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  • java - codesprint2 programming contest answer

    - by arya
    I recently took part in Codesprint2. I was unable to submit the solution to the following question. http://www.spoj.pl/problems/COINTOSS/ ( I have posted the link to the problem statement at spoj because the codesprint link requires login ) I checked out one of the successful solutions, ( url : http://pastebin.com/uQhNh9Rc ) and the logic used is exactly the same as mine, yet I am still getting "Wrong Answer" I would be very thankful if someone could please tell me what error I have made, as I am unable to find it. Thank you. My code : import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.text.DecimalFormat; import java.util.StringTokenizer; public class Solution { static double solve( int n, int m ) { if( m==n ) return 0; if( m==0 ) return ( Math.pow( 2, n+1 ) - 2 ); else { double res = 1 + ( Double )( solve( n, m+1 ) + solve( n, 0 ))/2; return res; } } public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException { BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( System.in )); int n, m; int t = Integer.parseInt( br.readLine() ); StringTokenizer tok; String s; for( int T=0; T<t; T++ ) { s = br.readLine(); tok = new StringTokenizer( s ); n = Integer.parseInt( tok.nextToken() ); m = Integer.parseInt( tok.nextToken() ); DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat(); df.setMaximumFractionDigits(2); df.setMinimumFractionDigits(2); System.out.println( df.format ( solve( n, m ) )); } } }

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  • Intellisense on custom types in Iron Python

    - by Anish Patel
    Hi everybody, I'm just starting to play around with IronPython and am having a hard time using it with custom types created in C#. I can get IronPython to load in assemblies from C# classes, but I'm struggling without the help of intellisense. If I have a class in C# as defined below, how can I make it so that IronPython will be able to see the methods/properties that are available in it? public class Person { public string Name { get; set; } public int Age{ get; set; } public double Weight{ get; set; } public double Height { get; set; } public double CalculateBMI() { return Weight/Math.Pow(Height, 2); } } In Iron python I'd instance a Person object as follows: newPerson = Person() newPerson.Name = 'John' newPerson.Age = 25 newPerson.Weight = 75 newPerson.Height = 1.70 newPerson.CalculateBMI() The thing that is annoying me is that I want to be able to say newPerson = Person() And then be able to see all the methods and properties associated with the person object whenever I type: newPerson. Anyone have any ideas if this can be done?

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  • Thread-safty of boost RNG

    - by Maciej Piechotka
    I have a loop which should be nicely pararellized by insering one openmp pragma: boost::normal_distribution<double> ddist(0, pow(retention, i - 1)); boost::variate_generator<gen &, BOOST_TYPEOF(ddist)> dgen(rng, ddist); // Diamond const std::uint_fast32_t dno = 1 << i - 1; // #pragma omp parallel for for (std::uint_fast32_t x = 0; x < dno; x++) for (std::uint_fast32_t y = 0; y < dno; y++) { const std::uint_fast32_t diff = size/dno; const std::uint_fast32_t x1 = x*diff, x2 = (x + 1)*diff; const std::uint_fast32_t y1 = y*diff, y2 = (y + 1)*diff; double avg = (arr[x1][y1] + arr[x1][y2] + arr[x2][y1] + arr[x2][y2])/4; arr[(x1 + x2)/2][(y1 + y2)/2] = avg + dgen(); } (unless I make an error each execution does not depend on others at all. Sorry that not all of code is inserted). However my question is - are boost RNG thread-safe? They seems to refer to gcc code for gcc so even if gcc code is thread-safe it may not be the case for other platforms.

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  • Best solution for an StringToInt function in C#

    - by StefanE
    Hi, I were asked to do an StringToInt / Int.parse function on the white board in an job interview last week and did not perform very good but I came up with some sort of solution. Later when back home I made one in Visual Studion and I wonder if there are any better solution than mine below. Have not bothred with any more error handling except checking that the string only contains digits. private int StrToInt(string tmpString) { int tmpResult = 0; System.Text.Encoding ascii = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII; byte[] tmpByte = ascii.GetBytes(tmpString); for (int i = 0; i <= tmpString.Length-1; i++) { // Check whatever the Character is an valid digit if (tmpByte[i] > 47 && tmpByte[i] <= 58) // Here I'm using the lenght-1 of the string to set the power and multiply this to the value tmpResult += (tmpByte[i] - 48) * ((int)Math.Pow(10, (tmpString.Length-i)-1)); else throw new Exception("Non valid character in string"); } return tmpResult; }

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  • JavaScript: why `null == 0` is false?

    - by lemonedo
    I had to write a routine that increments the value of a variable by 1 if it is a number, or assigns 0 to the variable if it is not a number. The variable can be incremented by the expression, or be assigned null. No other write access to the variable is allowed. So, the variable can be in three states: it is 0, a positive integer, or null. My first implementation was: v >= 0 ? v += 1 : v = 0 (Yes, I admit that v === null ? v = 0 : v += 1 is the exact solution, but I wanted to be concise then.) It failed since null >= 0 is true. I was confused, since if a value is not a number, an numeric expression involving it must be false always. Then I found that null is like 0, since null + 1 == 1, 1 / null == Infinity, Math.pow(2.718281828, null) == 1, ... Strangely enough, however, null == 0 is evaluated to false. I guess null is the only value that makes the following expression false: (v == 0) === (v >= 0 && v <= 0) So why null is so special in JavaScript?

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  • jQuery form zip code to state function

    - by Dakota R.
    I'm trying to convert a preexisting javascript function into a jQuery function. The function comes from http://javascript.internet.com/forms/zip-to-state.html and aims to convert a user-entered zip code into a state. I'm using jQuery 1.3.2, with all the necessary plugins, but I'm not very familiar with jQuery syntax and how to convert this from plain ol' Javascript syntax. The setState function takes two parameters, the zip code element and the state element, so I'm trying to do something like this: $('$zip_code').change( function () { setState($(this), $('#state')); }); Any thoughts on this syntax? Thanks, Dakota function getState(zip) { if ((parseInt(zipString.substr(zip / 4, 1), 16) & Math.pow(2, zip % 4)) && (zip.length == 5)) for (var i = 0; i < stateRange.length; i += 7) if (zip <= 1 * stateRange.substr(i, 5)) return stateRange.substr(i + 5, 2); return null; } function setState(txtZip, optionBox) { if (txtZip.value.length != 5 || isNaN(txtZip.value / 4)) { optionBox.options[0].selected = true; alert("Please enter a 5 digit, numeric zip code."); return; } var state = getState(txtZip.value); for (var i = 0; i < optionBox.options.length; i++) if (optionBox.options[i].value == state) return optionBox.options[i].selected = true; for (var i = 0; i < optionBox.options.length; i++) if (optionBox.options[i].value == "XX") return optionBox.options[i].selected = true; }

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  • Decimal To Octal Converter, last digit issue

    - by Srishan Supertramp
    I tried making a C program to convert a user entered decimal number to octal. I wrote the C code with my own logic without any research of how other users try to do it. It works fine for the number 601 and some other numbers but for most numbers it returns the octal equivalent with the last digit being 1 less than it should be. For 75 it returns 112 instead of 113. I realize using printf with %o gets the job done but it's kind of defeating the purpose of learning to program. Here's my code: #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> /* converting decimal to octal */ int main() { int n,x,y,p,s; printf("Enter a decimal number "); scanf("%d",&x); s=0;p=0; while (x!=0) { y=x%8; s=s+y*pow(10,p); x=(x-y)/8; p=p+1; } printf("the octal equivalent is: %d\n",s); getch(); return 0; }

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  • Time complexity of a powerset generating function

    - by Lirik
    I'm trying to figure out the time complexity of a function that I wrote (it generates a power set for a given string): public static HashSet<string> GeneratePowerSet(string input) { HashSet<string> powerSet = new HashSet<string>(); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(input)) return powerSet; int powSetSize = (int)Math.Pow(2.0, (double)input.Length); // Start at 1 to skip the empty string case for (int i = 1; i < powSetSize; i++) { string str = Convert.ToString(i, 2); string pset = str; for (int k = str.Length; k < input.Length; k++) { pset = "0" + pset; } string set = string.Empty; for (int j = 0; j < pset.Length; j++) { if (pset[j] == '1') { set = string.Concat(set, input[j].ToString()); } } powerSet.Add(set); } return powerSet; } So my attempt is this: let the size of the input string be n in the outer for loop, must iterate 2^n times (because the set size is 2^n). in the inner for loop, we must iterate 2*n times (at worst). 1. So Big-O would be O((2^n)*n) (since we drop the constant 2)... is that correct? And n*(2^n) is worse than n^2. if n = 4 then (4*(2^4)) = 64 (4^2) = 16 if n = 100 then (10*(2^10)) = 10240 (10^2) = 100 2. Is there a faster way to generate a power set, or is this about optimal?

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  • How would you update 100+ variables if something is changed in a different class?

    - by N. Lucas
    I have a class Grid which produces a graph paper like grid on in the drawing area. I then have 5 other classes for different shapes to draw with; Line, Polygon, Ellipse, Curve, Arc Now, these 5 classes use an instance of Grid because Grid has a resolution and a scale. Inside Grid I have: public function set resolution(x:Number):void { _gap = (modBy10(x) / 10); _scale = (modBy10(x) / (this.resolution * _scale)); draw(); } public function get resolution():Number { return (_gap * 10); } public function set scale(x:Number):void { _scale = (this.resolution / x); } public function get scale():Number { return _scale; } /**/ public function scaleLength(x:Number):Number { return (x * this.scale); } public function scaleLengthDown(x:Number):Number { return (x / this.scale); } public function scaleArea(x:Number):Number { return (x / Math.pow(this.scale, 2)); } I'm just lost for a solution on how to update every instance of my 5 drawing classes when Grid is changed. For instance, Polygon is made up of multiple instances of Line, Line(length, angle) where "length" is in either in, ft, cm, or m. If the user wishes to change the scale from say 10ft per 100px resolution.. Is there an easier way than re-drawing every Line inside Polygon?

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  • loop is cut one element of the array

    - by Walaa
    The problem is : Write a program that reads a number n and then declares an array of n elements. The program then fills the array with the first n numbers, where each number is two to the power of the previous. Finally, display array’s contents. My code : import java.util.*; public class Q1 { static Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in); public static void main(String args [] ) { int num; int i = 0; System.out.println("Enter a number :"); num = scan.nextInt(); double [] a=new double[num]; a[0]= num ; for ( ;i<=a.length-1 ; i++) { a[i+1] = Math.pow(2,a[i]); System.out.println((int)(a[i]) ); } } } The error is : ----jGRASP exec: java Q1 Enter a number : 4 4 16 65536 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 4 at Q1.main(Q1.java:16) ----jGRASP wedge2: exit code for process is 1. why it says that? And the number by user printed twice!

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  • Hashing Function for Map C++

    - by Josh
    I am trying to determine a hash function which takes an input (i, k) and determines a unique solution. The possible inputs for (i, k) range from 0 to 100. Consider each (i, k) as a position of a node in a trinomial tree. Ex: (0, 0) can diverge to (1, 1) (1, 0) (1, -1). (1, 1) can diverge to (2, 2) (2, 1) (2, 0). Sample given here: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://sfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/fedc_homepage/xplore/tutorials/stfhtmlimg1156.gif&imgrefurl=http://sfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/fedc_homepage/xplore/tutorials/stfhtmlnode41.html&h=413&w=416&sz=4&tbnid=OegDZu-yeVitZM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=91&zoom=1&usg=__9uQWDNYNLV14YioWWbrqPgfa3DQ=&docid=2hhitNyRWjI_DM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xAfFUIbyG8nzyAHv2YDICg&ved=0CDsQ9QEwAQ I am using a map map <double, double> hash_table I need a key value to be determined from pairs (i, k) to hash to to value for that (i, k) So far I was only able to come up with linear functions such as: double Hash_function(int i, int k) { //double val = pow(i, k) + i; //return (val % 4294967296); return (i*3.1415 + k*i*9.12341); } However, I cannot determine a unique key with a certain (i, k). What kind of functions can I use to help me do so?

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  • Java JRE vs GCJ

    - by Martijn Courteaux
    Hi, I have this results from a speed test I wrote in Java: Java real 0m20.626s user 0m20.257s sys 0m0.244s GCJ real 3m10.567s user 3m5.168s sys 0m0.676s So, what is the but of GCJ then? With this results I'm sure I'm not going to compile it with GCJ! I tested this on Linux, are the results in Windows maybe better than that? This was the code from the application: public static void main(String[] args) { String str = ""; System.out.println("Start!!!"); for (long i = 0; i < 5000000L; i++) { Math.sqrt((double) i); Math.pow((double) i, 2.56); long j = i * 745L; String string = new String(String.valueOf(i)); string = string.concat(" kaka pipi"); // "Kaka pipi" is a kind of childly call in Dutch. string = new String(string.toUpperCase()); if (i % 300 == 0) { str = ""; } else { str += Long.toHexString(i); } } System.out.println("Stop!!!"); }

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  • Custom Tile Layer Problem

    - by Myra
    Hi,I'm currently implementing logic on custom tile layers via OpenLayers function getTiles() { var res = this.map.getResolution(); var x = Math.round((bounds.left - this.maxExtent.left) / (res * this.tileSize.w)); var y = Math.round((this.maxExtent.top - bounds.top) / (res * this.tileSize.h)); var z = this.map.getZoom(); return ......; } What I need to is to carry this code in Google API v3. As I searched documentation I found this code to work with: var customtile = new google.maps.ImageMapType({ getTileUrl: function (coord, zoom) { .... .... } Unfortonately,I cannot convert logic in OpenLayers code to Google. As I know resolution is 180 * tileSize.w / Math.pow(2, zoom) //where tileSize is 256x256 Since Google projection is same with my tiles WGS84 boundary should be -180,-90,90,180 I need to calculate to extent coordinates,but in function getTileUrl,there are two arguments.One of which is zoom,but the other coord is some x,y pair which I dont understand what that is.What is that exactly ? How can I generalize formula for calculating tile numbers in Google Maps? Thank you Myra

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  • Do running times match with O(nlogn)?

    - by user472221
    Hi I have written a class(greedy strategy) that at first i used sort method which has O(nlogn) Collections.sort(array, new SortingObjectsWithProbabilityField()); and then i used the insert method of binary search tree which takes O(h) and h here is the tree height. for different n ,the running time will be : n,running time 17,515428 33,783340 65,540572 129,1285080 257,2052216 513,4299709 which I think is not correct because for increasing n , the running time should almost increase. This method will take the running time: Exponent = -1; for(int n = 2;n<1000;n+=Math.pow(2,exponent){ for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) { Random rand = new Random(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { Element e = new Element(rand.nextInt(100) + 1, rand.nextInt(100) + 1, 0); for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) { if (e.getDigit() == randList.get(k).getDigit()) { e.setDigit(e.getDigit() + 1); } } randList.add(e); } double sum = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < randList.size(); i++) { sum += randList.get(i).getProbability(); } for (Element i : randList) { i.setProbability(i.getProbability() / sum); } //Get time. long t2 = System.nanoTime(); GreedyVersion greedy = new GreedyVersion((ArrayList<Element>) randList); long t3 = System.nanoTime(); timeForGreedy = timeForGreedy + t3 - t2; } System.out.println(n + "," + "," + timeForGreedy/3 ); exponent++; } thanks

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  • Atmospheric Scattering

    - by Lawrence Kok
    I'm trying to implement atmospheric scattering based on Sean O`Neil algorithm that was published in GPU Gems 2. But I have some trouble getting the shader to work. My latest attempts resulted in: http://img253.imageshack.us/g/scattering01.png/ I've downloaded sample code of O`Neil from: http://http.download.nvidia.com/developer/GPU_Gems_2/CD/Index.html. Made minor adjustments to the shader 'SkyFromAtmosphere' that would allow it to run in AMD RenderMonkey. In the images it is see-able a form of banding occurs, getting an blueish tone. However it is only applied to one half of the sphere, the other half is completely black. Also the banding appears to occur at Zenith instead of Horizon, and for a reason I managed to get pac-man shape. I would appreciate it if somebody could show me what I'm doing wrong. Vertex Shader: uniform mat4 matView; uniform vec4 view_position; uniform vec3 v3LightPos; const int nSamples = 3; const float fSamples = 3.0; const vec3 Wavelength = vec3(0.650,0.570,0.475); const vec3 v3InvWavelength = 1.0f / vec3( Wavelength.x * Wavelength.x * Wavelength.x * Wavelength.x, Wavelength.y * Wavelength.y * Wavelength.y * Wavelength.y, Wavelength.z * Wavelength.z * Wavelength.z * Wavelength.z); const float fInnerRadius = 10; const float fOuterRadius = fInnerRadius * 1.025; const float fInnerRadius2 = fInnerRadius * fInnerRadius; const float fOuterRadius2 = fOuterRadius * fOuterRadius; const float fScale = 1.0 / (fOuterRadius - fInnerRadius); const float fScaleDepth = 0.25; const float fScaleOverScaleDepth = fScale / fScaleDepth; const vec3 v3CameraPos = vec3(0.0, fInnerRadius * 1.015, 0.0); const float fCameraHeight = length(v3CameraPos); const float fCameraHeight2 = fCameraHeight * fCameraHeight; const float fm_ESun = 150.0; const float fm_Kr = 0.0025; const float fm_Km = 0.0010; const float fKrESun = fm_Kr * fm_ESun; const float fKmESun = fm_Km * fm_ESun; const float fKr4PI = fm_Kr * 4 * 3.141592653; const float fKm4PI = fm_Km * 4 * 3.141592653; varying vec3 v3Direction; varying vec4 c0, c1; float scale(float fCos) { float x = 1.0 - fCos; return fScaleDepth * exp(-0.00287 + x*(0.459 + x*(3.83 + x*(-6.80 + x*5.25)))); } void main( void ) { // Get the ray from the camera to the vertex, and its length (which is the far point of the ray passing through the atmosphere) vec3 v3FrontColor = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); vec3 v3Pos = normalize(gl_Vertex.xyz) * fOuterRadius; vec3 v3Ray = v3CameraPos - v3Pos; float fFar = length(v3Ray); v3Ray = normalize(v3Ray); // Calculate the ray's starting position, then calculate its scattering offset vec3 v3Start = v3CameraPos; float fHeight = length(v3Start); float fDepth = exp(fScaleOverScaleDepth * (fInnerRadius - fCameraHeight)); float fStartAngle = dot(v3Ray, v3Start) / fHeight; float fStartOffset = fDepth*scale(fStartAngle); // Initialize the scattering loop variables float fSampleLength = fFar / fSamples; float fScaledLength = fSampleLength * fScale; vec3 v3SampleRay = v3Ray * fSampleLength; vec3 v3SamplePoint = v3Start + v3SampleRay * 0.5; // Now loop through the sample rays for(int i=0; i<nSamples; i++) { float fHeight = length(v3SamplePoint); float fDepth = exp(fScaleOverScaleDepth * (fInnerRadius - fHeight)); float fLightAngle = dot(normalize(v3LightPos), v3SamplePoint) / fHeight; float fCameraAngle = dot(normalize(v3Ray), v3SamplePoint) / fHeight; float fScatter = (-fStartOffset + fDepth*( scale(fLightAngle) - scale(fCameraAngle)))/* 0.25f*/; vec3 v3Attenuate = exp(-fScatter * (v3InvWavelength * fKr4PI + fKm4PI)); v3FrontColor += v3Attenuate * (fDepth * fScaledLength); v3SamplePoint += v3SampleRay; } // Finally, scale the Mie and Rayleigh colors and set up the varying variables for the pixel shader vec4 newPos = vec4( (gl_Vertex.xyz + view_position.xyz), 1.0); gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * vec4(newPos.xyz, 1.0); gl_Position.z = gl_Position.w * 0.99999; c1 = vec4(v3FrontColor * fKmESun, 1.0); c0 = vec4(v3FrontColor * (v3InvWavelength * fKrESun), 1.0); v3Direction = v3CameraPos - v3Pos; } Fragment Shader: uniform vec3 v3LightPos; varying vec3 v3Direction; varying vec4 c0; varying vec4 c1; const float g =-0.90f; const float g2 = g * g; const float Exposure =2; void main(void){ float fCos = dot(normalize(v3LightPos), v3Direction) / length(v3Direction); float fMiePhase = 1.5 * ((1.0 - g2) / (2.0 + g2)) * (1.0 + fCos*fCos) / pow(1.0 + g2 - 2.0*g*fCos, 1.5); gl_FragColor = c0 + fMiePhase * c1; gl_FragColor.a = 1.0; }

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  • GLSL Atmospheric Scattering Issue

    - by mtf1200
    I am attempting to use Sean O'Neil's shaders to accomplish atmospheric scattering. For now I am just using SkyFromSpace and GroundFromSpace. The atmosphere works fine but the planet itself is just a giant dark sphere with a white blotch that follows the camera. I think the problem might rest in the "v3Attenuation" variable as when this is removed the sphere is show (albeit without scattering). Here is the vertex shader. Thanks for the time! uniform mat4 g_WorldViewProjectionMatrix; uniform mat4 g_WorldMatrix; uniform vec3 m_v3CameraPos; // The camera's current position uniform vec3 m_v3LightPos; // The direction vector to the light source uniform vec3 m_v3InvWavelength; // 1 / pow(wavelength, 4) for the red, green, and blue channels uniform float m_fCameraHeight; // The camera's current height uniform float m_fCameraHeight2; // fCameraHeight^2 uniform float m_fOuterRadius; // The outer (atmosphere) radius uniform float m_fOuterRadius2; // fOuterRadius^2 uniform float m_fInnerRadius; // The inner (planetary) radius uniform float m_fInnerRadius2; // fInnerRadius^2 uniform float m_fKrESun; // Kr * ESun uniform float m_fKmESun; // Km * ESun uniform float m_fKr4PI; // Kr * 4 * PI uniform float m_fKm4PI; // Km * 4 * PI uniform float m_fScale; // 1 / (fOuterRadius - fInnerRadius) uniform float m_fScaleDepth; // The scale depth (i.e. the altitude at which the atmosphere's average density is found) uniform float m_fScaleOverScaleDepth; // fScale / fScaleDepth attribute vec4 inPosition; vec3 v3ELightPos = vec3(g_WorldMatrix * vec4(m_v3LightPos, 1.0)); vec3 v3ECameraPos= vec3(g_WorldMatrix * vec4(m_v3CameraPos, 1.0)); const int nSamples = 2; const float fSamples = 2.0; varying vec4 color; float scale(float fCos) { float x = 1.0 - fCos; return m_fScaleDepth * exp(-0.00287 + x*(0.459 + x*(3.83 + x*(-6.80 + x*5.25)))); } void main(void) { gl_Position = g_WorldViewProjectionMatrix * inPosition; // Get the ray from the camera to the vertex and its length (which is the far point of the ray passing through the atmosphere) vec3 v3Pos = vec3(g_WorldMatrix * inPosition); vec3 v3Ray = v3Pos - v3ECameraPos; float fFar = length(v3Ray); v3Ray /= fFar; // Calculate the closest intersection of the ray with the outer atmosphere (which is the near point of the ray passing through the atmosphere) float B = 2.0 * dot(m_v3CameraPos, v3Ray); float C = m_fCameraHeight2 - m_fOuterRadius2; float fDet = max(0.0, B*B - 4.0 * C); float fNear = 0.5 * (-B - sqrt(fDet)); // Calculate the ray's starting position, then calculate its scattering offset vec3 v3Start = m_v3CameraPos + v3Ray * fNear; fFar -= fNear; float fDepth = exp((m_fInnerRadius - m_fOuterRadius) / m_fScaleDepth); float fCameraAngle = dot(-v3Ray, v3Pos) / fFar; float fLightAngle = dot(v3ELightPos, v3Pos) / fFar; float fCameraScale = scale(fCameraAngle); float fLightScale = scale(fLightAngle); float fCameraOffset = fDepth*fCameraScale; float fTemp = (fLightScale + fCameraScale); // Initialize the scattering loop variables float fSampleLength = fFar / fSamples; float fScaledLength = fSampleLength * m_fScale; vec3 v3SampleRay = v3Ray * fSampleLength; vec3 v3SamplePoint = v3Start + v3SampleRay * 0.5; // Now loop through the sample rays vec3 v3FrontColor = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); vec3 v3Attenuate; for(int i=0; i<nSamples; i++) { float fHeight = length(v3SamplePoint); float fDepth = exp(m_fScaleOverScaleDepth * (m_fInnerRadius - fHeight)); float fScatter = fDepth*fTemp - fCameraOffset; v3Attenuate = exp(-fScatter * (m_v3InvWavelength * m_fKr4PI + m_fKm4PI)); v3FrontColor += v3Attenuate * (fDepth * fScaledLength); v3SamplePoint += v3SampleRay; } vec3 first = v3FrontColor * (m_v3InvWavelength * m_fKrESun + m_fKmESun); vec3 secondary = v3Attenuate; color = vec4((first + vec3(0.25,0.25,0.25) * secondary), 1.0); // ^^ that color is passed to the frag shader and is used as the gl_FragColor } Here is also an image of the problem image

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  • First time shadow mapping problems

    - by user1294203
    I have implemented basic shadow mapping for the first time in OpenGL using shaders and I'm facing some problems. Below you can see an example of my rendered scene: The process of the shadow mapping I'm following is that I render the scene to the framebuffer using a View Matrix from the light point of view and the projection and model matrices used for normal rendering. In the second pass, I send the above MVP matrix from the light point of view to the vertex shader which transforms the position to light space. The fragment shader does the perspective divide and changes the position to texture coordinates. Here is my vertex shader, #version 150 core uniform mat4 ModelViewMatrix; uniform mat3 NormalMatrix; uniform mat4 MVPMatrix; uniform mat4 lightMVP; uniform float scale; in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; in vec2 in_TexCoord; smooth out vec3 pass_Normal; smooth out vec3 pass_Position; smooth out vec2 TexCoord; smooth out vec4 lightspace_Position; void main(void){ pass_Normal = NormalMatrix * in_Normal; pass_Position = (ModelViewMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0)).xyz; lightspace_Position = lightMVP * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); TexCoord = in_TexCoord; gl_Position = MVPMatrix * vec4(scale * in_Position, 1.0); } And my fragment shader, #version 150 core struct Light{ vec3 direction; }; uniform Light light; uniform sampler2D inSampler; uniform sampler2D inShadowMap; smooth in vec3 pass_Normal; smooth in vec3 pass_Position; smooth in vec2 TexCoord; smooth in vec4 lightspace_Position; out vec4 out_Color; float CalcShadowFactor(vec4 lightspace_Position){ vec3 ProjectionCoords = lightspace_Position.xyz / lightspace_Position.w; vec2 UVCoords; UVCoords.x = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.x + 0.5; UVCoords.y = 0.5 * ProjectionCoords.y + 0.5; float Depth = texture(inShadowMap, UVCoords).x; if(Depth < (ProjectionCoords.z + 0.001)) return 0.5; else return 1.0; } void main(void){ vec3 Normal = normalize(pass_Normal); vec3 light_Direction = -normalize(light.direction); vec3 camera_Direction = normalize(-pass_Position); vec3 half_vector = normalize(camera_Direction + light_Direction); float diffuse = max(0.2, dot(Normal, light_Direction)); vec3 temp_Color = diffuse * vec3(1.0); float specular = max( 0.0, dot( Normal, half_vector) ); float shadowFactor = CalcShadowFactor(lightspace_Position); if(diffuse != 0 && shadowFactor > 0.5){ float fspecular = pow(specular, 128.0); temp_Color += fspecular; } out_Color = vec4(shadowFactor * texture(inSampler, TexCoord).xyz * temp_Color, 1.0); } One of the problems is self shadowing as you can see in the picture, the crate has its own shadow cast on itself. What I have tried is enabling polygon offset (i.e. glEnable(POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL), glPolygonOffset(GLfloat, GLfloat) ) but it didn't change much. As you see in the fragment shader, I have put a static offset value of 0.001 but I have to change the value depending on the distance of the light to get more desirable effects , which not very handy. I also tried using front face culling when I render to the framebuffer, that didn't change much too. The other problem is that pixels outside the Light's view frustum get shaded. The only object that is supposed to be able to cast shadows is the crate. I guess I should pick more appropriate projection and view matrices, but I'm not sure how to do that. What are some common practices, should I pick an orthographic projection? From googling around a bit, I understand that these issues are not that trivial. Does anyone have any easy to implement solutions to these problems. Could you give me some additional tips? Please ask me if you need more information on my code. Here is a comparison with and without shadow mapping of a close-up of the crate. The self-shadowing is more visible.

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  • Opposite method of math power adding numbers

    - by adopilot
    I have method for converting array of Booleans to integer. It looks like this class Program { public static int GivMeInt(bool[] outputs) { int data = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { data += ((outputs[i] == true) ? Convert.ToInt32(Math.Pow(2, i)) : 0); } return data; } static void Main(string[] args) { bool[] outputs = new bool[8]; outputs[0] = false; outputs[1] = true; outputs[2] = false; outputs[3] = true; outputs[4] = false; outputs[5] = false; outputs[6] = false; outputs[7] = false; int data = GivMeInt(outputs); Console.WriteLine(data); Console.ReadKey(); } } Now I want to make opposite method returning array of Booleans values As I am short with knowledge of .NET and C# until now I have only my mind hardcoding of switch statement or if conditions for every possible int value. public static bool[] GiveMeBool(int data) { bool[] outputs = new bool[8]; if (data == 0) { outputs[0] = false; outputs[1] = false; outputs[2] = false; outputs[3] = false; outputs[4] = false; outputs[5] = false; outputs[6] = false; outputs[7] = false; } //After thousand lines of coed if (data == 255) { outputs[0] = true; outputs[1] = true; outputs[2] = true; outputs[3] = true; outputs[4] = true; outputs[5] = true; outputs[6] = true; outputs[7] = true; } return outputs; } I know that there must be easier way.

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  • Advice on logic circuits and serial communications

    - by Spencer Ruport
    As far as I understand the serial port so far, transferring data is done over pin 3. As shown here: There are two things that make me uncomfortable about this. The first is that it seems to imply that the two connected devices agree on a signal speed and the second is that even if they are configured to run at the same speed you run into possible synchronization issues... right? Such things can be handled I suppose but it seems like there must be a simpler method. What seems like a better approach to me would be to have one of the serial port pins send a pulse that indicates that the next bit is ready to be stored. So if we're hooking these pins up to a shift register we basically have: (some pulse pin)-clk, tx-d Is this a common practice? Is there some reason not to do this? EDIT Mike shouldn't have deleted his answer. This I2C (2 pin serial) approach seems fairly close to what I did. The serial port doesn't have a clock you're right nobugz but that's basically what I've done. See here: private void SendBytes(byte[] data) { int baudRate = 0; int byteToSend = 0; int bitToSend = 0; byte bitmask = 0; byte[] trigger = new byte[1]; trigger[0] = 0; SerialPort p; try { p = new SerialPort(cmbPorts.Text); } catch { return; } if (!int.TryParse(txtBaudRate.Text, out baudRate)) return; if (baudRate < 100) return; p.BaudRate = baudRate; for (int index = 0; index < data.Length * 8; index++) { byteToSend = (int)(index / 8); bitToSend = index - (byteToSend * 8); bitmask = (byte)System.Math.Pow(2, bitToSend); p.Open(); p.Parity = Parity.Space; p.RtsEnable = (byte)(data[byteToSend] & bitmask) > 0; s = p.BaseStream; s.WriteByte(trigger[0]); p.Close(); } } Before anyone tells me how ugly this is or how I'm destroying my transfer speeds my quick answer is I don't care about that. My point is this seems much much simpler than the method you described in your answer nobugz. And it wouldn't be as ugly if the .Net SerialPort class gave me more control over the pin signals. Are there other serial port APIs that do?

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  • Can my loop be optimized any more? (C++)

    - by Sagekilla
    Below is one of my inner loops that's run several thousand times, with input sizes of 20 - 1000 or more. Is there anything I can do to help squeeze any more performance out of this? I'm not looking to move this code to something like using tree codes (Barnes-Hut), but towards optimizing the actual calculations happening inside, since the same calculations occur in the Barnes-Hut algorithm. Any help is appreciated! typedef double real; struct Particle { Vector pos, vel, acc, jerk; Vector oldPos, oldVel, oldAcc, oldJerk; real mass; }; class Vector { private: real vec[3]; public: // Operators defined here }; real Gravity::interact(Particle *p, size_t numParticles) { PROFILE_FUNC(); real tau_q = 1e300; for (size_t i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) { p[i].jerk = 0; p[i].acc = 0; } for (size_t i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) { for (size_t j = i+1; j < numParticles; j++) { Vector r = p[j].pos - p[i].pos; Vector v = p[j].vel - p[i].vel; real r2 = lengthsq(r); real v2 = lengthsq(v); // Calculate inverse of |r|^3 real r3i = Constants::G * pow(r2, -1.5); // da = r / |r|^3 // dj = (v / |r|^3 - 3 * (r . v) * r / |r|^5 Vector da = r * r3i; Vector dj = (v - r * (3 * dot(r, v) / r2)) * r3i; // Calculate new acceleration and jerk p[i].acc += da * p[j].mass; p[i].jerk += dj * p[j].mass; p[j].acc -= da * p[i].mass; p[j].jerk -= dj * p[i].mass; // Collision estimation // Metric 1) tau = |r|^2 / |a(j) - a(i)| // Metric 2) tau = |r|^4 / |v|^4 real mij = p[i].mass + p[j].mass; real tau_est_q1 = r2 / (lengthsq(da) * mij * mij); real tau_est_q2 = (r2*r2) / (v2*v2); if (tau_est_q1 < tau_q) tau_q = tau_est_q1; if (tau_est_q2 < tau_q) tau_q = tau_est_q2; } } return sqrt(sqrt(tau_q)); }

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  • XNA - Mouse coordinates to word space transformation

    - by Gabriel Butcher
    I have a pretty annoying problem. I would like to create a drawing program, using winform + XNA combo. The most important part would be to transform the mouse position into the XNA drawn grid - I was able to make it for the translations, but it only work if I don't zoom in - when I do, the coordinates simply went horrible wrong. And I have no idea what I doing wrong. I tried to transform with scaling matrix, transform with inverse scaling matrix, multiplying with zoom, but none seems to work. In the beginning (with zoom value = 1) the grid starts from (0,0,0) going to (Width, Height, 0). I was able to get coordinates based on this grid as long as the zoom value didn't changed at all. I using a custom shader, with orthographic projection matrix, identity view matrix, and the transformed world matrix. Here is the two main method: internal void Update(RenderData data) { KeyboardState keyS = Keyboard.GetState(); MouseState mouS = Mouse.GetState(); if (ButtonState.Pressed == mouS.RightButton) { camTarget.X -= (float)(mouS.X - oldMstate.X) / 2; camTarget.Y += (float)(mouS.Y - oldMstate.Y) / 2; } if (ButtonState.Pressed == mouS.MiddleButton || keyS.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { zVal += (float)(mouS.Y - oldMstate.Y) / 10; zoom = (float)Math.Pow(2, zVal); } oldKState = keyS; oldMstate = mouS; world = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(-camTarget.X, -camTarget.Y, 0)) * Matrix.CreateScale(zoom / 2); } internal PointF MousePos { get { Vector2 mousePos = new Vector2(Mouse.GetState().X, Mouse.GetState().Y); Matrix trans = Matrix.CreateTranslation(new Vector3(camTarget.X - (Width / 2), -camTarget.Y + (Height / 2), 0)); mousePos = Vector2.Transform(mousePos, trans); return new PointF(mousePos.X, mousePos.Y); } } The second method should return the coordinates of the mouse cursor based on the grid (where the (0,0) point of the grid is the top-left corner.). But is just don't work. I deleted the zoom transformation from the matrix trans, as I didnt was able to get any useful result (most of the time, the coordinates was horrible wrong, mostly many thousand when the grid's size is 500x500). Any idea, or suggestion? I trying to solve this simple problem for two days now :\

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  • How to do the processing and keep GUI refreshed using databinding?

    - by macias
    History of the problem This is continuation of my previous question How to start a thread to keep GUI refreshed? but since Jon shed new light on the problem, I would have to completely rewrite original question, which would make that topic unreadable. So, new, very specific question. The problem Two pieces: CPU hungry heavy-weight processing as a library (back-end) WPF GUI with databinding which serves as monitor for the processing (front-end) Current situation -- library sends so many notifications about data changes that despite it works within its own thread it completely jams WPF data binding mechanism, and in result not only monitoring the data does not work (it is not refreshed) but entire GUI is frozen while processing the data. The aim -- well-designed, polished way to keep GUI up to date -- I am not saying it should display the data immediately (it can skip some changes even), but it cannot freeze while doing computation. Example This is simplified example, but it shows the problem. XAML part: <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical"> <Button Click="Button_Click">Start</Button> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Counter}"/> </StackPanel> C# part (please NOTE this is one piece code, but there are two sections of it): public partial class MainWindow : Window,INotifyPropertyChanged { // GUI part public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); DataContext = this; } private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { var thread = new Thread(doProcessing); thread.IsBackground = true; thread.Start(); } // this is non-GUI part -- do not mess with GUI here public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged; public void OnPropertyChanged(string property_name) { if (PropertyChanged != null) PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property_name)); } long counter; public long Counter { get { return counter; } set { if (counter != value) { counter = value; OnPropertyChanged("Counter"); } } } void doProcessing() { var tmp = 10000.0; for (Counter = 0; Counter < 10000000; ++Counter) { if (Counter % 2 == 0) tmp = Math.Sqrt(tmp); else tmp = Math.Pow(tmp, 2.0); } } } Known workarounds (Please do not repost them as answers) Those two first are based on Jon ideas: pass GUI dispatcher to library and use it for sending notifications -- why it is ugly? because it could be no GUI at all give up with data binding COMPLETELY (one widget with databinding is enough for jamming), and instead check from time to time data and update the GUI manually -- well, I didn't learn WPF just to give up with it now ;-) and this is mine, it is ugly, but simplicity of it kills -- before sending notification freeze a thread -- Thread.Sleep(1) -- to let the potential receiver "breathe" -- it works, it is minimalistic, it is ugly though, and it ALWAYS slows down computation even if no GUI is there So... I am all ears for real solutions, not some tricks.

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  • Help with method logic in Java, hw

    - by Crystal
    I have a Loan class that in its printPayment method, it prints the amortization table of a loan for a hw assignment. We are also to implement a print first payment method, and a print last payment method. Since my calculation is done in the printPayment method, I didn't know how I could get the value in the first or last iteration of the loop and print that amount out. One way I can think of is to write a new method that might return that value, but I wasn't sure if there was a better way. Here is my code: public abstract class Loan { public void setClient(Person client) { this.client = client; } public Person getClient() { return client; } public void setLoanId() { loanId = nextId; nextId++; } public int getLoanId() { return loanId; } public void setInterestRate(double interestRate) { this.interestRate = interestRate; } public double getInterestRate() { return interestRate; } public void setLoanLength(int loanLength) { this.loanLength = loanLength; } public int getLoanLength() { return loanLength; } public void setLoanAmount(double loanAmount) { this.loanAmount = loanAmount; } public double getLoanAmount() { return loanAmount; } public void printPayments() { double monthlyInterest; double monthlyPrincipalPaid; double newPrincipal; int paymentNumber = 1; double monthlyInterestRate = interestRate / 1200; double monthlyPayment = loanAmount * (monthlyInterestRate) / (1 - Math.pow((1 + monthlyInterestRate),( -1 * loanLength))); System.out.println("Payment Number | Interest | Principal | Loan Balance"); // amortization table while (loanAmount >= 0) { monthlyInterest = loanAmount * monthlyInterestRate; monthlyPrincipalPaid = monthlyPayment - monthlyInterest; newPrincipal = loanAmount - monthlyPrincipalPaid; loanAmount = newPrincipal; System.out.printf("%d, %.2f, %.2f, %.2f", paymentNumber++, monthlyInterest, monthlyPrincipalPaid, loanAmount); } } /* //method to print first payment public double getFirstPayment() { } method to print last payment public double getLastPayment() { }*/ private Person client; private int loanId; private double interestRate; private int loanLength; private double loanAmount; private static int nextId = 1; } Thanks!

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  • help me with xor encryption in c#

    - by x86shadow
    I wrote this code in c# to encrypt a text with a key : using System; using System.Linq; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace ENCRYPT { class XORENC { private static int Bin2Dec(string num) { int _num = 0; for (int i = 0; i < num.Length; i++) { _num += (int)Math.Pow(2, num.Length - i - 1) * int.Parse(num[i].ToString()); } return _num; } private static string Dec2Bin(int num) { if (num < 2) return num.ToString(); return Dec2Bin(num / 2) + (num % 2).ToString(); } public static string StrXor(string str, string key) { string _str = ""; string _key = ""; string _dec = ""; string _temp = ""; for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++) { _temp = Dec2Bin(str[i]); for (int j = 0; j < 8 - _temp.Length + 1; j++) { _temp = '0' + _temp; } _str += _temp; } for (int i = 0; i < key.Length; i++) { _temp = Dec2Bin(key[i]); for (int j = 0; j < 8 - _temp.Length + 1; j++) { _temp = '0' + _temp; } _key += _temp; } while (_key.Length < _str.Length) { _key += _key; } if (_key.Length > _str.Length) _key = _key.Substring(0, _str.Length); for (int i = 0; i < _str.Length; i++) { if (_str[i] == _key[i]) { _dec += '0'; } else { _dec += '1'; } } _str = ""; for (int i = 0; i < _dec.Length; i = i + 8) { char _chr = (char)0; _chr = (char)Bin2Dec(_dec.Substring(i, 8)); _str += _chr; } return _str; } } } the problem is that I always get error when I want to decrypt an encryted text with this code. see the example below for more info : string enc_text = ENCRYPT.XORENC("abc","a"); //enc_text = " ??" string dec_text = ENCRYPT.XORENC(enc_text,"a"); //ERROR any one can help ?

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  • Building a DataTable in C# with one column at a time

    - by Awaken
    I am trying to build a Retirement Calculator as a chance to make something useful and learn C# better. Currently, I am trying to build a DataTable with a dynamic amount of rows/columns. For context, I ask the user for some inputs regarding salary, % of salary being invested, and expected ROI. I have some other stuff too, but it isn't really part of the issue I am having. Because the number of columns I need for the DataTable is unknown until the formula is run (while+for loop completes), I am having trouble doing things as DataColumns. Hopefully the code below will help. I am really trying to build the table one column at a time. I realize I could reverse it to build it one row at a time because the Years before retirement (yearsRetire) is known, but I would prefer not to and I want to learn more. Sorry for the indentation and commenting. I tried to leave some of my commented coding attempts in there. Thanks for any help. public double calcROI() { double testROI = 0.00; double tempRetireAmount = 0; double adjustRetire = goalAmount * (1 + (Math.Pow(inflation,yearsRetire))); // Loop through ROI values until the calculated retire amount with the test ROI // is greater than the target amount adjusted for inflation while (tempRetireAmount < adjustRetire) { //Increment ROI by 1% per while iteration testROI += .01; //Make a new Column to hold the values for ROI for this while iteration //dtMain.Columns.Add(Convert.ToString(testROI)); //DataColumn tempdc = new DataColumn(Convert.ToString(testROI)); //Loop through the number of years entered by user and see the amount //at Retirement with current ROI for (int i = 0; i < yearsRetire; i++) { //Main formula to calculate amount after i years tempRetireAmount = (tempRetireAmount + salary*savingsPct) * (1 + testROI); // Add value for this year/ROI to table/column //DataRow dr = .NewRow(); //dr tempRetireAmount; //tempdc[i] = tempRetireAmount; } //Need to add column of data to my Main DataTable //dtMain.Rows.Add(dr); //dtMain.Columns.Add(tempdc); } return testROI; }

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