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  • Using secure proxies with Google Chrome

    - by cYrus
    Whenever I use a secure proxy with Google Chrome I get ERR_PROXY_CERTIFICATE_INVALID, I tried a lot of different scenarios and versions. The certificate I'm using a self-signed certificate: openssl genrsa -out key.pem 1024 openssl req -new -key key.pem -out request.pem openssl x509 -req -days 30 -in request.pem -signkey key.pem -out certificate.pem Note: this certificate works (with a warning since it's self-signed) when I try to setup a simple HTTPS server. The proxy Then I start a secure proxy on localhost:8080. There are a several ways to accomplish this, I tried: a custom Node.js script; stunnel; node-spdyproxy (OK, this involves SPDY too, but later... the problem is the same); [...] The browser Then I run Google Chrome with: google-chrome --proxy-server=https://localhost:8080 http://superuser.com to load, say, http://superuser.com. The issue All I get is: Error 136 (net::ERR_PROXY_CERTIFICATE_INVALID): Unknown error. in the window, and something like: [13633:13639:1017/182333:ERROR:cert_verify_proc_nss.cc(790)] CERT_PKIXVerifyCert for localhost failed err=-8179 in the console. Note: this is not the big red warning that complains about insecure certificates. Now, I have to admit that I'm quite n00b for what concerns certificates and such, if I'm missing some fundamental points, please let me know.

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  • asterisk extensions.conf & sip.conf

    - by Josh
    I'm trying to get my Dialplan to work. When I call, the only thing I get is a dial tone to enter extension "no Background(thanks-calling) is played". When extension 123 is dialed, busy signal is triggered and asterisk CLI get frozen. Any help will be appreciate it. Conf files below. ; PSTN on sip.conf [pstn] type=friend host=dynamic context=pstn username=pstn secret=password nat=yes canreinvite=no dtmfmode=rfc2833 qualify=yes insecure=port,invite disallow=all allow=ulaw ; PSTN on extensions.conf [pstn] exten => s,1,Answer exten => s,2,Wait,2 exten => s,4,DigitTimeout,5 exten => s,5,ResponseTimeout,10 exten => s,6,Background(thanks-calling) exten => 0,1,Goto(incoming,123,1) ; (Member Services) [incoming] exten => 123,1,NoOP(${CALLERID}) ; show the caller ID info in the console exten => 123,n,Ringing() exten => 123,n,Answer() exten => 123,n,Playback(silence/1) exten => 123,n,Playback(connecting1) exten => 123,n,Wait(3) exten => 123,n,Dial(SIP/line1,60) exten => 123,n,Congestion

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  • Tell postfix to merge three Authentication-Results:-Lines into one?

    - by Peter
    I am running a postfix mta with debian wheezy. I am using postfix-policyd-spf-python, openkdim and opendmarc. When receiving e-mails from google (google apps with own domain) for example, the header looks like this: [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; dkim=pass reason="1024-bit key; insecure key" header.d=yyy.com [email protected] header.b=OswLe0N+; dkim-adsp=pass; dkim-atps=neutral<br> [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; spf=pass (sender SPF authorized) smtp.mailfrom=yyy.com (client-ip=2a00:1450:400c:c00::242; helo=mail-wg0-x242.google.com; [email protected]; [email protected]) [...] Authentication-Results: mail.xx.de; dmarc=pass header.from=yyy.com<br> [...] This means any of these programs creates it's own Authentication-Results:-Line. Is it possible to tell postfix to merge this into one single Authentication-Results:-Line? When I send an e-mail to google, it says: [...] Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected]; dmarc=pass (p=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=xxx.com [...] And this is exactly what I want. Just one Authentication-Results-Header. How can I do this? Thanks. Regards, Peter

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  • Apache: rewrite port 80 and 443 - multiple SSL vhosts setup

    - by Benjamin Jung
    SETUP: multiple SSL domains are configured on a single IP, by using vhosts with different port numbers (on which Apache listens) Apache 2.2.8 on Windows 2003 (no comments on this pls) too many Windows XP users so SNI isn't an option yet There may be reasons why it's wrong to use this approach, but it works for now. vhosts setup: # secure domain 1 <VirtualHost IP:443> SSL stuff specifying certificate etc. ServerName domain1.org </VirtualHost> # secure domain 2 <VirtualHost IP:81> SSL stuff for domain2.org ServerName domain2.org </VirtualHost> GOAL: Some folders inside the domain2.org docroot need to be secure. I used a .htaccess file to rewrite the URL to https on port 81: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^81$ RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}:81%{REQUEST_URI} [R] Suppose I put the .htaccess in the folder 'secfolder'. When accessing http://domain2.org/secfolder this gets succesfully rewritten to https://domain2.org:81/secfolder. ISSUE: When accessing https://domain2.org/secfolder (without port 81), the certificate from the first vhost (domain1.org) is used and the browser complains that the site is insecure because the certificate is not valid for domain2.org. I thought that RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^81$ would also rewrite https://domain2.org to https://domain2.org:81, but it doesn't. It seems that the .htaccess file is not being used at all in this case. At this point I am not sure how to apply a RewriteRule to https://domain2.org. I tried creating an additional vhost for domain2 on port 443 before the one for domain1.org, but Apache seems to choke on that. I hope someone of you has an idea how to approach this. TIA.

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  • Asterisk terminating outbound call when picked up, sends 'BYE' message

    - by vo
    I'm running Asterisk 1.6.1.10 / FreePBX 2.5.2.2 and I've got an outbound trunk setup. Everything use to work fine until recently (perhaps due to upgrade to FC12 or other things I'm not sure). Anyway the setup does not appear to have issues registering and setting up the call, RTP packets go both ways and you can hear the ringing from the other side. However it appears that when the call is picked up or thereabouts, the incoming RTP packets cease. Upon closer inspection with Wireshark, there are these particular packets that seem to be the cause: trunk->asterisk SIP/SD Status: 200 OK, with session description asterisk->trunk SIP Request: ACK sip:<phone>@trunk:6889 asterisk->trunk SIP Request: BYE sip:<phone>@trunk:6889 [..about a dozzen RTP packets in/outbound..] trunk->asterisk SIP Status: 200 OK, CSeq: 104 Bye [..outbound RTP continues, phone is silent..] Then the inbound RTP packets cease, however the asterisk logs dont show any activity at this point. The last entry reads 'SIP/ is answered SIP/'. Then when you hangup the extension, you get asterisk->trunk SIP Request: BYE sip:<phone>@trunk:6889 trunk->asterisk SIP Status: 481 Call Leg/Transaction does not exist My trunk peer settings in FreePBX are: username=<user> fromuser=<user> canreinvite=no type=friend secret=<pass> qualify=no [qualify yes produces 401/forbidden messages] nat=yes insecure=very host=<sip trunk gateway> fromdomain=<sip trunk gateway> disallow=all context=from-pstn allow=ulaw dtmfmode=inband Under sip_general_custom.conf i have stunaddr=stun.xten.com externrefresh=120 localnet=192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 nat=yes Whats causing Asterisk to prematurely end the call and still think the call is in progress? I have no idea where to look next.

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  • How (in)secure are cell phones in reality?

    - by Aron Rotteveel
    I was recently re-reading an old Wired article about the Kaminsky DNS Vulnerability and the story behind it. In this article there was a quote that came across a little bit exaggerated to me: "The first thing I want to say to you," Vixie told Kaminsky, trying to contain the flood of feeling, "is never, ever repeat what you just told me over a cell phone." Vixie knew how easy it was to eavesdrop on a cell signal, and he had heard enough to know that he was facing a problem of global significance. If the information were intercepted by the wrong people, the wired world could be held ransom. Hackers could wreak havoc. Billions of dollars were at stake, and Vixie wasn't going to take any risks. When reading this I could not help but feel like it was a bit blown-up and theatrical. Now, I know absolutely nothing about cell phones and the security problems involved, but to my understanding, cell phone security has quite improved over the past few years. So my question is: how insecure are cell phones in reality? Are there any good articles that dig a bit deeper into this matter?

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  • Allow incoming connections on Windows Server 2008 R2

    - by Richard-MX
    Good day people. First, im new to Windows Server. I've always used Linux/Apache combo, but, my client has and AWS EC2 Windows Server 2008 R2 instance and he wants everything in there. Im working with IIS and PHP enabled as Fast-CGI and everything is working, but, i cant see the websites stored in it from internet. The public DNS that AWS gave us for that instance is: http://ec2-XX-XXX-XXX-121.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/ But, if i copy paste that address, i get nothing, no IIS logo or something like that. My common sense tells me that maybe the firewall could be blocking the access. Can anyone help me and tell where to enable some rules to get this thing working? I don't wanna start enabling rules at random and make the system insecure. If you need any additional info, you can ask me and i will provide it. Thanks in advance. UPDATE: Amazon EC2 display this: Public DNS: ec2-XX-XXX-XXX-121.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com Private DNS: ip-XX-XXX-XX-252.us-west-2.compute.internal Private IPs: XX.XXX.XX.25 In my test microinstance, i just to use the Public DNS address (the one that starts with "ec2") and it works like a charm (of course, the micro instance have its own Public DNS im not assuming same address for both instances...) However, for the large instance, i tried to do the same. Set up everything as in the micro instance but if i use the Public DNS, it doesnt load anything. Im suspicious about the Windows Firewall, but, the HTTP related stuff is enabled. What should i do to get access to the large instance? I don't want to set up the domain yet, i want access from an amazon url. 2ND EDIT: all fixed. Charles pointed that maybe Security Groups was not properly set up for the instance. He was right. Just added HTTP service to the rules and all works good.

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  • Prevent outgoing traffic unless OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf on Mac OS X

    - by Nick
    I've been able to deny all connections to external networks unless my OpenVPN connection is active using pf.conf. However, I lose Wi-Fi connectivity if the connection is broken by closing and opening the laptop lid or toggling Wi-Fi off and on again. I'm on Mac OS 10.8.1. I connect to the Web via Wi-Fi (from varying locations, including Internet cafés). The OpenVPN connection is set up with Viscosity. I have the following packet filter rules set up in /etc/pf.conf # Deny all packets unless they pass through the OpenVPN connection wifi=en1 vpn=tun0 block all set skip on lo pass on $wifi proto udp to [OpenVPN server IP address] port 443 pass on $vpn I start the packet filter service with sudo pfctl -e and load the new rules with sudo pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf. I have also edited /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.pfctl.plist and changed the line <string>-f</string> to read <string>-ef</string> so that the packet filter launches at system startup. This all seems to works great at first: applications can only connect to the web if the OpenVPN connection is active, so I'm never leaking data over an insecure connection. But, if I close and reopen my laptop lid or turn Wi-Fi off and on again, the Wi-Fi connection is lost, and I see an exclamation mark in the Wi-Fi icon in the status bar. Clicking the Wi-Fi icon shows an "Alert: No Internet connection" message: To regain the connection, I have to disconnect and reconnect Wi-Fi, sometimes five or six times, before the "Alert: No Internet connection" message disappears and I'm able to open the VPN connection again. Other times, the Wi-Fi alert disappears of its own accord, the exclamation mark clears, and I'm able to connect again. Either way, it can take five minutes or more to get a connection again, which can be frustrating. Why does Wi-Fi report "No internet connection" after losing connectivity, and how can I diagnose this issue and fix it?

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  • NFS Datastore Appears Empty!

    - by daemonchild
    Hi guys, I've got an NFS server problem. The datastore connected and seems to be a valid datastore in both the vSphere client and under /vmfs/volumes. The issue is that it appears to be empty! I can create files (eg: touch /vmfs/volumes/nfs_common/thefile) and it is correctly written to the nfs store. I can verify this by looking on the nfs server itself. But the vmkernel only sees an empty datastore; the file disappears. Another freebsd box can mount the same NFS share and see the files correctly. Some useful data: ESXi 4.0.0 Build 208167 NFS is unfsd running on a Buffalo Linkstation Pro Duo (a bit hacky I know). The share has file system permissions set to 777 at the moment. My /etc/exports is as follows, and as I say it connects fine. /mnt/array1/ESX_Shared 192.168.16.0/255.255.255.0(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) The ESXi servers can also successfully mount NFS shares from other NFS servers. Any ideas guys? Thanks, Tom

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  • asterisk extensions.conf & sip.conf

    - by Josh
    I'm trying to get my Dialplan to work. When I call, the only thing I get is a dial tone to enter extension "no Background(thanks-calling) is played". When extension 123 is dialed, busy signal is triggered and asterisk CLI get frozen. Any help will be appreciate it. Conf files below. ; PSTN on sip.conf [pstn] type=friend host=dynamic context=pstn username=pstn secret=password nat=yes canreinvite=no dtmfmode=rfc2833 qualify=yes insecure=port,invite disallow=all allow=ulaw ; PSTN on extensions.conf [pstn] exten => s,1,Answer exten => s,2,Wait,2 exten => s,4,DigitTimeout,5 exten => s,5,ResponseTimeout,10 exten => s,6,Background(thanks-calling) exten => 0,1,Goto(incoming,123,1) ; (Member Services) [incoming] exten => 123,1,NoOP(${CALLERID}) ; show the caller ID info in the console exten => 123,n,Ringing() exten => 123,n,Answer() exten => 123,n,Playback(silence/1) exten => 123,n,Playback(connecting1) exten => 123,n,Wait(3) exten => 123,n,Dial(SIP/line1,60) exten => 123,n,Congestion

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  • Gnome-panel disappearance in Ubuntu 10.10

    - by jurchiks
    Just today, after about a week of somewhat normal running (I'm a total beginner in Linux and the level of amazingly stupid problems I encountered made me go nuts), today my panel disappeared (the one with Applications/System menus, you'd call it taskbar in Windows). Also, Alt+F2 doesn't work and Ctrl+Alt+Backspace has no effect (I'd think it's supposed to do something). I tried the solution posted here: Panel doesn't show at startup at Ubuntu 10.04 No luck, didn't change absolutely anything. I also couldn't find the .gconf and .gconfd folders using search, so couldn't try that option. There were ones that had same names but without the dot though, but there were several so I didn't risk. What could possibly be the reason for this? All I did yesterday was try to install some updates (another extremely dumb problem - doesn't allow to install even the official updates - "insecure sources" or smth like that, tried fixing it with some tutorials on the net but in the end it worked only for half a day and went back to refusal mode :@) and very few tools from the Ubuntu Software Center, but nothing that would change system settings just by installing it.

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  • How should I set up protection for the database against sql injection when all the php scripts are flawed?

    - by Tchalvak
    I've inherited a php web app that is very insecure, with a history of sql injection. I can't fix the scripts immediately, I rather need them to be running to have the website running, and there are too many php scripts to deal with from the php end first. I do, however, have full control over the server and the software on the server, including full control over the mysql database and it's users. Let's estimate it at something like 300 scripts overall, 40 semi-private scripts, and 20 private/secure scripts. So my question is how best to go about securing the data, with the implicit assumption that sql injection from the php side (e.g. somewhere in that list of 300 scripts) is inevitable? My first-draft plan is to create multiple tiers of different permissioned users in the mysql database. In this way I can secure the data & scripts in most need of securing first ("private/secure" category), then the second tier of database tables & scripts ("semi-private"), and finally deal with the security of the rest of the php app overall (with the result of finally securing the database tables that essentially deal with "public" information, e.g. stuff that even just viewing the homepage requires). So, 3 database users (public, semi-private, and secure), with a different user connecting for each of three different groups of scripts (the secure scripts, the semi-private scripts, and the public scripts). In this way, I can prevent all access to "secure" from "public" or from "semi-private", and to "semi-private" from "public". Are there other alternatives that I should look into? If a tiered access system is the way to go, what approaches are best?

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  • Making libmagic/file detect .docx files

    - by Jonatan Littke
    As seen elsewhere, docx, xlsx and pttx are ZIPs. When uploading them to my web application, file (via libmagic andpython-magic) detects them as being ZIP. I store the contents of the file as a blob in the database, but naturally I don't want to trust the user with what kind of file type this is. So I would like to trust file for and automatically generate a filename during download. I know one can modify /etc/magic but the format (magic(5)) is way too complicated for me. I found a bug report on the issue at Debian bugs but since it's from 2008 it doesn't seem to be fixed any time soon. I guess my only other alternative is to indeed trust the user (but still store the contents as a blob) and only check the file extension based on the file name. This way I can disallow some extensions and allow others. And when the user re-downloads his file, he can have it in whatever way he uploaded it. But this solution is insecure if the file is shared with others, since you can simply rename the file to allow uploading it. Any ideas? Lastly, I found a list of magic numbers for docx etc, but I'm unable to convert these into the magic(5) format.

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  • Connecting to unsecured wireless network

    - by Sanchez
    I would like to know what information is public and can be intercepted in a non-open, but unsecured wireless network. Moreover, is there anything I can do to make it more "secure", other than using https connection whenever possible. In more details, I recently discovered (with surprise) that the wireless network in my school is actually unsecured. Although not everyone can connect to it (you need a student ID), I am told that certain softwares like Wireshark would be able to intercept the data. Since I have been using the network for all private purposes (email, facebook etc), I do feel quite insecure now and would like to understand the situation a bit better. I installed Wireshark and tried to play with it but all I can see are something alien to me. In any case, all I see seems to come directly/indirectly from my IP address, and I have long thought that usually different computers in the same wireless network would be assigned different addresses. Am I wrong? If not, then I feel very confused about what information is actually being captured (potentially by other users in the network, since I don't think I could capture activities of others in the same network anyway), and whether it's safe to use the network at all. (Gambling on others in the same network showing good behaviour is apparently not an option.) Thank you.

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  • How Do I Stop NFS Clients from Using All of the NFS Server's Resources?

    - by Ken S.
    I have a v4 NFS server running on Ubuntu 12.04LTS. It is the main repository for the web assets that four external nginx webservers mount to serve up to site visitors. These client servers connect to it via a read-only mount. Each of these RO servers has this displayed when I check the mounts: 10.0.0.90:/assets on /var/www/assets type nfs4 (ro,addr=10.0.0.90,clientaddr=0.0.0.0) The NFS master's /etc/exports file contains entries like this for each server: /mnt/lvm-ext4 10.0.0.40(ro,fsid=0,insecure,no_subtree_check,async) The problem that I'm seeing is that these clients are eventually utilizing all the RAM on the NFS server and causing it to crash. If I do a watch free -m I can watch the used memory creep up until it's used and then see the free buffers/cache entry creep down to near zero before the server eventually locks up requiring a reboot. There is some sort of memory leak somewhere that is causing this, and the optimal solution would be to find it and fix it, but in the meantime I need to find a way to have the NFS server protect itself from connected clients using all it's RAM. There must be some sort of setting that limits the resources the clients can use, but I can't seem to find it. I've tried adjusting the values for rsize and wsize but they don't seem to help or be related. Thanks for any tips.

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  • Reading log files from web application

    - by Egorinsk
    I want to write a small PHP application for monitoring logs on a Debian server, including syslog logs and Apache/PHP messages. The problem here is that Apache user (www-data) has no access to /var/log directory. What would be the best way to grant an access to logs for PHP application? Let's assume that log files can be really large, like hundreds of megabytes. I have some ideas: Write a shell script that would be run via sudo and tail last 512 Kb of log into a separate file that can be read by application - that's ineffective, because of forking a new process and having to read data twice Add www-data to adm group (that can read logs) - that's insecure Start a PHP process via cron every minute to read logs — that's not very good, because it doesn't allow real-time monitoring. Also, this script will be started even when I don't read logs, and consume CPU time (server is in the cloud, and I'll have to pay for it) Create a hardlink for all log files with lowered permissions - I guess, that won't work because logrotate could recreate log files and they'll change inode number. Start a separate nginx/Apache server under privileged user that may read logs. Maybe anyone got a better solution?

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  • Creating multiple SFTP users for one account

    - by Tom Marthenal
    I'm in the process of migrating an aging shared-hosting system to more modern technologies. Right now, plain old insecure FTP is the only way for customers to access their files. I plan on replacing this with SFTP, but I need a way to create multiple SFTP users that correspond to one UNIX account. A customer has one account on the machine (e.g. customer) with a home directory like /home/customer/. Our clients are used to being able to create an arbitrary number of FTP accounts for their domains (to give out to different people). We need the same capability with SFTP. My first thought is to use SSH keys and just add each new "user" to authorized_keys, but this is confusing for our customers, many of whom are not technically-inclined and would prefer to stick with passwords. SSH is not an issue, only SFTP is available. How can we create multiple SFTP accounts (customer, customer_developer1, customer_developer2, etc.) that all function as equivalents and don't interfere with file permissions (ideally, all files should retain customer as their owner)? My initial thought was some kind of PAM module, but I don't have a clear idea of how to accomplish this within our constraints. We are open to using an alternative SSH daemon if OpenSSH isn't suitable for our situation; again, it needs to support only SFTP and not SSH. Currently our SSH configuration has this appended to it in order to jail the users in their own directories: # all customers have group 'customer' Match group customer ChrootDirectory /home/%u # jail in home directories AllowTcpForwarding no X11Forwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp # force SFTP PasswordAuthentication yes # for non-customer accounts we use keys instead Our servers are running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

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  • Possible Solution for Setting up a Linux VPN Server to Encrypt WLAN Traffic of Macs and iPhones on

    - by GorillaPatch
    I would like to set up a VPN server on debian linux to encrypt wireless traffic coming from my Mac or iOS device. I would like to use a certificate-based solution. Setting up a PKI infrastructure and managing certificates is OK for me. 1. Which server to pick? By looking through the internet and here on stackoverflow I found the following possible solutions: strongSwan IPSec and racoon Which solution is feasible for a linode running debian squeeze? 2. How to configure the network? If I understood correctly a VPN has a virtual network interface as an endpoint on the server side. Naively I would think that I need a DHCP server running on the server to assign a dynamic private IP (like of the class C network 192.168.xxx.xxx) to the connecting clients. Next I think I would need to set up masquerading to NAT the incoming VPN traffic to the real interface directly connected to the internet. Is this the right way to go? Do you have any configuration examples? I often saw VPN configurations used to connect to your home network, but that is not what I am looking for. I have a server up in the internet and want to use it as a proxy to encrypt traffic in insecure network environments like public WLANs.

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  • Simple, centralized user management on a small LAN - NIS or LDAP?

    - by einpoklum
    I'm setting up a small LAN for my team. It will, for all intents and purposes, not be connected to any external networks. I would it to have centralized control of user accounts (at least, I think I'd like that; I'm also considering using puppet, so theoretically I could just push /etc/passwd changes, or something). The number of machines is fixed, but not very small. Mostly they're 'attached' to a single user, but sometimes people work remotely on someone else's box; and there are a couple of servers. I've read this question, but my scenario is much simpler (even simpler than in this question) and I'd like to do something (relatively) quick, with not much hassle, but not a dirty totally-insecure hack. Is NIS relevant for my scenario? If not, what's the most hassle-free way to set up LDAP (or LDAP+Kerberos) to achieve the same? Notes: I have no experience with setting up either NIS or LDAP. We use Debian-flavored Linux distributions, mainly Kubuntu 12.04 (not my choice, but that's the way it is).

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  • Verification of downloaded package with rpm

    - by moooeeeep
    I wanted to install a package on CentOS 6 via rpm (e.g., the current epel-release). EDIT: Of course I would always prefer the installation via yum but somehow I failed to get that specific package installed using this normal approach. As such, the EPEL/FAQ recommends Version 2. As I'm downloading the package through an insecure channel (http) I wanted to make sure that the integrity of the file is verified using information that is not provided with the downloaded file itself. Is this especially true for all of these approaches? I've seen various approaches to this on the internet: Version 1 rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm Version 2 rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm Version 3 wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm rpm --import https://fedoraproject.org/static/0608B895.txt rpm -K epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm rpm -i epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm I do not know rpm very well, so I wondered how they might differ? My guess (after reading the manpage) is that the first should only be used when the package is previously not installed, the second would additionally remove previous versions of the package after installation, the first two omit some verification steps before the actual installation that are done by rpm -K. So my main questions at this point are Are my guesses correct or am I missing something? Is the rpm --import ... implicitly done for the first two approaches as well, and if not, isn't it necessary to do so after all? Are these additional checks performed by rpm -K ... any relevant? What is the best (most secure, most reliable, most maintainable, ...) way of installing packages via rpm in general?

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  • Reverse SSH tunnel: how can I send my port number to the server?

    - by Tom
    I have two machines, Client and Server. Client (who is behind a corporate firewall) opens a reverse SSH tunnel to Server, which has a publicly-accessible IP address, using this command: ssh -nNT -R0:localhost:2222 [email protected] In OpenSSH 5.3+, the 0 occurring just after the -R means "pick an available port" rather than explicitly calling for one. The reason I'm doing this is because I don't want to pick a port that's already in use. In truth, there are actually many Clients out there that need to set up similar tunnels. The problem at this point is that the server does not know which Client is which. If we want to connect back to one of these Clients (via localhost) then how do we know which port refers to which client? I'm aware that ssh reports the port number to the command line when used in the above manner. However, I'd also like to use autossh to keep the sessions alive. autossh runs its child process via fork/exec, presumably, so that the output of the actual ssh command is lost in the ether. Furthermore, I can't think of any other way to get the remote port from Client. Thus, I'm wondering if there is a way to determine this port on Server. One idea I have is to somehow use /etc/sshrc, which is supposedly a script that runs for every connection. However, I don't know how one would get the pertinent information here (perhaps the PID of the particular sshd process handling that connection?) I'd love some pointers. Thanks!

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  • What are the possible problems, when wget returns code 500 but same request works in normal browsers?

    - by markus
    What should I be looking for, when wget returns 500 but the same URL works fine in my web browser? I don't see any access_log entries that seem to be related to the error. DEBUG output created by Wget 1.14 on linux-gnu. <SSL negotiation info stripped out> ---request begin--- GET /survey/de/tools/clear-caches/password/<some-token> HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Wget/1.14 (linux-gnu) Accept: */* Host: testing.thesurveylab.net Connection: Keep-Alive ---request end--- HTTP request sent, awaiting response... ---response begin--- HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2012 14:53:07 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) Set-Cookie: blueprint2-staging=8jnbmkqapl30hjkgo0u6956pd1; path=/ Expires: Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0 Pragma: no-cache Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=8640000;includeSubdomains X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1 Content-Length: 5 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 ---response end--- 500 Internal Server Error Stored cookie testing.thesurveylab.net -1 (ANY) / <session> <insecure> [expiry none] blueprint2-staging 8jnbmkqapl30hjkgo0u6956pd1 Closed 3/SSL 0x0000000001f33430 2012-12-12 15:53:07 ERROR 500: Internal Server Error.

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  • Reading log files from web application

    - by Egorinsk
    Hi! I want to write a small PHP application for monitoring logs on a Debian server, including syslog logs and Apache/PHP messages. The problem here is that Apache user (www-data) has no access to /var/log directory. What would be the best way to grant an access to logs for PHP application? Let's assume that log files can be really large, like hundreds of megabytes. I have some ideas: Write a shell script that would be run via sudo and tail last 512 Kb of log into a separate file that can be read by application - that's ineffective, because of forking a new process and having to read data twice Add www-data to adm group (that can read logs) - that's insecure Start a PHP process via cron every minute to read logs — that's not very good, because it doesn't allow real-time monitoring. Also, this script will be started even when I don't read logs, and consume CPU time (server is in the cloud, and I'll have to pay for it) Create a hardlink for all log files with lowered permissions - I guess, that won't work because logrotate could recreate log files and they'll change inode number. Start a separate nginx/Apache server under privileged user that may read logs. Maybe anyone got a better solution?

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  • Fusion Concepts: Fusion Database Schemas

    - by Vik Kumar
    You often read about FUSION and FUSION_RUNTIME users while dealing with Fusion Applications. There is one more called FUSION_DYNAMIC. Here are some details on the difference between these three and the purpose of each type of schema. FUSION: It can be considered as an Administrator of the Fusion Applications with all the corresponding rights and powers such as owning tables and objects, providing grants to FUSION_RUNTIME.  It is used for patching and has grants to many internal DBMS functions. FUSION_RUNTIME: Used to run the Applications.  Contains no DB objects. FUSION_DYNAMIC: This schema owns the objects that are created dynamically through ADM_DDL. ADM_DDL is a package that acts as a wrapper around the DDL statement. ADM_DDL support operations like truncate table, create index etc. As the above statements indicate that FUSION owns the tables and objects including FND tables so using FUSION to run applications is insecure. It would be possible to modify security policies and other key information in the base tables (like FND) to break the Fusion Applications security via SQL injection etc. Other possibilities would be to write a logon DB trigger and steal credentials etc. Thus, to make Fusion Applications secure FUSION_RUNTIME is granted privileges to execute DMLs only on APPS tables. Another benefit of having separate users is achieving Separation of Duties (SODs) at schema level which is required by auditors. Below are the roles and privileges assigned to FUSION, FUSION_RUNTIME and FUSION_DYNAMIC schema: FUSION It has the following privileges: Create SESSION Do all types of DDL owned by FUSION. Additionally, some specific priveleges on other schemas is also granted to FUSION. EXECUTE ON various EDN_PUBLISH_EVENT It has the following roles: CTXAPP for managing Oracle Text Objects AQ_SER_ROLE and AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE for managing Advanced Queues (AQ) FUSION_RUNTIME It has the following privileges: CREATE SESSION CHANGE NOTIFICATION EXECUTE ON various EDN_PUBLISH_EVENT It has the following roles: FUSION_APPS_READ_WRITE for performing DML (Select, Insert, Delete) on Fusion Apps tables FUSION_APPS_EXECUTE for performing execute on objects such as procedures, functions, packages etc. AQ_SER_ROLE and AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE for managing Advanced Queues (AQ) FUSION_DYNAMIC It has following privileges: CREATE SESSION, PROCEDURE, TABLE, SEQUENCE, SYNONYM, VIEW UNLIMITED TABLESPACE ANALYZE ANY CREATE MINING MODEL EXECUTE on specific procedure, function or package and SELECT on specific tables. This depends on the objects identified by product teams that ADM_DDL needs to have access  in order to perform dynamic DDL statements. There is one more role FUSION_APPS_READ_ONLY which is not attached to any user and has only SELECT privilege on all the Fusion objects. FUSION_RUNTIME does not have any synonyms defined to access objects owned by FUSION schema. A logon trigger is defined in FUSION_RUNTIME which sets the current schema to FUSION and eliminates the need of any synonyms.   What it means for developers? Fusion Application developers should be using FUSION_RUNTIME for testing and running Fusion Applications UI, BC and to connect to any SQL front end like SQL *PLUS, SQL Loader etc. For testing ADFbc using AM tester while using FUSION_RUNTIME you may hit the following error: oracle.jbo.JboException: JBO-29000: Unexpected exception caught: java.sql.SQLException, msg=invalid name pattern: FUSION.FND_TABLE_OF_VARCHAR2_255 The fix is to add the below JVM parameter in the Run/Debug client property in the Model project properties -Doracle.jdbc.createDescriptorUseCurrentSchemaForSchemaName=true More details are discussed in this forum thread for it.

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  • UnauthorizedAccessException on MemoryMappedFile in C# 4.

    - by Kevin Nisbet
    Hey, I wanted to play around with using a MemoryMappedFile to access an existing binary file. If this even at all possible or am I a crazy person? The idea would be to map the existing binary file directly to memory for some preferably higher-speed operations. Or to atleast see how these things worked. using System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles; System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo(@"C:\testparsercap.pcap"); MemoryMappedFileSecurity sec = new MemoryMappedFileSecurity(); System.IO.FileStream file = fi.Open(System.IO.FileMode.Open, System.IO.FileAccess.ReadWrite, System.IO.FileShare.ReadWrite); MemoryMappedFile mf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile(file, "testpcap", fi.Length, MemoryMappedFileAccess.Read, sec, System.IO.HandleInheritability.Inheritable, true); MemoryMappedViewAccessor FileMapView = mf.CreateViewAccessor(); PcapHeader head = new PcapHeader(); FileMapView.Read<PcapHeader>(0, out head); I get System.UnauthorizedAccessException was unhandled (Message=Access to the path is denied.) on the mf.CreateViewAccessor() line. I don't think it's file-permissions, since I'm running as a nice insecure administrator user, and there aren't any other programs open that might have a read-lock on the file. This is on Vista with UAC disabled. If it's simply not possible and I missed something in the documentation, please let me know. I could barely find anything at all referencing this feature of .net 4.0 Thanks!

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