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• Find all compilation errors in a Delphi project

  - by awmross

  I am doing some refactoring of my Delphi project. I want to be able to make a change, then see all the places in the project that break due to that change. Similar to how Eclipse lists all the compile errors for a project (in Java). In Delphi, I can make a change, then recompile my project, but the compiler stops when it finds the first Unit that does not compile. I have to fix that Unit, compile again, which will then show me the next error, etc etc. I want to be able to see all the compile errors in the project at once. Then I can decide if the change is worth doing or not. For example, if the change will require hand fixing of 50 separate source files, it's not worth doing. But if it only breaks 2 files then that's an easy change to make. Is there any way to do this in Delphi? Can I tell the compiler to keep going even after finding a Unit that does not compile? I am using Delphi 2010

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• Convert pre-IEEE-574 C++ floating-point numbers to/from C#

  - by Richard Kucia

  Before .Net, before math coprocessors, before IEEE-574, Microsoft defined a bit pattern for floating-point numbers. Old versions of the C++ compiler happily used that definition. I am writing a C# app that needs to read/write such floating-point numbers in a file. How can I do the conversions between the 2 bit formats? I need conversion methods in both directions. This app is going to run in a PocketPC/WinCE environment. Changing the structure of the file is out-of-scope for this project. Is there a C++ compiler option that instructs it to use the old FP format? That would be ideal. I could then exchange data between the C# code and C++ code by using a null-terminated text string, and the C++ methods would be simple wrappers around sprintf and atof functions. At the very least, I'm hoping someone can reply with the bit definitions for the old FP format, so I can put together a low-level bit manipulation algorithm if necessary. Thanks.

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• Exiting from the Middle of an Expression Without Using Exceptions

  - by Jon Purdy

  Is there a way to emulate the use of flow-control constructs in the middle of an expression? Is it possible, in a comma-delimited expression x, y, for y to cause a return? Edit: I'm working on a compiler for something rather similar to a functional language, and the target language is C++. Everything is an expression in the source language, and the sanest, simplest translation to the destination language leaves as many things expressions as possible. Basically, semicolons in the target language become C++ commas. In-language flow-control constructs have presented no problems thus far; it's only return. I just need a way to prematurely exit a comma-delimited expression, and I'd prefer not to use exceptions unless someone can show me that they don't have excessive overhead in this situation. The problem of course is that most flow-control constructs are not legal expressions in C++. The only solution I've found so far is something like this: try { return x(), // x(); (1 ? throw Return(0) : 0); // return 0; } catch (Return& ret) { return ref.value; } The return statement is always there (in the event that a Return construct is not reached), and as such the throw has to be wrapped in ?: to get the compiler to shut up about its void result being used in an expression. I would really like to avoid using exceptions for flow control, unless in this case it can be shown that no particular overhead is incurred; does throwing an exception cause unwinding or anything here? This code needs to run with reasonable efficiency. I just need a function-level equivalent of exit().

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• How can get dtrace to run the traced command with non-root priviledges ?

  - by Gyom

  OS X lacks linux's strace, but it has dtrace which is supposed to be so much better. However, I miss the ability to do simple tracing on individual commands. For example, on linux I can write strace -f gcc hello.c to caputre all system calls, which gives me the list of all the filenames needed by the compiler to compile my program (the excellent memoize script is built upon this trick) I want to port memoize on the mac, so I need some kind of strace. What I actually need is the list of files gcc reads and writes into, so what I need is more of a truss. Sure enough can I say dtruss -f gcc hello.c and get somewhat the same functionality, but then the compiler is run with root priviledges, which is obviously undesirable (apart from the massive security risk, one issue is that the a.out file is now owned by root :-) I then tried dtruss -f sudo -u myusername gcc hello.c, but this feels a bit wrong, and does not work anyway (I get no a.out file at all this time, not sure why) All that long story tries to motivate my original question: how do I get dtrace to run my command with normal user priviledges, just like strace does in linux ? Edit: is seems that I'm not the only one wondering how to do this: question #1204256 is pretty much the same as mine (and has the same suboptimal sudo answer :-)

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• Debugging fortran code in Eclipse with Photran and GDB debugger: missing symbols

  - by tvandenbrande

  I have a program, written in fortran90, previously successfully compiled on a compaq compiler and working, that I'm now trying to compile with gfortran. I can compile the code to an .exe and run it. It works fine until a certain point in the routine and then an error is thrown. My current configuration: Windows 7 Eclipse Juno with CDT Photran Cygwin installation with gfortran compiler and GDB debugger (gdb.exe) Configurations for the debugger: GDB command set: Standard (Windows) Protocol: mi Shared libraries: don't load shared library symbols automatically (when activating this, no changes are noted). When running the debug command I get the following output: .gdbinit: No such file or directory. Reading symbols from /cygdrive/c/Users/thys/Documents/doctoraat/12_in progress/Hamfem/Debug/Hamfem.exe...done. auto-solib-add on Undefined command: "auto-solib-add". Try "help". Warning: C:/Users/thys/Documents/doctoraat/12_in progress/Hamfem/Hamfem/in: No such file or directory. [New Thread 5816.0x1914] [New Thread 5816.0x654] Basicly that leaves me with 2 questions: Where can I find the .gdbinit file in the cygwin installation? Are there any other possible errors in my setup, or points to think about?

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• How to get the actual address of a pointer in C?

  - by Airjoe

  BACKGROUND: I'm writing a single level cache simulator in C for a homework assignment, and I've been given code that I must work from. In our discussions of the cache, we were told that the way a small cache can hold large addresses is by splitting the large address into the position in the cache and an identifying tag. That is, if you had an 8 slot cache but wanted to store something with address larger than 8, you take the 3 (because 2^3=8) rightmost bits and put the data in that position; so if you had address 22 for example, binary 10110, you would take those 3 rightmost bits 110, which is decimal 5, and put it in slot 5 of the cache. You would also store in this position the tag, which is the remaining bits 10. One function, cache_load, takes a single argument, and integer pointer. So effectively, I'm being given this int* addr which is an actual address and points to some value. In order to store this value in the cache, I need to split the addr. However, the compiler doesn't like when I try to work with the pointer directly. So, for example, I try to get the position by doing: npos=addr%num_slots The compiler gets angry and gives me errors. I tried casting to an int, but this actually got me the value that the pointer was pointing to, not the numerical address itself. Any help is appreciated, thanks!

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• C Run-Time library part 2

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hi, I was suggested when I have some further questions on my older ones, to create newer Question and reffer to old one. So, this is the original question: What is the C runtime library? OK, from your answers, I now get thet statically linked libraries are Microsoft implementation of C standart functions. Now: If I get it right, the scheme would be as follow: I want to use printf(), so I must include which just tels compiler there us functio printf() with these parameters. Now, when I compile code, becouse printf() is defined in C Standart Library, and becouse Microsoft decided to name it C Run Time library, it gets automatically statically linked from libcmt.lib (if libcmt.lib is set in compiler) at compile time. I ask, becouse on wikipedia, in article about runtime library there is that runtime library is linked in runtime, but .lib files are linked at compile time, am I right? Now, what confuses me. There is .dll version of C standart library. But I thought that to link .dll file, you must actually call winapi program to load that library. So, how can be these functions dynamically linked, if there is no static library to provide code to tell Windows to load desired functions from dll? And really last question on this subject - are C Standart library functions also calls to winapi even they are not .dll files like more advanced WinAPI functions? I mean, in the end to access framebuffer and print something you must tell Windows to do it, since OS cannot let you directly manipulate HW. I think of it like the OS must be written to support all C standart library functions same way across similiar versions, since they are statically linked, and can differently support more complex WinAPI calls becouse new version of OS can have adjustements in the .dll file.

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• QT EventTransition implementation

  - by Thomas

  I am trying to build an QT State Maschine. I have some States, and for those States i need Transition that alter the Graphics on my gui. The Problem i having and the only reason i am asking, i am Stuck and Point 1. The compiler cant identifie the QTEventTransition. I have QT 4.6 wroking with QT Creator on Windows. The compiler does not find Header #include < QtEventTransition This is what i did i never did this bevor but i think it should be correct, I have A Header File where i have my Transitions Declareted like this: class validateBoatTransition : public QtEventTransition { public: validateBoatTransition(Widget *widget,ServerSkeleton* server); protected: bool eventTest(QEvent *e); void onTransition(QEvent *); private: Chart* ourChart; Message current; BarelySocket* myBarelySocket; }; Than i have my Cpp File where i have this: validateBoatTransition::validateBoatTransition(Widget *widget,ServerSkeleton* server) { } void validateBoatTransition::onTransition(QEvent *e) { /* My Logik should go here */ } What i want is that if the Transition is activated by an Button (clicked) it should fire this transition! I searched the net, but cant find an solution. Can i do that? I should i think. Yours Thomas

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• Using unset member variables within a class or struct

  - by Doug Kavendek

  It's pretty nice to catch some really obvious errors when using unset local variables or when accessing a class or struct's members directly prior to initializing them. In visual studio 2008 you get an "uninitialized local variable used" warning at compile-time and get a run-time check failure at the point of access when debugging. However, if you access an uninitialized struct's member variable through one of its functions, you don't get any warnings or assertions. Obviously the easiest solution is don't do that, but nobody's perfect. For example: struct Test { float GetMember() const { return member; } float member; }; Test test; float f1 = test.member; // Raises warning, asserts in VS debugger at runtime float f2 = test.GetMember(); // No problem, just keeps on going This surprised me, but it makes some sense -- the compiler can't assume calling a function on an unused struct is an error, or how else would you initialize or construct it? And anything fancier just quickly brings up so many other complications that it makes sense that it wouldn't bother classifying which functions are ok to call and when, especially just as a debugging help. I know I can set up my own assertions or error checking within the class itself, but that can complicate some simpler structs. Still, it would seem like within the context of the function call, wouldn't it know insides GetMember() that member wasn't initialized yet? I'm assuming it's not only relying on static compile-time deduction, given the Run-Time Check Failure #3 it raises during execution, so based on my current understanding of it it would seem reasonable for the same checks to apply. Is this just a limitation of this specific compiler/debugger (Visual Studio 2008), or more tied to how C++ works?

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• parse content away from structure in a binary file

  - by Jeff Godfrey

  Using C#, I need to read a packed binary file created using FORTRAN. The file is stored in an "Unformatted Sequential" format as described here (about half-way down the page in the "Unformatted Sequential Files" section): http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/services/userguides/intel8/fc/f_ug1/pggfmsp.htm As you can see from the URL, the file is organized into "chunks" of 130 bytes or less and includes 2 length bytes (inserted by the FORTRAN compiler) surrounding each chunk. So, I need to find an efficient way to parse the actual file payload away from the compiler-inserted formatting. Once I've extracted the actual payload from the file, I'll then need to parse it up into its varying data types. That'll be the next exercise. My first thoughts are to slurp up the entire file into a byte array using File.ReadAllBytes. Then, just iterate through the bytes, skipping the formatting and transferring the actual data to a second byte array. In the end, that second byte array should contain the actual file contents minus all the formatting, which I'd then need to go back through to get what I need. As I'm fairly new to C#, I thought there might be a better, more accepted way of tackling this. Also, in case it's helpful, these files could be fairly large (say 30MB), though most will be much smaller...

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• Compile Assembly Output generated by VC++?

  - by SDD

  I have a simple hello world C program and compile it with /FA. As a consequence, the compiler also generates the corresponding assembly listing. Now I want to use masm/link to assemble an executable from the generated .asm listing. The following command line yields 3 linker errors: \masm32\bin\ml /I"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include" /c /coff asm_test.asm \masm32\bin\link /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /LIBPATH:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\lib" asm_test.obj indicating that the C-runtime functions were not linked to the object files produced earlier: asm_test.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol @__security_check_cookie@4 asm_test.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _printf LINK : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _wmainCRTStartup asm_test.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 3 unresolved externals Here is the generated assembly listing ; Listing generated by Microsoft (R) Optimizing Compiler Version 15.00.30729.01 TITLE c:\asm_test\asm_test\asm_test.cpp .686P .XMM include listing.inc .model flat INCLUDELIB OLDNAMES PUBLIC ??_C@_0O@OBPALAEI@hello?5world?$CB?6?$AA@ ; `string' EXTRN @__security_check_cookie@4:PROC EXTRN _printf:PROC ; COMDAT ??_C@_0O@OBPALAEI@hello?5world?$CB?6?$AA@ CONST SEGMENT ??_C@_0O@OBPALAEI@hello?5world?$CB?6?$AA@ DB 'hello world!', 0aH, 00H ; `string' CONST ENDS PUBLIC _wmain ; Function compile flags: /Ogtpy ; COMDAT _wmain _TEXT SEGMENT _argc$ = 8 ; size = 4 _argv$ = 12 ; size = 4 _wmain PROC ; COMDAT ; File c:\users\octon\desktop\asm_test\asm_test\asm_test.cpp ; Line 21 push OFFSET ??_C@_0O@OBPALAEI@hello?5world?$CB?6?$AA@ call _printf add esp, 4 ; Line 22 xor eax, eax ; Line 23 ret 0 _wmain ENDP _TEXT ENDS END I am using the latest masm32 version (6.14.8444).

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• How to get a Class literal from a generically specific Class

  - by h2g2java

  There are methods like these which require Class literals as argument. Collection<EmpInfo> emps = SomeSqlUtil.select( EmpInfo.class, "select * from emps"); or GWT.create(Razmataz.class); The problem presents itself when I need to supply generic specific classes like EmpInfo<String> Razmataz<Integer> The following would be wrong syntax Collection<EmpInfo<String>> emps = SomeSqlUtil.select( EmpInfo<String>.class, "select * from emps"); or GWT.create(Razmataz<Integer>.class); Because you cannot do syntax like Razmataz<Integer>.class So, how would I be able to squeeze a class literal out of EmpInfo<String> Razmataz<Integer> so that I could feed them as arguments to methods requiring Class literals? Further info Okay, I confess that I am asking this primarily for GWT. I have a pair of GWT RPC interface Razmataz. (FYI, GWT RPC interface has to be defined in server-client pairs). I plan to use the same interface pair for communicating whether it be String, Integer, Boolean, etc. GWT.create(Razmataz) for Razmataz<T> complains that, since I did not specify T, GWT compiler treated it as Object. Then GWT compiler would not accept Object class. It needs to be more specific than being an Object. So, it seems there is no way for me to tell GWT.create what T is because a Class literal is a runtime concept while generics is a compile time concept, Right?

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• Template compiling errors on iPhone SDK 3.2

  - by Didier Malenfant

  I'm porting over some templated code from Windows and I'm hitting some compiler differences on the iPhone 3.2 SDK. Original code inside a class template's member function is: return BinarySearch<uint32, CSimpleKey<T> >(key); where BinarySearch is a method inherited from another template. This produces the following error: csimplekeytable.h:131: error: no matching function for call to 'BinarySearch(NEngine::uint32&)' The visual studio compiler seems to walk up the template hierarchy fine but gcc needs me to fully qualify where the function comes from (I have verified this by fixing the same issues with template member variables that way). So I now need to change this into: return CSimpleTable<CSimpleKey<T> >::BinarySearch<uint32, CSimpleKey<T> >(key); Which now produces the following error: csimplekeytable.h:132: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token csimplekeytable.h:132: error: expected primary-expression before '>' token After some head scratching, I believe what's going on here is that it's trying to resolve the '<' before BinarySearch as a 'Less Than' operator for some reason. So two questions: - Am I on the right path with my interpretation of the error? - How do I fix it? -D

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• Why compiling in Flash IDE I cannot access stage in a Sprite constructor before addChild while if I

  - by yuri

  I've created this simple class (omissing package directive and imports) public class Viewer extends Sprite { public function Viewer():void { trace(stage); } } then in Flash IDE I import in first frame this AS: import Viewer var viewer = new Viewer(); stage.addChild(viewer); trace(viewer.stage); and this works as I expected: the first trace called in constructor say stage is "null" because I haven't yet add viewer to a DisplayObjectContainer. The second one output the stage object. So I created a project using AXDT eclipse plugin, I've recreated and compiled only the first class (trashed the AS init script used in Flash IDE because is not needed) and on the first trace ... wow ... the stage is filled with the stage Object. I seems to me that the compiler used by AXDT (Flex4 SDK open source) add the class... before construct it (!?).. to a DisplayObjectContainer already attached to a Stage. I want to understand how can reproduce this behaviour using compiler in Flash IDE so I can directrly access Stage in construction.

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• Why do not C++11's move constructor/assignment operator act as expected

  - by xmllmx

  #include <iostream> using namespace std; struct A { A() { cout << "A()" << endl; } ~A() { cout << "~A()" << endl; } A(A&&) { cout << "A(A&&)" << endl; } A& operator =(A&&) { cout << "A& operator =(A&&)" << endl; return *this; } }; struct B { // According to the C++11, the move ctor/assignment operator // should be implicitly declared and defined. The move ctor // /assignment operator should implicitly call class A's move // ctor/assignment operator to move member a. A a; }; B f() { B b; // The compiler knows b is a temporary object, so implicitly // defined move ctor/assignment operator of class B should be // called here. Which will cause A's move ctor is called. return b; } int main() { f(); return 0; } My expected output should be: A() A(A&&) ~A() ~A() However, the actual output is: (The C++ compiler is: Visual Studio 2012) A() ~A() ~A() Is this a bug of VC++? or just my misunderstanding?

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• what are all the Optimize tricks that you know for asp.net code ?

  - by Aristos

  After some time of many code programming on asp.net, I discover the very big speed different between string and StringBuilder. I know that is very common and known but I just mention it for start. The second think that I have found to speed up the code, is to use the const, and not the static, for declare my configuration constants value (especial the strings). With the const, the compiler not create new object, but just place the value, on the point that you have ask it, but with the static declaration, is create a new memory object and keep its on the memory. My third trick, is when I search for string, I use hash values, and not the string itself. For example, if I need a List<string SomeValues, and place inside strings that I need to search them, I prefer to use List<int SomeHashValue, and I use the hash value to locate the strings. My forth thought that I was wandering, is if is better to place big strings in one line, or separate them in different lines with the + symbol to be more easy to read out. I make some tests and see that the compiler make a good job is some split the string, in many lines, using the + symbol. What other tricks/tips do you know and use on your programming to make it run faster, and maybe use less memory. Well I know, that some times, to make something run faster, you need more memory, more cache. My priority is on speed. Because Speed Counts.

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• Problems initializing a final variable in Java

  - by froadie

  I keep running into slight variations of a problem in Java and it's starting to get to me, and I can't really think of a proper way to get around it. I have an object property that is final, but dynamic. That is, I want the value to be constant once assigned, but the value can be different each runtime. So I declare the class level variable at the beginning of the class - say private final FILE_NAME;. Then, in the constructor, I assign it a value - say FILE_NAME = buildFileName(); The problem begins when I have code in the buildFileName() method that throws an exception. So I try something like this in the constructor: try{ FILE_NAME = buildFileName(); } catch(Exception e){ ... System.exit(1); } Now I have an error - "The blank final field FILE_NAME may not have been initialized." This is where I start to get slightly annoyed at Java's strict compiler. I know that this won't be a problem because if it gets to the catch the program will exit... But the compiler doesn't know that and so doesn't allow this code. If I try to add a dummy assignment to the catch, I get - "The final field FILE_NAME may already have been assigned." I clearly can't assign a default value before the try-catch because I can only assign to it once. Any ideas...?

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• Compiling scipy on Windows 32-bit

  - by Sridhar Ratnakumar

  Has anyone tried compiling SciPy on Windows using numpy-1.3.0 that was built with the pre-built ATLAS libraries (atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2.zip) linked in the installation document. I get the following linker error, and have no ideas as to how to fix this issue. $ python setup.py config --compiler=mingw32 build --compiler=mingw32 install --root=i [...] creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy creating build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate compile options: '-DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\site-packages\numpy\core\inc lude" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c' gcc -mno-cygwin -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=2 -I"C:\Documents and Settings\apy\Application Data\Python\Python26\ site-packages\numpy\core\include" -IC:\Python26\include -IC:\Python26\PC -c scipy\integrate\_odepackmo dule.c -o build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule.o C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrate\_odepackmodule .o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python26\libs -LC:\Act ivePython32Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llapack -lpython26 - lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_daxpy.o):ATL_F77wrap_axpy.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `ATL _daxpy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dscal.o):ATL_F77wrap_scal.c:(.text+0x26): undefined reference to `ATL _dscal' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_dcopy.o):ATL_F77wrap_copy.c:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `ATL _dcopy' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_idamax.o):ATL_F77wrap_amax.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `AT L_idamax' C:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2/libf77blas.a(ATL_F77wrap_ddot.o):ATL_F77wrap_dot.c:(.text+0x36): undefined reference to `ATL_d dot' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status error: Command "C:\MinGW\bin\g77.exe -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -shared build\temp.win32-2.6\Release\scipy\integrat e\_odepackmodule.o -LC:\atlas3.6.0_WinNT_P4SSE2 -LC:\MinGW\lib -LC:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5 -LC:\Python 26\libs -LC:\Python26\PCbuild -Lbuild\temp.win32-2.6 -lodepack -llinpack_lite -lmach -latlas -lcblas -lf77blas -llap ack -lpython26 -lg2c -o build\lib.win32-2.6\scipy\integrate\_odepack.pyd" failed with exit status 1 Does anyone know what could have gone wrong here?

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• Why does Microsoft advise against readonly fields with mutable values?

  - by Weeble

  In the Design Guidelines for Developing Class Libraries, Microsoft say: Do not assign instances of mutable types to read-only fields. The objects created using a mutable type can be modified after they are created. For example, arrays and most collections are mutable types while Int32, Uri, and String are immutable types. For fields that hold a mutable reference type, the read-only modifier prevents the field value from being overwritten but does not protect the mutable type from modification. This simply restates the behaviour of readonly without explaining why it's bad to use readonly. The implication appears to be that many people do not understand what "readonly" does and will wrongly expect readonly fields to be deeply immutable. In effect it advises using "readonly" as code documentation indicating deep immutability - despite the fact that the compiler has no way to enforce this - and disallows its use for its normal function: to ensure that the value of the field doesn't change after the object has been constructed. I feel uneasy with this recommendation to use "readonly" to indicate something other than its normal meaning understood by the compiler. I feel that it encourages people to misunderstand the meaning of "readonly", and furthermore to expect it to mean something that the author of the code might not intend. I feel that it precludes using it in places it could be useful - e.g. to show that some relationship between two mutable objects remains unchanged for the lifetime of one of those objects. The notion of assuming that readers do not understand the meaning of "readonly" also appears to be in contradiction to other advice from Microsoft, such as FxCop's "Do not initialize unnecessarily" rule, which assumes readers of your code to be experts in the language and should know that (for example) bool fields are automatically initialised to false, and stops you from providing the redundancy that shows "yes, this has been consciously set to false; I didn't just forget to initialize it". So, first and foremost, why do Microsoft advise against use of readonly for references to mutable types? I'd also be interested to know: Do you follow this Design Guideline in all your code? What do you expect when you see "readonly" in a piece of code you didn't write?

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• Are programming languages and methods inefficient? (assembler and C knowledge needed)

  - by b-gen-jack-o-neill

  Hi, for a long time, I am thinking and studying output of C language compiler in assembler form, as well as CPU architecture. I know this may be silly to you, but it seems to me that something is very ineffective. Please, don´t be angry if I am wrong, and there is some reason I do not see for all these principles. I will be very glad if you tell me why is it designed this way. I actually truly believe I am wrong, I know the genius minds of people which get PCs together knew a reason to do so. What exactly, do you ask? I´ll tell you right away, I use C as a example: 1: Stack local scope memory allocation: So, typical local memory allocation uses stack. Just copy esp to ebp and than allocate all the memory via ebp. OK, I would understand this if you explicitly need allocate RAM by default stack values, but if I do understand it correctly, modern OS use paging as a translation layer between application and physical RAM, when address you desire is further translated before reaching actual RAM byte. So why don´t just say 0x00000000 is int a,0x00000004 is int b and so? And access them just by mov 0x00000000,#10? Because you wont actually access memory blocks 0x00000000 and 0x00000004 but those your OS set the paging tables to. Actually, since memory allocation by ebp and esp use indirect addressing, "my" way would be even faster. 2: Variable allocation duplicity: When you run application, Loader load its code into RAM. When you create variable, or string, compiler generates code that pushes these values on the top o stack when created in main. So there is actual instruction for do so, and that actual number in memory. So, there are 2 entries of the same value in RAM. One in form of instruction, second in form of actual bytes in the RAM. But why? Why not to just when declaring variable count at which memory block it would be, than when used, just insert this memory location?

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• Newbie question: When to use extern "C" { //code } ?

  - by Russel

  Hello, Maybe I'm not understanding the differences between C and C++, but when and why do we need to use: extern "C" { ? Apparently its a "linkage convention"? I read about it briefly and noticed that all the .h header files included with MSVS surround their code with it. What type of code exactly is "C code" and NOT "C++ code"? I thought C++ included all C code? I'm guessing that this is not the case and that C++ is different and that standard features/functions exist in one or the other but not both (ie: printf is C and cout is C++), but that C++ is backwards compatible though the extern "C" declaration. Is this correct? My next question depends on the answer to the first, but I'll ask it here anyway: Since MSVS header files that are written in C are surrounded by extern "C" { ... }, when would you ever need to use this yourself in your own code? If your code is C code and you are trying to compile it in a C++ compiler, shouldn't it work without problem because all the standard h files you include will already have the extern "C" thing in them with the C++ compiler? Do you have to use this when compiling in C++ but linking to alteady built C libraries or something? Please help clarify this for me... Thanks! --Keith

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• Cairo / GTK example code crashes when window is too big or maximized

  - by user1890673

  I have copied and compiled the source code available in the section titled "Full Source". http://cairographics.org/threaded_animation_with_cairo/ I adapted this code to a project that I'm working on only to find that the app would crash when I made the window too big. Going back to the original example code, it too crashes when the window is too big ( 1000x1000 or so). I narrowed down in the example that this line appears to be responsible: pixmap = gdk_pixmap_new(window-window,500,500,-1); Where pixmap is of type GdkPixmap*. Resizing the window overwrites pixmap with a new pixmap that is the size of the window. I am doing this in Eclipse Juno in Windows Vista, 32-bit. My compiler is MinGW version 0.5-beta-20120426-1. My GTK+ version is 2.24.10 and apparently Cairo is 1.10.2 I added all of the includes and libraries for GTK and also added compiler switch -mms-bitfields. Is there a limit to the size of a pixmap or something? I'm just starting with GTK with examples so I'm not sure where to go if this example doesn't work.

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• How to create an instance of object with RTTI in Delphi 2010?

  - by Paul

  As we all known, when we call a constructor of a class like this: instance := TSomeClass.Create; The Delphi compiler actually do the following things: Call the static NewInstance method to allocate memory and initialize the memory layout. Call the constructor method to perform the initialization of the class Call the AfterConstruction method It's simple and easy to understand. but I'm not very sure how the compiler handle exceptions in the second and the third step. It seems there are no explicit way to create an instance using a RTTI constructor method in D2010. so I wrote a simple function in the Spring Framework for Delphi to reproduce the process of the creation. class function TActivator.CreateInstance(instanceType: TRttiInstanceType; constructorMethod: TRttiMethod; const arguments: array of TValue): TObject; var classType: TClass; begin TArgument.CheckNotNull(instanceType, 'instanceType'); TArgument.CheckNotNull(constructorMethod, 'constructorMethod'); classType := instanceType.MetaclassType; Result := classType.NewInstance; try constructorMethod.Invoke(Result, arguments); except on Exception do begin if Result is TInterfacedObject then begin Dec(TInterfacedObjectHack(Result).FRefCount); end; Result.Free; raise; end; end; try Result.AfterConstruction; except on Exception do begin Result.Free; raise; end; end; end; I feel it maybe not 100% right. so please show me the way. Thanks!

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• In a class with no virtual methods or superclass, is it safe to assume (address of first member vari

  - by Jeremy Friesner

  Hi all, I made a private API that assumes that the address of the first member-object in the class will be the same as the class's this-pointer... that way the member-object can trivially derive a pointer to the object that it is a member of, without having to store a pointer explicitly. Given that I am willing to make sure that the container class won't inherit from any superclass, won't have any virtual methods, and that the member-object that does this trick will be the first member object declared, will that assumption hold valid for any C++ compiler, or do I need to use the offsetof() operator (or similar) to guarantee correctness? To put it another way, the code below does what I expect under g++, but will it work everywhere? class MyContainer { public: MyContainer() {} ~MyContainer() {} // non-virtual dtor private: class MyContained { public: MyContained() {} ~MyContained() {} // Given that the only place Contained objects are declared is m_contained // (below), will this work as expected on any C++ compiler? MyContainer * GetPointerToMyContainer() { return reinterpret_cast<MyContainer *>(this); } }; MyContained m_contained; // MUST BE FIRST MEMBER ITEM DECLARED IN MyContainer int m_foo; // other member items may be declared after m_contained float m_bar; };

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• lambda traits inconsistency across C++0x compilers

  - by Sumant

  I observed some inconsistency between two compilers (g++ 4.5, VS2010 RC) in the way they match lambdas with partial specializations of class templates. I was trying to implement something like boost::function_types for lambdas to extract type traits. Check this for more details. In g++ 4.5, the type of the operator() of a lambda appears to be like that of a free standing function (R (*)(...)) whereas in VS2010 RC, it appears to be like that of a member function (R (C::*)(...)). So the question is are compiler writers free to interpret any way they want? If not, which compiler is correct? See the details below. template <typename T> struct function_traits : function_traits<decltype(&T::operator())> { // This generic template is instantiated on both the compilers as expected. }; template <typename R, typename C> struct function_traits<R (C::*)() const> { // inherits from this one on VS2010 RC typedef R result_type; }; template <typename R> struct function_traits<R (*)()> { // // inherits from this one g++ 4.5 typedef R result_type; }; int main(void) { auto lambda = []{}; function_traits<decltype(lambda)>::result_type *r; // void * } This program compiles on both g++ 4.5 and VS2010 but the function_traits that are instantiated are different as noted in the code.

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