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  • What Parallel computing APIs make good use of sockets?

    - by Ole Jak
    My program uses sockets, what Parallel computing APIs could I use that would help me without obligating me to go from sockets to anything else? When we are on a cluster with a special, non-socket infrastructure system this API would emulate something like sockets but using that infrastructure (so programs perform much faster than on sockets, but still use the sockets API).

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  • Using EHCache with ASP.NET?

    - by frankadelic
    I have heard of .NET APIs for memcached. Is there any equivalent for EHCache? I am envisioning a cluster of linux machines running EHCache, serving cached objects for a farm of ASP.NET webservers. Is this practical? Can this be done without installing Java on the ASP.NET servers?

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  • Need guidance on a Google Map application that has to show 250 000 polylines.

    - by lucian.jp
    I am looking for advice for an application I am developing that uses Google Map. Summary: A user has a list of criteria for searching a street segment that fulfills the criteria. The street segments will be colored with 3 colors for showing those below average, average and over average. Then the user clicks on the street segment to see an information window showing the properties of that specific segment hiding those not selected until he/she closes the window and other polyline becomes visible again. This looks quite like the Monopoly City Streets game Hasbro made some month ago the difference being I do not use Flash, I can’t use Open Street Map because it doesn’t list street segment (if it does the IDs won’t be the same anyway) and I do not have to show Google sketch building over. Information: I have a database of street segments with IDs, polyline points and centroid. The database has 6,000,000 street segment records in it. To narrow the generated data a bit we focus on city. The largest city we must show has 250,000 street segments. This means 250,000 line segment polyline to show. Our longest polyline uses 9600 characters which is stored in two 8000 varchar columns in SQL Server 2008. We need to use the API v3 because it is faster than the API v2 and the application will be ported to iPhone. For now it's an ASP.NET 3.5 with SQl Server 2008 application. Performance is a priority. Problems: Most of the demo projects that do this are made with API v2. So besides tutorial on the Google API v3 reference page I have nothing to compare performance or technology use to achieve my goal. There is no available .NET wrapper for the API v3 yet. Generating a 250,000 line segment polyline creates a heavy file which takes time to transfer and parse. (I have found a demo of one polyline of 390,000 points. I think the encoder would be far less efficient with more polylines with less points since there will be less rounding.) Since streets segments are shown based on criteria, polylines must be dynamically created and cache can't be used. Some thoughts: KML/KMZ: Pros: Since it is a standard we can easily load Bing maps, Yahoo! maps, Google maps, Google Earth, with the same KML file. The data generation would be the same. Cons: LineString in KML cannot be encoded polyline like the Google map API can handle. So it would probably be bigger and slower to display. Zipping the file at the size it will take more processing time and require the client side to uncompress the data and I am not quite sure with 250,000 data how an iPhone would handle this and how a server would handle 40 users browsing at the same time. JavaScript file: Pros: JavaScript file can have encoded polyline and would significantly reduce the file to transfer. Cons: Have to create my own stripped version of API v3 to add overlays, create polyline, etc. It is more complex than just create a KML file and point to the source. GeoRSS: This option isn't adapted for my needs I think, but I could be wrong. MapServer: I saw some post suggesting using MapServer to generate overlays. Not quite sure for the connection with our database and the performance it would give. Plus it requires a plugin for generating KML. It seems to me that it wouldn't allow me to do better than creating my own KML or JavaScript file. Maintenance would be simpler without. Monopoly City Streets: The game is now over, but for those who know what I am talking about Monopoly City Streets was showing at max zoom level only the streets that the centroid was inside the Bounds of the window. Moving the map was sending request to the server for the new streets to show. While I think this was ingenious, I have no idea how to implement something similar. The only thing I thought about was to compare if the long was inside the bound of map area X and same with Y. While this could improve performance significantly at high zoom level, this would give nothing when showing a whole city. Clustering: While cluster is awesome for marker, it seems we cannot cluster polylines. I would have liked something like MarkerClusterer for polylines and be able to cluster by my 3 polyline colors. This will probably stay as a “would have been freaking awesome but forget it”. Arrow: I will have in a future version to show a direction for the polyline and will have to show an arrow at the centroid. Loading an image or marker will only double my data so creating a custom overlay will probably be my only option. I have found that demo for something similar I would like to achieve. Unfortunately, the demo is very slow, but I only wish to show 1 arrow per polyline and not multiple like the demo. This functionality will depend on the format of data since I don't think KML support custom overlays. Criteria: While the application is done with ASP.NET 3.5, the port to the iPhone won't use the web to show the application and be limited in screen size for selecting the criteria. This is why I was more orienting on a service or page generating the file based on criteria passed in parameters. The service would than generate the file I need to display the polylines on the map. I could also create an aspx page that does this. The aspx page is more documented than the service way. There should be a reason. Questions: Should I create a web service to returns the street segments file or create an aspx page that return the file? Should I create a JavaScript file with encoded polyline or a KML with longitude/latitude based on the fact that maximum longitude/latitude polyline have 9600 characters and I have to render maximum 250,000 line segment polyline. Or should I go with a MapServer that generate the overlay? Will I be able to display simple arrow on the polyline on the next version. In case of KML generation is it faster to create the file with XDocument, XmlDocument, XmlWriter and this manually or just serialize the street segment in the stream? This is more a brainstorming Stack Overflow question than an actual code problem. Any answer helping narrow the possibilities is as good as someone having all the knowledge to point me out a better choice.

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  • Implementing database redundancy with sharded tables

    - by ensnare
    We're looking to implement load balancing by horizontally sharding our tables across a cluster of servers. What are some options to implement live redundancy should a server fail? Would it be effective to do (2) INSERTS instead of one ... one to the target shard, and another to a secondary shard which could be accessed should the primary shard not respond? Or is there a better way? Thanks.

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  • Migrating From SQL Server Server 7 To 2005, What should I get excited about?

    - by Jon P
    The company I work for has decided to join the 21st century and upgrade our main database cluster from SQL Server 7 to SQL Server 2005. As a web developer what new whiz-bang features of SQL Server 2005 should I get excited about or get to know? Currently I'm mainly writing CRUD style queries, pretty much exclusively using Stored Procdures for a mixed ASP.net and Classic ASP environment.

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  • ASP.NET MVC, Webform hybrid

    - by Greg Ogle
    We (me and my team) have a ASP.NET MVC application and we are integrating a page or two that are Web Forms. We are trying to reuse the Master Page from our MVC part of the app in the WebForms part. We have found a way of rendering an MVC partial view in web forms, which works great, until we try and do a postback, which is the reason for using a WebForm. The Error: Validation of viewstate MAC failed. If this application is hosted by a Web Farm or cluster, ensure that configuration specifies the same validationKey and validation algorithm. AutoGenerate cannot be used in a cluster. The Code to render the partial view from a WebForm (credited to "How to include a partial view inside a webform"): public static class WebFormMVCUtil { public static void RenderPartial(string partialName, object model) { //get a wrapper for the legacy WebForm context var httpCtx = new HttpContextWrapper(System.Web.HttpContext.Current); //create a mock route that points to the empty controller var rt = new RouteData(); rt.Values.Add("controller", "WebFormController"); //create a controller context for the route and http context var ctx = new ControllerContext( new RequestContext(httpCtx, rt), new WebFormController()); //find the partial view using the viewengine var view = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(ctx, partialName).View; //create a view context and assign the model var vctx = new ViewContext(ctx, view, new ViewDataDictionary { Model = model }, new TempDataDictionary()); //ERROR OCCURS ON THIS LINE view.Render(vctx, System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Output); } } My only experience with this error is in context of a web farm, which is not the case. Also, I understand that the machine key is used for decrypting the ViewState. Any information on how to diagnose this issue would be appreciated. A Work-around: So far the work-around is to move the header content to a PartialView, then use an AJAX call to call a page with just the Partial View from the WebForms, and then using the PartialView directly on the MVC Views. Also, we are still able to share non-tech-specific parts of the Master Page, i.e. anything that is not MVC specific. Still yet, this is not an ideal solution, a server-side solution is still desired. Also, this solutino has issues when working with controls that have more sophisticated controls, using JavaScript, particularly dynamically generated script as used by 3rd party controls.

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  • running a python script where dependencies are not avail: distributed computing

    - by sadhu_
    Hi, I have access to a grid (running condor) that would (potentially) allow to very substantially reduce how long by nltk based nlp tasks take. unfortunately, i dont have root access on the cluster so cannot install new packages, only run whatever is available on the linux boxes. python is of course available, but nltk isnt - i was wondering however, if there might be a way around this somehow ? is there a way i can somehow still distribute the task in a self-contained 'package' of some sort? Thanks for your hel

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  • Amazon EC2 - network issues

    - by Algorist
    Hi, We are launching hadoop cluster on amazon ec2 and recently we are having network issues like master unable to connect to slave. We thought the reason is due to amazon throttling the network connections over a limit. So, we tried to establish a connection after a random delay from each slave node. But, that didn't help. Are there any other suggestions? Thank you Bala

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  • Amazon Web Services : Fault tolerant solution

    - by Algorist
    Hi, I am using Boto library to write scripts for automating our jobs on AWS. My script actually starts a hadoop cluster using cloudera scripts and then does some customization. I am having a problem with retries. Seems like very command in my script fails once couple of days. I started adding retry to all the commands, but then the code is very clumsy and difficult to maintain. what do people do in general. Thank you Bala

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  • NoHostAvailableException With Cassandra & DataStax Java Driver If Large ResultSet

    - by hughj
    The setup: 2-node Cassandra 1.2.6 cluster replicas=2 very large CQL3 table with no secondary index Rowkey is a UUID.randomUUID().toString() read consistency set to ONE Using DataStax java driver 1.0 The request: Attempting to do a table scan by "SELECT some-col from schema.table LIMIT nnn;" The fail: Once I go beyond a certain nnn LIMIT, I start to get NoHostAvailableExceptions from the driver. It reads like this: com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions.NoHostAvailableException: All host(s) tried for query failed (tried: /10.181.13.239 ([/10.181.13.239] Unexpected exception triggered)) at com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions.NoHostAvailableException.copy(NoHostAvailableException.java:64) at com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSetFuture.extractCauseFromExecutionException(ResultSetFuture.java:214) at com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSetFuture.getUninterruptibly(ResultSetFuture.java:169) at com.jpmc.es.rtm.storage.impl.EventExtract.main(EventExtract.java:36) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:120) Caused by: com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions.NoHostAvailableException: All host(s) tried for query failed (tried: /10.181.13.239 ([/10.181.13.239] Unexpected exception triggered)) at com.datastax.driver.core.RequestHandler.sendRequest(RequestHandler.java:98) at com.datastax.driver.core.RequestHandler$1.run(RequestHandler.java:165) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) Given: This is probably not the most enlightened thing to do to a large table with millions of rows, but this is how I learn what not to do, so I would really appreciate someone who could volunteer how this kind of error can be debugged. For example, when this happens, there are no indications that the nodes in the cluster ever had an issue with the request (there is nothing in the logs on either node that indicate any timeout or failure). Also, I enabled the trace on the driver, which gives you some nice autotrace (ala Oracle) info as long as the query succeeds. But in this case, the driver blows a NoHostAvailableException and no ExecutionInfo is available, so tracing has not provided any benefit in this case. I also find it interesting that this does not seem to be recorded as a timeout (my JMX consoles tell me no timeouts have occurred). So, I am left not understanding WHERE the failure is actually occurring. I am left with the idea that it is the driver that is having a problem, but I don't know how to debug it (and I would really like to). I have read several posts from folks that state that query'g for resultSets 10000 rows is probably not a good idea, and I am willing to accept this, but I would like to understand what is causing the exception and where the exception is happening. FWIW, I also tried bumping the timeout properties in the cassandra.yaml, but this made no difference whatsoever. I welcome any suggestions, anecdotes, insults, or monetary contributions for my registration in the house of moron-developers. Regards!!

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  • How do I solve an AntiForgeryToken exception that occurs after an iisreset in my ASP.Net MVC app?

    - by Colin Newell
    I’m having problems with the AntiForgeryToken in ASP.Net MVC. If I do an iisreset on my web server and a user continues with their session they get bounced to a login page. Not terrible but then the AntiForgery token blows up and the only way to get going again is to blow away the cookie on the browser. With the beta version of version 1 it used to go wrong when reading the cookie back in for me so I used to scrub it before asking for a validation token but that was fixed when it was released. For now I think I’ll roll back to my code that fixed the beta problem but I can’t help but think I’m missing something. Is there a simpler solution, heck should I just drop their helper and create a new one from scratch? I get the feeling that a lot of the problem is the fact that it’s tied so deeply into the old ASP.Net pipeline and is trying to kludge it into doing something it wasn’t really designed to do. I had a look in the source code for the ASP.Net MVC 2 RC and it doesn't look like the code has changed much so while I haven't tried it, I don't think there are any answers there. Here is the relevant part of the stack trace of the exception. Edit: I just realised I didn't mention that this is just trying to insert the token on the GET request. This isn't the validation that occurs when you do a POST kicking off. System.Web.Mvc.HttpAntiForgeryException: A required anti-forgery token was not supplied or was invalid. ---> System.Web.HttpException: Validation of viewstate MAC failed. If this application is hosted by a Web Farm or cluster, ensure that <machineKey> configuration specifies the same validationKey and validation algorithm. AutoGenerate cannot be used in a cluster. ---> System.Web.UI.ViewStateException: Invalid viewstate. Client IP: 127.0.0.1 Port: 4991 User-Agent: scrubbed ViewState: scrubbed Referer: blah Path: /oursite/Account/Login ---> System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Padding is invalid and cannot be removed. at System.Security.Cryptography.RijndaelManagedTransform.DecryptData(Byte[] inputBuffer, Int32 inputOffset, Int32 inputCount, Byte[]& outputBuffer, Int32 outputOffset, PaddingMode paddingMode, Boolean fLast) at System.Security.Cryptography.RijndaelManagedTransform.TransformFinalBlock(Byte[] inputBuffer, Int32 inputOffset, Int32 inputCount) at System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock() at System.Web.Configuration.MachineKeySection.EncryptOrDecryptData(Boolean fEncrypt, Byte[] buf, Byte[] modifier, Int32 start, Int32 length, IVType ivType, Boolean useValidationSymAlgo) at System.Web.UI.ObjectStateFormatter.Deserialize(String inputString) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.UI.ViewStateException.ThrowError(Exception inner, String persistedState, String errorPageMessage, Boolean macValidationError) at System.Web.UI.ViewStateException.ThrowMacValidationError(Exception inner, String persistedState) at System.Web.UI.ObjectStateFormatter.Deserialize(String inputString) at System.Web.UI.ObjectStateFormatter.System.Web.UI.IStateFormatter.Deserialize(String serializedState) at System.Web.Mvc.AntiForgeryDataSerializer.Deserialize(String serializedToken) --- End of inner exception stack trace --- at System.Web.Mvc.AntiForgeryDataSerializer.Deserialize(String serializedToken) at System.Web.Mvc.HtmlHelper.GetAntiForgeryTokenAndSetCookie(String salt, String domain, String path) at System.Web.Mvc.HtmlHelper.AntiForgeryToken(String salt, String domain, String path)

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  • Scipy Negative Distance? What?

    - by disappearedng
    I have a input file which are all floating point numbers to 4 decimal place. i.e. 13359 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002` 0.0003 0.0007 ... (the first is the id). My class uses the loadVectorsFromFile method which multiplies it by 10000 and then int() these numbers. On top of that, I also loop through each vector to ensure that there are no negative values inside. However, when I perform _hclustering, I am continually seeing the error, "Linkage Z contains negative values". I seriously think this is a bug because: I checked my values, the values are no where small enough or big enough to approach the limits of the floating point numbers and the formula that I used to derive the values in the file uses absolute value (my input is DEFINITELY right). Can someone enligten me as to why I am seeing this weird error? What is going on that is causing this negative distance error? ===== def loadVectorsFromFile(self, limit, loc, assertAllPositive=True, inflate=True): """Inflate to prevent "negative" distance, we use 4 decimal points, so *10000 """ vectors = {} self.winfo("Each vector is set to have %d limit in length" % limit) with open( loc ) as inf: for line in filter(None, inf.read().split('\n')): l = line.split('\t') if limit: scores = map(float, l[1:limit+1]) else: scores = map(float, l[1:]) if inflate: vectors[ l[0]] = map( lambda x: int(x*10000), scores) #int might save space else: vectors[ l[0]] = scores if assertAllPositive: #Assert that it has no negative value for dirID, l in vectors.iteritems(): if reduce(operator.or_, map( lambda x: x < 0, l)): self.werror( "Vector %s has negative values!" % dirID) return vectors def main( self, inputDir, outputDir, limit=0, inFname="data.vectors.all", mappingFname='all.id.features.group.intermediate'): """ Loads vector from a file and start clustering INPUT vectors is { featureID: tfidfVector (list), } """ IDFeatureDic = loadIdFeatureGroupDicFromIntermediate( pjoin(self.configDir, mappingFname)) if not os.path.exists(outputDir): os.makedirs(outputDir) vectors = self.loadVectorsFromFile( limit, pjoin( inputDir, inFname)) for threshold in map( lambda x:float(x)/30, range(20,30)): clusters = self._hclustering(threshold, vectors) if clusters: outputLoc = pjoin(outputDir, "threshold.%s.result" % str(threshold)) with open(outputLoc, 'w') as outf: for clusterNo, cluster in clusters.iteritems(): outf.write('%s\n' % str(clusterNo)) for featureID in cluster: feature, group = IDFeatureDic[featureID] outline = "%s\t%s\n" % (feature, group) outf.write(outline.encode('utf-8')) outf.write("\n") else: continue def _hclustering(self, threshold, vectors): """function which you should call to vary the threshold vectors: { featureID: [ tfidf scores, tfidf score, .. ] """ clusters = defaultdict(list) if len(vectors) > 1: try: results = hierarchy.fclusterdata( vectors.values(), threshold, metric='cosine') except ValueError, e: self.werror("_hclustering: %s" % str(e)) return False for i, featureID in enumerate( vectors.keys()):

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  • sqlite over network share for failover

    - by reinier
    As a follow-up of this question: sqlite-over-a-network-share If I put the SQlite DB on a network share, but will not access it concurrently from different machines. I only have the SQLite db stored on a share so a cluster of failover computers can take over where one machine left off. Are there any inherent problems with that approach?

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  • Run Linux command as predefined user

    - by vijay.shad
    Hi all, I have created a shell script to start a server program. startup.sh start When above command will executes, it will try starts the server as adminuser. To achieve this my script has written like this. SUBIT="su - adminuser -c " SERVER_BOX_COMMAND_A="Server" ############## # Function to start cluster function start(){ $SUBIT "$SERVER_BOX_COMMAND_A" } When i execute the command it asks for password. Is there any other way to do this so, it will not ask for password.

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  • Can I use an NSDecimalNumber anywhere that an NSNumber is expected?

    - by Nick Forge
    NSDecimalNumber is a subclass of NSNumber, and from what I can tell, it implements all of the NSNumber methods as expected for an NSNumber instance. Given that, is it ok to give NSDecimalNumbers to any code that is expecting an NSNumber? The only possible issue might be code that checks that an argument is an instance of NSNumber, but since NSNumber is a class-cluster, code like this would have to check that the instance is a subclass of NSNumber, and NSDecimalNumber instances should pass the same tests.

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  • Jboss logging issue

    - by balaji
    I'm Working as deployer and server administrator. We use Jboss 4.0x AS to deploy our applications. The issue I'm facing is, Whenever we redeploy/restart the server, server.log is getting created but after sometime the logging goes off. Yes it is not at all updating the server.log file. Due to this, we could not trace the other critical issues we have. Actually we have two separate nodes and we do deploy/restarting the server separately on two nodes. We are facing the issue in both of our test and production environment. I could not trace out where exactly the issue is. Could you please help me in resolving the issue? If we have any other issues, we can check the log files. If log itself is not getting updated/logged, how can we move further in analyzing the issues without the recent/updated logs? Below are the logs found in the stdout.log: 18:55:50,303 INFO [Server] Core system initialized 18:55:52,296 INFO [WebService] Using RMI server codebase: http://kl121tez.is.klmcorp.net:8083/ 18:55:52,313 INFO [Log4jService$URLWatchTimerTask] Configuring from URL: resource:log4j.xml 18:55:52,860 ERROR [STDERR] LOG0026E The Log Manager cannot create the object AmasRBPFTraceLogger without a class name. 18:55:52,860 ERROR [STDERR] LOG0026E The Log Manager cannot create the object AmasRBPFMessageLogger without a class name. 18:55:54,273 ERROR [STDERR] LOG0026E The Log Manager cannot create the object AmasCacheTraceLogger without a class name. 18:55:54,274 ERROR [STDERR] LOG0026E The Log Manager cannot create the object AmasCacheMessageLogger without a class name. 18:55:54,334 ERROR [STDERR] LOG0026E The Log Manager cannot create the object JACCTraceLogger without a class name. 18:55:54,334 ERROR [STDERR] LOG0026E The Log Manager cannot create the object JACCMessageLogger without a class name. 18:55:56,059 INFO [ServiceEndpointManager] WebServices: jbossws-1.0.3.SP1 (date=200609291417) 18:55:56,635 INFO [Embedded] Catalina naming disabled 18:55:56,671 INFO [ClusterRuleSetFactory] Unable to find a cluster rule set in the classpath. Will load the default rule set. 18:55:56,672 INFO [ClusterRuleSetFactory] Unable to find a cluster rule set in the classpath. Will load the default rule set. 18:55:56,843 INFO [Http11BaseProtocol] Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-0.0.0.0-8180 18:55:56,844 INFO [Catalina] Initialization processed in 172 ms 18:55:56,844 INFO [StandardService] Starting service jboss.web

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  • Using Java for 'nslookup -type=srv'

    - by user321524
    Hi: Is there a way in Java to do a Nslookup search on SRV records? I need to bind to Active Directory and would like to use the SRV records to help determine which of the ADs in the cluster are live. In command line the nslookup search string is: 'nslookup -type=srv _ ldap._tcp.ActiveDirectory domain name' Thanks.

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  • Enthought Python, Sage, or others (in Unix clusters)

    - by vailen
    I am currently get access to a cluster of Unix machines, but they don't have the software I need (numpy, scipy, matplotlib, etc), and I have to install them by myself (I don't have the root permission, either, so commands like apt-get or yast doesn't work). In the worst case, I have to compile them all from source. Is there any better way to do so? I hear something about Enthought Python and Sage, but not sure what is the best way to do so. Any suggestion?

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  • How do I print out objects in an array in python?

    - by Jonathan
    I'm writing a code which performs a k-means clustering on a set of data. I'm actually using the code from a book called collective intelligence by O'Reilly. Everything works, but in his code he uses the command line and i want to write everything in notepad++. As a reference his line is >>>kclust=clusters.kcluster(data,k=10) >>>[rownames[r] for r in k[0]] Here is my code: from PIL import Image,ImageDraw def readfile(filename): lines=[line for line in file(filename)] # First line is the column titles colnames=lines[0].strip( ).split('\t')[1:] rownames=[] data=[] for line in lines[1:]: p=line.strip( ).split('\t') # First column in each row is the rowname rownames.append(p[0]) # The data for this row is the remainder of the row data.append([float(x) for x in p[1:]]) return rownames,colnames,data from math import sqrt def pearson(v1,v2): # Simple sums sum1=sum(v1) sum2=sum(v2) # Sums of the squares sum1Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v1]) sum2Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v2]) # Sum of the products pSum=sum([v1[i]*v2[i] for i in range(len(v1))]) # Calculate r (Pearson score) num=pSum-(sum1*sum2/len(v1)) den=sqrt((sum1Sq-pow(sum1,2)/len(v1))*(sum2Sq-pow(sum2,2)/len(v1))) if den==0: return 0 return 1.0-num/den class bicluster: def __init__(self,vec,left=None,right=None,distance=0.0,id=None): self.left=left self.right=right self.vec=vec self.id=id self.distance=distance def hcluster(rows,distance=pearson): distances={} currentclustid=-1 # Clusters are initially just the rows clust=[bicluster(rows[i],id=i) for i in range(len(rows))] while len(clust)>1: lowestpair=(0,1) closest=distance(clust[0].vec,clust[1].vec) # loop through every pair looking for the smallest distance for i in range(len(clust)): for j in range(i+1,len(clust)): # distances is the cache of distance calculations if (clust[i].id,clust[j].id) not in distances: distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)]=distance(clust[i].vec,clust[j].vec) #print 'i' #print i #print #print 'j' #print j #print d=distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)] if d<closest: closest=d lowestpair=(i,j) # calculate the average of the two clusters mergevec=[ (clust[lowestpair[0]].vec[i]+clust[lowestpair[1]].vec[i])/2.0 for i in range(len(clust[0].vec))] # create the new cluster newcluster=bicluster(mergevec,left=clust[lowestpair[0]], right=clust[lowestpair[1]], distance=closest,id=currentclustid) # cluster ids that weren't in the original set are negative currentclustid-=1 del clust[lowestpair[1]] del clust[lowestpair[0]] clust.append(newcluster) return clust[0] def kcluster(rows,distance=pearson,k=4): # Determine the minimum and maximum values for each point ranges=[(min([row[i] for row in rows]),max([row[i] for row in rows])) for i in range(len(rows[0]))] # Create k randomly placed centroids clusters=[[random.random( )*(ranges[i][1]-ranges[i][0])+ranges[i][0] for i in range(len(rows[0]))] for j in range(k)] lastmatches=None for t in range(100): print 'Iteration %d' % t bestmatches=[[] for i in range(k)] # Find which centroid is the closest for each row for j in range(len(rows)): row=rows[j] bestmatch=0 for i in range(k): d=distance(clusters[i],row) if d<distance(clusters[bestmatch],row): bestmatch=i bestmatches[bestmatch].append(j) # If the results are the same as last time, this is complete if bestmatches==lastmatches: break lastmatches=bestmatches # Move the centroids to the average of their members for i in range(k): avgs=[0.0]*len(rows[0]) if len(bestmatches[i])>0: for rowid in bestmatches[i]: for m in range(len(rows[rowid])): avgs[m]+=rows[rowid][m] for j in range(len(avgs)): avgs[j]/=len(bestmatches[i]) clusters[i]=avgs return bestmatches

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