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  • Design pattern for cost calculator app?

    - by Anders Svensson
    Hi, I have a problem that I’ve tried to get help for before, but I wasn’t able to solve it then, so I’m trying to simplify the problem now to see if I can get some more concrete help with this because it is driving me crazy… Basically, I have a working (more complex) version of this application, which is a project cost calculator. But because I am at the same time trying to learn to design my applications better, I would like some input on how I could improve this design. Basically the main thing I want is input on the conditionals that (here) appear repeated in two places. The suggestions I got before was to use the strategy pattern or factory pattern. I also know about the Martin Fowler book with the suggestion to Refactor conditional with polymorphism. I understand that principle in his simpler example. But how can I do either of these things here (if any would be suitable)? The way I see it, the calculation is dependent on a couple of conditions: 1. What kind of service is it, writing or analysis? 2. Is the project small, medium or large? (Please note that there may be other parameters as well, equally different, such as “are the products new or previously existing?” So such parameters should be possible to add, but I tried to keep the example simple with only two parameters to be able to get concrete help) So refactoring with polymorphism would imply creating a number of subclasses, which I already have for the first condition (type of service), and should I really create more subclasses for the second condition as well (size)? What would that become, AnalysisSmall, AnalysisMedium, AnalysisLarge, WritingSmall, etc…??? No, I know that’s not good, I just don’t see how to work with that pattern anyway else? I see the same problem basically for the suggestions of using the strategy pattern (and the factory pattern as I see it would just be a helper to achieve the polymorphism above). So please, if anyone has concrete suggestions as to how to design these classes the best way I would be really grateful! Please also consider whether I have chosen the objects correctly too, or if they need to be redesigned. (Responses like "you should consider the factory pattern" will obviously not be helpful... I've already been down that road and I'm stumped at precisely how in this case) Regards, Anders The code (very simplified, don’t mind the fact that I’m using strings instead of enums, not using a config file for data etc, that will be done as necessary in the real application once I get the hang of these design problems): public abstract class Service { protected Dictionary<string, int> _hours; protected const int SMALL = 2; protected const int MEDIUM = 8; public int NumberOfProducts { get; set; } public abstract int GetHours(); } public class Writing : Service { public Writing(int numberOfProducts) { NumberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _hours = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "small", 125 }, { "medium", 100 }, { "large", 60 } }; } public override int GetHours() { if (NumberOfProducts <= SMALL) return _hours["small"] * NumberOfProducts; if (NumberOfProducts <= MEDIUM) return (_hours["small"] * SMALL) + (_hours["medium"] * (NumberOfProducts - SMALL)); return (_hours["small"] * SMALL) + (_hours["medium"] * (MEDIUM - SMALL)) + (_hours["large"] * (NumberOfProducts - MEDIUM)); } } public class Analysis : Service { public Analysis(int numberOfProducts) { NumberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _hours = new Dictionary<string, int> { { "small", 56 }, { "medium", 104 }, { "large", 200 } }; } public override int GetHours() { if (NumberOfProducts <= SMALL) return _hours["small"]; if (NumberOfProducts <= MEDIUM) return _hours["medium"]; return _hours["large"]; } } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); List<int> quantities = new List<int>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { quantities.Add(i); } comboBoxNumberOfProducts.DataSource = quantities; } private void comboBoxNumberOfProducts_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Service writing = new Writing((int) comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); Service analysis = new Analysis((int) comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); labelWriterHours.Text = writing.GetHours().ToString(); labelAnalysisHours.Text = analysis.GetHours().ToString(); } }

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  • Rails STI: SuperClass Model Methods called from SubClass

    - by Karl
    I would like a little confirmation that I'm doing this correctly. Using rails single table inheritance I have the following models and class method: class PhoneNumber < ActiveRecord::Base def self.qual?(number) klass = self klass.exists?(:phone_number => phone_number) end end class Bubba < PhoneNumber end class Rufus < PhoneNumber end Bubba.qual?("8005551212") Tests pass and everything seems to work properly in rails console. Just wanted to confirm that I'm not headed for future trouble by using self in the superclass PhoneNumber and using that to execute class methods on subclasses from the parent. Is there a better way?

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  • Intersecting boundaries with lucene

    - by Silvio Donnini
    I'm using Lucene, and I'm trying to find a way to index and retrieve documents that have a ranged property. For example I have: Document 1: Price:[30 TO 50] Document 2: Price:[45 TO 60] Document 3: Price:[60 TO 70] And I would like to search for all the documents whose ranges intersect a specific interval, in the above example, if I search for Price in [55 TO 65] I should get Document 2 and Document 3 as results. I don't think NumericRangeQueries alone would do the trick, I need to work on the index with something similar to R-trees, but are they implemented in Lucene? Also, I suppose that what I need should be a subclass of MultiTermQuery, because the query Price in [55 TO 65] has two boundaries, but I don't see anything suitable among MultiTermQuery's subclasses. Any help is appreciated, thanks, Silvio P.S. I'm using Lucene 2.9.0, but I can update to the latest release if needed.

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  • Adding UIComponent to both Canvas and Tree in Flex 3

    - by Chris M
    I currently am trying to add a custom class which subclasses UIComponent to both a tree and a canvas, but when I try to re-order the tree by dragging I get this error: TypeError: Error #1010: A term is undefined and has no properties. at mx.controls::Tree/get firstVisibleItem()[C:\autobuild\3.2.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\controls\Tree.as:764] at flash.utils::ByteArray/writeObject() at flash.desktop::Clipboard/putSerialization() at flash.desktop::Clipboard/convertFlashFormat() at flash.desktop::Clipboard/setData() at mx.managers::NativeDragManagerImpl/doDrag()[C:\autobuild\3.2.0\frameworks\projects\airframework\src\mx\managers\NativeDragManagerImpl.as:282] at mx.managers::DragManager$/doDrag()[C:\autobuild\3.2.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\managers\DragManager.as:243] at mx.controls.listClasses::ListBase/dragStartHandler()[C:\autobuild\3.2.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\controls\listClasses\ListBase.as:9085] at flash.events::EventDispatcher/dispatchEventFunction() at flash.events::EventDispatcher/dispatchEvent() at mx.core::UIComponent/dispatchEvent()[C:\autobuild\3.2.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\core\UIComponent.as:9298] at mx.controls.listClasses::ListBase/mouseMoveHandler()[C:\autobuild\3.2.0\frameworks\projects\framework\src\mx\controls\listClasses\ListBase.as:8822] When I do not add the UIComponent to the canvas, this error does not occur, anyone have any knowledge as to why this happens?

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  • Return a dynamic string from std::exception's `what`

    - by Shtééf
    I'm convinced at this point that I should be creating subclasses of std::exception for all my exception throwing needs. Now I'm looking at how to override the what method. The situation that I'm facing, it would be really handy if the string what returns be dynamic. Some pieces of code parse an XML file for example, and adding a position or line number to the error message is useful to me. What I'd like to know: what returns a const char *, which implies any catcher is likely not going to free the string. So I need some other place to store the result, but where would that be? (I need thread-safety.) what also includes throw() in its signature. While I can prevent my what from throwing anything, it seems to me that this method really isn't intended for anything too dynamic. If what is not the right place, then where should I be doing this instead?

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  • actionscript 3.0 garbage collection with casalib ?

    - by algro
    I would love to see an actual example how to use the casalib-garbage-collection. I used the destroy method like in the description: casa-lib description If I have a Loader in a Subclass, do I also have to use the CasaLibLoader? Do I have still to care about all Instances/Eventlisteners to do proper garbage collection? If yes, whats the advantage of casalib-garbage-collection? I assumed to call destroy on a Casalib-Sprite and then it would destroy all its subclasses and references, and therefore safe memory. It would be awesome to get an easy instruction. Thanks in advance

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  • polymorphic hql

    - by Berryl
    I have a base type where "business id" must be unique for a given subclass, but it is possible for there to be different subclasses with the same business id. If there is a base type with a requested id but of the wrong subclass I want to return null, using a named query. The code below does this, but I am wondering if I can avoid the try/catch with a better HQL. Can I? Cheers, Berryl current hql <query name="FindActivitySubjectByBusinessId"> <![CDATA[ from ActivitySubject act where act.BusinessId = :businessId ]]> </query> current fetch code public ActivitySubject FindByBusinessId<T>(string businessId) where T : ActivitySubject { Check.RequireStringValue(businessId, "businessId"); try { return _session.GetNamedQuery("FindActivitySubjectByBusinessId") .SetString("businessId", businessId) .UniqueResult<T>(); } catch (InvalidCastException e) { // an Activity Subject was found with the requested id but the wrong type return null; } }

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  • Adding an NSTextField as a subview

    - by Kenny
    I'm trying to add an NSTextField as a subview of a custom view class I have (which subclasses NSView), and then make the text field the first responder. This works fine... the text field shows up and I can start typing in it. However, any mouse events in the text field seem to fall through to its superview. For example, I can't see the mouse cursor when I hover over the text field, and when I click anywhere in the text field, it attempts to resign firstResponder status instead of letting me select text within the text field. I'm not overridding hitTest or anything weird like that, and I only have one window, which is definitely the key window. Any ideas? Thanks in advance! :-)

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  • When using the getInstance() method of the abstract java.text.NumberFormat class, what is the actual

    - by iamchuckb
    This question expands upon the one at abstract-class-numberformat-very-confused-about-getinstance. I feel that this question is different enough to merit being asked on its own. In the answers to that question, it was stated that a code statement such as NumberFormat en = NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.US); returns an object that is a subclass of the java.text.NumberFormat class. It makes sense to me why the return type can't be just an instance of NumberFormat since that is an abstract class. Rather, it was stated that the returned object is at least an instance of NumberFormat, but actually something else. My question is this: what specifically is the class of the object that is returned? In the Sun documentation the only subclasses I see are ChoicesFormat and DecimalFormat. Is there some sort of behind the scenes compiler voodoo going on here? Thanks in advance!

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  • Iphone -- init method of an abstract class

    - by William Jockusch
    I want to create classes Car, Vehicle, and Airplane with the following properties: Car and Airplane are both subclasses of Vehicle. Car and Airplane both have an initWithString method. The acceptable input strings for Car's and Airplane's initWithString methods do not overlap. Vehicle is "almost abstract", in the sense that any initialized instance should be either a Car or an Airplane. It is possible to pass a string into Vehicle and get back an instance of Car, an instance of Airplane, or nil, depending on the input string. Any particular design pattern I should prefer? In particular for Vehicle's initWithString and/or newVehicleWithString methods.

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  • BNRPersistence on the iPhone, and NSDocument

    - by jammur
    I'm trying to get BNRPersistence running in an iPhone app, but I'm having a problem that I have no idea how to solve. Keep in mind I'm relatively new to iPhone dev. The problem is that BNRStoreDocument subclasses NSDocument, which exists in the Cocoa framework and thus isn't available on the iPhone. So obviously I'm getting compile errors that it can't find NSDocument. The developer of BNRPersistence states that it works on the iPhone, so I'm sure there a solution, I just don't what it is. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Using injected EntityManager in class hierarchies

    - by Emre Sahin
    The following code works: @Stateless @LocalBean public class MyClass { @PersistenceContext(name = "MyPU") EntityManager em; public void myBusinessMethod(MyEntity e) { em.persist(e); } } But the following hierarchy gives a TransactionRequiredException in Glassfish 3.0 (and standard JPA annotations with EclipseLink.) at the line of persist. @Stateless @LocalBean public class MyClass extends MyBaseClass { public void myBusinessMethod(MyEntity e) { super.update(e); } } public abstract class MyBaseClass { @PersistenceContext(name = "MyPU") EntityManager em; public void update(Object e) { em.persist(e); } } For my EJB's I collected common code in an abstract class for cleaner code. (update also saves who did the operation and when, all my entities implement an interface.) This problem is not fatal, I can simply copy update and sister methods to subclasses but I would like to keep all of them together in a single place. I didn't try but this may be because my base class is abstract, but I would like to learn a proper method for such a (IMHO common) use case.

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  • Virtual Function Implementation

    - by Gokul
    Hi, I have kept hearing this statement. Switch..Case is Evil for code maintenance, but it provides better performance(since compiler can inline stuffs etc..). Virtual functions are very good for code maintenance, but they incur a performance penalty of two pointer indirections. Say i have a base class with 2 subclasses(X and Y) and one virtual function, so there will be two virtual tables. The object has a pointer, based on which it will choose a virtual table. So for the compiler, it is more like switch( object's function ptr ) { case 0x....: X->call(); break; case 0x....: Y->call(); }; So why should virtual function cost more, if it can get implemented this way, as the compiler can do the same in-lining and other stuff here. Or explain me, why is it decided not to implement the virtual function execution in this way? Thanks, Gokul.

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  • iPhone CoreData: How can I track/observe all changes within a subgraph?

    - by D Carney
    I have a NSManagedObjectContext in which I have a number of subclasses of NSManagedObjects such that some are containers for others. What I'd like to do is watch a top-level object to be notified of any changes to any of its properties, associations, or the properties/associations of any of the objects it contains. Using the context's 'hasChanges' doesn't give me enough granularity. The objects 'isUpdated' method only applies to the given object (and not anything in its associations). Is there a convenient (perhaps, KVO-based) was I can observe changes in a context that are limited to a subgraph?

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  • Serelization of a class and its sub-class....

    - by Amit
    There is a main class having 2 subClasses(each represent separate entity) and all classes needs to be serialized.. how should I proceed ? My requirement is when I serelize MainClass, I should get the xml for each sub class and main class as well. Thanks in advance... and if my approach is incorrect... correct that as well.. Ex given below... class MainClass { SubClass1 objSubclass1 = null; SubClass2 objSubclass2 = null; public MainClass() { objSubclass1 = new SubClass1(); objSubclass2 = new SubClass2(); } [XmlElement("SubClass1")] public SubClass1 SubClass1 {get {return objSubclass1;} } [XmlElement("SubClass2")] public SubClass2 SubClass2 {get {return objSubclass2;} } } Class SubClass1 { Some properties here... } Class SubClass2 { Some properties here... }

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  • Ruby class instance variables and inheritance

    - by rlandster
    I have a Ruby class called LibraryItem. I want to associate with every instance of this class an array of attributes. This array is long and looks something like ['title', 'authors', 'location', ...] Note that these attributes are not really supposed to be methods, just a list of attributes that a LibraryItem has. Next, I want to make a subclass of LibraryItem called LibraryBook that has an array of attributes that includes all the attributes of LibraryItem but will also include many more. Eventually I will want several subclasses of LibraryItem each with their own version of the array @attributes but each adding on to LibraryItem's @attributes (e.g., LibraryBook, LibraryDVD, LibraryMap, etc.). So, here is my attempt: class LibraryItem < Object class << self; attr_accessor :attributes; end @attributes = ['title', 'authors', 'location',] end class LibraryBook < LibraryItem @attributes.push('ISBN', 'pages'] end This does not work. I get the error undefined method `push' for nil:NilClass

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  • Use HTTParty methods in a subclass

    - by cpjolicoeur
    I'm trying to write an API wrapper in ruby and am stumped on how I can call HTTParty methods from a subclass. For instance, I want the user to create a connection to the api and then be able to query results from subclasses. module ApiWrapper class Connection include HTTParty base_uri '...' def initialize( u, p ) ... end def contacts ApiWrapper::Contact end end end module ApiWrapper class Contact def all # issue httparty get request here that is created from the Connection class end end end ## The user would do this conn = ApiWrapper::Connection.new( 'username', 'password' ) contacts = conn.contacts.all

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  • Can I add custom methods/attributes to built-in Python types?

    - by sfjedi
    For example—say I want to add a helloWorld() method to Python's dict type. Can I do this? JavaScript has a prototype object that behaves this way. Maybe it's bad design and I should subclass the dict object, but then it only works on the subclasses and I want it to work on any and all future dictionaries. Here's how it would go down in JavaScript: String.prototype.hello = function() { alert("Hello, " + this + "!"); } "Jed".hello() //alerts "Hello, Jed!" Here's a useful link with more examples— http://www.javascriptkit.com/javatutors/proto3.shtml

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  • Is there anything wrong with my Factory class?

    - by Alex
    class PieceFactory { @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") public Piece createPiece(String pieceType) throws Throwable{ Class pieceClass = Class.forName(pieceType); Piece piece = (Piece) pieceClass.newInstance(); return piece; } } I'm not all used to handling exceptions yet therefore I'm just throwing them, but everywhere I use a method that uses this factory it tells me I have to throw exceptions like throwable. For example, in one of my classes I have a method that instantiates a lot of objects using the method that uses the factory. I can use the method in that class by just throwing the exception, however it won't work if I try to pass a reference to that class to another class and then use the method from there. Then it forces me to try catch the exception. I probably don't need a factory but it seemed interesting and I'd like to try to use patterns. The reason I created the factory was that I have 6 subclasses of Piece and I wan't to use a method to instantiate them by passing the type of subclass I want as an argument to the method.

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  • get static initialization block to run in a java without loading the class

    - by TP
    I have a few classes as shown here public class TrueFalseQuestion implements Question{ static{ QuestionFactory.registerType("TrueFalse", "Question"); } public TrueFalseQuestion(){} } ... public class QuestionFactory { static final HashMap<String, String > map = new HashMap<String,String>(); public static void registerType(String questionName, String ques ) { map.put(questionName, ques); } } public class FactoryTester { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(QuestionFactory.map.size()); // This prints 0. I want it to print 1 } } How can I change TrueFalseQuestion Type so that the static method is always run so that I get 1 instead of 0 when I run my main method? I do not want any change in the main method. I am actually trying to implement the factory patterns where the subclasses register with the factory but i have simplified the code for this question.

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  • How to handle JPA annotations for a pointer to a generic interface

    - by HDave
    I have a generic class that is also a mapped super class that has a private field that holds a pointer to another object of the same type: @MappedSuperclass public abstract class MyClass<T extends MyIfc<T>> implements MyIfc<T> { @OneToOne() @JoinColumn(name = "previous", nullable = true) private T previous; ... } My problem is that Eclipse is showing an error in the file at the OneToOne "Target Entity "T" for previous is not an Entity." All of the implementations of MyIfc are, in fact, Entities. I should also add that each concrete implementation that inherit from MyClass uses a different value for T (because T is itself) so I can't use the "targetEntity" attribute. I guess if there is no answer then I'll have to move this JPA annotation to all the concrete subclasses of MyClass. It just seems like JPA/Hibernate should be smart enough to know it'll all work out at run-time. Makes me wonder if I should just ignore this error somehow.

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  • Optional attribute values in MappedField

    - by David Brooks
    I'm new to Scala and Lift, coming from a slightly odd background in PLT Scheme. I've done a quick search on this topic and found lots of questions but no answers. I'm probably looking in the wrong place. I've been working my way through tutorials on using Mapper to create database-backed objects, and I've hit a stumbling block: what types should be used to stored optional attribute values. For example, a simple ToDo object might comprise a title and an optional deadline (e.g. http://rememberthemilk.com). The former would be a MappedString, but the latter could not be a MappedDateTime since the type constraints on the field require, say, defaultValue to return a Date (rather than a Date or null/false/???). Is an underlying NULL handled by the MappedField subclasses? Or are there optional equivalents to things like MappedInt, MappedString, MappedDateTime that allow the value to be NULL in the database? Or am I approaching this in the wrong way?

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  • How to use QMetaMethod with QObject::connect

    - by VestniK
    I have two instances of QObject subclasses and two QMetaMethod instances of signal in one of objects and slot in another object. I want to connect this signal and slot with each other. I've looked through the qobject.h file and find that SIGNAL() and SLOT() macro are just add "1" or "2" character to the beginning of method signature so it looks like it should be possible to add the same character to the beginning of string returned by QMetaMethod::signature() but this approach depends on some undocumented internals of toolkit and may be broken at any time by a new version of Qt. Does anybody know reliable way to connect signals and slots through their QMetaMethod reflection representation?

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  • Rails Multiple Table Inheritance question

    - by Tony
    I am starting to implement an MTI solution and have a basic question. I have 3 physical models - SMSNotifications, EmailNotifications, TwitterNotifications and they are subclasses of notification. At times in my code, I want to say Notifications.find(:all)so that I can get a set of results sorted by their creation time. Then I want to do things based on their subclass. What is the way to write Notifications.find(:all) and have Rails look through the subclass tables and combine the results? Right now Rails still thinks I have a physical Notifications table which goes against my MTI design. I am also considering the possibility that I should be using STI instead. I would probably have 10 empty columns per row but if getting all notifications requires a query for each type of notification, then I feel like this could be a big issue. Thanks!

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  • How does a custom accessor method implementation in Core Data look like?

    - by dontWatchMyProfile
    The documentation is pretty confusing on this one: The implementation of accessor methods you write for subclasses of NSManagedObject is typically different from those you write for other classes. If you do not provide custom instance variables, you retrieve property values from and save values into the internal store using primitive accessor methods. You must ensure that you invoke the relevant access and change notification methods (willAccessValueForKey:, didAccessValueForKey:, willChangeValueForKey:, didChangeValueForKey:, willChangeValueForKey:withSetMutation:usingObjects:, and didChangeValueForKey:withSetMutation:usingObjects:). NSManagedObject disables automatic key-value observing (KVO, see Key-Value Observing Programming Guide) change notifications, and the primitive accessor methods do not invoke the access and change notification methods. In accessor methods for properties that are not defined in the entity model, you can either enable automatic change notifications or invoke the appropriate change notification methods. Are there any examples that show how these look like?

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