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• Introduction to WCF Data service and ODATA

  In this article we will see how to creating WCF Data Service and how to consume WCF Data Service.

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• Protecting the integrity of a game state while minimizing amount of data sent

  - by espais

  I'm developing a game in PHP/jQuery, and naturally have to be wary of any sort of data coming from the client. At present, I have tables of data representing the map (2D roguelike), monsters, items, and player(s). Initially, my thought was to simply package it all in a JSON object and send it every game tick, however when actually looking at the data I realized that's quite a large packet to be sending. So, my question is what is a good approach for minimizing data sent to the client? Obviously I would need to figure out some way of validating whatever it sends back. Initially we'd hoped to do some minimal verification on the client-side, but each time we thought of one thing we could do it is immediately invalidated with tools like Firebug. Kind of an open question I realize, but we want to get this right before we move on with our implementation so we don't have to shoehorn in bugfixes later on.

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• Getting data from Azure Storage

  How to get aggregate data from Azure storage.

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• Using The Data Mining Query Task in SSIS

  The Data Mining Query Task can be used to run prediction queries based on data mining models built in analysis service.

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• Penn State Deals With Latest Data Breach

  University officials are warning more than 15,000 students that yet another preventable data breach has compromised their personal data.

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• Introducing WCF Data Service

  Introducing WCF Data Service

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• Google Analytics data Missing for 4 days

  - by Shumaila

  I used wrong tracking id in my E-commerce tracking code for Google analytics and missed the data for few days. To add that missing data in my account I have written a short script which manually send all orders data for four days to GA account but what my concern is date : Those orders which already placed on different dates and , when if I run my script and so it will send my missing data with current date , which I do not want. ( I want to send date when that order is actually placed) do anyone help me with this ? I am really much stuck with my work here.

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• PHP class data implementation

  - by Bakanyaka

  I'm studying OOP PHP and have watched two tutorials that implement user login\registration system as an example. But implementation varies. Which way will be more correct one to work with data such as this? Load all data retrieved from database as array into a property called something like _data on class creation and further methods operate with this property Create separate properties for each field retrieved from database, on class creation load all data fields into respective properties and operate with that properties separately? Then let's say I want to create a method that returns a list of all users with their data. Which way is better? Method that returns just an array of userdata like this: Array([0]=>array([id] => 1, [username] => 'John', ...), [1]=>array([id] => 2, [username] => 'Jack', ...), ...) Method that creates a new instance of it's class for each user and returns an array of objects

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• WPF and data binding

  Can you data bind in WPF?

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• CellC data card not recognized if I boot with it in

  - by Armien

  In 11.10 I find that I can connect to the internet via broadband connection successfully. The problem is that I cannot have the data card attached to the machine while the machine boots up. If I leave the data card in the machine during startup, the data card is not picked up and I then cannot connect to the internet. I must first boot up my machine, login, attach the data card into the usb port, wait so 30 seconds. The broadband connection name will then appear in the network dropdown at the top of the screen. An internet connect is now possible via broadband. Please let me know what must be done to fix this.

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• TSQL Challenge 83 - Compare rows in the same table and group the data

  The challenge is to compare the data of the rows and group the input data. The data needs to be grouped based on the Product ID, Date, TotalLines, LinesOutOfService. NEW! Deployment Manager Early Access ReleaseDeploy SQL Server changes and .NET applications fast, frequently, and without fuss, using Deployment Manager, the new tool from Red Gate. Try the Early Access Release to get a 20% discount on Version 1. Download the Early Access Release.

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• Using PDO for Data Management

  - by edorahg

  This question is more a design oriented question than a code specific question. I am new to PHP and I am planning to use PDO as a data access layer. Say for instance I have a class called CITY. Now if I need to create an instance of this class, what is the best technique. Should have a singleton DB access class which is used to write and read data from the db layer. OR should I delegate it to the individual class object. For example if I invoke city.save() (city is a class), then the city class will handle the saving of that city object's data into the database. Excuse my ignorance but i have a java background and therefore trying to understand what is the best design principle for data management when using php.

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• Can't view order in magento

  - by koko

  Hi, I've been setting up a fresh magento 1.4.0.1 install, working great so far. I did some test orders just to see. Everything works fine, but when I click on "view order" under "my orders", I get a bunch of error messages: There has been an error processing your request Notice: iconv_substr() [function.iconv-substr]: Unknown error (0) in /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Helper/String.php on line 98 Trace: #0 [internal function]: mageCoreErrorHandler(8, 'iconv_substr() ...', '/data/web/A1423...', 98, Array) #1 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Helper/String.php(98): iconv_substr('1', 0, 50, 'UTF-8') #2 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Helper/String.php(173): Mage_Core_Helper_String-substr('1', 0, 50) #3 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Helper/String.php(112): Mage_Core_Helper_String-str_split('1', 50) #4 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/design/frontend/base/default/template/sales/order/items/renderer/default.phtml(58): Mage_Core_Helper_String-splitInjection('1') #5 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(189): include('/data/web/A1423...') #6 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(225): Mage_Core_Block_Template-fetchView('frontend/base/d...') #7 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(242): Mage_Core_Block_Template-renderView() #8 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(674): Mage_Core_Block_Template-_toHtml() #9 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Sales/Block/Items/Abstract.php(137): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-toHtml() #10 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/design/frontend/base/default/template/sales/order/items.phtml(52): Mage_Sales_Block_Items_Abstract-getItemHtml(Object(Mage_Sales_Model_Order_Item)) #11 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(189): include('/data/web/A1423...') #12 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(225): Mage_Core_Block_Template-fetchView('frontend/base/d...') #13 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(242): Mage_Core_Block_Template-renderView() #14 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(674): Mage_Core_Block_Template-_toHtml() #15 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(516): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-toHtml() #16 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(467): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-_getChildHtml('order_items', true) #17 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/design/frontend/base/default/template/sales/order/view.phtml(64): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-getChildHtml('order_items') #18 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(189): include('/data/web/A1423...') #19 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(225): Mage_Core_Block_Template-fetchView('frontend/base/d...') #20 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(242): Mage_Core_Block_Template-renderView() #21 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(674): Mage_Core_Block_Template-_toHtml() #22 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(516): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-toHtml() #23 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(463): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-_getChildHtml('sales.order.vie...', true) #24 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Page/Block/Html/Wrapper.php(52): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-getChildHtml('', true, true) #25 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(674): Mage_Page_Block_Html_Wrapper-_toHtml() #26 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Text/List.php(43): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-toHtml() #27 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(674): Mage_Core_Block_Text_List-_toHtml() #28 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(516): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-toHtml() #29 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(467): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-_getChildHtml('content', true) #30 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/design/frontend/base/default/template/page/2columns-left.phtml(48): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-getChildHtml('content') #31 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(189): include('/data/web/A1423...') #32 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(225): Mage_Core_Block_Template-fetchView('frontend/base/d...') #33 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Template.php(242): Mage_Core_Block_Template-renderView() #34 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Block/Abstract.php(674): Mage_Core_Block_Template-_toHtml() #35 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Model/Layout.php(536): Mage_Core_Block_Abstract-toHtml() #36 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Controller/Varien/Action.php(389): Mage_Core_Model_Layout-getOutput() #37 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Sales/controllers/OrderController.php(100): Mage_Core_Controller_Varien_Action-renderLayout() #38 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Sales/controllers/OrderController.php(136): Mage_Sales_OrderController-_viewAction() #39 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Controller/Varien/Action.php(418): Mage_Sales_OrderController-viewAction() #40 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Controller/Varien/Router/Standard.php(254): Mage_Core_Controller_Varien_Action-dispatch('view') #41 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Controller/Varien/Front.php(177): Mage_Core_Controller_Varien_Router_Standard-match(Object(Mage_Core_Controller_Request_Http)) #42 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/code/core/Mage/Core/Model/App.php(304): Mage_Core_Controller_Varien_Front-dispatch() #43 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/app/Mage.php(596): Mage_Core_Model_App-run(Array) #44 /data/web/A14237/htdocs/magento/index.php(78): Mage::run('', 'store') #45 {main} gtx, koko

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• Data recovery; nearly 1 tb of movies on a WD 3.5 tb personal cloud drive disappears with scanty traces

  - by Effector Dhanushanth

  I have a great collection of movies that I had stored in a logical mesh of folder on my 3.5 tb WD personal cloud drive. I woke up 1 morning and found that everything was fine with my data on this drive, except for my movie collection: There were two great folders, one "2sort" nd the other "segregated". out of all the segregated sub folders, only letter C D and 2 or 3 others remain. and the 2 sort folder, which has umpteen subfolders, amounting to more than 0.5 tb. is.. it's just gone!! this is a great downfall.. now this is a personal cloud drive and has no usb port etc. unfortunately to hardwire and recover files.. now I'm sure there are softwares out there that can help me recover my beloved movies from such an interestingly "hard-to-reach" (should I say?) device? what may that software be compadre, my happiness lies within your answer.. thank you.. remember, recovery software or (WD) personal cloud. :) these ovies were All, "hand-picked", over the course of ten years.. I just never catalogued my collection.. if I could just get the "list" of my lost collection, that'd be enough.. recovering em would be a bonus.. but they out to be damaged if I were to somehow recover you know? still, I'm certain they're all intact.. I guess the file index just got corrupted.. There surely is a veil of some sort that need to be thrown or pushed aside to reveal my movies.. what software can do/does that? thanks immensely!

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• How do you map a DateTime property to 2 varchar columns in the database with NHibernate (Fluent)?

  - by gabe

  I'm dealing with a legacy database that has date and time fields as char(8) columns (formatted yyyyMMdd and HH:mm:ss, respectively) in some of the tables. How can i map the 2 char columns to a single .NET DateTime property? I have tried the following, but i get a "can't access setter" error of course because DateTime Date and TimeOfDay properties are read-only: public class SweetPocoMannaFromHeaven { public virtual DateTime? FileCreationDateTime { get; set; } } . mapping.Component<DateTime?>(x => x.FileCreationDateTime, dt => { dt.Map(x => x.Value.Date, "file_creation_date"); dt.Map(x => x.Value.TimeOfDay, "file_creation_time"); }); I have also tried defining a IUserType for DateTime, but i can't figure it out. I've done a ton of googling for an answer, but i can't figure it out still. What is my best option to handle this stupid legacy database convention? A code example would be helpful since there's not much out for documentation on some of these more obscure scenarios.

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• Is there a Java data structure that is effectively an ArrayList with double indicies and built-in in

  - by Bob Cross

  I am looking for a pre-built Java data structure with the following characteristics: It should look something like an ArrayList but should allow indexing via double-precision rather than integers. Note that this means that it's likely that you'll see indicies that don't line up with the original data points (i.e., asking for the value that corresponds to key "1.5"). As a consequence, the value returned will likely be interpolated. For example, if the key is 1.5, the value returned could be the average of the value at key 1.0 and the value at key 2.0. The keys will be sorted but the values are not ensured to be monotonically increasing. In fact, there's no assurance that the first derivative of the values will be continuous (making it a poor fit for certain types of splines). Freely available code only, please. For clarity, I know how to write such a thing. In fact, we already have an implementation of this and some related data structures in legacy code that I want to replace due to some performance and coding issues. What I'm trying to avoid is spending a lot of time rolling my own solution when there might already be such a thing in the JDK, Apache Commons or another standard library. Frankly, that's exactly the approach that got this legacy code into the situation that it's in right now.... Is there such a thing out there in a freely available library?

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• Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

  - by raul.goycoolea

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract   Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA.   Introduction   A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders.   Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc.   Purpose of Reference Architecture   In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness.   Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices.   Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level:   ·       Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise ·       Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. ·       Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles ·       Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc ·       A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information ·       Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security ·       Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. ·       Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets ·       Has a shorter implementation time and cost   Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO).     Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers   Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider:   ·       In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. ·       Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. ·       Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. ·       Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. ·       Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. ·       Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. ·       Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems   However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape.   Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture   Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges.   “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum.   The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture:   ·       Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements ·       Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. ·       Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) ·       Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services ·       Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem ·       (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks ·       Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products ·       Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products   Drivers of Reference Architecture   The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure.   Telecom reference architectures are today expected to:   ·       Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems ·       Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services ·       Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure ·       Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. ·       Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g.  Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. ·       Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations ·       Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) ·       Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management ·       Lower operating costs to drive profitability   Enterprise Reference Architecture   The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA.   • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture   Telecom Reference Architecture   Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements:   ·       The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. ·       The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. ·       The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. ·       The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes.   NGOSS Architecture Standards are:   ·       Centralized data ·       Loosely coupled distributed systems ·       Application components/re-use  ·       A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations ·       Interoperability to service provider data/processes ·       Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios ·       Workflow automation   The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers,   ·       Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. ·       Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. ·       Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. ·       Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility.   Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture   The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows:   1. Customer Relationship Management   CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty.   CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise.   The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are   ·       Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. ·       Create and manage customer profiles. ·       Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. ·       Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. ·       Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. ·       Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). ·       Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions.   CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing.   2. Billing and Revenue Management   Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. ·       To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. ·       To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. ·       Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. ·       Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. ·       Support prepaid and post-paid rating. ·       Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. ·       Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. ·       Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. ·       Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. ·       Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc.   Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements.   3. Mediation   Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution.   ·       Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. ·       Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. ·       Validate Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. ·       Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. ·       Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. ·       Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. ·       Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window.   4. Fulfillment   This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; ·       Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; ·       Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; ·       Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; ·       Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; ·       Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; ·       Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and ·       Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer.   These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders.   5. Enterprise Management   This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that   ·       Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.;   ·       Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business;   ·       Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc.     (i) Enterprise Risk Management:   Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are:   ·       Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o   Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o   Interconnect bill verification. o   Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o   Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o   Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o   Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized.   ·       Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator.   The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows:   o   Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o   Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o   The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o   The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems   (ii) Knowledge Management   This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions.   Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to   ·       Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. ·       Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse ·       Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. ·       Run report generator. ·       Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc.   (iii) Document Management   It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system.   (iv) Data Management   It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management.   Key responsibilities of Data Management are   ·       Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. ·       Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) ·       Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. ·       Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use.   (v) Business Intelligence   It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level:   ·       It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. ·       It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. ·       It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. ·       It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. ·       It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. ·       It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions.   It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer   ·       It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence.   (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management   It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations.   (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning   It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment.   The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below:   ·        It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. ·       It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. ·       It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. ·       It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. ·       It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges.   6. External Interfaces/Touch Points   The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including:   ·       Exchange of emails or faxes ·       Call Centers ·       Web Portals ·       Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions   These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points.   Typical characteristics of these touch points are   ·       Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine ·       Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment ·       Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application   These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses.   7. Middleware   The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution.   ·       As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces ·       Provide a web service framework with service registry. ·       Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. ·       Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. ·       Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. ·       Use standard XML for data exchange. ·       Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. ·       Provide a tracking until the response completion. ·       Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. ·       Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. ·       Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. ·       Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component.   8. Network Elements   The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.   Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc.   Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment.   9. 3rd Party Applications   3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government.   Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done.   10. Service Delivery Platform   A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction.   SOA Reference Architecture   SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques.   In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables:   ·       The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services ·       Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface ·       A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs ·       Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services ·       Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change ·       Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services   ·       A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis   The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits.   Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers.   COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives.   The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers.   The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1.          Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation.   ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc.   CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc.   Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components:   ·       Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges ·       Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured.   MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data.     2.          Enterprise Component Layer:   This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing.   Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are:   ·       Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc.   ·       Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query.   ·       Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design.   Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc.   3.          Integration Layer:   This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime.   • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework.   4.          Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains.   5.          Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services.   6.          Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications.   7.          Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications.   8.          Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance.     9.          EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices:   EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology).   Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey.   Conclusions   Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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• How do I use Sketchflow sample data for a ListBoxItem Template at design time?

  - by Boris Nikolaevich

  I am using Expression Blend 4 and Visual Studio 2010 to create a Sketchflow prototype. I have a Sample Data collection and a ListBox that is bound to it. This displays as I would expect both at design time and at run time. However, the ListBoxItem template it just complex enough that I wanted to pull it out into its own XAML file. Even though the items still render as expected in the main ListBox where the template is used, when I open the template itself, all of the databound controls are empty. If I add a DataContext to the template, I can see and work with the populated objects while in the template, but then that local DataContext overrides the DataContext set on the listbox. A bit of code will illustrate. Start by creating a Sketchflow project (I am using Silverlight, but it should work the same for WPF), then add a project data source called SampleDataSource. Add a collection called ListData, with a single String property called Title. Here is the (scaled down) code for the main Sketchflow screen, which we'll call Main.xaml: <UserControl xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoScreens" mc:Ignorable="d" x:Class="DemoScreens.Main" Width="800" Height="600"> <UserControl.Resources> <ResourceDictionary> <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <ResourceDictionary Source="ProjectDataSources.xaml"/> </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries> <DataTemplate x:Key="ListBoxItemTemplate"> <local:DemoListBoxItemTemplate d:IsPrototypingComposition="True" Margin="0,0,5,0" Width="748"/> </DataTemplate> </ResourceDictionary> </UserControl.Resources> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="#5c87b2" DataContext="{Binding Source={StaticResource SampleDataSource}}"> <ListBox Background="White" x:Name="DemoList" Style="{StaticResource ListBox-Sketch}" Margin="20,100,20,20" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ListBoxItemTemplate}" ItemsSource="{Binding ListData}" ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"/> </Grid> </UserControl> You can see that it references the DemoListBoxItemTemplate, which is defined in its own DemoListBoxItemTemplate.xaml: <UserControl xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoScreens" mc:Ignorable="d" x:Class="DemoScreens.DemoListBoxItemTemplate"> <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Title}" Style="{StaticResource BasicTextBlock-Sketch}" Width="150"/> </Grid> </UserControl> Obviously, this is way simpler than my actual listbox, but it should be enough to illustrate my problem. When you open Main.xaml in the Expression designer, the list box is populated with sample data. But when you open DemoListBoxItemTemplate.xaml, there is no data context and therefore no data to display—which makes it more difficult to identify controls visually. How can I have sample data displayed when I am working with the template, while still allowing the larger set of sample data to be used for the ListBox itself?

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• Are there any decent free JAVA data plotting libraries out there?

  - by Kurt W. Leucht

  On a recent JAVA project, we needed a free JAVA based real-time data plotting utility. After much searching, we found this tool called the Scientific Graphics Toolkit or SGT from NOAA. It seemed pretty robust, but we found out that it wasn't terribly configurable. Or at least not configurable enough to meet our needs. We ended up digging very deeply into the JAVA code and reverse engineering the code and changing it all around to make the plot tool look and act the way we wanted it to look and act. Of course, this killed any chance for future upgrades from NOAA. So what free or cheap JAVA based data plotting tools or libraries do you use? Followup: Thanks for the JFreeChart suggestions. I checked out their website and it looks like a very nice data charting and plotting utility. I should have made it clear in my original question that I was looking specifically to plot real-time data. I corrected my question above to make that point clear. It appears that JFreeChart support for live data is marginal at best, though. Any other suggestions out there?

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• Google Federated Login vs Hybrid Protocol vs Google Data Authentication. Whats's the Difference?

  - by johnfelix

  Hi, I am trying to implement Google Authentication in my website, in which I would also be pulling some Google Data using the Google Data API and I am using Google App Engine with Jinja2. My question is, so many ways are mentioned to do it. I am confused between Google Federated Login,Google Data Protocol, Hybrid Protocol. Are these things the same or different ways to do the same thing. From what I read and understood, which might be incorrect, Google Federated Login uses the hybrid protocol to authenticate and fetch the google data. Is there a proper guide to implement any one of these in python. Examples which I found at the google link are kind of different. From what I understood,correct me if i am wrong, I have to implement only the OpenID Consumer part. In order to implement Google Federated Login in Python, I saw that we need to download a separate library from the openid-enabled.com but I found a different library for the google data implementation at http://code.google.com/p/gdata-python-client/ As you can see, I am confused a lot :D. Please help me :) Thanks

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• How to efficiently save changes made in UI/main thread with Core Data?

  - by Jaanus

  So, there have been several posts here about importing and saving data from an external data source into Core Data. Apple documents a reasonable pattern for this: "import and save on background thread, merge saved objects to main thread." All fine and good. I have a related but different problem: the user is modifying data in the UI and main thread, and thus modifies state of some objects in the managed object context (MOC). I would like to save these changes from time to time. What is a good way to do that? Now, you could say that I could do the same: create a background thread with its own MOC and pass the changed objectID-s there. The catch-22 for me with this is that an object's ID changes when it is saved, and I cannot guarantee the order of things happening. I may end up passing a different objectID into the background thread for the same object, based on whether the object has been previously saved or not, and I don't know if Core Data can resolve this and see that different objectID-s are pointing to the same object and not create duplicates for me. (I could test this, but I'm lazywebbing with this question first.) One thought I had: I could always do MOC saves on a background thread, and queue them up with operationqueue, so that there is always only one save in progress. I would not create a new MOC, I would just use the same MOC as in main thread. Now, this is not thread safe and when someone modifies the MOC in main thread while it is being saved in background thread, the results will probably be catastrophic. But, minus the thread safety, you can see what kind of solution I'd wish for. To be clear, the problem I need to fix is that if I just do the save in main thread, it blocks the UI for an unacceptably long period of time, I want to move the save to background thread. So, questions: what about the reasoning of an object ID changing during saving, and Core Data being able to resolve them to the same object? Would this be the right way of addressing this problem? any other good ways of doing this?

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• Binary Search Tree Implementation

  - by Gabe

  I've searched the forum, and tried to implement the code in the threads I found. But I've been working on this real simple program since about 10am, and can't solve the seg. faults for the life of me. Any ideas on what I'm doing wrong would be greatly appreciated. BST.h (All the implementation problems should be in here.) #ifndef BST_H_ #define BST_H_ #include <stdexcept> #include <iostream> #include "btnode.h" using namespace std; /* A class to represent a templated binary search tree. */ template <typename T> class BST { private: //pointer to the root node in the tree BTNode<T>* root; public: //default constructor to make an empty tree BST(); /* You have to document these 4 functions */ void insert(T value); bool search(const T& value) const; bool search(BTNode<T>* node, const T& value) const; void printInOrder() const; void remove(const T& value); //function to print out a visual representation //of the tree (not just print the tree's values //on a single line) void print() const; private: //recursive helper function for "print()" void print(BTNode<T>* node,int depth) const; }; /* Default constructor to make an empty tree */ template <typename T> BST<T>::BST() { root = NULL; } template <typename T> void BST<T>::insert(T value) { BTNode<T>* newNode = new BTNode<T>(value); cout << newNode->data; if(root == NULL) { root = newNode; return; } BTNode<T>* current = new BTNode<T>(NULL); current = root; current->data = root->data; while(true) { if(current->left == NULL && current->right == NULL) break; if(current->right != NULL && current->left != NULL) { if(newNode->data > current->data) current = current->right; else if(newNode->data < current->data) current = current->left; } else if(current->right != NULL && current->left == NULL) { if(newNode->data < current->data) break; else if(newNode->data > current->data) current = current->right; } else if(current->right == NULL && current->left != NULL) { if(newNode->data > current->data) break; else if(newNode->data < current->data) current = current->left; } } if(current->data > newNode->data) current->left = newNode; else current->right = newNode; return; } //public helper function template <typename T> bool BST<T>::search(const T& value) const { return(search(root,value)); //start at the root } //recursive function template <typename T> bool BST<T>::search(BTNode<T>* node, const T& value) const { if(node == NULL || node->data == value) return(node != NULL); //found or couldn't find value else if(value < node->data) return search(node->left,value); //search left subtree else return search(node->right,value); //search right subtree } template <typename T> void BST<T>::printInOrder() const { //print out the value's in the tree in order // //You may need to use this function as a helper //and create a second recursive function //(see "print()" for an example) } template <typename T> void BST<T>::remove(const T& value) { if(root == NULL) { cout << "Tree is empty. No removal. "<<endl; return; } if(!search(value)) { cout << "Value is not in the tree. No removal." << endl; return; } BTNode<T>* current; BTNode<T>* parent; current = root; parent->left = NULL; parent->right = NULL; cout << root->left << "LEFT " << root->right << "RIGHT " << endl; cout << root->data << " ROOT" << endl; cout << current->data << "CURRENT BEFORE" << endl; while(current != NULL) { cout << "INTkhkjhbljkhblkjhlk " << endl; if(current->data == value) break; else if(value > current->data) { parent = current; current = current->right; } else { parent = current; current = current->left; } } cout << current->data << "CURRENT AFTER" << endl; // 3 cases : //We're looking at a leaf node if(current->left == NULL && current->right == NULL) // It's a leaf { if(parent->left == current) parent->left = NULL; else parent->right = NULL; delete current; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; return; } // Node with single child if((current->left == NULL && current->right != NULL) || (current->left != NULL && current->right == NULL)) { if(current->left == NULL && current->right != NULL) { if(parent->left == current) { parent->left = current->right; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } else { parent->right = current->right; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } } else // left child present, no right child { if(parent->left == current) { parent->left = current->left; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } else { parent->right = current->left; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } } return; } //Node with 2 children - Replace node with smallest value in right subtree. if (current->left != NULL && current->right != NULL) { BTNode<T>* check; check = current->right; if((check->left == NULL) && (check->right == NULL)) { current = check; delete check; current->right = NULL; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; } else // right child has children { //if the node's right child has a left child; Move all the way down left to locate smallest element if((current->right)->left != NULL) { BTNode<T>* leftCurrent; BTNode<T>* leftParent; leftParent = current->right; leftCurrent = (current->right)->left; while(leftCurrent->left != NULL) { leftParent = leftCurrent; leftCurrent = leftCurrent->left; } current->data = leftCurrent->data; delete leftCurrent; leftParent->left = NULL; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; } else { BTNode<T>* temp; temp = current->right; current->data = temp->data; current->right = temp->right; delete temp; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; } } return; } } /* Print out the values in the tree and their relationships visually. Sample output: 22 18 15 10 9 5 3 1 */ template <typename T> void BST<T>::print() const { print(root,0); } template <typename T> void BST<T>::print(BTNode<T>* node,int depth) const { if(node == NULL) { std::cout << std::endl; return; } print(node->right,depth+1); for(int i=0; i < depth; i++) { std::cout << "\t"; } std::cout << node->data << std::endl; print(node->left,depth+1); } #endif main.cpp #include "bst.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { BST<int> tree; cout << endl << "LAB #13 - BINARY SEARCH TREE PROGRAM" << endl; cout << "----------------------------------------------------------" << endl; // Insert. cout << endl << "INSERT TESTS" << endl; // No duplicates allowed. tree.insert(0); tree.insert(5); tree.insert(15); tree.insert(25); tree.insert(20); // Search. cout << endl << "SEARCH TESTS" << endl; int x = 0; int y = 1; if(tree.search(x)) cout << "The value " << x << " is on the tree." << endl; else cout << "The value " << x << " is NOT on the tree." << endl; if(tree.search(y)) cout << "The value " << y << " is on the tree." << endl; else cout << "The value " << y << " is NOT on the tree." << endl; // Removal. cout << endl << "REMOVAL TESTS" << endl; tree.remove(0); tree.remove(1); tree.remove(20); // Print. cout << endl << "PRINTED DIAGRAM OF BINARY SEARCH TREE" << endl; cout << "----------------------------------------------------------" << endl; tree.print(); cout << endl << "Program terminated. Goodbye." << endl << endl; } BTNode.h #ifndef BTNODE_H_ #define BTNODE_H_ #include <iostream> /* A class to represent a node in a binary search tree. */ template <typename T> class BTNode { public: //constructor BTNode(T d); //the node's data value T data; //pointer to the node's left child BTNode<T>* left; //pointer to the node's right child BTNode<T>* right; }; /* Simple constructor. Sets the data value of the BTNode to "d" and defaults its left and right child pointers to NULL. */ template <typename T> BTNode<T>::BTNode(T d) : left(NULL), right(NULL) { data = d; } #endif Thanks.

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• Core Data - How to check if a managed object's properties have been deallocated?

  - by georryan

  I've created a program that uses core data and it works beautifully. I've since attempted to move all my core data methods calls and fetch routines into a class that is self contained. My main program then instantiates that class and makes some basic method calls into that class, and the class then does all the core data stuff behind the scenes. What I'm running into, is that sometimes I'll find that when I grab a managed object from the context, I'll have a valid object, but its properties have been deallocated, and I'll cause a crash. I've played with the zombies and looked for memory leaks, and what I have gathered is it seems that the run loop is probably responsible for deallocating the memory, but I'm not sure. Is there a way to determine if that memory has been deallocated and force the core data to get it back if I need to access it? My managedObjectContext never gets deallocated, and the fetchedResultsController never does, either. I thought maybe I needed to use the [managedObjectContext refreshObject:mergeData:] method, or the [managedObjectContext setRetainsRegisteredObjects:] method. Although, I'm under the impression that last one may not be the best bet since it will be more memory intensive (from what I understand). These errors only popped up when I moved the core data calls into another class file, and they are random when they show up. Any insight would be appreciated. -Ryan

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• Any chance to get Core Data using Tokyo Cabinet as the persistent store?

  - by dontWatchMyProfile

  I watched a free high quality video with Aaron Hillegass about Core Data vs Tokyo Cabinet. Besides that this guy is amazingly funny (really, if you want to laugh now, watch it!), he shows off Tokyo Cabinet beeing about 40x faster than Core Data. I wonder if it's worth thinking about how to attach this to Core Data? Does that make any sense? Maybe as a custom atomic store or something like this?

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• Is there a good Core Data browsing tool out there?

  - by Greg Martin

  One of the things I miss from moving from SQLite to Core Data is the ability to query directly against my database to analyze data. Is anyone out there aware of a tool that allows for the browsing of a Core Data store in a similar fashion?

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