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• What is the benefits and drawbacks of using header files?

  - by vodkhang

  I had some experience on programming languages like Java, C#, Scala as well as some lower level programming language like C, C++, Objective - C. My observation is that low level languages separate out header files and implementation files while other higher level programming language never separate it out. They use some identifiers like public, private, protected to do the jobs of header files. I saw one benefit of using header file (in some book like Code Complete), they talk about that using header files, people can never look at our implementation file and it helps with encapsulation. A drawback is that it creates too many files for me. Sometimes, it looks like verbose. It is just my thought and I don't know if there are any other benefits and drawbacks that people ever see and work with header file This question may not relate directly to programming but I think that if I can understand better about programming to interface, design software.

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• c++11 atomic ordering: extended total order memory_order_seq_cst for locks

  - by itaj

  There's this note in c++11 29.3-p3: [ Note: Although it is not explicitly required that S include locks, it can always be extended to an order that does include lock and unlock operations, since the ordering between those is already included in the "happens before" ordering. - end note ] What does it mean by "always"? I can understand that any certain implementation can be designed to support such an extended S. But in some general implementation that wasn't designed for it, I don't see that S can be extended so. I had sent this question to comp.std.c++ but got no answers there. http://groups.google.com/group/comp.std.c++/browse_frm/thread/5242fa70d0594d1b#

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• Counting bits set in a .Net BitArray Class

  - by Sam

  I am implementing a library where I am extensively using the .Net BitArray class and need an equivalent to the Java BitSet.Cardinality() method, i.e. a method which returns the number of bits set. I was thinking of implementing it as an extension method for the BitArray class. The trivial implementation is to iterate and count the bits set (like below), but I wanted a faster implementation as I would be performing thousands of set operations and counting the answer. Is there a faster way than the example below? count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < mybitarray.Length; i++) { if (mybitarray [i]) count++; }

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• Which libraries use the "We Know Where You Live" optimization for std::make_shared?

  - by KnowItAllWannabe

  Over two years ago, Stephan T. Lavavej described a space-saving optimization he implemented in Microsoft's implementation of std::make_shared, and I know from speaking with him that Microsoft has nothing against other library implementations adopting this optimization. If you know for sure whether other libraries (e.g., for Gnu C++, Clang, Intel C++, plus Boost (for boost::make_shared)) have adopted this implementation, please contribute an answer. I don't have ready access to that many make_shared implementations, nor am I wild about digging into the bowels of the ones I have to see if they've implemented the WKWYL optimization, but I'm hoping that SO readers know the answers for some libraries off-hand. I know from looking at the code that as of Boost 1.52, the WKWYL optimization had not been implemented, but Boost is now up to version 1.55. Note that this optimization is different from std::make_shared's ability to avoid a dedicated heap allocation for the reference count used by std::shared_ptr. For a discussion of the difference between WKWYL and that optimication, consult this question.

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• iphone memory management: alloc and retain properties.

  - by Jonathan

  According to the docs, you do one release per alloc or retain (etc) However what about when using retain propertys? eg: HEADER @property(retain)UIView *someView; IMPLEMENTATION /*in some method*/ UIView *tempView = [[UIView alloc] init]; //<<<<<ALLOC - retain count = +1 [tempView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]]; self.someView = tempView; ///<<<<<RETAIN - retain count = +2 [tempView release]; ///should I do this? or a different version of the IMPLEMENTATION self.someView = [[UIView alloc] init]; //<<<<<ALLOC & RETAIN - retain count = +2 //now what??? [self.someView release]; ???? EDIT: I didn't make it clear, but I meant what to do in both circumstances, not just the first.

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• How to approach copying objects with smart pointers as class attributes?

  - by tomislav-maric

  From the boost library documentation I read this: Conceptually, smart pointers are seen as owning the object pointed to, and thus responsible for deletion of the object when it is no longer needed. I have a very simple problem: I want to use RAII for pointer attributes of a class that is Copyable and Assignable. The copy and assignment operations should be deep: every object should have its own copy of the actual data. Also, RTTI needs to be available for the attributes (their type may also be determined at runtime). Should I be searching for an implementation of a Copyable smart pointer (the data are small, so I don't need Copy on Write pointers), or do I delegate the copy operation to the copy constructors of my objects as shown in this answer? Which smart pointer do I choose for simple RAII of a class that is copyable and assignable? (I'm thinking that the unique_ptr with delegated copy/assignment operations to the class copy constructor and assignment operator would make a proper choice, but I am not sure) Here's a pseudocode for the problem using raw pointers, it's just a problem description, not a running C++ code: // Operation interface class ModelOperation { public: virtual void operate = (); }; // Implementation of an operation called Special class SpecialModelOperation : public ModelOperation { private: // Private attributes are present here in a real implementation. public: // Implement operation void operate () {}; }; // All operations conform to ModelOperation interface // These are possible operation names: // class MoreSpecialOperation; // class DifferentOperation; // Concrete model with different operations class MyModel { private: ModelOperation* firstOperation_; ModelOperation* secondOperation_; public: MyModel() : firstOperation_(0), secondOperation_(0) { // Forgetting about run-time type definition from input files here. firstOperation_ = new MoreSpecialOperation(); secondOperation_ = new DifferentOperation(); } void operate() { firstOperation_->operate(); secondOperation_->operate(); } ~MyModel() { delete firstOperation_; firstOperation_ = 0; delete secondOperation_; secondOperation_ = 0; } }; int main() { MyModel modelOne; // Some internal scope { // I want modelTwo to have its own set of copied, not referenced // operations, and at the same time I need RAII to work for it, // as soon as it goes out of scope. MyModel modelTwo (modelOne); } return 0; }

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• -[CCScene setOffsetx:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance

  - by Alexander Sharunov

  please help me, i'm very new in objective-c i've got 2 simplest classes (bellow first, second) i would like to set the offsetx properties of self.rolypoly object in second class like a self.rolypoly.offsetx=1 or run use [self.rolypoly setOffx]; to do somethings, but i always have the errors: trying [self.rolypoly setOffx]; in second class -[CCScene setOffx:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x91d0b70' or trying self.rolypoly.offsetx=1; in second class -[CCScene setOffsetx:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x808bfc0' first class //************************************************************ #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "cocos2d.h" @interface RolyPoly : CCLayer { CCAction *_walkAction; CCSprite *_rolypoly; int offsetx; int offsety; } @property (nonatomic, retain) CCSprite *rolypoly; @property (nonatomic, retain) CCAction *walkAction; @property (nonatomic, assign) int offsetx; @property (nonatomic, assign) int offsety; +(id) scene; -(void) setOffx; @end //************************************************************ #import "GameLayer.h" #import "RolyPoly.h" @implementation RolyPoly @synthesize rolypoly = _rolypoly; @synthesize walkAction = _walkAction; @synthesize offsetx = _offsetx; @synthesize offsety = _offsety; +(id) scene { CCScene *scene = [CCScene node]; RolyPoly *layer = [RolyPoly node]; [scene addChild: layer]; return scene; } -(id) init { if ((self = [super init])) { [self scheduleUpdate]; } return self; } -(void) setOffx { NSLog(@"setOffx"); } -(void) update:(ccTime)delta { } - (void) dealloc { self.rolypoly = nil; self.walkAction = nil; [super dealloc]; } @end second class //************************************************************ #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import "cocos2d.h" #import "RolyPoly.h" @interface GameLayer : CCLayer { RolyPoly *_rolypoly; } // returns a CCScene that contains the HelloWorldLayer as the only child +(CCScene *) scene; @property (nonatomic, assign) RolyPoly * rolypoly; @end //************************************************************ #import "GameLayer.h" #import "RolyPoly.h" // HelloWorldLayer implementation @implementation GameLayer @synthesize rolypoly = _rolypoly; +(CCScene *) scene { CCScene *scene = [CCScene node]; GameLayer *layer = [GameLayer node]; [scene addChild: layer]; return scene; } -(id) init { if( (self=[super init])) { CGSize screenSize = [[CCDirector sharedDirector] winSize]; self.rolypoly = [RolyPoly scene]; [self addChild:self.rolypoly z:1]; [self.rolypoly setOffx]; [self scheduleUpdate]; } return self; } - (void)update:(ccTime)dt { } - (void) dealloc { [super dealloc]; } @end

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• Returnimng collection of interfaces

  - by apoorv020

  I have created the following interface public interface ISolutionSpace { public boolean isFeasible(); public boolean isSolution(); public Set<ISolutionSpace> generateChildren(); } However, in the implementation of ISolutionSpace in a class called EightQueenSolutionSpace, I am going to return a set of EightQueenSolutionSpace instances, like the following stub: @Override public Set<ISolutionSpace> generateChildren() { return new HashSet<EightQueenSolutionSpace>(); } However this stub wont compile. What changes do I need to make? EDIT: I tried 'HashSet' as well and had tried using the extends keyword. However since 'ISolutionSpace' is an interface and EightQueenSolutionSpace is an implementation(and not a subclass) of 'ISolutionSpace', it is still not working.

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• Allocation Target of std::aligned_storage (stack or heap?)

  - by Zenikoder

  I've been trying to get my head around the TR1 addition known as aligned_storage. Whilst reading the following documents N2165, N3190 and N2140 I can't for the life of me see a statement where it clearly describes stack or heap nature of the memory being used. I've had a look at the implementation provided by msvc2010, boost and gcc they all provide a stack based solution centered around the use of a union. In short: Is the memory type (stack or heap) used by aligned_storage implementation defined or is it always meant to be stack based? and, What the is the specific document that defines/determines that?

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• How to convince a colleague that code duplication is bad?

  - by vitaut

  A colleague of mine was implementing a new feature in a project we work on together and he did it by taking a file containing the implementation of a similar feature from the same project, creating a copy of it renaming all the global declarations and slightly modifying the implementation. So we ended up with two large files that are almost identical apart from renaming. I tried to explain that it makes our project more difficult to maintain but he doesn't want to change anything saying that it is easier for him to program in such way and that there is no reason to fix the code if it "ain't broke". How can I convince him that such code duplication is a bad thing? It is related to this questions, but I am more interested in the answers targeted to a technical person (another programmer), for example a reference to an authoritative source like a book would be great. I have already tried simple arguments and haven't succeeded.

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• Is there a way to localize input type="date" in HTML5

  - by lambacck

  I know that at the time of this writing only Opera supports a browser UI for <input type="date" name="mydate"> and maybe my attempts to localize this field have been met with frustration because niceties like localization have not yet been included in their implementation, but I don't even see mention of it in the HTML5 spec. Is there a way that localization should be specified? Should I do lang="fr" on a parent element? Some notes on the implementation of the site in question: Localization (language) is explicitly picked by the user because they are managing data in multiple languages and it is not reasonable to expect that the user's browser chrome is in the language being viewed or that the browser is providing desired language request headers. I want to be sure that if the page is rendered in French that the date picker provided by browser chrome shows options that make sense for French language. The plan is to fall back to jQueryUI for browsers that do not support type="date", I will use the detection mechanism provided in Dive into HTML 5

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• C++ - checking if a class has a certain method at compile time

  - by jetwolf

  Here's a question for the C++ gurus out there. Is there a way to check at compile time where a type has a certain method, and do one thing if it does, and another thing if it doesn't? Basically, I have a template function template <typename T> void function(T t); and I it to behave a certain way if T has a method g(), and another way if it doesn't. Perhaps there is something that can be used together with boost's enable_if? Something like this: template <typename T> enable_if<has_method<T, g, void ()>, void>::type function(T t) { // Superior implementation calling t.g() } template <typename T> disable_if<has_method<T, g, void ()>, void>::type function(T t) { // Inferior implementation in the case where T doesn't have a method g() } "has_method" would be something that preferably checks both that T has a method named 'g', and that the method has the correct signature (in this case, void ()). Any ideas?

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• C++ Singleton design pattern.

  - by Artem Barger

  Recently I've bumped into realization/implementation of Singleton design pattern for C++. It has looked in the following way (I have adopted it from real life example): // a lot of methods is omitted here class Singleton { public: static Singleton* getInstance( ); ~Singleton( ); private: Singleton( ); static Singleton* instance; }; From this declaration I can deduce that instance field is initiated on the heap, that means there is a memory allocation. That is completely unclear for me is when does exactly memory is going to be deallocated? Or there is a bug and memory leak? It seems like there is a problem in implementation. PS. And main question how to implement it in the right way?

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• When did the idea of macros (user-defined code transformation) appear?

  - by Jay

  I have read McCarthy's 1960 paper on LISP and found no reference to anything that's similar to user-defined macros or normal order evaluation. I was wondering when marcos first appeared in programming language history (and also in Lisp history): When was the idea of user-defined code transformation (before interpretation or compilation) first described (theoretically)? What was the first programming language implementation to have Lisp-like macros (by "Lisp-like" I mean "using a readable Turing-complete language to do code-transformation")? (including non-Lisps -- Forth for example is quite old, but I'm not sure if the first Forth implementation already had "IMMEDIATE") What was the first Lisp dialect to have macros? Thank you!

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• Couldn't I just pass an copied string to an Core Data property?

  - by dontWatchMyProfile

  The docs say: The default implementation does not copy attribute values. If the attribute value may be mutable and implements the NSCopying protocol (as is the case with NSString, for example), you can copy the value in a custom accessor to help preserve encapsulation (for example, in the case where an instance of NSMutableString is passed as a value). So instead of getting into trouble and inconvenience with overwriting accessors in my NSManagedObject subclass, couldn't I simply do something like this? myManagedObject.firstName = [[firstNameMutableStr copy] autorelease]; This would have the exact same effect, or not? The dynamic implementation would retain that anyways ... so.... why not the easy way?

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• I want to use Google Map API for my Desktop application

  - by Nubkadiya

  i want to use google map api for my desktop application. the application will be totally connected to internet. while i was searching some research notes about this implementation. i found a ideal site with the configurations. but it has some java files to be downloaded. but when i tried that website its not loading. which is swinglabs.org http://today.java.net/pub/a/today/2007/10/30/building-maps-into-swing-app-with-jxmapviewer.html any other options of doing this api implementation to my desktop application. and one more thing. i tried downloading the google api. even it ask a url. we have to provide a url then only we get a key to download it. and the api should run in that specific url. otherwise its not working. how this appears to a desktop application any ideas welcome..

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• C# - Why can't I enforce derived classes to have parameterless constructors?

  - by FrisbeeBen

  I am trying to do the following: public class foo<T> where T : bar, new { _t = new T(); private T _t; } public abstract class bar { public abstract void someMethod(); // Some implementation } public class baz : bar { public overide someMethod(){//Implementation} } And I am attempting to use it as follows: foo<baz> fooObject = new foo<baz>(); And I get an error explaining that 'T' must be a non-abstract type with a public parameterless constructor in order to use it as parameter 'T' in the generic type or method. I fully understand why this must be, and also understand that I could pass a pre-initialized object of type 'T' in as a constructor argument to avoid having to 'new' it, but is there any way around this? any way to enforce classes that derive from 'bar' to supply parameterless constructors?

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• How to use the variable declared in one class in another class in Obj C.

  - by srikanth rongali

  I have a NSDate *date1 in class1 implementation file(I initialized it as Global variable). I have NSDate *date2 in class 2 implementation file (initialized it as Global variable). I need to calculate the NSTimeInterval between the two dates in class 2. But I could not do it. I could not access date1 in this class. It is giving error as (date2 undeclared). Please give me help in how to call other class variables in this class. Thank you.

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• Free PHP framework/library for single-sign on / cross domain login

  - by Dennis Cheung

  I am looking for free (non GPL is better) SSO framework/library implementation or code samples. There are many kind of SSO implementation. Sharing cookie, sharing session, one time token, associative accounts, etc, etc. (BTW, any good article compare them?) Is there any keyword I should google and reuse before before I start to implement our own wheel. I know OpenID, but which is too much and it is not our need. We rather keep it KISS. We just want share the credentials of user that could save users from another login form.

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• Objective C instance variables - Newbie

  - by Dwayne King

  OK - so I'm sure my confusion here is just a result of being stuck in a "Java mindset" and not understanding how Obj C differs in this case. In Java, I can declare a variable in a class, like this, and each instance of that class will have it's own: MyClass { String myVar; MyClass() { // constructor } } In Obj C I tried to do the same thing by declaring a variable only in the .m file like this: #import "MyClass.h" @implementation MyClass NSString *testVar; @end My expectation here was that this variable has a scope limited to this class. So I created a second class (identical): #import "MySecondClass.h" @implementation MySecondClass NSString *testVar; @end What I'm seeing (and has me baffled) is that changing the variable in one class, affects the value seen in the other class. In fact, if I set a breakpoint, and then "Jump to Definition" of the variable, it takes me to th I've created an extremely small XCode project that demonstrates the problem here Nothing more humbling than moving to a new language :) Thanks in advance.

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• PHP similar_text() in java

  - by Thomas

  Do you know any strictly equivalent implementation of the PHP similar_text function in Java?

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• Domain-Driven-Design question

  - by Michael

  Hello everyone, I have a question about DDD. I'm building a application to learn DDD and I have a question about layering. I have an application that works like this: UI layer calls = Application Layer - Domain Layer - Database Here is a small example of how the code looks: //****************UI LAYER************************ //Uses Ioc to get the service from the factory. //This factory would be in the MyApp.Infrastructure.dll IImplementationFactory factory = new ImplementationFactory(); //Interface and implementation for Shopping Cart service would be in MyApp.ApplicationLayer.dll IShoppingCartService service = factory.GetImplementationFactory<IShoppingCartService>(); //This is the UI layer, //Calling into Application Layer //to get the shopping cart for a user. //Interface for IShoppingCart would be in MyApp.ApplicationLayer.dll //and implementation for IShoppingCart would be in MyApp.Model. IShoppingCart shoppingCart = service.GetShoppingCartByUserName(userName); //Show shopping cart information. //For example, items bought, price, taxes..etc ... //Pressed Purchase button, so even for when //button is pressed. //Uses Ioc to get the service from the factory again. IImplementationFactory factory = new ImplementationFactory(); IShoppingCartService service = factory.GetImplementationFactory<IShoppingCartService>(); service.Purchase(shoppingCart); //**********************Application Layer********************** public class ShoppingCartService : IShoppingCartService { public IShoppingCart GetShoppingCartByUserName(string userName) { //Uses Ioc to get the service from the factory. //This factory would be in the MyApp.Infrastructure.dll IImplementationFactory factory = new ImplementationFactory(); //Interface for repository would be in MyApp.Infrastructure.dll //but implementation would by in MyApp.Model.dll IShoppingCartRepository repository = factory.GetImplementationFactory<IShoppingCartRepository>(); IShoppingCart shoppingCart = repository.GetShoppingCartByUserName(username); //Do shopping cart logic like calculating taxes and stuff //I would put these in services but not sure? ... return shoppingCart; } public void Purchase(IShoppingCart shoppingCart) { //Do Purchase logic and calling out to repository ... } } I've seem to put most of my business rules in services rather than the models and I'm not sure if this is correct? Also, i'm not completely sure if I have the laying correct? Do I have the right pieces in the correct place? Also should my models leave my domain model? In general I'm I doing this correct according DDD? Thanks!

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• Need Information on XslCompiledTransform in Plain English

  - by M Murphy

  Does anybody have any links that explain proper implementation of the XSLCompiledTransform? Thanks

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• How to calculate median of a Map<Int,Int>?

  - by Chris

  For a map where the key represents a number of a sequence and the value the count how often this number appeared in the squence, how would an implementation of an algorithm in java look like to calculate the median? For example: 1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,4,5,6,6,6,7,7 in a map: Map<Int,Int> map = ... map.put(1,2) map.put(2,4) map.put(3,3) map.put(4,1) map.put(5,1) map.put(6,3) map.put(7,2) double median = calculateMedian(map); print(median); would result in: > print(median); 3 > So what i am looking for is a java implementation of calculateMedian.

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• What is the best way to expose a callback API - C++

  - by rursw1

  Hi, I have a C++ library that should expose some system\ resource calls as callbacks from the linked application. For example: the interfacing application (which uses this library) can send socket management callback functions - send, receive, open, close etc., and the library will use this implementation in stead of the library's implementation. (This way enables the application to manage the sockets by itself, can be useful). This library has to expose also more callbacks, like, for example, a password validation, so I wonder if there is a preferred method to expose the callback sending option in one API. Something like: int AddCallbackFunc (int functionCallbackType, <generic function prototype>, <generic way to pass some additional arguments>) Then within my library I will assign the callback to the appropriate function pointer according to the functionCallbackType parameter. Is there any way to implement it in a generic way which will fit ANY function prototype and ANY additional arguments? Your help will be more than appreciated... Thanks!

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