1 sdb6[1] 830134656 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] 143363968 blocks [2/1] [_U] and Nov 5 22:04:37 m38501 smartd[4467]: Device: /dev/sda, not capable of SMART self-check However when I do smartctl -H /dev/sda, it passes the test. It also passes the test with smartctl --test=short /dev/sda. So, is smartctl a broken testing tool, or am I doing something completely off?

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Xen 4.0.1 on Ubuntu 10.10 not booting

- by Disco

I'm trying to get Xen 4.0.1 run as dom0 on a fresh/clean install of 10.10 desktop (x64). Followed the step by step tutorial at http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/Xen4.0 I have the pvops kernel in /boot, also included the ext4 fs support by recompiling the kernel by : make -j6 linux-2.6-pvops-config CONFIGMODE=menuconfig make -j6 linux-2.6-pvops-build make -j6 linux-2.6-pvops-install Here's my grub entry : menuentry 'Xen4' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 insmod ext3 set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 2bf3177a-92fd-4196-901a-da8d810b04b4 multiboot /xen-4.0.gz dom0_mem=1024M loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all module /vmlinuz-2.6.32.27 root=UUID=2bf3177a-92fd-4196-901a-da8d810b04b4 ro module /initrd.img-2.6.32.27 } blkid /dev/sda1 gives the : /dev/sda1: UUID="2bf3177a-92fd-4196-901a-da8d810b04b4" TYPE="ext3" My partition shemes is : /boot (ext3) / (ext4) Whatever option i've tried i end up with : mounting none on /dev failed: no such file or directory And message complaining that it cannot find the device with uuid ... It's taking my hairs out, if somone has a clue ...

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How to add a web folder via command line (Windows)

- by Ryan

I am trying to add a web folder via command line in windows. At first I though I should use the "net use" command, but when I tried I kept getting System error 67: C:net use * http://dev.subdomain.domain.tdl/dav/ the user name for 'dev.restech.niu.edu': correctusername the password for dev.restech.niu.edu: System error 67 has occurred. The network name cannot be found. The url I used works in a browser. It's an Apache dav on basic auth LDAP authentication method being used. Here's the thing... I CAN create a web folder when I use the "Add a network place" wizard. When I do net use, I don't see it listed in the prompt that follows. What utility do I need to use to mount a web folder in command line?

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ubuntu server slowly filling up

- by Crash893

We had our samba server (ubuntu 8.04 ltr) share fill up the other day but when I went to look at it I cant see any of the shares have to much on them we have 5 group shares and then each users has an individual share one users has 22gigs of stuff a few others have 10-20mb of stuff and everyone else is empty so maybe like 26gigs total I deleted a few files yesterday and freed up about 250mb of space today when i checked it it was completely full again and i deleted some older files and freed up about 170mb of stuff but i can watch it slowly creep down in free space. I keep running a df -h Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 241690180 229340500 169200 100% / varrun 257632 260 257372 1% /var/run varlock 257632 0 257632 0% /var/lock udev 257632 72 257560 1% /dev devshm 257632 52 257580 1% /dev/shm lrm 257632 40000 217632 16% /lib/modules/2.6.24-28-generic /volatile what can I do to try to hunt down whats taking up so much of my hdd? (im fairly new to unix in general so i apologize if this is not well explained)

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ubuntu server slowly filling up

- by Crash893

We had our samba server (ubuntu 8.04 ltr) share fill up the other day but when I went to look at it I cant see any of the shares have to much on them we have 5 group shares and then each users has an individual share one users has 22gigs of stuff a few others have 10-20mb of stuff and everyone else is empty so maybe like 26gigs total I deleted a few files yesterday and freed up about 250mb of space today when i checked it it was completely full again and i deleted some older files and freed up about 170mb of stuff but i can watch it slowly creep down in free space. I keep running a df -h Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 241690180 229340500 169200 100% / varrun 257632 260 257372 1% /var/run varlock 257632 0 257632 0% /var/lock udev 257632 72 257560 1% /dev devshm 257632 52 257580 1% /dev/shm lrm 257632 40000 217632 16% /lib/modules/2.6.24-28-generic /volatile what can I do to try to hunt down whats taking up so much of my hdd? (im fairly new to unix in general so i apologize if this is not well explained)

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Compiling the Linux kernel, how much size is needed?

- by ant2009

I have downloaded the newest most stable Linux kernel, 2.6.33.2. I thought I would test this using VirtualBox. So I create a dynamically sized harddisk of 4 GB. And installed CentOS 5.3 with just the minimum packages. I setup the make menuconfig with just the default settings. After that I ran make and got the following error: net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o: final close failed: No space left on device make[2]: *** [net/bluetooth/hci_sysfs.o] Error 1 make[1]: *** [net/bluetooth] Error 2 make: *** [net] Error 2 The amount of space I have left is: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 3.3G 3.3G 0 100% / /dev/hda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm My virtual size is 4 GB, but the actual size is 3.5 GB. $ ls -hl total 7.5G -rw-------. 1 root root 3.5G 2010-04-13 14:08 LFS.vdi How much size should I give when compiling and installing a Linux kernel? Are there any guidelines to follow when doing this? This is my first time, so just experimenting with this.

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How can I view my IIS hosted sites on other machines on my network

- by Truegilly

Hello, at home i have a simple network setup conatining 2 machines and 1 belkin router. On one machine i have a site hosted with IIS7. Rather than the standard localhost/index.htm address i have added an entry in the HOSTS file pointing the local ip (127.0.0.1) to this domain - www.mysite.dev. i can access the site with www.mysite.dev with no problem. what i would like to do is be able to view this site from my other machine on the network. initially i assumed this could be done with a url like so MACHINE-NAME/www.mysite.dev, but the connection always times out. But I can ping MACHINE-NAME without problems. For testing purposes i have diabled the windows firewall on both machines but to no joy. Like a typical web developer, my techy/network skills are pretty poor. Can anyone see where im going wrong ?? thank you for your time Truegilly :)

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Bash preexecute

- by Alex_Bender

I'm trying to write bash command wrapper, which will be patch bash current command on the fly. But i'm faced with the problem. As i'm not a good Shell user, i can't write right expression of variable assignment in string. See bellow: I'm set trap to preexecute, through this: alex@bender:~$ trap "caller >/dev/null || xxx \"\${BASH_COMMAND}"\" DEBUG; I want change variable BASH_COMMAND, do something like BASH_COMMAND=xxx ${BASH_COMMAND} but i don't know, how i need escaping variables in this string NOTE: xxx -- my custom function, which must return some value, if in end of command situated word teststr function xxx(){ # find by grep, if teststr in the end `echo "$1" | grep "teststr$" >/dev/null`; # if true ==> do if [ "$?" == "0" ]; then # cut last 6 chars (len('teststr')==6) var=`echo "$1" | sed 's/......$//'`; echo "$var"; fi } How can i do this stuff?: alex@bender:~$ trap "caller >/dev/null || ${BASH_COMMAND}=`xxx $BASH_COMMAND`" DEBUG;

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Help with running crontab from root

- by user242065

Im using OSX and having trouble getting a cron job to run. I type the following: $ sudo -i $ crontab -e I then enter: * * * * * root ifconfig en0 down > /dev/null 0 19 * * * root ifconfig en0 down > /dev/null 0 7 * * * root ifconfig en0 up > /dev/null and no success, the first line is for testing. I want it to shut off my internet. The next two lines I plan to leave in, once I get this working. If I type this in to the terminal the internet goes off ifconfig en0 down Why is my cron job not shutting down the internet? FYI: This is a follow up question from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3027362/how-can-i-write-a-cron-job-that-will-block-my-internet-from-7pm-to-7am-so-i-can most of the comments there are people making fun of me. And a few attempts to solve the problem with out cron jobs.

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Refresh devices - reconnect CF card drive by script (unplug-plug equivalent)

- by Chris

Hello I plug a completely clean CF-card into my USB card-writer. Then I dd a mbr block of 512 bytes size to the device, which contains the partition table and the definition of one partition. Problem: While "fdisk -l /dev/sdx" correctly displays the partition, it happens that there is no device like "/dev/sdx1" after these operations (as it was not present before). Unplugging and plugging the card-writer solves the problem and makes the device(s) appear. Since I use this procedure in a script, manually unplugging and re-plugging is no option whatsoever. Is there a way to "refresh" the devices or to "unplug and re-plug" the drive by script such that /dev/sdx1 appears? Thanks for any help, Chris

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An SQLite/STDIN Conundrum, Specific to AIX

- by mikfreedman

Hi there! I'm been playing around with SQlite at work, specifically with trying to get the sqlite3 command line tool to accept stdin instead of a file. Sounds easy enough, on linux you can execute a command like: echo 'test' | sqlite3 test.db '.import /dev/stdin test' unfortunately - our machines at work run AIX (5 & 6) and as far as I can tell, there is no equivalent to the virtual file /dev/stdin. I managed to hack together an equivalent command that works on AIX using a temporary file. echo 'test' | cat - > /tmp/blah ; sqlite3 test.db '.import /dev/stdin test' ; rm /tmp/blah Now, does it need to use STDIN? isn't this temporary file thing enough? Probably, but I was hoping someone with better unix-fu had a more elegant solution. note: the data I would like to import is only provided via STDOUT, so that's what the echo 'test' command is all about

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What is this dm-0 device?

- by Jeff Shattock

While poking around trying to figure out why a Linux - Linux file transfer is running slower than I think it should, I stumbled across something I'm not familiar with. /dev/dm-0 seems to be my bottleneck, but I have no idea what it is. On my destination server, the iostat command shows a device at the bottom, /dev/dm-0, as being 100% utilized. This server has 6 disks in a mdadm raid5 set, with LVM running on top of it. Each of the underlying disks are sitting around 50% util. The transfer is writing to a logical volume located on this raidset. What is this /dev/dm-0 thing? Once I know what it is, maybe I can find how to increase its speed, or at least understand why its the speed that it is.

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df shows partition as full, but du shows it as only 25% full

- by Jakobud

I have a humble linux server to do some stuff for me. I only have an old 16gig drive in it. df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 16G 16G 0 100% / /dev/md0 121M 14M 101M 13% /boot tmpfs 502M 0 502M 0% /dev/shm but when I do: du -sh / 3.5G / So one says that my 16G drive is full. The other says only 3.5G is used. Why the discrepancy? I cannot write any new files as it says the drive is indeed full. But if I can't find the files taking up all the space on the file-system, how can I delete them to free up space?

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fsck: FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED after each check with -c, why?

- by Chris

Hi I use a script to partition and format CF cards (connected with a USB card writer) in an automated way. After the main process I check the card again with fsck. To check bad blocks I also tried the '-c' switch, but I always get a return value != 0 and the message "FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED" (see below). I get the same result when checking the very same drive several times... Does anyone know why a) the file system is modified at all and b) why this seems to happen every time I check and not only in case of an error (like bad blocks)? Here's the output: linux-box# fsck.ext3 -c /dev/sdx1 e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Volume (/dev/sdx1): ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** Volume (/dev/sdx1): 5132/245760 files (1.2% non-contiguous), 178910/1959896 blocks Thanks, Chris

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Trying to set up OpenVPN server on a vps

- by Austin

I'm trying to set up an OpenVPN server on my VPS for myself when I'm in public places, using this tutorial, http://tipupdate.com/how-to-install-openvpn-on-ubuntu-vps/ However whenever I try to start the server, it gives me this, root@vps:~# /etc/init.d/openvpn start * Starting virtual private network daemon(s)... * Autostarting VPN 'server' [fail] The log contains this Tue Dec 11 10:53:32 2012 Diffie-Hellman initialized with 1024 bit key Tue Dec 11 10:53:32 2012 /usr/bin/openssl-vulnkey -q -b 1024 -m <modulus omitted> Tue Dec 11 10:53:33 2012 TLS-Auth MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Dec 11 10:53:33 2012 ROUTE: default_gateway=UNDEF Tue Dec 11 10:53:33 2012 Note: Cannot open TUN/TAP dev /dev/net/tun: No such file or directory (errno=2) Tue Dec 11 10:53:33 2012 Note: Attempting fallback to kernel 2.2 TUN/TAP interface Tue Dec 11 10:53:33 2012 Cannot allocate TUN/TAP dev dynamically Tue Dec 11 10:53:33 2012 Exiting So obviously it's something to do with the tun, but I don't understand how to fix it. Thanks!

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Can not boot CentOS VM using VirtIO in KVM

- by Jake

I converted qcow2 image to raw and changed I/O bus to VirtIO for a VM. now I can't boot that VM. I Installed VirtIO driver with following command: mkinitrd --with virtio_pci --with virtio_blk -f /boot/initrd-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r) and these are related kernel modules: virtio_balloon 11329 0 virtio_blk 11593 3 virtio_pci 11845 0 virtio_ring 8513 1 virtio_pci virtio 9541 3 virtio_balloon,virtio_blk,virtio_pci and this is what happens during boot-up. I also changed /boot/grub/device.map from "(hd0) /dev/sda" to "(hd0) /dev/vda" but problem still exists. any ideas how to fix this ? This is my default option to boot: title CentOS (2.6.18-308.13.1.el5) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.13.1.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-308.13.1.el5.img

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