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  • How to implement an interface class using the non-virtual interface idiom in C++?

    - by andreas buykx
    Hi all, In C++ an interface can be implemented by a class with all its methods pure virtual. Such a class could be part of a library to describe what methods an object should implement to be able to work with other classes in the library: class Lib::IFoo { public: virtual void method() = 0; }; : class Lib::Bar { public: void stuff( Lib::IFoo & ); }; Now I want to to use class Lib::Bar, so I have to implement the IFoo interface. For my purposes I need a whole of related classes so I would like to work with a base class that guarantees common behavior using the NVI idiom: class FooBase : public IFoo // implement interface IFoo { public: void method(); // calls methodImpl; private: virtual void methodImpl(); }; The non-virtual interface (NVI) idiom ought to deny derived classes the possibility of overriding the common behavior implemented in FooBase::method(), but since IFoo made it virtual it seems that all derived classes have the opportunity to override the FooBase::method(). If I want to use the NVI idiom, what are my options other than the pImpl idiom already suggested (thanks space-c0wb0y).

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  • Function with parameter type that has a copy-constructor with non-const ref chosen?

    - by Johannes Schaub - litb
    Some time ago I was confused by the following behavior of some code when I wanted to write a is_callable<F, Args...> trait. Overload resolution won't call functions accepting arguments by non-const ref, right? Why doesn't it reject in the following because the constructor wants a Test&? I expected it to take f(int)! struct Test { Test() { } // I want Test not be copyable from rvalues! Test(Test&) { } // But it's convertible to int operator int() { return 0; } }; void f(int) { } void f(Test) { } struct WorksFine { }; struct Slurper { Slurper(WorksFine&) { } }; struct Eater { Eater(WorksFine) { } }; void g(Slurper) { } void g(Eater) { } // chooses this, as expected int main() { // Error, why? f(Test()); // But this works, why? g(WorksFine()); } Error message is m.cpp: In function 'int main()': m.cpp:33:11: error: no matching function for call to 'Test::Test(Test)' m.cpp:5:3: note: candidates are: Test::Test(Test&) m.cpp:2:3: note: Test::Test() m.cpp:33:11: error: initializing argument 1 of 'void f(Test)' Can you please explain why one works but the other doesn't?

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  • Why can I call a non-const member function pointer from a const method?

    - by sdg
    A co-worker asked about some code like this that originally had templates in it. I have removed the templates, but the core question remains: why does this compile OK? #include <iostream> class X { public: void foo() { std::cout << "Here\n"; } }; typedef void (X::*XFUNC)() ; class CX { public: explicit CX(X& t, XFUNC xF) : object(t), F(xF) {} void execute() const { (object.*F)(); } private: X& object; XFUNC F; }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { X x; const CX cx(x,&X::foo); cx.execute(); return 0; } Given that CX is a const object, and its member function execute is const, therefore inside CX::execute the this pointer is const. But I am able to call a non-const member function through a member function pointer. Are member function pointers a documented hole in the const-ness of the world? What (presumably obvious to others) issue have we missed?

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  • How to scale JPEG images with a non-standard sampling factor in Java?

    - by HRJ
    I am using Java AWT for scaling a JPEG image, to create thumbnails. The code works fine when the image has a normal sampling factor ( 2x2,1x1,1x1 ) However, an image which has this sampling factor ( 1x1, 1x1, 1x1 ) creates problem when scaled. The colors get corrupted though the features are recognizable. The original and the thumbnail: The code I am using is roughly equivalent to: static BufferedImage awtScaleImage(BufferedImage image, int maxSize, int hint) { // We use AWT Image scaling because it has far superior quality // compared to JAI scaling. It also performs better (speed)! System.out.println("AWT Scaling image to: " + maxSize); int w = image.getWidth(); int h = image.getHeight(); float scaleFactor = 1.0f; if (w > h) scaleFactor = ((float) maxSize / (float) w); else scaleFactor = ((float) maxSize / (float) h); w = (int)(w * scaleFactor); h = (int)(h * scaleFactor); // since this code can run both headless and in a graphics context // we will just create a standard rgb image here and take the // performance hit in a non-compatible image format if any Image i = image.getScaledInstance(w, h, hint); image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics2D g = image.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(i, null, null); g.dispose(); i.flush(); return image; } (Code courtesy of this page ) Is there a better way to do this? Here's a test image with sampling factor of [ 1x1, 1x1, 1x1 ].

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  • Error: "an object reference is required for the non-static field, method or property..."

    - by user300484
    Hi! Im creating an application on C#. Its function is to evualuate if a given is prime and if the same swapped number is prime as well. When I build my solution on Visual Studio, it says that "an object reference is required for the non-static field, method or property...". Im having this problem with the "volteado" and "siprimo" methods. Can you tell me where is the problem and how i can fix it? thank you! namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.Write("Write a number: "); long a= Convert.ToInt64(Console.ReadLine()); // a is the number given by the user long av = volteado(a); // av is "a" but swapped if (siprimo(a) == false && siprimo(av) == false) Console.WriteLine("Both original and swapped numbers are prime."); else Console.WriteLine("One of the numbers isnt prime."); Console.ReadLine(); } private bool siprimo(long a) {// evaluate if the received number is prime bool sp = true; for (long k = 2; k <= a / 2; k++) if (a % k == 0) sp = false; return sp; } private long volteado(long a) {// swap the received number long v = 0; while (a > 0) { v = 10 * v + a % 10; a /= 10; } return v; } } }

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  • How can I get an IObservable<T> in Rx from a "non-standard" event?

    - by Dan Tao
    Here's what I mean. Suppose I'm working with an API that exposes events, but these events do not follow the standard EventHandler or EventHandler<TEventArgs> signature. One event might look like this, for instance: Public Event Update(ByVal sender As BaseSubscription, ByVal e As BaseEvent) Now, typically, if I want to get an IObservable<TEventArgs> from an event, I can just do this: Dim updates = Observable.FromEvent(Of UpdateEventArgs)( _ target:=updateSource, _ eventName:="Update" _ ) But this doesn't work, because the Update event is not an EventHandler<UpdateEventArgs> -- in fact, there is no UpdateEventArgs -- it's basically just its own thing. Obviously, I could define my own class deriving from EventArgs (i.e., UpdateEventArgs), write another class to wrap the object providing the Update event, give the wrapper class its own Update event that is an EventHandler<UpdateEventArgs>, and get an IObservable<UpdateEventArgs> from that. But that's an annoying amount of work. Is there some way to create an IObservable<[something]> from a "non-standard" event like this, or am I out of luck?

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  • Can we run two simultaneous non-nested loops in Perl?

    - by Mike
    Part of my code goes like this: while(1){ my $winmm = new Win32::MediaPlayer; $winmm->load('1.mp3'); $winmm->play; $winmm->volume(100); Do Some Stuff; last if some condition is met; } Problem is: I want the music to be always on when I'm in the Do Some Stuff stage in the while loop. But the length of the music is so short that it will come to a full stop before I go to the next stage, so I want the music to repeat itself, but the Win32::Mediaplayer module does not seem to have a repeat mode, so I'm thinking of doing an infinite loop for the music playing part. Like this: while(1){ my $winmm = new Win32::MediaPlayer; $winmm->load('1.mp3'); $winmm->play; $winmm->volume(100); } while(2){ Do some stuff; last if some condition is met } But based on my current Perl knowledge if I'm in the while(1) part, I can never go to the while(2) part. Even if it comes to a nested loop, I have to do something to break out of the inside loop before going to the other part of the outside loop. The answer to my question "Can we run two simultaneous non-nested loops in Perl?" may be a NO, but I assume there is some way of handling such situation. Correct me if I'm wrong. Thanks as always for any comments/suggestions :) UPDATE I really appreciate the help from everyone. Thanks :) So the answer to my question is a YES, not a NO. I'm happy that I've learned how to use fork() and threads to solve a real problem :)

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  • Why is a non-blocking TCP connect() occasionally so slow on Linux?

    - by pts
    I was trying to measure the speed of a TCP server I'm writing, and I've noticed that there might be a fundamental problem of measuring the speed of the connect() calls: if I connect in a non-blocking way, connect() operations become very slow after a few seconds. Here is the example code in Python: #! /usr/bin/python2.4 import errno import os import select import socket import sys def NonBlockingConnect(sock, addr): while True: try: return sock.connect(addr) except socket.error, e: if e.args[0] not in (errno.EINPROGRESS, errno.EALREADY): raise os.write(2, '^') if not select.select((), (sock,), (), 0.5)[1]: os.write(2, 'P') def InfiniteClient(addr): while True: sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) sock.setblocking(0) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) # sock.connect(addr) NonBlockingConnect(sock, addr) sock.close() os.write(2, '.') def InfiniteServer(server_socket): while True: sock, addr = server_socket.accept() sock.close() server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0) server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) server_socket.bind(('127.0.0.1', 45454)) server_socket.listen(128) if os.fork(): # Parent. InfiniteServer(server_socket) else: addr = server_socket.getsockname() server_socket.close() InfiniteClient(addr) With NonBlockingConnect, most connect() operations are fast, but in every few seconds there happens to be one connect() operation which takes at least 2 seconds (as indicated by 5 consecutive P letters on the output). By using sock.connect instead of NonBlockingConnect all connect operations seem to be fast. How is it possible to get rid of these slow connect()s? I'm running Ubuntu Karmic desktop with the standard PAE kernel: Linux narancs 2.6.31-20-generic-pae #57-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 8 10:23:59 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux

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  • Can I pass a non-generic type where a generic type is expected?

    - by Water Cooler v2
    I want to define a set of classes that collect and persist data. I want to call them either on-demand basis, or in a chain-of-responsibility fashion, as the caller pleases. To support the chaining, I have declared my interface like so: interface IDataManager<T, K> { T GetData(K args); void WriteData(Stream stream); void WriteData(T data, Stream stream); IDataCollectionPolicy Policy; IDataManager<T, K> NextDataManager; } But the T's and K's for each concrete types will be different. If I give it like this: IDataManager<T, K> NextDataManager; I assume that the calling code will only be able to chain types that have the same T's and K's. Is there a way I can have it chain any type of IDataManager? One thing that occurs to me is to have IDataManager inherit from a non-generic IDataManager like so: interface IDataManager { } interface IDataManager<T, K>: IDataManager { T GetData(K args); void WriteData(Stream stream); void WriteData(T data, Stream stream); IDataCollectionPolicy Policy; IDataManager NextDataManager; } Is this going to work?

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  • Implementing a non-public assignment operator with a public named method?

    - by Casey
    It is supposed to copy an AnimatedSprite. I'm having second thoughts that it has the unfortunate side effect of changing the *this object. How would I implement this feature without the side effect? EDIT: Based on new answers, the question should really be: How do I implement a non-public assignment operator with a public named method without side effects? (Changed title as such). public: AnimatedSprite& AnimatedSprite::Clone(const AnimatedSprite& animatedSprite) { return (*this = animatedSprite); } protected: AnimatedSprite& AnimatedSprite::operator=(const AnimatedSprite& rhs) { if(this == &rhs) return *this; destroy_bitmap(this->_frameImage); this->_frameImage = create_bitmap(rhs._frameImage->w, rhs._frameImage->h); clear_bitmap(this->_frameImage); this->_frameDimensions = rhs._frameDimensions; this->CalcCenterFrame(); this->_frameRate = rhs._frameRate; if(rhs._animation != nullptr) { delete this->_animation; this->_animation = new a2de::AnimationHandler(*rhs._animation); } else { delete this->_animation; this->_animation = nullptr; } return *this; }

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  • Create a console from within a non-console .NET application.

    - by pauldoo
    How can I open a console window from within a non-console .NET application (so I have a place for System.Console.Out and friends when debugging)? In C++ this can be done using various Win32 APIs: /* EnsureConsoleExists() will create a console window and attach stdout (and friends) to it. Can be useful when debugging. */ FILE* const CreateConsoleStream(const DWORD stdHandle, const char* const mode) { const HANDLE outputHandle = ::GetStdHandle(stdHandle); assert(outputHandle != 0); const int outputFileDescriptor = _open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(outputHandle), _O_TEXT); assert(outputFileDescriptor != -1); FILE* const outputStream = _fdopen(outputFileDescriptor, mode); assert(outputStream != 0); return outputStream; } void EnsureConsoleExists() { const bool haveCreatedConsole = (::AllocConsole() != 0); if (haveCreatedConsole) { /* If we didn't manage to create the console then chances are that stdout is already going to a console window. */ *stderr = *CreateConsoleStream(STD_ERROR_HANDLE, "w"); *stdout = *CreateConsoleStream(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, "w"); *stdin = *CreateConsoleStream(STD_INPUT_HANDLE, "r"); std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); const HANDLE consoleHandle = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); assert(consoleHandle != NULL && consoleHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE); CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO info; BOOL result = ::GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(consoleHandle, &info); assert(result != 0); COORD size; size.X = info.dwSize.X; size.Y = 30000; result = ::SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(consoleHandle, size); assert(result != 0); } }

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  • Acessing a struct member, using a pointer to a vector of structs. Error:base operand of '->' has non-pointer type

    - by Matt Munson
    #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; struct s_Astruct { vector <int> z; }; int main () { vector <s_Astruct> v_a; for(int q=0;q<10;q++) { v_a.push_back(s_Astruct()); for(int w =0;w<5;w++) v_a[q].z.push_back(8); } vector <s_Astruct> * p_v_a = & v_a; cout << p_v_a[0]->z[4]; //error: base operand of '->' has non-pointer type //'__gnu_debug_def::vector<s_Astruct, std::allocator<s_Astruct> >' } There seems to be some issue with this sort of operation that I don't understand. In the code that I'm working on I actually have things like p_class-vector[]-vector[]-int; and I'm getting a similar error.

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  • Implement two functions with the same name but different, non-covariant return types due to multiple abstract base classes

    - by user1508167
    If I have two abstract classes defining a pure virtual function with the same name, but different, non-covariant return types, how can I derive from these and define an implementation for both their functions? #include <iostream> class ITestA { public: virtual ~ITestA() {}; virtual float test() =0; }; class ITestB { public: virtual ~ITestB() {}; virtual bool test() =0; }; class C : public ITestA, public ITestB { public: /* Somehow implement ITestA::test and ITestB::test */ }; int main() { ITestA *a = new C(); std::cout << a->test() << std::endl; // should print a float, like "3.14" ITestB *b = dynamic_cast<ITestB *>(a); if (b) { std::cout << b->test() << std::endl; // should print "1" or "0" } delete(a); return 0; } As long as I don't call C::test() directly there's nothing ambiguous, so I think that it should work somehow and I guess I just didn't find the right notation yet. Or is this impossible, if so: Why?

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  • How to dictate a Non-English text on an English Windows 7?

    - by hellelampe
    I'm using an English Windows 7 with speech recognition working fine if I'm dictating in English. I would like to dictate a letter in German. I don't need further features that let you use your computer without a mouse, I want to dictate my letter. If I just start speaking German the Windows speech recognition software just gives me English gibberish. When I set the Speech Recognition to "German" in the Speech Properties dialog, I get the error message: Speech Recognition could not start because the language configuration is not supported. The recognizer language must match the language of the user interface. Please change the recognizer language in the Speech Recognition control panel under Advanced Options. This error message doesn't help me, because it tells me that I either need to change my system language or the language I want to dictate. But that's not what I want. How can I dictate in German on my PC with the English version of Windows 7?

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  • How do I run a non-service program as a service on Windows 2008 Server?

    - by Lasse V. Karlsen
    I found this page that tells me how to set up Windows Live Sync as a background service on Windows 2003 Server, unfortunately the resource kit tools for 2003 that are mentioned does not work on 2008 server. http://mswhs.freeforums.org/windows-live-sync-as-a-service-on-whs-t623.html Also, apparently there is no resource kit tools downloadable for Windows 2008 Server that I can find. Perhaps someone has a link to the relevant tools? (INSTSRV.EXE and SRVANY.EXE.) Using just plain SC.EXE doesn't work as I assume that the program is then required to be a normal service, and not just any executable. What other options do I have? Can I use the task scheduler on 2008 server to start the WindowsLiveSync executable, will that work? I need the executable to stay running even after I've logged off from the server.

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  • How can I expire non-active sessions on my Netscreen SSG140?

    - by David Mackintosh
    I have a Juniper Netscreen SSG-140. While experimenting with a VoIP service, I defined a custom policy that was to be used to permit the possible ports in use to be sent back to the VoIP server from systems connecting across the internet. Because I'd had problems in the past with VoIP systems getting broken when their UDP sessions were expired out faster than their keep-alives were generated, I set the timeout on this custom service to be 'never'. After much experimentation, I happened to notice that my session count on the firewall has grown from a couple thousand to over 36000. After discussion with the VoIP "expert", I set the timeout to be 30 minutes; however, all the sessions set up during the experimentation process are still there, more than 3 days later. Is there a way I can force these old sessions to get expired and removed from the session table, or am I looking at resetting my firewall? (Both firewalls, actually -- they are in a cluster.)

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  • Force initial Google Drive sync with a non-empty folder?

    - by Terrance Shaw
    I upgraded my iMac with an SSD last night and restored from a Time Capsule backup. Everything is now working substantially zippier and overall better, with the exception of one thing: Google Drive refuses to continue to sync with the Google Drive folder that it'd been using before the upgrade, and I ultimately ended up having to just delete the folder and let it resync from scratch to get past its stubborn error (alternatively, I suppose I could've simply moved the contents, set the path to the now-empty folder, then moved them back). Is there any way to get past this particular issue (for future reference), or is it something that Google put in place to ensure that a new user doesn't go and specify their root drive as the backup destination?

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  • How do I restore a non-system hard drive using Time Machine under OSX?

    - by richardtallent
    I dropped one of the external drives on my Mac Pro and it started making noises... so I bought a replacement drive. No biggie, that's why I have Time Machine, right? So now that I have the new drive up and initialized, how do I actually restore the drive from backup? Time Machine is intuitive when it comes to restoring the system drive or restoring individual folders/files on the same literal device, but I'm a bit stuck in how to properly restore an entire drive that is not the boot drive. I saw one suggestion to use the same volume name as the old drive and then go into Time Machine. Haven't tried that since the information is unconfirmed. For now, I just went to the Time Machine volume, found the latest backup folder for that volume, and I'm copying the files via Finder. Of couse, I expect this to work just fine, but I feel like I'm missing something if that's the "proper" way to do this.

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  • How to tell rails to use non-default ruby?

    - by Hamish Downer
    I need two different versions of ruby on a server. The packaged ruby for the packaged puppet to work, and a compiled ruby for a rails web app to work. So basically I want the default ruby to be the ruby from the package, and for rails to use the compiled ruby (in /usr/local/bin/ and /usr/local/lib/ ) I've found references to setting the RUBYPATH and RUBYLIB environment variables, but I'm confused as to where to set them. In .bashrc, .profile, in the apache config somewhere?

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  • How can a Postfix/Dovecot(ssl)/Apache/Roundcube(non-ssl) setup leak email addresses?

    - by Jens Björnhager
    I have a linux box email server with Postfix as the MTA, Dovecot as the IMAP server and Apache with Roundcube as webmail. In my /etc/postfix/aliases I have just above a hundred different aliases which makes as many email addresses on my domain. I use one address per website so I easily can shut down spam infested addresses. During the half a year or so that I have had this setup, I have received 3 spam from 2 sources. As I know exactly where I entered this address, it should be easy to pinpoint email leaking websites and services. However, these sources are, according to me, not likely email sellers. And for one of them to sell my email twice? I contacted one of the sources and they are adamant that their system is tight. They suggested the possibility that it is my server that is doing the leaking. So, my question is: How likely is it that my box is leaking email addresses, and how? I don't store fully qualified email addresses anywhere in my system except in my maildir. I use SSL connection to IMAP I do not use https on webmail

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  • With Apache, is it possible to generate a directory listing for a non-folder URL?

    - by William Denniss
    Apache allows you to create a directory list (when configured) if you visit a folder with no index.html. What I want to know is, is it possible to get that same list but at a different URL? I'm already using index.html and want to keep it that way. i.e., this is what I'm looking for: http://example.com/blar/ - loads my index.html page (don't want this to change) http://example.com/blar/directory_list (I want this url to render the apache directory list instead)

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  • Does Windows 7 RC handle non Windows Media Center remotes yet?

    - by zillion
    I'm mostly a Linux geek, but while I will be trying to make my first Arch Linux installation in a virtual machine to learn and make my installation script for the true install, I need a simple OS and Windows 7 was better than Windows XP Media Center cause Media Center is outdated on XP. I tested it has a beta but my Hauppauge wintv-pvr usb2 remote wasn't working but the tv-tuner worked well and I haven't tested Windows XP Mode and my printer Epson Stylus Photo R300. Do someone know this hardware and if the XP Mode is easily supported?

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  • Can PaperPort be used to convert a non OCR PDF to OCR PDF?

    - by Senseful
    My scanner came with the following software: ScanSoft PageViewer ScanSoft PaperPort ScanDirect I believe it also comes with a basic version of OmniPage I'm not sure which of these programs is the one that actually performs the OCR. When I scan a document, it can perform OCR on it and convert it to a searchable PDF. Is there any way I can take an existing image or PDF file and run the same OCR engine on it in order to create a searchable PDF?

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  • How can I get WAMP and a domain name to work on a non-standard port?

    - by David Murdoch
    I have read countless articles on setting up a domain on WAMP to listen on a port other than 80; none of them are working. I've got Windows Server 2008 (Standard) with IIS 7 installed and running on port 80 (and 443). I've got WAMP installed with the following configuration. Listen 81 ServerName sub.example.com:81 DocumentRoot "C:/Path/To/www" <Directory "C:/Path/To/www"> Options All MultiViews AllowOverride All # onlineoffline tag - don't remove Order Allow,Deny Allow from all </Directory> localhost:81 works with the above configuration but sub.example.com:81 does not. Just to make sure my firewall wasn't getting in the way I have disabled it completely. My sub.example.com domain is already pointing to my server and works on IIS on port 80. Also, if I disable IIS and change the Apache port from 81 to 80 it works. Yes, I am restarting Apache after each httpd.conf change. :-) I don't need any other domain (or sub domains [I don't even care about localhost]) configured which is why I'm not using a VirtualHost. Any ideas what is going on here? What could I be doing wrong? Update Changing Listen to 80 but keeping ServerName as sub.example.com:81 causes navigation to sub.example.com:80 to work; this just doesn't seem right to me. Could ServerName be ignoring the :port part somehow? netstat -a -n | find "TCP": >netstat -a -n | find "TCP" TCP 0.0.0.0:81 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING TCP 0.0.0.0:912 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING ... TCP 127.0.0.1:81 127.0.0.1:49709 TIME_WAIT ...

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