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  • Tell me again why we need both .NET and Windows? Why can't Windows morph into the CLR?

    - by le dorfier
    The same way DOS morphed into Windows? We seem to have ended up supporting and developing for three platforms from Microsoft, and I'm not sure where the boundaries are supposed to lie. Why can't the benefits of the CLR (such as type safety, memory protection, etc.) be built into Windows itself? Or into the browser? Why an entirely other virtual machine? (How may levels of virtual machine indirection are we dealing with now? We just added Silverlight - and before that Flash - running inside the Browser running inside maybe a VM install...) I can see raw Windows for servers, but why couldn't there be a CLR for workstations talking directly to the hardware (or at least not the whole Windows legacy ball and chain)? (ooppp - I've got two questions here. Let's make this - why can't .net be built into Windows? I understand about backward compatibility - but the safety of what's in .NET could be at least optionally in Windows itself, couldn't it? It would just be yet another of many sets of APIs?) Factoid - I recall that one of the competitor architectures selling against MS-DOS on the IBM PC was UCSD-pascal runtime - a VM.

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  • How to force-restart a PC with vPro technology?

    - by Dan Nissenbaum
    I would like to know how to force-restart a PC that has crashed/hung and become completely non-responsive, using 2nd-generation vPro technology. Assume there is a second, fully responsive PC on the same LAN that can be accessed remotely to assist. Specifically, I am considering purchasing a PC with an i7-2860QM CPU, which is vPro-enabled (according to Intel). Here are two links that indicate it should be possible to force-restart a hung system with a 2nd-generation vPro-enabled CPU: Seconds 24-39 of What Is Intel vPro™ Technology? Page 17 (21 of the PDF) of Intel® vPro™ Technology: Reference Guide However, after extensive research, I cannot find a straightforward and trustworthy source of confirmation that this will actually work as I describe, or any documentation about how to set it up. I would appreciate both a reliable confirmation, and a source of documentation. This question is a follow-up to: Wake-on-LAN (WOL) fails after computer crashes (Windows 7 64-bit).

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  • Powering off sends me to "Launch Windows Repair" automatically instead! What do I do?

    - by Jason
    With Windows 2008 R2 Server, I noticed that if I remotely reboot the machine (because it is hung or I think it is hung), the server, when it restarts, defaults to "Launch Windows Repair" (or something similar) rather than "Start Windows Normally". To change it, I have to trek down to the server room and change the boot up otherwise it will go into an endless loop (because I don't have the setup media and DVD-ROM installed). This seems to be new with 2008 R2 because I have not seen it elsewhere. What do I do? How can I remove this or change the default?

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  • Upgrading Sharepoint MOSS 2007 Farm to Sharepoint 2010 "waiting to get a lock to upgrade the farm"

    - by Wes Weeks
    My first inplace upgrade of a MOSS 2007 farm to sharepoint went pretty smooth. I read the preupgrade documentation and was comfortable with the steps.  Since it was a fairly new installation of Moss changes were minimal and I wasn't anticipating too many problems The one issue I got was after installing the software on all of the farm.  I went to the first machine which ran Sharepoint 2010 central administration and ran the Sharepoint 2010 Products Configuration Wizard.  I received the message that I would need to run the configuration on each server in the farm.  Fair enough, I expected as much. The wizard completed without issue on the first server, but when I tried to run it on the others it hung with a "waiting to get a lock to upgrade the farm" message.  It hung for about 10 minutes and then the wizard failed.  Did a few searches on Google and Bing and got 0 results for that message.  None, Nothing, Zilch.  I'm on my own... For grins, hit the help button on the configuration wizard and it seemed to indicate that the configuration wizard needed to be run on all farm servers simultaneously.  I started it again on the first server to the point I got the message about needing to be run on all servers on the farm and then started the wizard on the other servers and ran it to that point as well.  I then clicked ok on the first server and then the subsuquent servers. It took a while and it did hang on the lock message for some time, but then it did kick off and completed succesfully on all of them.  Yeah! Hope this helps someone else!  Now there should be at least one post with this error message on it!

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  • Oracle Applications Day 2012. Experience the Global Innovation of Management Applications

    - by antonella.buonagurio
    1024x768 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} 1024x768 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} 10 ottobre 2012 – Milano, East End Studios | 17 ottobre 2012 - Roma, Officine Farneto Partecipa all’appuntamento dedicato alla comunità di Clienti e Partner per fare networking e condividere le esperienze sulle soluzioni più innovative per affrontare le sfide attuali e future. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} A Milano (10/10/2012) interverranno, tra gli altri:  Enrico Ancona, Amministratore Delegato - Imperia & Monferrina e Business Reply  Massimiliano Gerli, CIO - Amplifon e Michele Paolin, Senior Manager - Deloitte eXtended Business Services A Roma (17/10/2012) interverranno, tra gli altri: Giulio Carone, CFO - Enel Green Power e Claudio Arcudi, Senior Executive - Accenture Gianluca D’Aniello, CIO - Sky e Giorgio Pitruzzello, Manager - Deloitte Consulting Spartaco Parente, EPD Change & Label Control - Abbott e Business Reply Sono inoltre previsti i contributi delle aziende Abbott, Aeroporto di Napoli, Amplifon, Dema Aerospace, Enel Green Power, Fiera Milano, Imperia & Monferrina, La Rinascente, Safilo, Sky, Spal,Technogym, Tiscali e Tivù che parleranno di: Innovation for Human Resources Performance Management Excellence Empower Applications with Technology (Milano) Applications for Public Sector (Roma) Next Generation Global Operations Customer Experience Revolution Oltre dieci Instant Workshop ti permetteranno di conoscere e condividere l’esperienza dei Partner e delle aziende che utilizzano le soluzioni Oracle.In più, oltre dieci Instant Workshop per conoscere e condividere l’esperienza dei Partner e delle aziende che utilizzano con successo le soluzioni Oracle. Iscriviti sul sito Partecipa al concorso fotografico Oracle I.M.A.G.E. e vinci il tuo iPad! Scatta le immagini che per te descrivono i cinque concept dell’evento (Innovation, Management, Applications, Global, Experience) e inviale per e-mail. Per iscriverti al contest visita la pagina Concorso sul sito Non perdere l’evento più “social cool” dell’anno!

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  • ??OSW (OSWatcher Black Box) ????

    - by Feng
       OSWatcher Black Box, ??OSW,?oracle???????????????,?????OS??????????OS??????????,??CPU/Memory/Swap/Network IO/Disk IO?????? +++ ????????OSW? OSW?????????,????????????????,???mrtg, cacti, sar, nmon, enterprise manger grid control. ????OSW?????: 1. ???????,???????2. ???????,????CPU,???????????3. ???????,????????????????????????OS? ???????OS???,??OS?????,?????????????;??????????????????????,???????. ???????,????????:?????????,??????????,????????????(root cause),?????????????????????????,OSW??????,??????: 1. ??????????OS??????????????????????????OSW??,?????????OS??,??????DB/???? 2. ??ORACLE Database Performance???,?????????????OS??????OS?????????????Swapping,???????????????,?????????,???AWR?????????latch/mutex?????? 3. ??????????????AWR??????????,top5??????????;?CPU,??,Swap, Disk IO?????????????OSW??????????,????????????????????????OSW???,??????????????? 4. ?????ORA-04030?????CJQ0, P00X, J00X?????????,???????OSW,???????????????????OS????????? 5. ????server process??hung?,??????OSW????????????????suspend???,?????????CPU/Memory? 6. ??Listener hung???,?????OSW??????????????? 7. Login Storm??:????????????,????,????ASH,AWR????????????????OSW?ps?????,??????, oracle ?server process????????? ???,OSW????????????????????OS?????????????,??????DBA???OSW??????????????OSW,????DB Performance????,????????OSW???? +++ ?????OSW??????: 1. ??????????????,???????,???????? 2. OSW???????? OSW??????????????OS???????,??ps, vmstat, netstat, mpstat, top;????????????????? ?????????CPU, Disk IO, Disk Space, Memory;???????????????,??????????????????????????,??OSW????????:?????????,CPU????90%??;???free space???????????????????????????,??OSW????????? +++ ????????UNIX/LINUX???/??OSW: 1. ???301137.1???OSW 2. ????????(/tmp??),??????????root?? $ tar xvf osw.tar 3. ?? $ nohup ./startOSWbb.sh 60 48 gzip & ????????,??OSW,????60???????,???????48?????(??????????),???????gzip?????? 4. ????? $ ./stopOSWbb.sh ?????????archive???? ????????????????????OSW???????,???????

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  • ????????????3?????

    - by Feng
    ?? ??blog?????oracle????????????,??????????????,??????: ?????????. ???????: ??????????,????????; ????????????,?” ???”??. 1. OS swapping/paging ??????concurrency??????? Oracle?????????, ??latch/mutex???????”?”,??????????????/???(????????????,??????????????????). ????OS??????swapping/paging????,???????????,??latch/mutex???????,????????????hung/slow???. ??swapping/paging??????: a). ???? b). ??????; ?????, ?????????????? c). ?????/????? ????????????????? ???????: Lock SGA, ??SGA(???latch/mutex)???pin???????swapping???. ???SGA??????,????large page(hugepage)??,??latch/mutex??/?????. 2. SGA resizing?????????? ?AMM/ASMM??????????, shared pool?buffer cache?????component????????????,??ora-4031???.??????????,???????resize????????????(?latch/mutex?????)?????, ?????????latch/mutex??. ????shared pool?resize??????,??latch/mutex???????. ?????????:  ?????bug; ???????????,??resize???????????????,???????????. ??bug?fix??????????impact, ???????????. ???????: 1). ??buffer cache?shared pool??(???????????,?????????) 2). ??resize???????16?? alter system set "_memory_broker_stat_interval"=999; Disable AMM/ASMM?????????,?????: ??ora-4031????????????. 3. DDL?????????? ??????????????????. ???????????DDL (??grant, ?????, ????????),???????????SQL?????invalidate?;????????SQL????????????,?????????hard parse ? SQL??????. ??????? “hardparse storm”, latch/mutex????????, ??library cache lock/row cache lock????; ??????????slow/hung. ???????: ???????????DDL ??????????,???????????,?? “????????????3?????"?

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  • Try to delete files used by IIS

    - by Cédric Boivin
    I got a service coded in c# whoes deleted somes web site files hosted on iis, before an update. But sometime when i delete the files, they stay there. If I try to delete them manually, via explorer, the file are not deletable, because they are in state "Delete pending". There is the way my service try to delete the file try { // Enlève tout les attributs sur le fichiers afin de s'assurer que le fichier n'est pas en lecture seul File.SetAttributes(file, FileAttributes.Normal); // Supprime le fichier File.Delete(file); } It's there a way to avoid this state ? What can i do to force the delete by c# code? Could i release all process to the file by c# code ? The environnement is IIS 7.5 Windows 2008-r2 .net 4.0 Thanks

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  • Oracle annuncia la nuova release di Oracle Hyperion EPM System

    - by Stefano Oddone
    Lo scorso 4 Aprile, durante l'Oracle Open World tenutosi a Tokyo, Mark Hurd, Presidente di Oracle, ha annunciato l'imminente rilascio della release 11.1.2.2 di Oracle Hyperion Enterprise Performance Managent System, la piattaforma leader nel mercato mondiale dell'EPM. La nuova release introduce un insieme estremamente significativo di nuovi moduli, migliorie a moduli esistenti, evoluzioni tecnologiche e funzionali che incrementano ulteriormente il valore ed il vantaggio competitivo fornito dall'offerta Oracle. Tra le principali novità in evidenza: introduzione del nuovo modulo Oracle Hyperion Project Financial Planning, verticalizzazione per la pianificazione economico-finanziaria, il funding ed il budgeting di progetti, iniziative, attività, commesse arricchimento di Oracle Hyperion Planning con funzionalità built-in a supporto del Predictive Planning e del Rolling Forecast per supportare processi di budgeting e forecasting sempre più flessibili, frequenti ed efficaci introduzione del nuovo modulo Oracle Account Reconciliation Manager per la gestione dell'intero ciclo di vita delle attività di riconciliazione dei conti tra General Ledger e Sub-Ledger o tra sistemi contabili differenti arricchimento di Oracle Hyperion Financial Management con un'interfaccia web totalmente nuova e l'introduzione della Smart Dimensionality, ovvero la possibilità di definire modelli con più delle 12 dimensioni "canoniche" tipiche delle releases precedenti, con una gestione ottimizzata di query e calcoli in funzione della cardinalità delle dimensioni in gioco arricchimento di Oracle Hyperion Profitability & Cost Management con funzionalità di Detailed Profitability, ovvero la possibilità di implementare modelli di costing e profittabilità in presenza di dimensioni ad altissima cardinalità quali, ad esempio, gli SKU delle industrie Retail e Distribution, i clienti delle Banche Retail e delle Telco, le singole utente delle Utilities. arricchimento di Oracle Hyperion Financial Data Quality Management, in particolare della componente ERP Integrator, con estensione delle integrazioni pre-built verso SAP Financials e JD Edwards Enterprise One Financials introduzione di Oracle Exalytics, il primo engineered system specificatamente progettato per l'In-Memory Analytics che permette di ottenere performance di calcolo e di analisi senza precedenti al crescere dei volumi di dati, delle dimensioni dei modelli e della concorrenza degli utenti, supportando così processi di Business Intelligence, Planning & Budgeting, Cost Allocation sempre più articolati e distribuiti Il prossimo 19 Aprile nella sede Oracle di Cinisello Balsamo (MI) si terrà un evento dove verranno presentate in dettaglio le novità introdotte dalla nuova release dell'EPM System; l'evento sarà replicato il 3 Maggio nella sede Oracle di Roma. L'evento è pubblico e gratuito, chi fosse interessato può registrarsi qui. Per ulteriori informazioni potete fare riferimento alla Press Release Ufficiale Qui potete rivedere l'intervento di Mark Hurd all'Open World sulla Strategia Oracle per il Business Analytics

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  • Visual Studio Talk Show #118 is now online - Command-Query Responsibility Separation (French)

    - by guybarrette
    http://www.visualstudiotalkshow.com Erik Renaud: La séparation des responsabilités entre les commandes et les requêtes Nous discutons avec Erik Renaud de la séparation des responsabilités entre les commandes et les requêtes (Command-Query Responsibility Separation - CQRS). La plupart des applications lisent les données beaucoup plus fréquemment qu'ils font des écritures. Sur la base de cette déclaration, une bonne idée consiste à séparer le code qui est responsable de l’écriture des données du code qui est responsable des requêtes (lecture). Erik Renaud est un coach .NET et co-fondateur de nVentive, une société conseil qui aide les équipes de développement logiciel au moyen de « coaching » et de « guidance ». Ses mandats courants se concentrent dans les grandes institutions financières en créant de nouvelles équipes qui supportent directement leurs activités primaires. Erik cumule plus de 10 ans d’expérience en développement logiciel, en faisant du coaching pour des équipes pour des besoins en architecture, modélisation et analyse. Pour la seconde année, il a reçu de Microsoft la reconnaissance MVP. Il est un ScrumMaster certifié, ce qui l’aide à guider les équipes vers le succès, et offre souvent des formations pour les technologies orientées objet. Il peut être rejoint au [email protected], ou vu tout partout où le kendo est pratiqué. var addthis_pub="guybarrette";

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  • Hub Forum - Connecting Digital Influencers - Paris 10 & 11 Octobre 2013

    - by Louisa Aggoune
    ORACLE a sponsorisé la 4ème édition du HUB FORUM qui s'est déroulé à l'Espace Pierre Cardin. Les 10,11 oct 2013, plus de 1200 leaders du digital, de la communication, du marketing, de la publicité et de l'innovation se réunissaient pour 2 jours de Conférence lors de la 4ème édition du HUBFORUM Paris, organisé par le HUB Institute.C'est l'évènement qui rassemble les décideurs du monde du digital et leur propose de rencontrer les meilleurs experts en communication du moment mais aussi d’échanger autour des pratiques qui ont fait leurs preuves. Il offre une occasion exceptionnelle de parler du futur du marketing digital, des nouvelles technologies et des médias. Le HUB FORUM en chiffre c'est:- 18 580 mentions- 3 520 vues du live- 80 speakers- 1 200 participants Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} A cette occasion, Pascal Hary - Directeur du Développement des Ventes eXperience Client & Social Europe, a animé une conférence sur le thème  #Social Trend 2014. Pour découvrir l'album photo: https://www.facebook.com/hubforum

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  • Wrong data retrieved from database

    - by holyredbeard
    So, I want to retrieve the order of the elements of a list. The order is set before by the user, and are stored in the table below. Because I also want to retrieve name and description of the list elements I need to combine two tables (see below). However, what is actually retrieved is an array containing 16 elements (should be four because it only exists four elements as for now). The array is too long to post here, but I put it in a phpFiddle to be found here if you're interested. Well, I have really tried to find what's wrong (probably something easy as always), but with no luck. Thanks a lot for your time and help! listModel.php: public function GetOrderedElements($userId, $listId) { // $userId = 46 // $listId = 1 $query = "SELECT le.listElemId, le.listElemName, le.listElemDesc, lo.listElemOrderPlace FROM listElement AS le INNER JOIN listElemOrder AS lo ON le.listId = lo.listId WHERE lo.userId = ? AND lo.listId = ? ORDER BY listElemId"; $stmt = $this->m_db->Prepare($query); $stmt->bind_param("ii", $userId, $listId); $listElements = $this->m_db->GetOrderedElements($stmt); return $listElements; } database.php: public function GetOrderedElements(\mysqli_stmt $stmt) { if ($stmt === FALSE) { throw new \Exception($this->mysqli->error); } if ($stmt->execute() == FALSE) { throw new \Exception($this->mysqli->error); } if ($stmt->bind_result($listElemId, $listElemName, $listElemDesc, $listElemOrderPlace) == FALSE) { throw new \Exception($this->mysqli->error); } $listElements = array(); while ($stmt->fetch()) { $listElements[] = array('listElemId' => $listElemId, 'listElemName' => $listElemName, 'listElemDesc' => $listElemDesc, 'listElemOrderPlace' => $listElemOrderPlace); } var_dump($listElements); $stmt->Close(); return $listElements; } from the database: listElemOrder: listElemOrderId | listId | listElemId | userId | listElemOrderPlace 1 1 1 46 1 2 1 2 46 4 3 1 3 46 2 4 1 4 46 3 listElement: listElemId | listElemName | listId | listElemDesc | listElemOrderPlace 1 Elem A 1 Derp NULL 2 Elem B 1 Herp NULL 3 Elem C 1 Lorum NULL 4 Elem D 1 Ipsum NULL Note: 'listElemOrderPlace' in the table listElement is the final order of the elements (all users average), not to be mixed with the one with the same name in the other table, that's only a specific user's order of the list elements (which is the interesting one in this case).

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  • Introducción a ENUM (E.164 Number Mapping)

    - by raul.goycoolea
    E.164 Number Mapping (ENUM o Enum) se diseñó para resolver la cuestión de como se pueden encontrar servicios de internet mediante un número telefónico, es decir cómo se pueden usar los los teléfonos, que solamente tienen 12 teclas, para acceder a servicios de Internet. La parte más básica de ENUM es por tanto la convergencia de las redes del STDP y la IP; ENUM hace que pueda haber una correspondencia entre un número telefónico y un identificador de Internet. En síntesis, Enum es un conjunto de protocolos para convertir números E.164 en URIs, y viceversa, de modo que el sistema de numeración E.164 tenga una función de correspondencia con las direcciones URI en Internet. Esta función es necesaria porque un número telefónico no tiene sentido en el mundo IP, ni una dirección IP tiene sentido en las redes telefónicas. Así, mediante esta técnica, las comunicaciones cuyo destino se marque con un número E.164, puedan terminar en el identificador correcto (número E.164 si termina en el STDP, o URI si termina en redes IP). La solución técnica de mirar en una base de datos cual es el identificador de destino tiene consecuencias muy interesantes, como que la llamada se pueda terminar donde desee el abonado llamado. Esta es una de las características que ofrece ENUM : el destino concreto, el terminal o terminales de terminación, no lo decide quien inicia la llamada o envía el mensaje sino la persona que es llamada o recibe el mensaje, que ha escrito sus preferencias en una base de datos. En otras palabras, el destinatario de la llamada decide cómo quiere ser contactado, tanto si lo que se le comunica es un email, o un sms, o telefax, o una llamada de voz. Cuando alguien quiera llamarle a usted, lo que tiene que hacer el llamante es seleccionar su nombre (el del llamado) en la libreta de direcciones del terminal o marcar su número ENUM. Una aplicación informática obtendrá de una base de datos los datos de contacto y disponibilidad que usted decidió. Y el mensaje le será remitido tal como usted especificó en dicha base de datos. Esto es algo nuevo que permite que usted, como persona llamada, defina sus preferencias de terminación para cualquier tipo de contenido. Por ejemplo, usted puede querer que todos los emails le sean enviados como sms o que los mensajes de voz se le remitan como emails; las comunicaciones ya no dependen de donde esté usted o deque tipo de terminal utiliza (teléfono, pda, internet). Además, con ENUM usted puede gestionar la portabilidad de sus números fijos y móviles. ENUM emplea una técnica de búsqueda indirecta en una base de datos que tiene los registros NAPTR ("Naming Authority Pointer Resource Records" tal como lo define el RFC 2915), y que utiliza el número telefónico Enum como clave de búsqueda, para obtener qué URIs corresponden a cada número telefónico. La base de datos que almacena estos registros es del tipo DNS.Si bien en uno de sus diversos usos sirve para facilitar las llamadas de usuarios de VoIP entre redes tradicionales del STDP y redes IP, debe tenerse en cuenta que ENUM no es una función de VoIP sino que es un mecanismo de conversión entre números/identificadores. Por tanto no debe ser confundido con el uso normal de enrutar las llamadas de VoIP mediante los protocolos SIP y H.323. ENUM puede ser muy útil para aquellas organizaciones que quieran tener normalizada la manera en que las aplicaciones acceden a los datos de comunicación de cada usuario. FundamentosPara que la convergencia entre el Sistema Telefónico Disponible al Público (STDP) y la Telefonía por Internet o Voz sobre IP (VoIP) y que el desarrollo de nuevos servicios multimedia tengan menos obstáculos, es fundamental que los usuarios puedan realizar sus llamadas tal como están acostumbrados a hacerlo, marcando números. Para eso, es preciso que haya un sistema universal de correspondencia de número a direcciones IP (y viceversa) y que las diferentes redes se puedan interconectar. Hay varias fórmulas que permiten que un número telefónico sirva para establecer comunicación con múltiples servicios. Una de estas fórmulas es el Electronic Number Mapping System ENUM, normalizado por el grupo de tareas especiales de ingeniería en Internet (IETF, Internet engineering task force), del que trata este artículo, que emplea la numeración E.164, los protocolos y la infraestructura telefónica para acceder indirectamente a diferentes servicios. Por tanto, se accede a un servicio mediante un identificador numérico universal: un número telefónico tradicional. ENUM permite comunicar las direcciones del mundo IP con las del mundo telefónico, y viceversa, sin problemas. Antes de entrar en mayores profundidades, conviene dar una breve pincelada para aclarar cómo se organiza la correspondencia entre números o URI. Para ello imaginemos una llamada que se inicia desde el servicio telefónico tradicional con destino a un número Enum. En ENUM Público, el abonado o usuario Enum a quien va destinada lallamada, habrá decidido incluir en la base de datos Enum uno o varios URI o números E.164, que forman una lista con sus preferencias para terminar la llamada. Y el sistema como se explica más adelante, elegirá cual es el número o URI adecuado para dicha terminación. Por tanto como resultado de la consulta a la base dedatos Enum siempre se da una relación unívoca entre el número Enum marcado y el de terminación, conforme a los deseos de la persona llamada.Variedades de ENUMUna posible fuente de confusión cuando se trata sobre ENUM es la variedad de soluciones o sistemas que emplean este calificativo. Lo habitual es que cuando se haga una referencia a ENUM se trate de uno de los siguientes casos: ENUM Público: Es la visión original de ENUM, como base de datos pública, parecida a un directorio, donde el abonado "opta" a ser incluido en la base de datos, que está gestionada en el dominio e164.arpa, delegando a cada país la gestión de la base de datos y la numeración. También se conoce como ENUM de usuario. Carrier ENUM, o ENUM Infraestructura, o de Operador: Cuando grupos de operadores proveedores de servicios de comunicaciones electrónicas acuerdan compartir la información de los abonados por medio de ENUM mediante acuerdos privados. En este caso son los operadores quienes controlan la información del abonado en vez de hacerlo (optar) los propios abonados. Carrier ENUM o ENUM de Operador también se conoce como Infrastructure ENUM o ENUM Infraestructura, y está siendo normalizado por IETF para la interconexión de VoIP (mediante acuerdos de peering). Como se explicará en la correspondiente sección, también se puede utilizar para la portabilidad o conservación de número. ENUM Privado: Un operador de telefonía o de VoIP, o un ISP, o un gran usuario, puede utilizar las técnicas de ENUM en sus redes y en las de sus clientes sin emplear DNS públicos, con DNS privados o internos. Resulta fácil imaginar como puede utilizarse esta técnica para que compañías multinacionales, o bancos, o agencias de viajes, tengan planes de numeración muy coherentes y eficaces. Cómo funciona ENUMPara conocer cómo funciona Enum, le remitimos a la página correspondiente a ENUM Público, puesto que esa variedad de Enum es la típica, la que dió lugar a todos los procedimientos y normas de IETF .Más detalles sobre: @page { margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } H4 { margin-bottom: 0.08in } H4.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Hindi" } A:link { so-language: zxx } -- ENUM Público. En esta página se explica con cierto detalle como funciona Enum Carrier ENUM o ENUM de Operador ENUM Privado Normas técnicas: RFC 2915: NAPTR RR. The Naming Authority Pointer (NAPTR) DNS Resource Record RFC 3761: ENUM Protocol. The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM). (obsoletes RFC 2916). 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