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  • Beginner&amp;#8217;s Guide to Git

    <b>Make Tech Easier:</b> "Git is the revision control system created by the Linux kernel&#8217;s famous Linus Torvalds due to a lack of satisfaction with existing solutions. The main emphasis in the design was on speed, or more specifically, efficiency."

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  • Tool to identify potential reviewers for a proposed change

    - by Lorin Hochstein
    Is there a tool that takes as input a proposed patch and a git repository, and identifies the developers are the best candidates for reviewing the patch? It would use the git history to identify the authors that have the most experience with the files / sections of code that are being changed. Edit: The use case is a large open source project (OpenStack Compute), where merge proposals come in, and I see a merge proposal on a chunk of code I'm not familiar with, and I want to add somebody else's name to the list of suggested reviewers so that person gets a notification to look at the merge proposal.

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  • Advice Needed: Developers blocked by waiting on code to merge from another branch using GitFlow

    - by fogwolf
    Our team just made the switch from FogBugz & Kiln/Mercurial to Jira & Stash/Git. We are using the Git Flow model for branching, adding subtask branches off of feature branches (relating to Jira subtasks of Jira features). We are using Stash to assign a reviewer when we create a pull request to merge back into the parent branch (usually develop but for subtasks back into the feature branch). The problem we're finding is that even with the best planning and breakdown of feature cases, when multiple developers are working together on the same feature, say on the front-end and back-end, if they are working on interdependent code that is in separate branches one developer ends up blocking the other. We've tried pulling between each others' branches as we develop. We've also tried creating local integration branches each developer can pull from multiple branches to test the integration as they develop. Finally, and this seems to work possibly the best for us so far, though with a bit more overhead, we have tried creating an integration branch off of the feature branch right off the bat. When a subtask branch (off of the feature branch) is ready for a pull request and code review, we also manually merge those change sets into this feature integration branch. Then all interested developers are able to pull from that integration branch into other dependent subtask branches. This prevents anyone from waiting for any branch they are dependent upon to pass code review. I know this isn't necessarily a Git issue - it has to do with working on interdependent code in multiple branches, mixed with our own work process and culture. If we didn't have the strict code-review policy for develop (true integration branch) then developer 1 could merge to develop for developer 2 to pull from. Another complication is that we are also required to do some preliminary testing as part of the code review process before handing the feature off to QA.This means that even if front-end developer 1 is pulling directly from back-end developer 2's branch as they go, if back-end developer 2 finishes and his/her pull request is sitting in code review for a week, then front-end developer 2 technically can't create his pull request/code review because his/her code reviewer can't test because back-end developer 2's code hasn't been merged into develop yet. Bottom line is we're finding ourselves in a much more serial rather than parallel approach in these instance, depending on which route we go, and would like to find a process to use to avoid this. Last thing I'll mention is we realize by sharing code across branches that haven't been code reviewed and finalized yet we are in essence using the beta code of others. To a certain extent I don't think we can avoid that and are willing to accept that to a degree. Anyway, any ideas, input, etc... greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • What is a resonable workflow for designing webapps?

    - by Evan Plaice
    It has been a while since I have done any substantial web development and I'd like to take advantage of the latest practices but I'm struggling to visualize the workflow to incorporate everything. Here's what I'm looking to use: CakePHP framework jsmin (JavaScript Minify) SASS (Synctactically Awesome StyleSheets) Git CakePHP: Pretty self explanatory, make modifications and update the source. jsmin: When you modify a script, do you manually run jsmin to output the new minified code, or would it be better to run a pre-commit hook that automatically generates jsmin outputs of javascript files that have changed. Assume that I have no knowledge of implementing commit hooks. SASS: I really like what SASS has to offer but I'm also aware that SASS code isn't supported by browsers by default so, at some point, the SASS code needs to be transformed to normal CSS. At what point in the workflow is this done. Git I'm terrified to admit it but, the last time I did any substantial web development, I didn't use SCM source control (IE, I did use source control but it consisted of a very detailed change log with backups). I have since had plenty of experience using Git (as well as mercurial and SVN) for desktop development but I'm wondering how to best implement it for web development). Is it common practice to implement a remote repository on the web host so I can push the changes directly to the production server, or is there some cross platform (windows/linux) tool that makes it easy to upload only changed files to the production server. Are there web hosting companies that make it eas to implement a remote repository, do I need SSH access, etc... I know how to accomplish this on my own testing server with a remote repository with a separate remote tracking branch already but I've never done it on a remote production web hosting server before so I'm not aware of the options yet. Extra: I was considering implementing a javascript framework where separate javascript files used on a page are compiled into a single file for each page on the production server to limit the number of file downloads needed per page. Does something like this already exist? Is there already an open source project out in the wild that implements something similar that I could use and contribute to? Considering how paranoid web devs are about performance (and the fact that the number of file requests on a website is a big hit to performance) I'm guessing that there is some wizard hacker on the net who has already addressed this issue.

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  • Is Perforce as good as merging as DVCSs?

    - by dukeofgaming
    I've heard that Perforce is very good at merging, I'm guessing this has to do with that it tracks changes in the form of changelists where you can add differences across several files in a single blow. I think this implies Perforce gathers more metadata and therefore has more information to do smarter merging (at least smarter than Subversion, being Perforce centralized). Since this is similar to how Mercurial and Git handle changes (I know DVCSs track content rather than files), I was wondering if somebody knew what were the subtle differences that makes Perforce better or worse than a DVCS like Mercurial or Git.

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  • Is there a decent way to maintain development of wordpress sites using the same base?

    - by Joakim Johansson
    We've been churning out wordpress sites for a while, and we'd like to keep a base repository that can be used when starting a new project, as well as updating existing sites with changes to the wordpress base. Am I wrong in assuming this would be a good thing? We take care of updating the sites, so having a common base would make this easier. I've been looking at solutions using git, such as forking a base repository and using it to pull changes to the wordpress base, but committing the site to it's own repository. Or maybe, if it's possible, storing the base as a git submodule, but this would require storing themes and plugins outside of that. Is there any common way to go about this kind of website development?

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  • Is Perforce as good at merging as DVCSs?

    - by dukeofgaming
    I've heard that Perforce is very good at merging, I'm guessing this has to do with that it tracks changes in the form of changelists where you can add differences across several files in a single blow. I think this implies Perforce gathers more metadata and therefore has more information to do smarter merging (at least smarter than Subversion, being Perforce centralized). Since this is similar to how Mercurial and Git handle changes (I know DVCSs track content rather than files), I was wondering if somebody knew what were the subtle differences that makes Perforce better or worse than a DVCS like Mercurial or Git.

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  • Which VCS is efficient for storing small changes to big text files?

    - by MiguelM
    A government agency publishes a text file with thousands of records. The entire file is about 60MB. Every day the file has about 60 new or changed records. We need to validate some info against that file, and for auditing purposes, we may need to recover the file as it was in certain date. I thought I could use a VCS to store the file using git, but I understand git stores the entire text file gzipped, so the 60BM file will still need about 30MB to store everyday version. I wonder if one of the free VCS stores only diff/patch files.

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  • Instructions on using TortoiseGit to interact with an SVN repository?

    - by markerikson
    I've been using TortoiseSVN on Windows for years with local filesystem repositories for my own projects. I'm planning to start collaborating with a friend on one of the projects, and will be shifting the repository to my own website. I've read a lot of "git beats SVN!" posts over the last couple years, and figured I ought to at least see what the fuss was about. Some research turned up the "git svn" command, and that TortoiseGit claims to have some level of git-svn support. I like the idea of keeping the SVN repository, and doing some local commits or branches with git before committing them to the repository. The "shelve" command also sounds useful. Unfortunately, while there's a number of CLI git-svn tutorials, there's nothing for TortoiseGit (which admittedly seems to be still in early development). As a result, I'm having problems trying to figure out what workflow I need to get these pieces to cooperate. I have an SVN repository in D:\Projects\repositories\MyProject. I created D:\Projects\temp\gittest, and tried to do a TortoiseGit "Git Clone" of the repository. From there, I've had issues trying to indicate the location of the trunk/branches/tags folders (which are just the standard layout in my repository). I was only able to get useful results when I left those unchecked. When I did seem to get the git repository started correctly, I was able to make some changes and do a couple git commits, but then had problems doing an SVN DCommit. So, I'm hoping someone out there can provide a reasonably detailed set of instructions on how to correctly use TortoiseGit with an existing SVN repository (with the repository on either the local filesystem or on a remote server). No "don't use SVN!" responses, please - I'm interested in learning how to get these two pieces to work together. If you feel TortoiseGit's SVN support isn't mature enough to make this work, that would also be useful information. Thanks!

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  • Automatically stashing

    - by Readonly
    The section Last links in the chain: Stashing and the reflog in http://ftp.newartisans.com/pub/git.from.bottom.up.pdf recommends stashing often to take snapshots of your work in progress. The author goes as far as recommending that you can use a cron job to stash your work regularly, without having to do a stash manually. The beauty of stash is that it lets you apply unobtrusive version control to your working process itself: namely, the various stages of your working tree from day to day. You can even use stash on a regular basis if you like, with something like the following snapshot script: $ cat <<EOF > /usr/local/bin/git-snapshot #!/bin/sh git stash && git stash apply EOF $ chmod +x $_ $ git snapshot There’s no reason you couldn’t run this from a cron job every hour, along with running the reflog expire command every week or month. The problem with this approach is: If there are no changes to your working copy, the "git stash apply" will cause your last stash to be applied over your working copy. There could be race conditions between when the cron job executes and the user working on the working copy. For example, "git stash" runs, then the user opens the file, then the script's "git stash apply" is executed. Does anybody have suggestions for making this automatic stashing work more reliably?

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  • Socat and rich terminals (with Ctrl+C/Ctrl+Z/Ctrl+D propagation)

    - by Vi
    socat - exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,ctty - bash: no job control in this shell What options should I use to get fully fledged shell as I get with ssh/sshd? I want to be able to connect the shell to everything socat can handle (SOCKS 5, UDP, OpenSSL), but also to have a nice shell which correctly interprets all keys, various Ctrl+C/Ctrl+Z, tab completion, up/down keys (with remote history). Update: Found "setsid" socat option. It fixes "no job control". Now trying to fix Ctrl+D. Update 2: socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane. Not it handles Ctrl+D/Ctrl+Z/Ctrl+C well, I can start Vim inside it, remote history is OK.

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  • Run Python Server at Startup

    - by DizzyDoo
    Hello, I've got a few Python based servers that I need to run, and would like them to start automatically when I start my Ubuntu Server box. What is the best way to execute them like this? I was hoping I could write a Bash script and use Screen to get them running in the background, where I can check on them every now and then, but where as echo screen -d -m python works just fine, echo screen -d -m `sudo python /home/matt/tornadoServer/tornadoDeploy.py` doesn't, with no error messages. Is that something to do with the spaces? Even though I did surround it with backquotes? I also tried: WEB="screen -d -m `sudo python /home/matt/tornadoServer/tornadoDeploy.py`" echo $WEB As a way of escaping the spaces, but no luck. What's Bash scripting way to do this? And, once the Bash script works, where can I put it to make it execute on startup?

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  • Mac Terminal: changed my shell, now can't start it

    - by kch
    I installed bash 4.0 via MacPorts, then used sudo chsh -s /opt/local/bin/bash my_user to change my shell. Before that I tried just running plain chsh without sudo, but it wouldn't allow me to change my shell to that path. Now when I try to start Terminal I'm getting a message that my shell has an illegal value, so Terminal won't start. I click Quit, and, unsurprisingly but annoyingly, it quits immediately. How do I reset my shell so I can start Terminal again? How do I set my shell to bash installed via MacPorts in a way that it'll work? Why does Terminal think my shell is illegal anyway? Is it siding with the neo-prohibitionists? Mac OS X 10.5.8. Everything super mega up-to-date.

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  • better options for screen?

    - by lonestar21
    OK. So I love screen. It has saved my bacon a few times when machines crash or get disconnected from the network. However, there are enough reasons keep keep me from using screen for everything, which include: Pain in the butt scrolling. Why can't I just interact as though this is a normal bash shell? My keyboard shortcuts are gone. I have a number of things customized in my bash environment, is there a way to get them to work in screen as well? Are there any tools our tips that I can use to make my screen-using experience as high quality as my bash using experience?

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  • Files copying between servers by creation time

    - by driftux
    My bash scripting knowledge is very weak that's why I'm asking help here. What is the most effective bash script according to performance to find and copy files from one LINUX server to another using specifications described below. I need to get a bash script which finds only new files created in server A in directories with name "Z" between interval from 0 to 10 minutes ago. Then transfer them to server B. I think it can be done by formatting a query and executing it for each founded new file "scp /X/Y.../Z/file root@hostname:/X/Y.../Z/" If script finds no such remote path on server B it will continue copying second file which directory exists. File should be copied with permissions, group, owner and creation time. X/Y... are various directories path. I want setup a cron job to execute this script every 10 minutes. So the performance is very important in this case. Thank you.

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  • BASH_ENV ignored on solaris?

    - by Peeter Joot
    In my .bash_profile, executed for both my interactive and non-interactive logins are BASH_ENV=$HOME/.myinteractivestuff export BASH_ENV doing this for bash on Linux works fine, but on Solaris is not sourced: bash --version GNU bash, version 3.00.16(1)-release (sparc-sun-solaris2.10) Curiously, if I invoke screen within my login shell, BASH_ENV is then read. Are any restrictions on when $BASH_ENV is respected on Solaris? In my case I'm logging in with ssh using putty, but also tried unix to unix ssh, and telnet and see the same. Note that I know that my BASH_ENV variable assignment is being executed since I can echo this variable after login without any trouble (ie: ruling out the obvious possibility that my .bash_profile is also not being read).

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  • Directories will list, but are not recognize by cd

    - by mdimond
    New to terminal and having problems out of the gate. Using Terminal 2.1.2 on a Mac running 10.6.8. Using the "ls Documents" will list the contents, but when I try to change directories, which I tried several different ways, I get the following results: new-host-2:~ MDimond$ cd. -bash: cd.: command not found new-host-2:~ MDimond$ cd./Users/MDimond/Documents -bash: cd./Users/MDimond/Documents: No such file or directory new-host-2:~ MDimond$ cd. /Documents -bash: cd.: command not found The /usr/bin has the cd command listed; the /bin does not. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, md

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  • Mac terminal: Resource temporarily unavailable

    - by user167108
    I'm getting an error message in the Mac Terminal when I try to run several different processes. I did some googling and looking on this site, and found out that it might be related to having too many processes running at one time. However, I'm getting these error messages when I only have a few windows open (much fewer than I was accustomed to having). Looking in activity Monitor, my %User number is at around 25%, and the %System number is around 15%. In the past, I have had both much much higher (until the people at the Apple store told me to keep an eye on it). So with these numbers lower now, what explains the Resource temporarily unavailable error message? heroku (cloud hosting) console -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable -bash-3.2$ upon opening new window in the terminal sh: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable sh: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable trying to run -bash: fork: Resource temporarily unavailable

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  • Running a cronjob

    - by Ed01
    've been puzzling over cronjobs for the last few hours. I've read documentation and examples. I understand the basics and concepts, but haven't gotten anything to work. So I would appreciate some help with this total noob dilemma. The ultimate goal is to schedule the execution of a django function every day. Before I get that far, I want to know that I can schedule any old script to run, first once, then on a regular basis. So I want to: 1) Write a simple script (perhaps a bash script) that will allow me to determine that yes, it did indeed run successfully, or that it failed. 2) schedule this script to run at the top of the hour I tried writing a bash script that simple output some text to the terminal: #!/bin/bash echo "The script ran" Then I dropped this into a .txt file MAILTO = *****.******@gmail.com 05 * * * * /home/vadmin/development/test.sh But nothing happened. I'm sure I did many things wrong. Where do I start to fix all of this?

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  • Use alias source with relative path

    - by notme
    I want to add an alias file to my project folder to quickly open and edit files in it with a simple shell command. To make it more portable, I would like to use only relative paths. I want something like this: ### .profile source /my/project/folder/aliases.bash and ### aliases.bash editprojectfiles="edit [/my/project/folder/]afile.txt" The problem for me now is how to retrieve [/my/project/folder/] automatically. I tried to use $PWD variable, but the result is that the alias points to the folder of .profile file and not the aliases.bash ones. Is there a way to get this?

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